European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) into electrospun chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers by assessing (1) swelling behavior after immersion in i-PRF, (2) potential interactions between components based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) profiles, and (3) initial in vitro cytocompatibility using human primary fibroblasts.Chitosan-PVA nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning and trimmed into 5-mm discs. Specimens were immersed in 0.5 mL of i-PRF for six time points (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes), and swelling capacity was evaluated to determine the immersion time associated with the highest absorption. FTIR was performed to compare functional group profiles before and after i-PRF immersion. For cytocompatibility testing, 5-mm diameter nanofiber discs were soaked in 0.5-mL i-PRF for 10 minutes and placed into wells seeded with human primary fibroblasts (5 × 10³ cells/well). After 24, 48, and 72-hour incubation at 37°C in a CO₂ incubator, methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) reagent was added and incubated for an additional 4 hours. Absorbance was measured using a multimode microplate reader, and cell viability was calculated as the percentage relative to the control group.The highest swelling was observed after 10 minutes of immersion (p < 0.05). FTIR spectra showed no additional peaks indicative of new chemical functional groups after immersion, suggesting that i-PRF incorporation occurred predominantly through physical interaction rather than formation of new covalent bonds. In the MTT assay, fibroblast viability in the i-PRF-immersed nanofiber group was comparable to the control (p < 0.05), indicating no detectable cytotoxic effect under the tested conditions.Chitosan-PVA nanofibers demonstrated an ability to absorb i-PRF, exhibiting comparable FTIR functional groups following immersion. This finding indicates that the predominant interaction mechanism is of a physical nature. A 72-hour MTT assay indicated that there was acceptable initial cytocompatibility with human primary fibroblasts. The study concluded that the chitosan-PVA/i-PRF construct appears to be a promising preliminary scaffold, but further work is required on morphology, mechanics, degradation, release kinetics, wider cell responses, and in vivo performance before claims can be made about periodontal regeneration or clinical efficacy.

An observational case-control study aimed to assess the salivary concentrations of asprosin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and their correlation in periodontitis patients with varying waist-to-height ratios (WHtR) compared with periodontally healthy controls.This study involved 120 systemically healthy participants: 30 periodontally healthy with low obesity risk (HLR, WHtR < 0.5), 30 periodontally healthy with high obesity risk (HHR, WHtR ≥ 0.5), 30 periodontitis patients with low obesity risk (PLR, WHtR < 0.5), and 30 periodontitis patients with high obesity risk (PHR, WHtR ≥ 0.5). Unstimulated saliva samples were obtained, clinical measures recorded, and salivary concentrations assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess data normality. One-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc analysis, independent t-test, and chi-square test were employed for group comparisons with a p-value of < 0.05. Pearson's correlation was utilized to investigate the relationships between salivary biomarkers and periodontal measures. Multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate various determinants of biomarker levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to explore discriminative performance.The salivary concentrations of asprosin and RBP4 were significantly higher in the periodontitis groups (PLR [26.12 ± 5.74 and 33.69 ± 4.01 pg/mL] and PHR [26.46 ± 9.46 and 38.01 ± 2.36 pg/mL], respectively) compared with healthy controls (HLR [6.66 ± 4.37 and 6.30 ± 6.28 pg/mL] and HHR [13.61 ± 5.61 and 12.02 ± 9.18 pg/mL], respectively) (p < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were significantly associated with asprosin concentrations in periodontitis patients, while WHtR, obesity status, CAL, and PPD were significantly associated with RBP4 levels (R ² = 0.515 and 0.750, respectively). Additionally, ROC analysis suggested a promising discriminative ability of both biomarkers in distinguishing periodontitis from periodontal health, with RBP4 exhibiting higher performance than asprosin in differentiating periodontitis groups categorized by WHtR, with area under the curves 0.79 versus 0.57, respectively.Asprosin is thought to be a marker reflecting periodontal inflammation, while RBP4 appears to be associated with both periodontal inflammation and obesity and may serve as a useful biomarker for assessing the association between periodontitis and obesity status.

Congenital neutropenia, particularly ELANE-associated forms, is associated with recurrent oral infections and aggressive periodontitis. While ELANE deficiency compromises oral health, its relationship to plaque biofilm ecology and metabolic function remains unclear. The oral microbiome-metabolome interplay in this condition remains largely uncharacterized globally. Here, we address this gap by characterizing the dental plaque metagenome and inferred metabolic pathways in a defined cohort of Thai neutropenia patients.In this exploratory study, we sequenced dental plaque samples from a defined cohort of nine individuals: three patients with severe congenital neutropenia or cyclic neutropenia (CyN) with confirmed ELANE variants, and six from age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Shotgun metagenomics was used for genomic analysis, followed by comprehensive microbiota examination. Subsequently, MetaCyc, a curated database, was used for in silico analysis and comparisons of the predicted functional pathways between the test and control plaque biofilms.The principal coordinate analysis plot and heat map revealed distinct segregation of microbial profiles between the patients and control groups. A significant variation in the proportions of the five core phyla was noted in patients and controls. Two commensal species, Aggregatibacter sp oral taxon 458 and Leptotrichia sp oral taxon 212, were enriched in the controls. Conversely, four species were significantly enriched in the patients, Selenomonas flueggei, Streptococcus milleri, Kingella oralis, and Actinobaculum sp oral taxon 183; the latter being notably elevated across all patients. The MetaCyc in silico analyses suggested predicted enrichment of functional pathways associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in patients, including L-methionine biosynthesis IV, formaldehyde assimilation III, L-rhamnose degradation, and the superpathway of (R,R)-butanediol biosynthesis pathways.Our study advances the understanding of ELANE-associated periodontitis by moving beyond descriptive microbiota analysis to suggest potential associations between host immune deficiency, microbial dysbiosis, and the microbiota-associated metabolic pathway alterations. These findings provide preliminary insights into targeted periodontal care in neutropenic patients, though further validation in larger cohorts is required.

Dental implant is an effective treatment for tooth replacement, with modern prosthetic materials like lithium disilicate and zirconia enhancing esthetics. However, they are susceptible to peri-implant diseases such as mucositis and peri-implantitis. Poor oral hygiene and bacterial biofilm accumulation are key factors contributing to these conditions. This study aimed to investigate the surface roughness of four different prosthetic materials: lithium disilicate, titanium, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and zirconia, after being treated with cleaning instruments.This study was performed on 100 specimens, comprising 25 samples each of lithium disilicate, titanium, PEEK, and zirconia. The surface of the samples was treated with different types of cleaning instruments: piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler (P5 scaler), two air polishing devices (Airflow Classic and Airflow Plus powder), and prophy paste with rubber cup (Prophy paste). Changes of surface roughness and surface topography were measured with a profilometer, and scanning electron microscopy was used for visual analysis. The data was analyzed using the independent-sample Kruskal-Wallis test.Compared to the control, the lithium disilicate showed significantly higher roughness when treated with Prophy paste; the titanium showed significantly higher roughness when treated by air polishing (Airflow Classic and Airflow Plus powder), Prophy paste; the PEEK showed significantly higher roughness when treated by air polishing (Airflow Classic and Airflow Plus powder); and zirconia showed significantly higher roughness when treated with the P5 scaler and Airflow Classic.It showed that the roughness parameters (Ra and Rz) were affected when treating with various cleaning instruments. From this study, air polishing devices should be used with caution with titanium, PEEK, and zirconia; Prophy paste should be used with caution with titanium and lithium disilicate; and P5 scaler should be used with caution with zirconia. Further studies are required to study the clinical outcomes.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of customized diving mouthpieces (CDMs) in preventing Diver's Mouth Syndrome (DMS), focusing on temporomandibular joint (TMJs) symptoms and associated clinical parameters during scuba diving.A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted including 38 scuba divers assigned to either a standard diving mouthpiece (SDM) or a CDM. Pain intensity (visual analog scale), otic examination, skin temperature (infrared thermography), and maximum mouth opening were recorded daily over seven consecutive diving days. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures statistical models (α = 0.05).Sixteen divers (42.1%) reported relevant pain during the study period. TMJs-related pain was observed in 40% of the SDM group, whereas no TMJs pain was reported in the CDM group (p = 0.003). Significant intergroup differences were observed in otic assessment between days 6 and 7 (p <0.05). TMJs thermography showed a significant temperature reduction in the CDM group between days 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). Maximum mouth opening demonstrated significant temporal changes over the study period (p < 0.05).Significant intergroup differences were observed in otic assessment between days 6 and 7 (p < 0.05).CDMs significantly reduced TMJs-related pain and clinical signs associated with DMS compared with standard mouthpieces.The use of customized mouthpieces reduces the scuba diving practice-related conditions at the TMJ and associated muscles.

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility, physicochemical characteristics, and in vivo biological performance of the composite scaffold (hydroxyapatite [HA]-collagen-S. littoralis-polyvinyl alcohol [PVA]).In vitro assays were conducted on 7F2 preosteoblast cells to assess osteoblast viability and proliferation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was then used to determine the optimal concentration identified by these assays. The composite scaffold was also characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vivo evaluation was performed using a Sprague-Dawley rat calvarial defect model, with a control group without a scaffold and a treatment group receiving the composite scaffold, at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days to assess osteoblast counts and histological features associated with later stages of bone healing.In vitro results demonstrated a progressive increase in 7F2 viability and proliferation up to 72 hours, with the optimal concentration at 1,500 ppm. These findings were consistent with SEM observations. FT-IR confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups with molecular interactions among components. SEM showed a porous structure with good interconnectivity that supported cell adhesion. XRD indicated the presence of crystalline HA and amorphous organic phases, supporting mechanical stability and biocompatibility. Histological analysis showed earlier osteoblast recruitment in the composite scaffold group, peaking at day 7, followed by reduced osteoblast numbers at day 28, suggesting progression toward later stages of bone healing. In contrast, the control group exhibited a delayed osteoblast peak at day 14 and persistent fibrous tissue. In vivo statistical analysis demonstrated significantly higher osteoblast counts in the scaffold group than in controls (p < 0.05 at days 3, 7, 14, and 21), indicating an enhanced early osteogenic response.The composite scaffold (HA-collagen-S. littoralis-PVA) demonstrated structural properties, biocompatibility, and biological performance that support osteoconduction and osteogenesis, highlighting its potential as an innovative biomaterial for bone regeneration in dental, oral, and maxillofacial tissue engineering.

Tongue cancer represents nearly half of all oral cancer cases globally, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic agents. Catharanthus roseus, known for its well-established anticancer properties, offers a promising alternative. Although C. roseus has been studied in several cancer models, its effects in tongue cancer cells, particularly in relation to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathways, have not been evaluated. This study examined the effect of the ethanol extract of C. roseus leaf (EECRL) on HSC-3 cells.Cells were treated with various concentrations of EECRL. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, apoptosis was evaluated by sub-G1 analysis, and levels of cleaved-PARP and phosphorylated PI3K were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Depending on data distribution, comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test. Correction for multiple comparisons was applied using the Holm-Bonferroni method, and adjusted p-values were used to determine statistical significance.EECRL reduced number of viable cells and induced apoptosis in HSC-3 cells in a significant, concentration-dependent manner (adjusted p-value < 0.05). Additionally, EECRL significantly decreased the activity of PI3K in a concentration-dependent manner (adjusted p-value < 0.05) and significantly increased cleaved-PARP compared with the untreated group (adjusted p-value < 0.05).EECRL reduced viable cell numbers and induced apoptotic features in HSC-3 tongue cancer cells, with effects associated with suppression of PI3K signaling and increased PARP cleavage. These findings suggest that EECRL may have potential as an alternative therapeutic candidate for tongue cancer. However, further mechanistic studies are required to confirm causal pathway involvement.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous biomaterial, has been increasingly utilized to mitigate postoperative pain, edema, and alveolar osteitis, while promoting both soft and hard tissue regeneration during the surgical extraction of third molars. The present study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative paresthesia in patients undergoing impacted third molar surgery with PRF application versus those treated without PRF.A double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted involving patients scheduled for surgical extraction of impacted third molars. Cone-beam computed tomography was utilized preoperatively to confirm the anatomical relationship between the inferior alveolar nerve canal and the tooth roots. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: the intervention group received PRF placement within the extraction socket, whereas the control group received no adjunctive material. The incidence of postoperative paresthesia was evaluated on the seventh day following surgery using the light-touch sensory test.Normality was assessed via the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and group comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U-test, Pearson's chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test (α = 0.05).A total of 100 participants were enrolled in the study, comprising 67 females and 33 males, with a mean age of 23.78 ± 3.49 years. There were no statistically significant differences in age or sex distribution between the PRF and control groups (p = 0.464 and p = 0.832, respectively). Postoperative paresthesia was observed in 8% and 2% of patients in the control and PRF groups, respectively; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.117).The findings of this study indicate that PRF did not significantly reduce the incidence of paresthesia following mandibular third molar extraction. Nonetheless, the results underscore the importance of further research to elucidate PRF's potential role in neurosensory recovery and postoperative outcomes.

The potential of gypsum chips containing chlorhexidine (CHX) as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis has not yet been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop gypsum chips containing CHX as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis.Gypsum chips were prepared with water-to-powder (w/p) ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6. The 0.4 ratio, which exhibited the highest flexural strength, was selected for CHX incorporation at 0, 10, and 20% (Gyp-CHX 0, 10, and 20%). Microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting time was measured with a Vicat needle, and flexural strength with a universal testing machine. CHX release was quantified using UV-vis spectroscopy for up to 7 days, degradation by weight loss, and antibacterial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis by inhibition zone testing.The results suggested that the 0.4 w/p ratio showed the highest flexural strength (17.88 MPa). Incorporation of CHX reduced crystal size (8.17 µm at 10% and 4.84 µm at 20%), prolonged setting time (18.23 minutes in control vs. 61.11 and 75.95 minutes), and decreased flexural strength (6.52 and 4.30 MPa). Both Gyp-CHX 10 and 20% exhibited sustained release with an initial burst, progressive degradation over 7 days, and antibacterial activity, while no inhibition was observed in the control.CHX-loaded gypsum chips demonstrated sustained release and antibacterial activity, indicating potential as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis despite reduced mechanical strength.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of supportive therapy using a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and hyaluronic acid (HA) gel on the wound-healing process during inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling/maturation phases following tooth extraction.Forty-five white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five treatment groups after the left mandibular central incisor was extracted. The experimental groups were treated with HA gel, probiotic L. reuteri gel, a combination of HA gel and L. reuteri gel, and povidone-iodine (PVP-I). The negative control group was treated with sterile tampons. Tissue samples were collected on days 3, 7, and 14 post-tooth extractions and analyzed histologically using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to evaluate neutrophil numbers, neovascularization, and epithelial thickness.Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 29. Inter-rater reliability was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), followed by normality and homogeneity tests. For normally distributed data, parametric hypothesis testing was conducted using one-way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). The post hoc least significant difference test was used to observe significant differences between the groups.Significant differences in neutrophil numbers, neovascularization, and re-epithelialization were found between the negative control and combination group (p < 0.05) on days 3, 7, and 14.HA and L. reuteri combination therapy is effective in accelerating wound healing after tooth extraction.