European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

Objective:  The mechanical stimulation known as orthodontic mechanical force (OMF) causes biological reactions in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) needs pro-inflammatory cytokines to trigger bone resorption in OTM; nevertheless, heat shock protein-10 (HSP-10), a "Alarmin" cytokine, should control these pro-inflammatory cytokines to get the best alveolar bone remodeling (ABR). Moringa oleifera L. nanosuspension extract (MONE) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ABR-stimulating properties. The aim of the study was to examine in vivo HSP-10 and HSP-70 expressions under OMF following MONE application in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Material and methods:  A total of 36 Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) were split up into eight groups: one for treatment (OMF + MONE) and one for control (OMF + MONE administration for days 1, 7, 14, and 21). By employing nickel-titanium coil springs and using 10 g of light force per millimeter to implant the orthodontic device, the OMF was completed. According to the day of observation, all of the samples were sacrificed. To perform an immunohistochemistry investigation, the premaxilla of the sample was isolated. Tukey's Honest Significant Different (HSD) test (p < 0.05) was performed after an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis of the data.

Results:  In both the OMF and MONE groups, HSP-70 peaked on day 14 and began to fall on day 21. HSP-10 peaked on day 21, but along with MONE, it also began to progressively decline on days 14 and 21, with significant differences (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:  According to immunohistochemistry evidence, postadministration of MONE markedly elevated HSP-10 but lowered HSP-70 expression in the alveolar bone of Wistar rats under OMF.

Objective:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing type of oral cancer, representing poor prognosis and elevated mortality rates. Major risk factors for OSCC include the use of tobacco products, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, and genetic mutation. Goniothalamus umbrosus is traditionally consumed by cancer patients to fight against tumor growth. To date, research on the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in oral cancer remains deficient. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and compare its cytotoxic activity on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines.

Material and methods:  Leaves of G. umbrosus were cleaned, air dried, ground, and soaked for 24 hours with methanol and hexane repeatedly three times, respectively. Pooled extracts of each solvent were then dried with a rotary evaporator. Anticancer potential of G. umbrosus extracts was evaluated on two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and a normal HGF cell line incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed as a positive control. Morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope.

Results:  MTT assay revealed that G. umbrosus methanol extract (GUME) displayed moderate anticancer activity on SCC-15, HSC-3, and HGF cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 126.67, 90.5, and 87.33 µg/mL following 72 hours' incubation times, respectively. G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) exerted moderate anticancer activity against SCC-15 and HSC-3 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 171 and 174 µg/mL, respectively, but weak cytotoxicity against the HGF cell line with IC₅₀ value of 343.5 µg/mL. Cisplatin exerted a strong cytotoxic impact on both OSCC and HGF cell lines. Morphological observation revealed the characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis.

Conclusion:  The findings show that GUHE was more selective in inhibiting the proliferation of oral cancer cells than GUME by exerting moderate cytotoxicity on OSCC cell lines and weak cytotoxicity in HGF cells, while GUME exerted moderate cytotoxicity on both. These findings suggest a more targeted anticancer effect by GUHE as compared with cisplatin, which exerted nonselective cytotoxic activity. These findings provide a groundwork for the development of more targeted plant-based treatment for oral cancer.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of apical preparation size and preparation taper on smear layer removal using a metallic needle and a new polymer needle (IrriFlex, Produits Dentaires SA "PD," Vevey, Switzerland).

Materials and methods:  One hundred and eight single-rooted teeth with one canal were randomly divided into four groups according to the preparation and irrigation needle used: G1-30, 0.04 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G2-25, 0.06 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G3-30, 0.04 and metallic needle (n = 25); and G4-25, 0.06 and metallic needle (n = 25). All groups received the same final irrigation protocol and sonic activation. Each tooth was sectioned and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Statistical analysis:  Data were statistically analyzed by using one-way and two-way analysis of variance on ranks with a significance level at p = 0.05.

Results:  For all groups, there was significantly higher smear layer in the apical third (p < 0.001) compared with the coronal and middle thirds. The 25, 0.06 preparation demonstrated better cleaning efficiency than the 30, 0.04 preparation throughout the canal when irrigated with a metallic needle; however, there were no significant differences in the middle and apical thirds when IrriFlex was used. There were also no differences of smear layer removal between G1 and G3 and G2 and G4 in the coronal part. In the middle and apical parts, G1 showed better elimination of smear layer compared with G3. There were slight differences in the middle third between G2 and G4, while G2 showed less cleaning efficiency compared with G4 in the apical third (p = 0.022).

Conclusion:  All groups showed less smear layer in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal compared with the apical third. The 25, 0.06 preparation was more effective in removing smear layer compared with the 30, 0.04 preparation. IrriFlex improved irrigation in the 30, 0.04 preparation, while its efficacy was less evident in the 25, 0.06 preparation.

This reported case represents the first well-documented mandibular surgical ciliated cyst, following orthognathic surgery consisting of a combination of Le Fort I bimaxillary and sagittal osteotomy concomitantly with genioplasty, reported in a Brazilian patient. A case of 43-year-old female presenting a mandibular surgical ciliated cyst after 16 years of an orthognathic surgery, consisting of a combination of Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty, is reported. The cystic lesion was enucleated, and the histopathological analysis showed a cystic cavity lined by pseudostratified columnar respiratory-type epithelium presenting ciliated and mucous cells supported by fibrous connective tissue without inflammation. The diagnosis established was a mandibular surgical cilited cyst. Then, for diagnosis of mandibular surgical ciliated cyst is essential the association of clinical/imagological and histopathological features with the patient' past history showing evidence of previous surgery in the mandible concomitant with the maxilla.

Objective:  This study compares the color change of non-vital anterior teeth after laser-activated bleaching and conventional walking bleaching technique.

Materials and methods:  Sixty extracted teeth were endodontically treated, stained in a black tea solution, and the baseline shade was measured using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade, VITA). Bleaching was done using either: internal bleaching with 35% H₂O₂ (Opalescence Endo) and then tooth sealed for 5 days (Gr1), 35% H₂O₂ (JW Next) for 7 minutes (Gr2), internal and external bleaching for 7 minutes (Gr3), diode laser-activated internal bleaching for 30 seconds (940 nm, continuous wave, 2 W, noncontact mode, 300 um, non-initiated tip), wait for 7 minutes, second laser application for 30 seconds, tooth sealed for 5 days (Gr4), diode laser-activated internal bleaching for 24 hours (Gr5), or diode laser-activated internal and external bleaching for 24 hours (Gr6) (n = 10). The color change (ΔE₀₀) was measured and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc test (a = 0.05). The inner dentin of the samples was inspected using scanning electron microscopy.

Results:  All the tested bleaching techniques were able to change the color. All the laser-activated bleaching protocols, namely, Gr4, Gr5, and Gr6, showed higher mean ΔE₀₀ values than the non-laser-activated bleaching Gr2 and Gr3 (p < 0.05) and were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to the control group Gr1. Laser-activated bleaching caused surface modification and dentinal tubule opening.

Conclusion:  All the tested laser-activated bleaching protocols showed faster and more efficient color change, comparable to the conventional 5-day walking bleaching protocol.

Objectives:  This article compared the accuracy, reproducibility, and gap of crowns resulting from variations in print angulation of three-dimensional (3D)-printed VarseoSmile Crown^plus (VS) and milled resin-ceramic hybrid materials (Cerasmart 270, CS, and Enamic, E).

Materials and methods:  A total of 60 specimens, consisting of VS printed at four different angulations (30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees), along with CS and E were investigated. External and internal accuracy and reproducibility were measured with the 3D deviation analysis. External and internal gaps were measured with the silicone replica technique. The results were analyzed using Welch's one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 post hoc comparison at p ≤ 0.05.

Results:  Across all groups, external and internal accuracy were 0.55 to 20.02 μm and external and internal reproducibility were 0.05 to 0.69 μm. Overall external accuracy was not significant (p = 0.063), whereas significance was noted in overall internal accuracy and reproducibility among groups (p < 0.001). External and internal gaps were 33.76 to 93.11 μm. Statistically significant differences were found in internal and external gaps among groups (p < 0.001), with milled crowns demonstrating larger internal and smaller external gaps than 3D-printed crowns. Within the 3D-printed group, statistically, 90-degree angles exhibited the smallest external and internal gaps.

Conclusion:  Both milled and 3D-printed methods achieved clinically acceptable accuracy, reproducibility, and gap dimensions, offering viable options for hybrid ceramic crown restoration. Among 3D-printed crowns, the 90-degree printing angle group exhibited satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility, alongside the best internal and external fit.

Objective:  Continuous advancements in composite resin materials have revolutionized and expanded its clinical use, improving its physical and mechanical properties. Attaining and retaining surface texture and gloss are crucial for the long-term durability of the composite resin material. This study investigated the supra-nanospherical filler composite material compared with different composite resin materials immersed in different beverages. The study evaluated their surface roughness and subsequent adhesion of bacteria.

Materials and methods:  A total of 144 specimens were made, using Teflon mold from different composite materials. Eighty-four specimens were used for surface roughness testing, using four different resin composite materials, Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Multichrome (Harvard Dental, Germany), Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE, Minnesota, United States), and Palfique LX5 (Tokuyama Dental Corporation, Taitō-Ku, Tokyo, Japan; n = 21). They were further subdivided into three subgroups according to the immersion solution (n = 7) for Monster, Gatorade, and deionized water, which served as the control group. Surface roughness values were tested via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Then, for biofilm testing the bacterial count was performed on the remaining 60 composite specimens from the four tested composite materials (n = 15), that were subdivided randomly based on the immersion solutions into three subgroups (n = 5).

Statistical analysis:  Data were collected and statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test with Bonferroni's correction (p ≤ 0.05). The intergroup comparison showed a significant difference among different composite materials (p < 0.05), with the Multichrome showing the highest roughness values. Also, there was a significant difference between all composite materials with different beverages, with Palfique LX5 showing the lowest average roughness (Ra) values. All studied materials' average surface roughness, however, remained below the crucial Ra value of 0.2 μm. For the bacterial count, there was a significant difference between different materials in different beverages (p < 0.05), with Z350 XT and Palfique LX5 showing the lowest bacterial count.

Conclusion:  Supra-nanospherical composite (Palfique LX5) exhibited better resistance to different beverage challenges regarding surface roughness, while nanohybrid composite (Z350) showed the least bacterial adherence.

Objectives:  Orthodontic bracket bond failure is an obstacle in clinical orthodontics. This study investigated the influence of pH cycling on the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and survival probability of adhesive-precoated flash-free ceramic brackets.

Materials and methods:  Forty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into two groups (n = 20): C: noncoated orthodontic brackets, and F: flash-free adhesive-precoated orthodontic brackets. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to storage medium solutions (n = 10): in subgroup AS, specimens were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours, and in Subgroup ASL, specimens were recycled between a demineralizing solution and an artificial saliva for 42 days. Within each subgroup, specimens were subjected to SBS and ARI testing. SBS data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Tukey's post-hoc test. Weibull analysis was performed on the SBS data to determine the characteristic SBS and their survival probabilities.

Results:  Flash-free adhesive-precoated brackets had higher significant (p < 0.001) SBS values in both the AS group (17.74 ± 1.74 MPa) and the ASL group (12.61 ± 1.40 MPa) compared with the noncoated bracket (10.67 ± 1.55 and 7.89 ± 1.39 MPa, respectively). The ARI scores for the noncoated brackets in the AS group were 70% occurrence for score 1, while 90% for score 1 in the ASL group. For the flash-free precoated brackets, ARI scores were 70% occurrence for score 2 in the AS group, while 80% for score 2 in the ASL group. Flash-free brackets had higher SBS in both AS and ASL groups (14.07 and 9.76 MPa, respectively), at 95% survival probability.

Conclusion:  Flash-free orthodontic brackets performed better in terms of significantly higher bond strength and higher ARI scores. Meanwhile, noncoated brackets revealed acceptable SBS results in both storage medium groups. Flash-free brackets showed higher survival than the noncoated brackets in both storage medium groups at 90% survival probability.

Despite the global prevalence of dental caries, there is a paucity of comprehensive data on the extent of this issue among children in the Arab region. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the associated Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) indices in permanent teeth among children from 4 to under 18 years of age in the Arab region. A comprehensive review of various studies was conducted. Studies were searched across eight different electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. The random effects (RE) model was used for analysis, allowing variation in effect sizes across studies.The RE model suggested a high caries prevalence rate of 72.62% (with a 95% confidence interval of 65.3%-78.89%), suggesting a large burden of dental caries in this population pertaining to permanent teeth. The I ² score was 99.0%, showing high heterogeneity among the investigations. The mean DMFT score was found to be 1.675 (with a 95% confidence interval of 0.5519-2.7980), indicating of substantial dental health concerns. Surprisingly, the I ² value for DMFT scores was 0.0%, demonstrating no detected heterogeneity among the trials. The study highlights a high prevalence of dental caries and significant DMFT scores among children in the Arab region, signaling an urgent public health concern. The lack of heterogeneity in DMFT scores across studies, despite high caries prevalence, suggests potential limitations in the DMFT indices' ability to capture the full severity of dental caries. Further research is needed to refine these tools and fully understand the burden of dental caries in this population.

Objectives:  The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of sagittal skeletal pattern on mandibular movement (MM) during sleep in growing orthodontic populations. The secondary objective was to compare MM according to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) status.

Materials and methods:  This cross-sectional study included subjects between 6 and 17 years old, presenting with class I, II, and III skeletal patterns and no previous history of orthodontic treatment. A wireless sensor connected to the patient's chin before bedtime and removed the next day was used to record MM signals. The signals were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm to measure sleep and MM outcomes. MM variables included percentage change in waveform prominence (%), variance in peak prominence, mean prominence values, length of events (seconds), respiratory rate per minute, dominant frequency, and amplitude of dominant frequency. The obstructive respiratory disturbance index determined from the sensor was used to confirm OSA status.

Results:  There was no statistically significant difference in MM variables between class I, II, and III subjects. When compared according to OSA status, the amplitude of dominant frequency was significantly higher in the OSA than the non-OSA group (p = 0.005). When evaluated according to both skeletal classification and OSA status, the class I OSA subjects showed a higher median value than the non-OSA class I group (p = 0.016).

Conclusion:  Within the limits of this study, the sagittal skeletal pattern had no effect on the respiratory MM. This study did not find a correlation between craniofacial pattern and MM and OSA.