European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

The stress distribution of teeth with periapical lesions, which are used as abutments in fixed prostheses, and its effect on the success of the restoration are not well known. This study investigates stress distribution in abutment teeth with periapical lesions and surrounding tissues under occlusal load using finite element analysis.Three models were constructed: (1) a healthy mandibular premolar, (2) a premolar with a periapical lesion restored using a fiber post and single crown, and (3) a similar premolar used as an abutment for a three-unit bridge. A static load of 300 N was applied at a 45-degree angle to the tooth's long axis, targeting the lingual slope of the buccal cusp. Stress and deformation were analyzed across all structural components, including dental tissues and the surrounding trabecular bone.The results demonstrated that, in model 2, stress propagation extended more prominently along the root surface and progressed apically, resulting in a higher stress concentration in the periapical lesion region (0.061 MPa) when compared with model 3 (0.054 MPa). Furthermore, the greatest deformation was also observed in model 2. Across all models, peak stress was consistently localized in the cervicobuccal collar region of the tooth.These findings underline the importance of prosthesis design in reducing the stress concentration in abutment teeth with periapical lesions and demonstrate the biomechanical advantage of splinted restorations over single crowns in cases with periapical lesions.

This research investigated the association between levels of salivary free amino acids (glycine and proline) and caries susceptibility in healthy children versus children with active caries, to inform future strategies for the detection and prevention of pediatric dental caries.The study had a case-control design and was conducted with 80 healthy children (8-10 years old) recruited from private and governmental primary schools in the Rusafa of Baghdad city, Iraq, classified according to their level of caries activity (active caries, n = 40; inactive caries, n = 40) based on their caries experience and Snyder test results. Then, unstimulated whole saliva was collected for amino acid analysis performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.Statistical analysis was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test for symmetric distribution of the quantitative variable, the independent t-test was utilized for making comparisons, and Pearson's correlation was used to verify if there is a linear relationship between two quantitative factors that are normally distributed.Glycine was the most abundant amino acid in the saliva, followed by proline from 113 components identified in the saliva. Glycine levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with the active caries group, regardless of gender differences. On the contrary, a significant positive correlation was established between increased levels of salivary proline (p < 0.05) and the active caries group.The higher salivary glycine and proline levels may serve as potential biomarkers for assessing caries susceptibility and informing preventive strategies.

The aim of this article is to quantitatively assess the amount and distribution of residual filling after retreatment of root canals obturated with a bioceramic sealer using three obturation techniques: single-cone technique (SCT), warm vertical compaction (WVC), and cold lateral compaction (CLC).Forty-two mandibular premolars were prepared up to size F4 and randomly assigned to SCT, WVC, or CLC (n = 14/group). All canals were obturated with a bioceramic sealer. After storage for 15 days at 37 °C, retreatment was performed using the ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) without solvent. Roots were sectioned longitudinally, and residual fillings in coronal, middle, and apical thirds were quantified using stereomicroscopy and analyzed with ImageJ. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients.Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare residual filling percentages among the three techniques, followed by pairwise comparisons with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.No statistically significant differences were observed among the three obturation techniques in the percentage of remaining fillings (p = 0.0657). SCT exhibited the highest percentage of residuals (86.31 ± 14.49%), and CLC the lowest (62.66 ± 31.90%). All techniques exhibited a progressive increase in residuals toward the apical third.None of the obturation techniques allowed complete removal of bioceramic-based fillings after retreatment with PTUR. Although differences were not statistically significant, CLC was associated with the lowest amount of residuals, whereas SCT exhibited the highest. The apical third remained the most challenging region to clean across all techniques.

Dental caries and periodontitis are among the most prevalent oral diseases, primarily caused by Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Metabolites from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) expressing human β-defensin 4 exhibit antimicrobial effects. Chitosan-based hydrogels and hydroxyapatite (HA) have also shown antibacterial potential. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydrogels combined with SHED metabolites and HA against oral pathogens using amicroculture tetrazolium technique (MTT)-based colorimetric assay.Hydrogels were combined with SHED metabolites and/or HA, then applied to bacterial cultures. Viability was assessed via MTT assay and absorbance was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader.Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch ANOVA (p < 0.05).The group treated with hydrogel + HA + SHED metabolites (K4) showed the lowest bacterial viability across all strains, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).Hydrogels combined with SHED metabolites and HA demonstrate promising antibacterial properties and may serve as effective agents in preventing oral infections.

Honey and propolis, recognized for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties, have gained attention as potential adjuncts in dental implantology. This systematic review aimed to assess and summarize existing evidence regarding the antibacterial, healing, and osseointegration effects of honey- and propolis-based agents when used in dental implant therapy, and to evaluate their impact on implant success and survival. A systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines across the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases up to June 2025. Eligible studies included clinical trials, animal experiments, and in vitro investigations that utilized honey or propolis in procedures related to dental implants. Assessed outcomes encompassed implant success, antimicrobial activity, osseointegration, tissue healing, and biocompatibility. Risk of bias was evaluated using appropriate assessment tools, and the results were synthesized descriptively. Fifteen studies were included (3 clinical, 6 animal, and 6 in vitro studies). Honey and propolis demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus mutans, supported bone healing, reduced oxidative stress, and exhibited biocompatibility. Honey-based surface coatings enhanced antibacterial effects and osteogenic responses. Clinical studies have reported improvements in peri-implant parameters with propolis gels and toothpaste; however, the evidence remains limited, and most studies carried a moderate risk of bias. Overall, these agents exhibit promising antibacterial, healing, and osseointegration effects in preclinical research; however, their impact on dental implant outcomes remains uncertain, necessitating more robust clinical trials.

This article aims to compare the osteogenic along with anti-inflammatory activity of different concentrations of pomegranate extract (PG) on human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro.hPDLSCs were acquired from the root surface of removed molars, cultured, and then distinguished by flow cytometry analysis and several lineage differentiation potentials. To identify the effect of PG on hPDLSCs' viability, an MTT assay was performed. hPDLSCs were maintained in osteogenic induction medium with varying concentrations of PG. At the end of the induction period, osteogenesis was assessed using Alizarin Red staining, ALP assay, and qRT-PCR to determine the expression of OPG, RUNX2, Ki67, and TNF-α.All experiments were conducted in triplicate, and data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was performed to assess statistical significance at a threshold of p < 0.05.The results of the MTT assay demonstrated that 100 mg/mL PG had significantly lower cell viability than the other concentrations. Statistical analysis of the ALP enzyme activity was mostly pronounced at 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL concentrations, while it was least pronounced at 50 mg/mL. PCR revealed that the group treated with a 6.25-mg/mL concentration exhibited significantly elevated expression rates of RUNX2, OPG, and Ki67 in contrast with the control group. Conversely, the 50-mg/mL concentration group demonstrated the lowest expression levels. Regarding TNF-α, the 50-mg/mL concentration group showed the greatest expression levels compared with the control group and all other concentrations.The data indicate that low concentrations of PG could enhance osteogenic differentiation and exert anti-inflammatory effects on hPDLSCs. These dual actions suggest that PG, at optimized doses, may serve as a promising natural agent for periodontal regeneration and bone tissue engineering. Future studies are warranted to evaluate its clinical potential in regenerative medicine.

Most of the pollution inside a dental clinic comes from the external environment; therefore, the location of the building affects the air quality, as well as the work activity and the type of natural or mechanical ventilation. In the dental sector, pathologies caused by pollutants are increasing, mainly because of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding the potential effects of all environmental pollutants, and particularly the long-term effects on healthcare workers. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, without time limits, resulting in a total of 155 scientific articles. After the removal of the duplicates, 86 single papers remained for further analysis. The titles of these articles were manually reviewed to include relevant references related to the presence of indoor pollutants in the air of dental clinics. Following this screening process, 10 studies were identified as relevant to the topic of the systematic review. Seven scientific articles were selected to be included in this review. The seven experimental studies reported various air pollutants related to diseases affecting dental health. In particular, the levels of volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, and temperature were analyzed in a university dental clinic. Levels of environmental pollutants are much higher during working hours, particularly during dental procedures such as prosthetic and conservative dentistry, due to the chemical nature of the materials used. However, no study reported exceeding the limits set by national environmental regulations. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, the variety of molecules, the variety of clinical facilities and their geographical location subject to different regulations, as well as the variety of measurement methods, including the variety of traditional and/or technological ventilation systems used in dental departments, a meta-analysis was not performed. Despite the limitations of this systematic review, it was possible to identify some key points that are useful for further in vivo studies aimed at developing specific guidelines to protect health care workers.

The moisture-tolerant resin-based sealant Embrace WetBond (EWB), designed for effective bonding in moist conditions, offers a promising solution for caries prevention in challenging clinical environments. This study aimed to evaluate and compare its retention rate and caries-preventive efficacy in newly erupted permanent molars under two distinct clinical settings.This split-mouth randomized controlled trial assessed EWB sealant under moisture-controlled and non-moisture-controlled conditions in schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years with bilateral, non-cavitated molars. A total of 37 participants (112 teeth; 56 per group) were randomized, each serving as their own control. Sealant retention, caries prevention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, color match, and smoothness of surface were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months using modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test to compare retention rates and sealant performance over time.A total of 37 children (56 teeth per group) were included, with balanced baseline characteristics due to the split-mouth design. At 12 months, sealant retention significantly declined in both groups (Group I: 96.4% at 1 month to 49% at 12 months; Group II: 96.4 to 54.9%; p < 0.001), though no significant differences were observed between groups (p > 0.05). Caries incidence was minimal, with only 2% of teeth affected at 12 months in each group. Apart from retention, no other parameters showed significant deterioration over 12 months.Pit and fissure sealants demonstrated similar effectiveness in preventing occlusal caries under both moisture-controlled and non-moisture-controlled conditions over 12 months. Their comparable performance in limited moisture-controlled settings highlights their suitability for real-world clinical practice and public health programs.

Alveolar osteitis (AO), commonly referred to as dry socket, is a frequent postoperative complication following tooth extractions. It is characterized by acute pain and delayed healing caused by disrupted blood clots and inflammation. Traditional treatments, such as irrigation and medicated dressings, have shown inconsistent success rates. Recently, herbal products have gained attention for their holistic approach in managing AO through their pharmacological properties. This study aimed to comprehensively overview recent clinical studies using herbal products in the treatment of AO. This study also discussed its phytochemical properties, and AO-related pharmacologic action of each herbal product. A literature review was conducted on the databases, consisting of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The articles published from 2010 to 2024 were searched using key terms related to AO. Eight recent articles investigating the clinical efficacy of clove, turmeric, aloe vera, black cumin, and olive oil were selected according to eligible criteria. The findings revealed that these herbal products possess significant therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, as well as wound-healing enhancement, contributing to improved clinical outcomes in AO management. Herbal products represent a promising alternative or adjunctive approach for the treatment of AO. Their therapeutic potential not only alleviates symptoms but also addresses underlying biological processes essential for tissue regeneration. Further research is recommended to establish standardized protocols and dose standardization, since most herbal products vary in bioactive concentration.

Oral health problems can have a significant impact on people's quality of life, negatively affecting the most disadvantaged populations. The prison population compared with the general population has a higher risk of developing oral health problems. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between prisoners' oral health status and their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 103 male prisoners aged between 18 and 70 years. Participants underwent an intraoral clinical examination and responded to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 and sociodemographic questionnaires.The sample mean age was 42.7 ± 9.6 years. The impacts of oral health on quality of life were assessed using the OHIP-14, which presented a mean score of 13.16 ± 11.79. The highest prevalence of impact on oral health was observed in the domains of psychological discomfort (29.6%), followed by physical pain (24.3%). It was observed that 68.0% of the individuals had caries lesions. The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Permanent Teeth Index (DMFT) was 16.88 ± 8.56, and the component with the highest weight was the number of missing teeth, with a mean value of 13.00 ± 8.44.In terms of assessing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), it was observed that the higher the value of the different periodontal indices, as well as the number of missing teeth, the worse the quality of life in relation to oral health. Therefore, it is necessary to create measures to promote oral health and self-care.