European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

The aim of this article is to quantitatively assess the amount and distribution of residual filling after retreatment of root canals obturated with a bioceramic sealer using three obturation techniques: single-cone technique (SCT), warm vertical compaction (WVC), and cold lateral compaction (CLC).Forty-two mandibular premolars were prepared up to size F4 and randomly assigned to SCT, WVC, or CLC (n = 14/group). All canals were obturated with a bioceramic sealer. After storage for 15 days at 37 °C, retreatment was performed using the ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) without solvent. Roots were sectioned longitudinally, and residual fillings in coronal, middle, and apical thirds were quantified using stereomicroscopy and analyzed with ImageJ. Intra-examiner reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients.Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare residual filling percentages among the three techniques, followed by pairwise comparisons with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.No statistically significant differences were observed among the three obturation techniques in the percentage of remaining fillings (p = 0.0657). SCT exhibited the highest percentage of residuals (86.31 ± 14.49%), and CLC the lowest (62.66 ± 31.90%). All techniques exhibited a progressive increase in residuals toward the apical third.None of the obturation techniques allowed complete removal of bioceramic-based fillings after retreatment with PTUR. Although differences were not statistically significant, CLC was associated with the lowest amount of residuals, whereas SCT exhibited the highest. The apical third remained the most challenging region to clean across all techniques.

Dental caries and periodontitis are among the most prevalent oral diseases, primarily caused by Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Metabolites from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) expressing human β-defensin 4 exhibit antimicrobial effects. Chitosan-based hydrogels and hydroxyapatite (HA) have also shown antibacterial potential. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydrogels combined with SHED metabolites and HA against oral pathogens using amicroculture tetrazolium technique (MTT)-based colorimetric assay.Hydrogels were combined with SHED metabolites and/or HA, then applied to bacterial cultures. Viability was assessed via MTT assay and absorbance was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader.Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch ANOVA (p < 0.05).The group treated with hydrogel + HA + SHED metabolites (K4) showed the lowest bacterial viability across all strains, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).Hydrogels combined with SHED metabolites and HA demonstrate promising antibacterial properties and may serve as effective agents in preventing oral infections.

This article assesses the dental and skeletal changes resulting from correction of a deep bite using Invisalign clear aligner therapy (Align Technology, Santa Clara, California, United States).This is a retrospective case series study that analyzed pre- and posttreatment cephalograms for 37 adult deep bite patients. Each patient was treated by one experienced clinician using the same treatment protocol. Ten linear and 9 angular variables were evaluated pre- and posttreatment. The Wilcoxon analysis was used to determine if there was a significant difference in the 19 variables pre- and posttreatment.Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for 14 of 19 variables. These included a decrease in overjet (-1.0 mm), decrease in overbite (-4.1 mm), extrusion of the upper first molar (+0.5 mm), intrusion of the upper incisor (-0.6 mm), extrusion of the lower second molar (+1.0 mm), lower first molar (+1.2 mm), lower second premolar (+1.70 mm), and lower first premolar (+1.7 mm), intrusion of the lower incisor (-1.8 mm), proclination of lower incisor (+4.1 degrees), and an increase in sella-nasion- mandibular plane (+0.6 mm). A decrease in anterior occlusal plane was also significant.Invisalign is an effective treatment modality for correcting dental deep bites through posterior extrusion and anterior intrusion. Minimal skeletal changes are seen when correcting deep bites with Invisalign. Results of this study enhance our understanding of the dental and skeletal changes that can be expected when attempting to correct deep bites with clear aligner therapy.

Implant surface topography significantly influences cell behavior, including macrophages and bone cell interactions. The polarization of macrophages, key immune cells, is influenced by implant surface characteristics. This research aimed to examine periodontal ligament mesenchymal stromal cells (PDL MSCs) responses to the polarized macrophages induced by titanium surface roughness.RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured with various surface roughness of titanium disks. Macrophage adhesion and polarization were evaluated by scanning electron microscope, gene expressions profiling, and flow cytometry. PDL MSCs were treated with conditioned medium of macrophages and analyzed with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Alizarin red staining.Data was statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 for Windows 11. The one-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the groups. Dunn post hoc test was used to compare the difference between the groups when appropriate. Significance was accepted when p < 0.05.Medium surface roughness (Ti-MR) consistently inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 gene expressions (p < 0.001) and upregulated transforming growth factor-β, vascular epithelial growth factor, and IL-10 expressions (p < 0.01). Confirmatory flow cytometry analysis showed consistent results, with Ti-HR and Ti-MR exhibiting the highest population of CD163+ cells (99.1 and 90.7%, respectively), while Ti-LR exhibited the lowest M1/M2 ratio (0.93). Furthermore, treatment of RAW 264.7 conditioned medium increased osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, collagen type-1 A-1 chain, osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor-2, and bone sialoprotein gene expressions and calcium deposition (p < 0.01).Titanium implant surface topography influences macrophage polarization and osteogenic differentiation of PDL MSCs, with Ti-MR being the most effective in polarizing macrophages toward M2 and inducing optimal osteogenic responses from PDL MSCs.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a universal health concern, with CBD- 28k (calbindin-D28k) being 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent calcium-binding protein, playing a role in kidney function. Renal dialysis may alter calbindin-D28k levels, impacting oral health and periodontal health. Understanding these impacts is crucial for managing CKD. This study aimed to explore the potential of salivary calbindin-D28k as a predictor of oral health in subjects with CKD.This case-control study involved 200 individuals aged 24 to 77 years, out of which 100 were undergoing CKD treatment. Biochemical parameters were recorded, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth and periodontal scores were noted after clinical examination. Salivary calbindin-D28k level was estimated by immunosorbent assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A two-tailed test of p-value of < 0.05 was used to determine statistics.Demographic parameters showed a significant age and gender difference between the groups. Significant variation in the level of hematological and biochemical parameters between the groups was observed. Renal function test and liver function test levels varied significantly in CKD patients. Notable difference in the level of salivary calbindin-D28k levels and periodontal scores revealed poor oral health. The best cutoff value for calbindin-D28k was obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve indicating a risk of poor oral health in CKD subjects. Additionally, salivary calbindin-D28k levels and oral health showed significant association and correlation.The current research findings suggest that monitoring salivary calbindin-D28k levels could serve as an important predictor of oral health in CKD subjects highlighting the importance of complete oral health management in subjects with CKD.

This study aimed to examine the wear on opposing enamel caused by additive manufacturing techniques for cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys. Selective laser melting (SLM) techniques were compared with conventional methods. Cast nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloys were also included for comparison.Four groups of dental alloys were examined (n = 10/group): as-built SLM Co-Cr (CS), heat-treated SLM Co-Cr (CS-H), cast Co-Cr (CC), and cast Ni-Cr (NC) alloys. Surface roughness and hardness of these alloys were initially assessed. Wear test was conducted against human enamel cusps using a chewing simulator (49-N load, 1.6-Hz frequency). Volumetric and vertical enamel wear were measured at 60,000, 120,000, and 240,000 chewing cycles using an intraoral scanner combined with open-source 3D software.Enamel wear was analyzed using a generalized estimating equation (α = 0.05).Alloy hardness varied among the groups. NC exhibited the lowest hardness, followed by CS, CC, and CS-H. Throughout the entire test, no significant differences in enamel wear were observed among CS, CS-H, and CC. However, NC caused lower enamel wear than the other groups, with a more pronounced difference observed after 120,000 chewing cycles.SLM is a promising alternative for manufacturing Co-Cr alloys used in fixed dental prostheses, as it exhibited comparable enamel wear to conventional casting. Moreover, optimized heat treatment enhanced the hardness of SLM-fabricated alloys without increasing enamel wear. However, it is noteworthy that Co-Cr alloys fabricated by any techniques resulted in higher enamel wear than Ni-Cr alloys.

A 29-year-old woman with midline deviation (maxillary dental midline was shifted 4.3 mm to the right side) and unsightly anterior veneers placed by an unlicensed dental professional, resulting in poor esthetic outcomes. Clinical findings included incorrect occlusion, asymmetric gingival contours, and overcontoured veneers. A multidisciplinary treatment strategy was created to rectify midline deviation and restore esthetics. This included the expertise of orthodontists, periodontists, endodontists, and restorative professionals. The patient underwent a series of treatments, starting with orthodontic realignment to correct occlusion and midline deviation, followed by periodontal intervention to address asymmetric gingival contours, and finally, restorative procedures involving facially directed zirconia veneers. Posttreatment, the dental midline was realigned toward the facial flow line, significantly improving smile symmetry and occlusal function. The patient reported high satisfaction with the outcome, particularly regarding the harmony between her dental and facial features. This case highlights the effectiveness of a digitally driven, interdisciplinary approach to correct complex esthetic issues following poor dental restorations. Three-dimensional facial scanning, in combination with orthodontic, periodontal, endodontic, and restorative treatments, provided precise and predictable results, leading to a highly successful outcome and improved patient satisfaction.This technique has the following advantages: · Enables facially guided planning by integrating 3D facial and intraoral scans for natural smile harmony.. · Improves precision and efficiency in crown lengthening using digital mock-ups and temporary crowns as surgical guides.. · Supports minimally invasive veneer placement with accurate fit and better esthetics through a fully digital workflow..

Dental caries is the most common oral disease, often resulting from complex and multifactorial interactions among cariogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and host factors. Prevention is essential for reducing its incidence and can be achieved by maintaining a balanced diet and practicing good oral hygiene. Early detection of initial carious lesions, such as enamel demineralization, is essential for preventing progression and enabling effective management. Currently, there are various methods available for detecting dental caries, ranging from simple visual inspections to advanced imaging techniques, along with fluorescent and electrical detection methods, which are also instrumental in identifying lesions before they advance to more severe stages. Management strategies for enamel demineralization can vary from conservative methods, such as the use of remineralizing agents, to more invasive treatments. Herein, this article provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging approaches for preventing, detecting, and managing enamel demineralization for health care providers to take proactive steps toward improving oral health.

Hydrogel-based, gypsum, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) bone scaffolding materials and antibacterial extracts from cinnamaldehyde herbal ingredients are a combination of smart materials that are abundant and environmental friendly. That component is a promising candidate for bone scaffold material. This prototype has been designed as an injectable paste that is easy to apply, fills in bone and dental defects, and quickly polymerizes with the help of ultraviolet (UV) light. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of adding cinnamaldehyde to injectable gypsum-CaCO₃ hydrogel paste that has undergone UV light polymerization for biodegradable implant material.A composite material was synthesized named Cia by a combination of gelatin, gypsum, CaCO₃, and cinnamaldehyde compound assisted by UV light polymerization. An in vitro and in vivo quasi-experiments were conducted in this study, including material characterization and testing. Material characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and scanning electron microscope. Material testing examined the swelling ratio and degradation rate. Antibacterial activity was performed as in vitro testing undergone Streptococcus sanguinis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Data were analyzed statistically using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). A total of 21 male Wistar rats were used in vivo study. A femoral condyle was chosen as a hard tissue representative of the jaw. Tissues were then stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory staining observed under a light microscope to identify the tissue regeneration and implant remaining.Synthesized material that is added by cinnamaldehyde could be an implant material for inducing tissue regeneration.

To validate the use of panoramic radiographs and morphometric parameters in forensic odontology for accurate and efficient gender determination in the specific socio-cultural context of the Pakistani population.A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomograms from 130 individuals aged between 16 and 30 years, sourced from a radiology department. The study included comprehensive measurements of mandibular indices such as condylar height, coronoid height, and antegonial depth. Measurements were made using Image J software. The indices were analyzed through univariate, multivariate, and best models to assess their effectiveness in gender prediction. Statistical analysis included independent samples t-test, binary logistic regression, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate threshold values, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for each index.Independent samples t-test was used to compare the means of indices with gender. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of male gender, and ROC analysis was used to calculate threshold values, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.Univariate analysis revealed that most indices, except for the gonial angle, showed significant differences between genders. The multivariate model stated the condylar height and coronoid height as a significant predictor. The best model confirmed condylar height, coronoid height, antegonial depth, and the inferior border of the mental foramen as reliable indices for male gender determination. The ROC demonstrated that the distance from the mean inferior border to the lower border of the mandible had the highest AUC of 82%, indicating strong predictive power.The study confirmed the effectiveness of specific mandibular measurements in gender determination within the Pakistani population. Condylar height, coronoid height, antegonial depth, and the inferior border of the metal foramen are consistently significant predictors across various models. Further research with a larger population sample is recommended.