European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

This study aims to measure the effect of the lateral cutting efficiency of reciprocating and rotary NiTi files on the produced intracanal splitting forces (ICSF) during root canal preparation.Forty-eight mandibular anterior bovine teeth with straight roots were used to create 48 simulated premolar roots and 26 enamel-dentin disks. The required sample size was determined through power analysis conducted with G^*Power 3.1.9.7 software, utilizing data from preliminary studies. Based on a large effect size (0.8), significance level of 0.05, and statistical power of 80%, the analysis indicated a need for at least 21 specimens per group for splitting force evaluation and 10 specimens for cutting efficiency assessment. To maintain sufficient statistical power and accommodate possible sample attrition, the study employed 24 specimens per group for splitting force analysis and 13 specimens for cutting efficiency evaluation. The investigation examined two file systems with comparable heat treatment but distinct kinematics, geometries, and designs to assess the intracanal stress forces generated during preparation and their respective cutting abilities in dentin discs. The tested instruments were WaveOne-Gold (WOG) and Pro-Taper GOLD (PTG). Random allocation was performed using a computer-generated randomization sequence (Random.org). Specimens were numbered consecutively and assigned to groups using block randomization to ensure equal group sizes. Tests were carried out on a custom-made platform under automated conditions. The data collected by the force gauge is in newtons (N), and the cutting efficiency was calculated by measuring the depth of cut produced in dentin in mm. Data analysis was carried out with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way Anova.The splitting forces test was significantly higher in the PTG group (S1) file when compared to other PTG and WOG files. The force generated in WOG strokes presented an ascending manner as the file went deeper apically. The cutting efficiency of PTG (F2) was significantly higher than WOG's primary file. However, no significant correlation between splitting force and file cutting efficiency was detected.WOG single reciprocating file produced significantly lower splitting force values with significantly less aggressive dentin cutting compared to PTG multi-sequence rotary files. File design, kinematics, depth of strokes, and the maximum diameter of each file at the coronal third in relation to canal diameter may be influencing factors in generating splitting forces.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of nanoparticle saltwater fish powder on amelogenin expression and FABP-3 levels in fetal mice, with the goal of enhancing enamel density and supporting tooth mineralization. To date, this relationship has not been clearly explained in previous studies.This randomized experimental study involved 16 pregnant mice, divided into two groups: control and treatment. The treatment group received nanoparticle saltwater fish powder (2.14 mg/mL) orally three times daily, while the control group received distilled water. On gestational day 18, placental and fetal jaw tissues were collected. Amelogenin and FABP-3 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while enamel density was assessed using micro-computed tomography (µCT).Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and presented as mean ± SD. Group differences were tested using an independent t-test; results were considered significant at p < 0.05.IHC analysis revealed significantly increased amelogenin expression in the treatment group receiving nanoparticle saltwater fish powder (4.34 ± 3.26) compared to the control group (0.49 ± 0.40), with a p-value of 0.005. FABP-3 expression was also significantly higher in the treatment group (2.26 ± 0.85) than in the control (1.50 ± 0.40), with a p-value of 0.038. µCT imaging displayed differences in enamel density between the treatment group (228.73 ± 5.31) versus the control (220.75 ± 5.95), with a p-value of 0.022.Nanoparticle saltwater fish powder modulates amelogenin expression during enamel secretion and enhances FABP-3 expression, suggesting potential benefits for promoting enamel development through nutritional interventions. Moreover, µCT analysis revealed an increase in the mean enamel density.

Pediatric dental stress is a common barrier to effective treatment, often resulting in behavioral management challenges and long-term avoidance of dental care. Wearable technology, such as smart watches capable of measuring heart rate variability (HRV), may offer real-time, noninvasive tools to assess stress in clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate physiological stress responses in children undergoing different dental procedures by analyzing HRV across treatment phases.Eighty children aged 5 to 10 years (mean age = 7.2 ± 1.6 years) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: dental hygiene, dental restorations with anesthesia, restorations without anesthesia, and sealant application. Stress levels were measured using Garmin smart watches that analyze HRV and convert the data into a stress score from 0 to 100. Stress was recorded at three time points-beginning, during, and end of the procedure-for a total of nine measurements per patient. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of treatment type and phase, along with post hoc tests and linear regression to assess age-related stress variation.While the type of treatment alone did not significantly influence stress levels, stress varied significantly across treatment phases (p = 0.0249), with a strong interaction between treatment and phase (p = 0.0004). Post hoc analyses revealed that dental hygiene led to a significant reduction in stress over time (p < 0.05), whereas restorations with anesthesia caused a significant increase in stress during the procedure (p = 0.0011). No significant changes were observed for restorations without anesthesia and sealant application. Age was inversely correlated with stress (p = 0.0003), although it explained only a small proportion of variance (R ² = 0.0527).The study confirms that pediatric dental stress is influenced by both the procedure type and the treatment phase. Smart watches represent a practical tool for monitoring stress in real time. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring behavior management strategies to the procedure and the patient's age, promoting individualized and stress-reducing approaches in pediatric dental care. From a clinical perspective, wearable stress monitoring can assist pediatric dentists in real-time identification of anxiety peaks, allowing timely behavioral adjustments and potentially improving treatment outcomes and patient cooperation.

In-house printing of clear aligners (CAs) may represent a new revolution in CA therapy, providing a solution for the several limitations associated with indirect manufacturing. This study compared the changes in surface roughness and light transmittance (T%) of directly printed (DP) and thermoformed (TF) CAs after exposure to in vitro aging and different cleaning methods.A total of 48 aligners were fabricated using either multilayer thermoplastic polyurethane (CA Pro + , Scheu Dental; Iserlohn, Germany) or direct three-dimensional-printed resin (Tera Harz TC-85, Graphy; Seoul, Korea). CAs were aged in vitro (thermocycling and artificial saliva) and cleaned for 14 days with the following methods: Polident tablets, an electric toothbrush, Pril dish soap, an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and distilled water. Subsequently, alterations in surface roughness and T% were investigated using atomic force microscopy and spectrophotometry, respectively. This study was conducted from January to July 2025 at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, with additional laboratory work at the University of Technology/Ministry of Science and Technology.Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc tests (Tukey's honestly significant difference or Games-Howell).Compared with the DP aligners, the TF aligners presented greater T% under all conditions, with the highest T% in the as-received condition. The TF and DP aligners showed the lowest T% in ultrasonic cleaning and control conditions, respectively. When excluding the as-received group, most cleaning methods showed statistically significant differences in T%. The surface roughness of the TF aligners was consistently lower than that of the DP aligners, with significant differences observed between the Polident and control groups.Cleaning methods altered the optical and morphological properties of both aligners. Customized cleaning methods are required for CAs.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies of head and neck cancer associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates. While conventional treatment modalities are effective in eliminating cancer cells, they frequently result in adverse side effects. Research continues to explore plant-based therapeutics with selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Goniothalamus umbrosus is traditionally used among medicinal folks and has shown potential in its anticancer properties. This study aims to explore the role of G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) in inducing apoptosis by elucidating its mechanism of action in OSCC (HSC-3) while comparing its effect on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells.The expression of proapoptotic gene (Bax) and antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) in HSC-3 and HGF cell lines that had been pretreated with GUHE was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The activity of caspase-3 protein was quantified by ELISA assay.RT-qPCR analysis revealed that GUHE significantly upregulated the Bax expression by 1.69-fold and downregulated Bcl-2 expression by 42% in the HSC-3 cell line. The activity of caspase-3 protein was significantly increased in HSC-3 treated with GUHE. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes and caspase-3 protein activity was not significantly modulated in GUHE-treated HGF.GUHE selectively induced apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in the HSC-3 cell line without being detrimental to the HGF cell line. This highlights its promising effect as a targeted therapeutic agent for OSCC therapy.

Prostatitis is the most prevalent urological condition in young adult men and may progress to prostate cancer, representing a significant public health concern. A high prevalence of inflammatory prostate disorders exists without a clearly identifiable cause. This article aimed to investigate the potential association between periodontal status and prognosis in men diagnosed with prostatitis and to evaluate whether oral health influences urological treatment outcomes.A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted on 172 adult patients with prostatitis who provided written informed consent. Participants were assigned to two groups based on bleeding index (BI): Group A (GA, n = 84), BI >7%, and Group B (GB, n = 88), BI ≤7%. All subjects underwent comprehensive periodontal assessment and nonsurgical periodontal therapy, with follow-up at 30 and 120 days.At baseline, GA showed significantly greater probing depths on proximal surfaces and higher BI values than GB (p < 0.01). Posttreatment, BI improved significantly in both groups, although GA maintained higher residual bleeding (p = 0.002). Mean posttreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels did not differ significantly between groups; however, PSA decreases occurred more frequently in GB (61.5%) than in GA (28.6%, p = 0.039), while PSA increases were more common in GA (57.1% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.005). Overall, 29.4% of patients exhibited lower PSA levels after periodontal therapy.While no direct association was found between periodontal status and absolute posttreatment PSA values, healthier periodontal conditions were linked to more favorable PSA trends. These findings suggest that periodontal health may contribute to PSA stability in men with prostatitis. Larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify potential mechanistic links between oral and prostatic inflammation.

This study aimed to evaluate untouched canal areas, canal transportation, and centering ability of WaveOne Gold, R-Motion, and Reciproc Blue systems with different apical sizes and tapers using micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis.Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars with single curvature were selected and assigned to three groups (n = 10): WaveOne Gold (25/.07v and 35/.06v), R-Motion (25/.06 and 40/.04), and Reciproc Blue (25/.08v and 40/.06v). All canals were prepared in two sequential stages with small and then larger instruments of the same system. Micro-CT scans were performed before, between, and after instrumentation. Reconstructed images (NRecon v.1.6.10, Bruker) were used to assess untouched canal walls, canal transportation, and centering ratio at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apex.Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test and paired t-tests were applied (α = 5%).Preoperative canal volume and surface area showed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). All systems demonstrated similar shaping performance regarding untouched areas, transportation, and centering ability in both preparation stages (p > 0.05). A significant reduction in untouched canal walls was observed after the second preparation stage in all groups (p < 0.05).Despite similar shaping outcomes among systems, the second preparation stage significantly reduced untouched canal walls, supporting its potential role in improving root canal cleaning efficacy.

This article evaluates the feasibility of manufacturing customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed hydroxyapatite (3DHA) bone block grafts using binder jetting for alveolar ridge augmentation prior to implant placement.Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the alveolar ridge from eight patients with horizontal ridge defects were converted to STL files to generate 3D models. These models were used to design and fabricate patient-specific 3DHA bone block grafts using binder jetting. The 3D-printed grafts underwent micro-CT (μCT) scanning, generating μSTL files, which were compared with the original computer-aided design models using inspection software. Dimensional accuracy in three axes (x, y, z) and discrepancies between the 3DHA grafts and ridge defect geometries were assessed. The 3DHA grafts were clinically evaluated for effectiveness in augmenting alveolar ridge defects.Percentage relative differences between the original STL files and those from μCT were -2.72, -7.24, and -3.26% for width, length, and height, respectively. Root mean square deviation was 0.19 ± 0.04 mm overall, -0.22 ± 0.25 mm for the margin area, -0.08 ± 0.18 mm for the inner area, and 0.03 ± 0.11 mm for the contour. Mean gap distances at the defect site were 0.19 ± 0.22 mm (marginal) and 0.37 ± 0.12 mm (internal), which are within clinical acceptable ranges. Clinical application showed no need for intraoperative graft adjustment. At 6 months postaugmentation, bone volume increased from 164.4 ± 37.87 mm³ (initial μCT) to 169.2 ± 39.38 mm³ (follow-up CBCT), though this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.0538). The mean dimensional change was 0.30 ± 0.14 mm.In this pilot study, 3DHA bone block grafts demonstrated acceptable dimensional accuracy and were successfully used for alveolar ridge augmentation, indicating their potential for patient-specific applications.

The objective of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to verify the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) compared with other treatments in controlling gingival inflammation in patients undergoing treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. An electronic search was performed in six databases and gray literature through clinical trials. The outcome of interest was the decrease in gingival inflammation, microbiological culture, and inflammatory cytokines. We conducted a random and fixed effects Bayesian NMA based on the smallest residual effect using mean difference and its credibility intervals (CI) as effect measures for the different outcomes. Six randomized clinical trials (RCTs; 173 patients) were included. It was demonstrated that treatment with PDT (MD, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.05) was more effective in reducing the Gingival Index compared with ultrasound (US). PDT + US treatment was superior or similar compared with US (MD, -0.36; 95% CI, -0.87 to 0.14) for decreasing Tannerella forsythia. In NMA, all treatments had very low certainty, demonstrating a lack of certainty regarding efficacy. The CI crossed the null effect line for treatments on the outcomes of Plaque Index, Gingival Bleeding Index, and Porphyromonas gingivalis; in probing depth, this occurred for the PDT-US treatment (0.15: -0.09, 0.38), and Fusobacterium nucleatum, except for the PDT-US treatment (0.65: 0.0, 1.29), demonstrating very serious inaccuracy. We conclude with very low certainty that there is no strong evidence to support PDT in this treatment. The patient can benefit from either US or PDT.

Candida species are common oral commensals that can become opportunistic pathogens under specific conditions. Most research centers on medically compromised individuals, leaving a gap in understanding oral colonization patterns in healthy populations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of oral conditions and dental restorations on salivary candidal load in healthy individuals.Ninety-seven participants were divided into five groups based on the oral environment as follows: Group 1: participants with healthy mucosa and restoration-free teeth; Group 2: participants with dental fillings, conventional crowns, and fixed partial dentures; Group 3: removable dentures and appliances-positive control; Group 4: participants with tongue-coating abnormalities. Group 5: participants with partially erupted third molars. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for Candida species using culture methods and colony-forming units per milliliter (CFUs/mL). Candida albicans (C. albicans) was present in 49.5% of samples, predominantly in Group 2 (73.7%). Non-albicans Candida (NAC) was detected in 67% of samples, exhibiting minimal intergroup variation. Age, gender, ethnicity, plaque, and calculus scores significantly influenced the growth of C. albicans and NAC, with older males and Asians exhibiting higher fungal loads. Group 2 demonstrated a significant increase in C. albicans CFUs (10 × ) compared with the negative control. NAC load (CFUs/mL) was notably higher in participants with impacted molars. Age, oral health, and sociodemographic factors were key predictors of salivary C. albicans and NAC loads, with worse oral hygiene correlating to increased NAC growth.This study highlights the impact of the oral environment on the salivary Candidal load in disease-free populations, in particular. The presence of complex fillings, crowns, or fixed partial dentures has the most significant impact on C. albicans loads. However, the impacted molar has the most significant effect on NAC. The growth of both C. albicans and NAC was affected by the age, socioeconomic status, and oral hygiene status of the patient. Recognizing the colonization patterns in these individuals can aid in selecting restorative materials and preventive measures to reduce colonization and excessive salivary carriage. Further research is needed to explore the long-term implications of these findings on oral and systemic health.