European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

This article aims to compare the osteogenic along with anti-inflammatory activity of different concentrations of pomegranate extract (PG) on human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro.hPDLSCs were acquired from the root surface of removed molars, cultured, and then distinguished by flow cytometry analysis and several lineage differentiation potentials. To identify the effect of PG on hPDLSCs' viability, an MTT assay was performed. hPDLSCs were maintained in osteogenic induction medium with varying concentrations of PG. At the end of the induction period, osteogenesis was assessed using Alizarin Red staining, ALP assay, and qRT-PCR to determine the expression of OPG, RUNX2, Ki67, and TNF-α.All experiments were conducted in triplicate, and data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was performed to assess statistical significance at a threshold of p < 0.05.The results of the MTT assay demonstrated that 100 mg/mL PG had significantly lower cell viability than the other concentrations. Statistical analysis of the ALP enzyme activity was mostly pronounced at 6.25 and 12.5 mg/mL concentrations, while it was least pronounced at 50 mg/mL. PCR revealed that the group treated with a 6.25-mg/mL concentration exhibited significantly elevated expression rates of RUNX2, OPG, and Ki67 in contrast with the control group. Conversely, the 50-mg/mL concentration group demonstrated the lowest expression levels. Regarding TNF-α, the 50-mg/mL concentration group showed the greatest expression levels compared with the control group and all other concentrations.The data indicate that low concentrations of PG could enhance osteogenic differentiation and exert anti-inflammatory effects on hPDLSCs. These dual actions suggest that PG, at optimized doses, may serve as a promising natural agent for periodontal regeneration and bone tissue engineering. Future studies are warranted to evaluate its clinical potential in regenerative medicine.

Most of the pollution inside a dental clinic comes from the external environment; therefore, the location of the building affects the air quality, as well as the work activity and the type of natural or mechanical ventilation. In the dental sector, pathologies caused by pollutants are increasing, mainly because of methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding the potential effects of all environmental pollutants, and particularly the long-term effects on healthcare workers. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases, without time limits, resulting in a total of 155 scientific articles. After the removal of the duplicates, 86 single papers remained for further analysis. The titles of these articles were manually reviewed to include relevant references related to the presence of indoor pollutants in the air of dental clinics. Following this screening process, 10 studies were identified as relevant to the topic of the systematic review. Seven scientific articles were selected to be included in this review. The seven experimental studies reported various air pollutants related to diseases affecting dental health. In particular, the levels of volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, and temperature were analyzed in a university dental clinic. Levels of environmental pollutants are much higher during working hours, particularly during dental procedures such as prosthetic and conservative dentistry, due to the chemical nature of the materials used. However, no study reported exceeding the limits set by national environmental regulations. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, the variety of molecules, the variety of clinical facilities and their geographical location subject to different regulations, as well as the variety of measurement methods, including the variety of traditional and/or technological ventilation systems used in dental departments, a meta-analysis was not performed. Despite the limitations of this systematic review, it was possible to identify some key points that are useful for further in vivo studies aimed at developing specific guidelines to protect health care workers.

The moisture-tolerant resin-based sealant Embrace WetBond (EWB), designed for effective bonding in moist conditions, offers a promising solution for caries prevention in challenging clinical environments. This study aimed to evaluate and compare its retention rate and caries-preventive efficacy in newly erupted permanent molars under two distinct clinical settings.This split-mouth randomized controlled trial assessed EWB sealant under moisture-controlled and non-moisture-controlled conditions in schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years with bilateral, non-cavitated molars. A total of 37 participants (112 teeth; 56 per group) were randomized, each serving as their own control. Sealant retention, caries prevention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation, color match, and smoothness of surface were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months using modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analysis included the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Friedman test to compare retention rates and sealant performance over time.A total of 37 children (56 teeth per group) were included, with balanced baseline characteristics due to the split-mouth design. At 12 months, sealant retention significantly declined in both groups (Group I: 96.4% at 1 month to 49% at 12 months; Group II: 96.4 to 54.9%; p < 0.001), though no significant differences were observed between groups (p > 0.05). Caries incidence was minimal, with only 2% of teeth affected at 12 months in each group. Apart from retention, no other parameters showed significant deterioration over 12 months.Pit and fissure sealants demonstrated similar effectiveness in preventing occlusal caries under both moisture-controlled and non-moisture-controlled conditions over 12 months. Their comparable performance in limited moisture-controlled settings highlights their suitability for real-world clinical practice and public health programs.

Alveolar osteitis (AO), commonly referred to as dry socket, is a frequent postoperative complication following tooth extractions. It is characterized by acute pain and delayed healing caused by disrupted blood clots and inflammation. Traditional treatments, such as irrigation and medicated dressings, have shown inconsistent success rates. Recently, herbal products have gained attention for their holistic approach in managing AO through their pharmacological properties. This study aimed to comprehensively overview recent clinical studies using herbal products in the treatment of AO. This study also discussed its phytochemical properties, and AO-related pharmacologic action of each herbal product. A literature review was conducted on the databases, consisting of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The articles published from 2010 to 2024 were searched using key terms related to AO. Eight recent articles investigating the clinical efficacy of clove, turmeric, aloe vera, black cumin, and olive oil were selected according to eligible criteria. The findings revealed that these herbal products possess significant therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, as well as wound-healing enhancement, contributing to improved clinical outcomes in AO management. Herbal products represent a promising alternative or adjunctive approach for the treatment of AO. Their therapeutic potential not only alleviates symptoms but also addresses underlying biological processes essential for tissue regeneration. Further research is recommended to establish standardized protocols and dose standardization, since most herbal products vary in bioactive concentration.

Oral health problems can have a significant impact on people's quality of life, negatively affecting the most disadvantaged populations. The prison population compared with the general population has a higher risk of developing oral health problems. The main objective of this study was to assess the relationship between prisoners' oral health status and their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 103 male prisoners aged between 18 and 70 years. Participants underwent an intraoral clinical examination and responded to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 and sociodemographic questionnaires.The sample mean age was 42.7 ± 9.6 years. The impacts of oral health on quality of life were assessed using the OHIP-14, which presented a mean score of 13.16 ± 11.79. The highest prevalence of impact on oral health was observed in the domains of psychological discomfort (29.6%), followed by physical pain (24.3%). It was observed that 68.0% of the individuals had caries lesions. The mean Decayed, Missing, and Filled Permanent Teeth Index (DMFT) was 16.88 ± 8.56, and the component with the highest weight was the number of missing teeth, with a mean value of 13.00 ± 8.44.In terms of assessing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), it was observed that the higher the value of the different periodontal indices, as well as the number of missing teeth, the worse the quality of life in relation to oral health. Therefore, it is necessary to create measures to promote oral health and self-care.

This randomized clinical trial compared patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in edentulous individuals rehabilitated with mandibular two-implant overdentures retained by bar-locator or bar-clip attachments.A total of 16 edentulous participants received two implants in the mandibular canine regions and were randomly assigned to receive overdentures with either bar-locator or bar-clip attachments. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS), and OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) after 3 months of functional use. Independent samples t-tests were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05.Comparisons between the two attachment groups were performed using the independent samples t-test, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. In addition to p-values, effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated to assess the magnitude and clinical relevance of intergroup differences.The bar-locator group reported significantly higher satisfaction regarding denture stability, retention, and masticatory efficiency, whereas the bar-clip group demonstrated greater overall comfort and lower psychological discomfort scores. No statistically significant differences were found in other domains of satisfaction or OHRQoL.Both attachment systems improved patient satisfaction and OHRQoL, with each demonstrating distinct advantages. The bar-locator system provided superior functional performance, while the bar-clip system enhanced comfort and psychosocial adaptation. Clinical selection should be based on patient priorities and anatomical conditions.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a critical periodontal pathogen implicated in biofilm maturation and inflammation in periodontitis. With growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, silver-based antimicrobial agents are emerging as promising alternatives. This minireview aims to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of various silver formulations, including silver nitrate (AgNO₃), silver diamine fluoride, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and glutathione-stabilized AgNPs (GSH-silver), specifically against F. nucleatum. A systematic literature search (1990-2024) across PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar identified five in vitro studies. Key outcome measures included minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), cytotoxicity, and proinflammatory responses. All formulations demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy, with 5 nm AgNPs showing the most potent effect (MIC = 25 µg/mL). Silver(I) carbohydrate complexes and GSH-silver showed enhanced efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. However, elevated proinflammatory cytokine release was noted with some formulations. Silver-based formulations exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum, but their inflammatory potential and cytotoxicity warrant further investigation. Future in vivo studies are needed to optimize dosing, assess tissue interactions, and validate the clinical safety of these silver-based formulations.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) mediates the link between γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) signaling and Wnt/β-catenin activation in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to evaluate whether tumor GSK-3β expression can predict cervical nodal metastasis.Forty patients diagnosed with primary HNSCC supplied paired specimens of normal, dysplastic, and tumor tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed for GABA-BR1/2, β-catenin, and GSK-3β. Nonparametric tests, Spearman's correlation, and multivariable logistic regression (adjusted for age, sex, T-stage, and site) were utilized to investigate clinicopathological associations. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to evaluate the predictive performance for metastasis.The expression of GABA-BR1/2 and nuclear β-catenin increased progressively from normal mucosa to dysplasia to carcinoma (all p < 0.001). A tumor GSK-3β score ≥ 6 independently predicted nodal metastasis after adjusting for standard clinicopathological variables (adjusted odds ratio = 8.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.9-39.6; p = 0.005), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84. While promising, this AUC should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size. Multivariate analysis confirmed functional interactions between the GABAergic and Wnt pathways.GSK-3β appears to integrate GABAergic and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may serve as a robust, independent biomarker of metastatic risk in HNSCC. Although preliminary, these findings support the potential clinical value of GSK-3β and warrant validation in larger, multicenter cohorts before considering its incorporation into risk stratification models or targeted therapeutic strategies.

This study aimed to compare the composition and diversity of the salivary microbiome in stunted and nonstunted children using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the relationship between nutritional status and oral microbiota.A total of 20 saliva samples were collected from children aged 6 to 10 years, comprising two groups: stunted (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10). Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Bioinformatics analysis included taxonomic assignment, calculation of relative abundance, α diversity (using Shannon and Simpson indices), β diversity (UniFrac-based principal coordinate analysis and permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA]), and differential abundance testing using the Mann-Whitney U test.The dominant phyla in both groups were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota, with Proteobacteria being more prevalent in the stunted group. At the genus level, Neisseria and Veillonella were more abundant in stunted children. Notably, Veillonella was significantly elevated in the stunted group (28.6%) compared with controls (14.9%, p = 0.0376). Alpha diversity indices revealed a higher diversity trend in the stunted group, although this difference was not statistically significant (Shannon, p = 0.130; Simpson, p = 0.762). Beta diversity analysis revealed no considerable clustering between groups (PERMANOVA p > 0.05), indicating moderate interindividual variability but no clear group separation.Children with stunted growth demonstrated distinct microbial signatures in their salivary microbiota, particularly in the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Veillonella, suggesting a potential link between chronic undernutrition and oral microbial dysbiosis. These findings underscore the need for additional studies to investigate the impact of nutritional status on oral and systemic health through the microbiome axis.

This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution of different restorative materials in Class V restorations under varying occlusal loads using finite element analysis.A three-dimensional model of the mandibular first premolar was prepared using computer-aided design (version 4.0 SR8, United States), MIMICS, and 3-MATIC software (3-Matic Medical 13.0, Materialise NV, Belgium). The ANSYS 16.0 (2020) program was used to calculate and evaluate the displacement and stress distribution under four different applied forces at the buccal cusp tip (0.4 mm, right angles), ranging from 100 to 250 N in a restored Class V cavity using (glass ionomer cement [GIC], Activa BioActive-Restorative, and Cention40).The stress values in the unrestored tooth increased progressively with the applied load, ranging from 49.23 MPa at 100 N to 123.15 MPa at 250 N. Stress concentrations in the GIC restoration were lower compared with the unrestored tooth at all load levels, with values starting at 35.00 MPa at 100 N and rising to 87.51 MPa at 250 N. Among the tested materials, Cention40 composite exhibited the lowest stress concentrations especially at 100 N (28.02 MPa), suggesting better performance under high-load conditions. Activa BioActive-Restorative showed favorable stress distribution but had slightly higher stress values compared with the other materials.Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in stress distribution among the materials (p = 0.202). There were statistically significant differences between loads in terms of stress (p = 0.004). Stress values increased significantly with higher occlusal loads for all groups (p < 0.05).All the restorative materials exhibited comparable stress distribution patterns. Load intensity is the dominant factor influencing stress distribution in Class V restorations.Load intensity was the dominant factor influencing stress distribution in Class V restorations, while the type of restorative material played a secondary role.