European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

This study aims to compare the regenerative effects of various by-products of human leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), including L-PRF exudate, concentrated PRF (C-PRF), and a mixture of the two, with hyaluronic acid (HA) specifically for interdental papillae reconstruction.The L-PRF was obtained by centrifuging 10 mL of human blood in a fixed-angle centrifuge at 2,700 rpm for 12 minutes. After centrifugation, the L-PRF layer was separated, and platelet and leukocyte counts were performed. An in vivo study was conducted using Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a modified open gingival embrasure (OGE) model for 7 days. Once the OGE was established, 20 µL of L-PRF exudate (n = 3), C-PRF (n = 3), a combination of L-PRF exudate and C-PRF (n = 3), HA (n = 3), and phosphate-buffered saline (n = 3) were injected 2 mm from the tip of the papillae using a 30G syringe. Clinical parameters, including OGE width and spring papilla distance (SPD), were observed on days 7 and 14. On day 14, histological observations included fibroblast count, blood vessel presence, epithelial width, and collagen density, while proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression was assessed immunohistochemically.The SPD on day 7, along with all histological and immunohistochemical data, were normally distributed and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's honestly significant difference test. In contrast, the Kruskal-Wallis' test was used to analyze the OGE width and SPD on day 14, which was not normally distributed.The cell counts indicated that most platelets and leukocytes were in the C-PRF layer. The L-PRF membrane by-product increased fibroblast proliferation more effectively than HA (p < 0.05). Only C-PRF significantly enhanced the vascularization and epithelialization of the papillae (p < 0.05). However, the observed cellular and molecular changes increased at day 7 postinjection and did not impact collagen density or interdental papilla height.The regenerative effect of C-PRF injection is superior to that of HA and other L-PRF by-products, as it promotes papillae regeneration by enhancing fibroblast activity, vascularization, and epithelialization. These findings show the potential impact of L-PRF by-products as a nonsurgical papillae reconstruction treatment.

Dental caries is an infectious disease that develops through biofilm. Streptococcus mutans is a cariogenic bacterium that can be found in dental plaque. Streptococcus mutans regulates biofilm formation and communicate with other microbes through a process called quorum sensing. Dental caries prevention can be achieved by inhibiting quorum sensing. This study aimed to investigate the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida albicans to inhibit the formation of S. mutans polymicrobial biofilms. This study aims to investigate the ability of biofilm formation analyzed through the crystal violet (CV) assay and bacterial metabolic activity analyzed through the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The bacteria used are S. mutans (serotype C), L. plantarum (FNCC 0020), and C. albicans.CV assay results show that in the presence of L. plantarum, biofilm formation in S. mutans decreases (9.5%). Meanwhile, the formation of S. mutans biofilms increased with the presence of C. albicans (28.8%). MTT assay results showed an increase in the metabolic activity of S. mutans in the presence of L. plantarum (20.2%) and C. albicans (19.4%). Lactobacillus plantarum can inhibit the formation of S. mutans biofilms, while C. albicans can increase S. mutans biofilms.

Implants are one of the common treatments in dentistry. This treatment has various complications such as inflammation around the implant, failure of the coating, and screw loosening. Several factors contribute to screw loosening, including abutment type and collar height. Therefore, this study aims to compare the amount of loosening in two types of abutments-InOcta and SynOcta abutments.In this laboratory study, 20 titanium fixtures of the Dentis brand were divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 10 fixtures. The fixtures were mounted vertically in acrylic blocks with dimensions of 20 × 6 × 10 mm. After installing the SynOcta and InOcta abutments, the screws were torqued to 30 N·cm and re-torqued after 10 minutes. Subsequently, the samples were transferred to a chewing simulator. A compressive force of 90 N was applied for 10,000 cycles at a frequency of 75 rpm. After loading, the torque required to loosen the screws was measured, and the loosening torque was calculated. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, and a significance level (p-value) of less than 0.05 was considered.The mean de-torque for the tissue level InOcta abutments was calculated to be 25.75 N.cm, while the mean de-torque for the SynOcta abutments was 21.98 N.cm. A comparison using the t-test showed that the mean de-torque for the InOcta abutment group was significantly higher than the SynOcta group (p < 0.001).The final results of the experiments indicate that under laboratory conditions, the de-torque of the abutment screw in the tissue level SynOcta group is significantly lower than that in the InOcta group (p < 0.001).

Malocclusion is an important dental health problem, especially in children. One factor causing malocclusion is the persistence of primary teeth, which genetic factors can influence. This study provides a new understanding of the role of genetics in causing malocclusion and its impact on preventive planning and orthodontic treatment.This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional research design. The research subjects were children of SD Pembangunan UNP Padang, Minangkabau tribe, aged 6 to 13 years, a total of 30 people, consisting of a case group and a control group. Saliva was collected using a nonstimulated method (passive salivation). The polymorphism of the RANKL rs9594738 gene was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Amplification results were analyzed via agarose gel electrophoresis to determine genotype. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test.RANKL rs9594738 gene polymorphism in the case group was higher than in the control group. The chi-square test shows an association between RANKL rs9594738 gene polymorphism and dental malocclusion due to the persistence of primary teeth.The data shows that the RANKL rs9594738 gene polymorphism is associated with dental malocclusion due to the persistence of primary teeth. The occurrence of malocclusion due to the persistence of primary teeth is a multigenetic phenomenon. In addition to the RANKL gene, osteoprotegerin, and matrix metalloproteinases, other genes that affect the replacement of primary teeth to permanent teeth are colony-stimulating factor 1, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, runt-related transcription factor 2, interleukin-1β, cathepsin K, sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone.

Sintering influences the optical properties of zirconia. This study examined the effect of altering sintering rates on color characteristics of 3, 4, and 5 mol% yttria (Y)-containing multilayer zirconia.A total of 135 specimens (width × length × thickness = 11.2 × 20 × 1.5 mm) were prepared from multilayer (cervical [C], middle [M], and incisal [I]) 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y zirconia, and randomly sintered at regular (RS: 10 °C/min), fast (FS: 35 °C/min), and speed (SS: 70 °C/min) sintering (n = 15/group). Translucency parameter (TP₀₀), contrast ratio (CR), opalescence parameter (OP), and color difference (∆E₀₀) were evaluated with the CIEL*a*b* system. Microstructure, crystalline (monoclinic [m], tetragonal [t], and cubic [c]) phases, and surface roughness (Ra) were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 3D-digital topography.ANOVA and Bonferroni comparisons were determined for significant differences (p < 0.05).Significant differences in TP₀₀, CR, OP, and ∆E₀₀ of zirconia types, layers, sintering rates, and their interactions were indicated (p < 0.05). Significant increases in TP₀₀ and ∆E₀₀, but decreases in CR and OP, upon rising the amount of Y (5Y > 4Y > 3Y), region (I > M > C), and speed sintering (SS > FS > RS) (p < 0.05) were observed. Nevertheless, the color alteration was within an acceptable threshold (∆E₀₀ ≤ 1.8); Ra values: 3Y > 4Y > 5Y. SEM indicated a larger grain for 5Y > 4Y > 3Y. XRD indicated higher t-phase in 3Y, whereas higher c-phase in 5Y.Increasing translucency and color alteration, and decreasing contrast and opalescence were influenced by Y content (5Y > 4Y > 3Y), region (I > M > C), and sintering rate (SS > FS > RS). Nonetheless, color alterations were within acceptable limits, suggesting the speed sintering rate to produce better color characteristics of restoration.

Mandibulofacial asymmetry can cause disharmony in facial appearance and smile and may also impair stomatognathic function and speech ability, negatively affecting psychological well-being and quality of life. This condition is also commonly associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mandibulofacial asymmetry and TMDs.This study conducted a cross-sectional study involving 42 patients (14 males and 28 females) aged 17 to 45 years. The diagnosis of TMDs was made using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, and facial asymmetry was assessed using frontal photography.The results showed that 76.2% of the patients with mandibulofacial asymmetry had a TMD. Statistical tests showed a relationship between mandibulofacial asymmetry and TMDs (p-value < 0.05).The TMD is closely related to mandibulofacial asymmetry. However, the relationship between mandibulofacial asymmetry and the specific categories of TMDs was not statistically significant, as determined by multinomial regression analysis.

Psychological factors and periodontitis are prevalent in geriatric populations, with evolving evidence suggesting potential associations. This systematic review comprehensively examines and evaluates the bidirectional relationship between psychological factors and periodontitis in older adults. Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The research question was structured using the PECO framework (P = older adults aged ≥ 60 years; E = presence of psychological factors; C = absence of psychological factors; O = periodontitis and its severity). Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria, followed by data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessed risk of bias and methodological quality, while the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework determined evidence certainty. Of 475 studies identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria for qualitative synthesis (8 on depression, 3 on stress, 1 on cognitive impairment, and 1 on examining multiple factors). For depression-periodontitis associations, results were inconsistent: four studies demonstrated positive associations, three found no significant relationship, and one had unclear findings. All three studies investigating stress-periodontitis relationships showed positive associations, suggesting a more consistent connection. The single study on cognitive impairment found significant independent associations with periodontitis after controlling for confounders. Only one longitudinal study (n = 11,454) revealed increased periodontitis risk at both 6-month and 1-year follow-ups in older adults with depression. Based on Newcastle-Ottawa Scale ratings, seven studies were deemed high quality, three moderate quality, and one low quality. GRADE assessment indicated very low certainty of evidence across all psychological factors, primarily due to methodological heterogeneity. This systematic review indicates significant associations between periodontal disease severity and psychological factors, particularly stress and cognitive impairment, in older adults. These findings suggest the importance of integrating psychological assessment into geriatric oral healthcare. More longitudinal research is needed to establish causality and bidirectional relationships, especially in middle- and low-income countries with a rapidly growing geriatric population. Mental health considerations should be incorporated into prevention and treatment strategies for periodontal disease in older adults.

Instruments are susceptible to deformation and/or fracture, which may represent a failure in endodontic treatment. This study assessed the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments through cyclic fatigue, buckling resistance, and 45° bending tests.One hundred and twenty rotary instruments were divided into three groups: Super Flexi Files Blue (SFB; 20/.04), TruNatomy Small (TN; 20/.04), and ProTaper Ultimate Shaper (PTU; 20/.04). They underwent cyclic fatigue tests at fixed and manufacturer-specified speeds, along with buckling and bending tests.SFB files exhibited the greatest cyclic fatigue resistance with the longest time to fracture and highest number of cycles to failure (NCF), followed by TN and PTU. For PTU and TN, reducing rotation speed increased time to fracture and NCF, while SFB showed reduced values with speed increase. TN exhibited the highest buckling resistance, whereas speed significantly affected cyclic fatigue resistance, with SFB being the most resistant overall. TN demonstrated notable buckling resistance and flexibility.The rotational speed significantly affects the resistance of instruments to cyclic fatigue and that the SFB file is the most resistant file to cyclic fatigue.

The new classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions (2018) includes definitions of the respective diseases, modifications, and new additions to the 1999 classification. The purpose of the study was to present the opinion and level of understanding of Greek dentists regarding the new classification and to determine the approach for its establishment.A questionnaire consisting of 26 multiple-choice questions was distributed to Greek dentists in paper or digital form.Data were collected, recorded using Microsoft Excel, and were analyzed with SPSS 29.0 (IBM, United States).A total of 203 questionnaires were collected (49.3% male/50.2% female; mean age 39.02 years). 36.8% of the participants exclusively practiced periodontology and 44.8% general dentistry. Seventy-one participants were members of the Hellenic Society of Periodontology (HSP). 58.9% used the old classification system, which is reported as preferred by 53.5% of HSP members. Also, 53.3% of participants characterized the new classification as difficult to be applied, 47.1% of whom were HSP members. The most frequent reason for not using it (63/133) was the convenience of the older system application. A statistically significant higher percentage of HSP members correctly answered the comprehension questions (diagnostic criteria and clinical cases) of the questionnaire (z-test with Bonferroni correction < 0.05). Note that 79.7% of the participants stated that they should improve their knowledge regarding the new classification, mainly through seminars/courses.Most Greek dentists appear not to implement the 2018 classification system due to reported difficulty in understanding, while recognizing the need to comprehend and apply it to their clinical practice.

The objective of this study was to investigate the complex network of inflammasome-related biomarkers (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 [NLRP3], caspase-1, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-18, and IL-37) in unstable periodontitis by examining the salivary concentrations of these specific biomarkers and correlating them with periodontal parameters.The design of this study was an observational case-control study. A salivary sample was collected from periodontally healthy patients (n = 40) and unstable periodontitis patients (n = 40). Full-mouth clinical periodontal parameters were recorded (plaque index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyzed NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 salivary levels.The normality of the data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Mean, standard deviation, and percentages were used for data description. An independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test were used to compare the two groups with a p-value of < 0.05. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between variables.In saliva samples, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were the highest in the periodontitis group (p < 0.005), while IL-37 was highest in the healthy group (p < 0.005). There was significant (p < 0.012) negative weak correlation (-0.395) between IL-37 and IL-1β, and significant (p < 0.003) negative moderate correlation (-0.455) between IL-37 and IL-18 in the healthy group. A significant (0.031) positive weak correlation (0.342) was found between the salivary IL-37 and NLRP3, and a significant (p < 0.001) negative moderate correlation (-0.508) was found between salivary IL-37 and IL-1β, in the periodontitis group.The NLRP3 inflammasomes and their cytokines (caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) significantly promote periodontal inflammation and tissue destruction. In contrast, IL-37 acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibiting the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome and reducing excessive inflammation. This interplay highlights the potential of targeting NLRP3 and enhancing IL-37 as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of periodontal disease.