European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

Objective:  This investigation aims to investigate the association between HIF-1α genetic polymorphism and periodontitis and examine and contrast the levels of HIF-1α present in the saliva of subjects afflicted with periodontitis and in the control group. Additionally, this study aims to establish diagnostic proficiency of this biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and disease.

Materials and methods:  This study entailed the collection of venous blood samples and unstimulated saliva samples from a total of 160 participants, encompassing 80 individuals diagnosed with periodontitis and 80 periodontitis-free individuals. The periodontal parameters were evaluated, involving the measurement of clinical attachment loss, the probing pocket depth, and the bleeding on probing percentage. Subsequently, genetic analysis of HIF-1α using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, DNA sequencing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays was conducted.

Results:  The genetic analysis of 352 bp of the HIF-1α gene revealed the presence of 66 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in control samples, whereas 78 SNPs were found in periodontitis sample. The nucleotide A was replaced with a C nucleotide at position 207 of the amplified PCR fragments. The homozygous AA pattern was predominant in the control group, with significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the homozygous CC pattern was more dominant in the periodontitis group, with significant differences between the two groups. The analysis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the comparison between the observed and the expected genotypes showed significant differences between the observed and the expected values in the control and periodontitis groups, as well as the total sample. The highest mean values of the measured periodontal parameters were found in the periodontitis group (clinical attachment loss = 4.759, probing pocket depth = 4.050, and bleeding on probing = 30.950) with statistically significant differences between the groups. The periodontitis group showed significantly higher salivary HIF-1α levels compared to control group (p < 0.001). Besides, HIF-1α is a good biomarker in distinguishing between periodontal health and periodontitis.

Conclusion:  rs1951795 SNP of HIF-1α has no significant impact on the progression of periodontitis and the salivary level HIF-1α. Periodontitis results in a notable elevation in HIF-1α salivary levels, with an outstanding diagnostic ability to distinguish between periodontitis and periodontal health.

Objectives:  This in vitro study investigated the effects of different postrinsing times and methods on the surface roughness, surface hardness, and degree of polymerization of materials manufactured via stereolithography (SLA).

Materials and methods:  A total of 288 disk-shaped specimens were manufactured using an SLA three-dimensional (3D) printer. The specimens were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 32) based on rinsing times and methods. The groups were categorized into three rinsing methods: automated, ultrasonic, and hand washing, with rinsing times of 5, 10, and 15 minutes using a 99% isopropanol alcohol as a solvent. Linear roughness (Ra) and area roughness (Sa) were measured using a 3D confocal laser microscopy; the roughness morphology was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy. Vickers hardness (VHN) tests were performed using a Vickers microhardness tester. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry was used to determine the degree of conversion of treated specimens.

Statistical analysis:  Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance. The post hoc Tukey tests were conducted to compare the differences between groups (p < 0.05).

Results:  The choice of the rinsing time and method affected the surface properties of the SLA photopolymer resin. The 15 minutes of ultrasonic method exhibited the highest Ra scores (0.86 ± 0.1 µm), while the 15 minutes of automated method presented the highest Sa scores (1.77 ± 0.35 µm). For the VHN test, the 15 minutes of ultrasonic method displayed the highest VHN score (18.26 ± 1.03 kgf/mm²). For the degree of polymerization, the 15 minutes of automated method was initially identified as the most effective (87.22 ± 6.80).

Conclusion:  To facilitate the overall surface roughness, surface hardness, and degree of polymerization, the optimal choice of postprocessing rinsing time and method for achieving a clear photopolymer resin was determined to be the ultrasonic method with a rinsing time of 15 minutes.

Objectives:  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the created roughness and cell attachment of intact teeth (C), obturated teeth with bioceramic (BR), or epoxy resin (AH) after root resection using piezoelectric ultrasonic and carbide bur.

Materials and methods:  Three groups of first mandibular premolars were used in the present study: control group (without any preparation or obturation) (C); second group was obturated with an epoxy resin sealer (AH, AH Plus Jet); and finally, the third one was obturated with a bioceramic sealer (BR, BioRoot RCS). All teeth were incubated for 4 months at 37°C. After that, the samples were sectioned using tungsten carbide bur or piezoelectric ultrasonic. Roughness and then cell attachment of periodontal ligament cells on the sectioned surfaces were investigated by profilometer and confocal microscope, respectively.

Statistical analysis:  Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results:  After root resection, no significant difference was found between the roughness among the three groups sectioned using the piezoelectric technique (p > 0.05). In contrast, concerning the sectioned samples by burs, C demonstrated a rougher surface compared with BR (p < 0.05). There was a significant higher cell attachment in BR compared with AH in the piezoelectric groups (p = 0.047), while no statistically significant difference was found between the groups sectioned with bur (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:  Dentists are now focused on the use of calcium silicate-based sealers due to their bioactivity. The present study advises dentists to use bioceramic sealer which could improve the dentin characteristics which ameliorate the cell attachment.

Objectives:  Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) is presumed to be able to stimulate the regeneration of skin and periodontal tissue. This effect can be attributed to the fact that PRGF contains fewer leukocyte-derived interleukins in comparison to platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, a comparison of the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cells has not been conducted yet. Therefore, our objective was to clarify and compare the effects of PRGF and PRP on gingival epithelial cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression.

Materials and methods:  PRGF and PRP were obtained from three donors. A complete medium containing bovine pituitary extract (BPE) and growth factors was used as a positive control (PC), while a medium without BPE was used as a negative control (NC). We evaluated the presence of platelets and leukocytes, as well as the number of leukocytes, in PRP and PRGF using the cell block method and a cell counting chamber. We assessed gingival epithelial cell proliferation with WST-1 and wound healing by using cell-free culture inserts. To examine the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is related to cell growth inhibition, and integrin β4, which contributes to cell adhesion, we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) under PRGF and PRP samples in vitro. The nonparametric data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results:  Large quantities of platelets were observed in both PRGF and PRP. The leukocyte concentration in PRGF was generally lower than that in PRP. Our report indicated that cell proliferation was significantly higher in PRGF than in PRP on day 1 and 2. We found that there was no significant difference in the wound closure rate between PRGF and PRP in comparison to their respective control groups. The quantitative RT-PCR revealed insignificant differences in mRNA expression as TNF-α and integrin β4 between PRGF and PRP in comparison to the each of their respective control groups.

Conclusion:  Our research indicated that PRGF can promote the proliferation of gingival epithelium more than PRP, contributing to the healing of periodontal tissue. TNF-α and integrin β4 mRNA expression may not be significantly involved in wound closure within the gingival epithelium under the influence of PRGF and PRP.

Objective:  The mechanical stimulation known as orthodontic mechanical force (OMF) causes biological reactions in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) needs pro-inflammatory cytokines to trigger bone resorption in OTM; nevertheless, heat shock protein-10 (HSP-10), a "Alarmin" cytokine, should control these pro-inflammatory cytokines to get the best alveolar bone remodeling (ABR). Moringa oleifera L. nanosuspension extract (MONE) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ABR-stimulating properties. The aim of the study was to examine in vivo HSP-10 and HSP-70 expressions under OMF following MONE application in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Material and methods:  A total of 36 Wistar rats (R. norvegicus) were split up into eight groups: one for treatment (OMF + MONE) and one for control (OMF + MONE administration for days 1, 7, 14, and 21). By employing nickel-titanium coil springs and using 10 g of light force per millimeter to implant the orthodontic device, the OMF was completed. According to the day of observation, all of the samples were sacrificed. To perform an immunohistochemistry investigation, the premaxilla of the sample was isolated. Tukey's Honest Significant Different (HSD) test (p < 0.05) was performed after an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis of the data.

Results:  In both the OMF and MONE groups, HSP-70 peaked on day 14 and began to fall on day 21. HSP-10 peaked on day 21, but along with MONE, it also began to progressively decline on days 14 and 21, with significant differences (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:  According to immunohistochemistry evidence, postadministration of MONE markedly elevated HSP-10 but lowered HSP-70 expression in the alveolar bone of Wistar rats under OMF.

Objective:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing type of oral cancer, representing poor prognosis and elevated mortality rates. Major risk factors for OSCC include the use of tobacco products, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, and genetic mutation. Goniothalamus umbrosus is traditionally consumed by cancer patients to fight against tumor growth. To date, research on the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in oral cancer remains deficient. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and compare its cytotoxic activity on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines.

Material and methods:  Leaves of G. umbrosus were cleaned, air dried, ground, and soaked for 24 hours with methanol and hexane repeatedly three times, respectively. Pooled extracts of each solvent were then dried with a rotary evaporator. Anticancer potential of G. umbrosus extracts was evaluated on two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and a normal HGF cell line incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed as a positive control. Morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope.

Results:  MTT assay revealed that G. umbrosus methanol extract (GUME) displayed moderate anticancer activity on SCC-15, HSC-3, and HGF cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 126.67, 90.5, and 87.33 µg/mL following 72 hours' incubation times, respectively. G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) exerted moderate anticancer activity against SCC-15 and HSC-3 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 171 and 174 µg/mL, respectively, but weak cytotoxicity against the HGF cell line with IC₅₀ value of 343.5 µg/mL. Cisplatin exerted a strong cytotoxic impact on both OSCC and HGF cell lines. Morphological observation revealed the characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis.

Conclusion:  The findings show that GUHE was more selective in inhibiting the proliferation of oral cancer cells than GUME by exerting moderate cytotoxicity on OSCC cell lines and weak cytotoxicity in HGF cells, while GUME exerted moderate cytotoxicity on both. These findings suggest a more targeted anticancer effect by GUHE as compared with cisplatin, which exerted nonselective cytotoxic activity. These findings provide a groundwork for the development of more targeted plant-based treatment for oral cancer.

This reported case represents the first well-documented mandibular surgical ciliated cyst, following orthognathic surgery consisting of a combination of Le Fort I bimaxillary and sagittal osteotomy concomitantly with genioplasty, reported in a Brazilian patient. A case of 43-year-old female presenting a mandibular surgical ciliated cyst after 16 years of an orthognathic surgery, consisting of a combination of Le Fort I osteotomy and genioplasty, is reported. The cystic lesion was enucleated, and the histopathological analysis showed a cystic cavity lined by pseudostratified columnar respiratory-type epithelium presenting ciliated and mucous cells supported by fibrous connective tissue without inflammation. The diagnosis established was a mandibular surgical cilited cyst. Then, for diagnosis of mandibular surgical ciliated cyst is essential the association of clinical/imagological and histopathological features with the patient' past history showing evidence of previous surgery in the mandible concomitant with the maxilla.

Objective:  This study compares the color change of non-vital anterior teeth after laser-activated bleaching and conventional walking bleaching technique.

Materials and methods:  Sixty extracted teeth were endodontically treated, stained in a black tea solution, and the baseline shade was measured using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade, VITA). Bleaching was done using either: internal bleaching with 35% H₂O₂ (Opalescence Endo) and then tooth sealed for 5 days (Gr1), 35% H₂O₂ (JW Next) for 7 minutes (Gr2), internal and external bleaching for 7 minutes (Gr3), diode laser-activated internal bleaching for 30 seconds (940 nm, continuous wave, 2 W, noncontact mode, 300 um, non-initiated tip), wait for 7 minutes, second laser application for 30 seconds, tooth sealed for 5 days (Gr4), diode laser-activated internal bleaching for 24 hours (Gr5), or diode laser-activated internal and external bleaching for 24 hours (Gr6) (n = 10). The color change (ΔE₀₀) was measured and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc test (a = 0.05). The inner dentin of the samples was inspected using scanning electron microscopy.

Results:  All the tested bleaching techniques were able to change the color. All the laser-activated bleaching protocols, namely, Gr4, Gr5, and Gr6, showed higher mean ΔE₀₀ values than the non-laser-activated bleaching Gr2 and Gr3 (p < 0.05) and were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to the control group Gr1. Laser-activated bleaching caused surface modification and dentinal tubule opening.

Conclusion:  All the tested laser-activated bleaching protocols showed faster and more efficient color change, comparable to the conventional 5-day walking bleaching protocol.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of apical preparation size and preparation taper on smear layer removal using a metallic needle and a new polymer needle (IrriFlex, Produits Dentaires SA "PD," Vevey, Switzerland).

Materials and methods:  One hundred and eight single-rooted teeth with one canal were randomly divided into four groups according to the preparation and irrigation needle used: G1-30, 0.04 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G2-25, 0.06 and IrriFlex (n = 25); G3-30, 0.04 and metallic needle (n = 25); and G4-25, 0.06 and metallic needle (n = 25). All groups received the same final irrigation protocol and sonic activation. Each tooth was sectioned and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Statistical analysis:  Data were statistically analyzed by using one-way and two-way analysis of variance on ranks with a significance level at p = 0.05.

Results:  For all groups, there was significantly higher smear layer in the apical third (p < 0.001) compared with the coronal and middle thirds. The 25, 0.06 preparation demonstrated better cleaning efficiency than the 30, 0.04 preparation throughout the canal when irrigated with a metallic needle; however, there were no significant differences in the middle and apical thirds when IrriFlex was used. There were also no differences of smear layer removal between G1 and G3 and G2 and G4 in the coronal part. In the middle and apical parts, G1 showed better elimination of smear layer compared with G3. There were slight differences in the middle third between G2 and G4, while G2 showed less cleaning efficiency compared with G4 in the apical third (p = 0.022).

Conclusion:  All groups showed less smear layer in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal compared with the apical third. The 25, 0.06 preparation was more effective in removing smear layer compared with the 30, 0.04 preparation. IrriFlex improved irrigation in the 30, 0.04 preparation, while its efficacy was less evident in the 25, 0.06 preparation.

Objectives:  This article compared the accuracy, reproducibility, and gap of crowns resulting from variations in print angulation of three-dimensional (3D)-printed VarseoSmile Crown^plus (VS) and milled resin-ceramic hybrid materials (Cerasmart 270, CS, and Enamic, E).

Materials and methods:  A total of 60 specimens, consisting of VS printed at four different angulations (30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees), along with CS and E were investigated. External and internal accuracy and reproducibility were measured with the 3D deviation analysis. External and internal gaps were measured with the silicone replica technique. The results were analyzed using Welch's one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett T3 post hoc comparison at p ≤ 0.05.

Results:  Across all groups, external and internal accuracy were 0.55 to 20.02 μm and external and internal reproducibility were 0.05 to 0.69 μm. Overall external accuracy was not significant (p = 0.063), whereas significance was noted in overall internal accuracy and reproducibility among groups (p < 0.001). External and internal gaps were 33.76 to 93.11 μm. Statistically significant differences were found in internal and external gaps among groups (p < 0.001), with milled crowns demonstrating larger internal and smaller external gaps than 3D-printed crowns. Within the 3D-printed group, statistically, 90-degree angles exhibited the smallest external and internal gaps.

Conclusion:  Both milled and 3D-printed methods achieved clinically acceptable accuracy, reproducibility, and gap dimensions, offering viable options for hybrid ceramic crown restoration. Among 3D-printed crowns, the 90-degree printing angle group exhibited satisfactory accuracy and reproducibility, alongside the best internal and external fit.