European Journal of Dentistry最新文献

Despite the global prevalence of dental caries, there is a paucity of comprehensive data on the extent of this issue among children in the Arab region. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the associated Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) indices in permanent teeth among children from 4 to under 18 years of age in the Arab region. A comprehensive review of various studies was conducted. Studies were searched across eight different electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. The random effects (RE) model was used for analysis, allowing variation in effect sizes across studies.The RE model suggested a high caries prevalence rate of 72.62% (with a 95% confidence interval of 65.3%-78.89%), suggesting a large burden of dental caries in this population pertaining to permanent teeth. The I ² score was 99.0%, showing high heterogeneity among the investigations. The mean DMFT score was found to be 1.675 (with a 95% confidence interval of 0.5519-2.7980), indicating of substantial dental health concerns. Surprisingly, the I ² value for DMFT scores was 0.0%, demonstrating no detected heterogeneity among the trials. The study highlights a high prevalence of dental caries and significant DMFT scores among children in the Arab region, signaling an urgent public health concern. The lack of heterogeneity in DMFT scores across studies, despite high caries prevalence, suggests potential limitations in the DMFT indices' ability to capture the full severity of dental caries. Further research is needed to refine these tools and fully understand the burden of dental caries in this population.

Objectives:  The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of sagittal skeletal pattern on mandibular movement (MM) during sleep in growing orthodontic populations. The secondary objective was to compare MM according to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) status.

Materials and methods:  This cross-sectional study included subjects between 6 and 17 years old, presenting with class I, II, and III skeletal patterns and no previous history of orthodontic treatment. A wireless sensor connected to the patient's chin before bedtime and removed the next day was used to record MM signals. The signals were analyzed using a machine learning algorithm to measure sleep and MM outcomes. MM variables included percentage change in waveform prominence (%), variance in peak prominence, mean prominence values, length of events (seconds), respiratory rate per minute, dominant frequency, and amplitude of dominant frequency. The obstructive respiratory disturbance index determined from the sensor was used to confirm OSA status.

Results:  There was no statistically significant difference in MM variables between class I, II, and III subjects. When compared according to OSA status, the amplitude of dominant frequency was significantly higher in the OSA than the non-OSA group (p = 0.005). When evaluated according to both skeletal classification and OSA status, the class I OSA subjects showed a higher median value than the non-OSA class I group (p = 0.016).

Conclusion:  Within the limits of this study, the sagittal skeletal pattern had no effect on the respiratory MM. This study did not find a correlation between craniofacial pattern and MM and OSA.

Objective:  According to the evidence, the level of glycemic control is of key importance in determining the increased risk of periodontal disease (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of metabolic control as a key factor leading to the development and severity of periodontitis and compare the periodontal and oral hygiene status with the glycated hemoglobin levels.

Materials and methods:  The evaluation was undertaken with diabetic patients (59 uncontrolled diabetics and 36 controlled diabetics) from a patient cohort of the Hospitalar Center of Tâmega e Sousa and subjects without diabetes (n = 95).

Statistical analysis:  The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (Statistical Program for Social Sciences), version 29.0 for Windows. In the logistic regression analysis, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results:  Periodontal parameters were increased in systemically compromised individuals especially those who were poorly controlled as compared with their healthy counterparts, which are important indicators of PD progression. Furthermore, uncontrolled type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) patients showed increased plaque index (PI), which predisposes these individuals to a greater degree of periodontal destruction and tooth loss. Using a binary logistic regression, we observe a significant relation of the risk of severe periodontitis in T1DM subjects with family history of T1DM (p = 0.019; OR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.22-9.21), alcohol consumption (p = 0.02; OR: 3.78; 95% CI: 1.23-11.63), periodontal probing depth (PPD) (p < 0.001; OR: 3.64; 95% CI: 14.74-90.34), and clinical attachment loss (p = 0.033; OR: 4.71; 95% CI: 1.13-19.59).

Conclusion:  Increased glycated hemoglobin levels were positively related with periodontal status. Uncontrolled systemically compromised individuals showed an increased Plaque index (PI), which predisposes to greater periodontal inflammation and tooth loss. Increased clinical attachment level, Periodontal probing depth (PPD) and family history of T1DM, and alcohol consumption were identified as potential risk factors for severe periodontitis in subjects with T1DM.

Objectives:  Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), a major inorganic component in bones and teeth, offers potential protection against demineralization. This study investigates the effect of CaCO₃ from Anadara granosa shells on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type 1 in the rat dental pulp.

Materials and methods:  The first maxillary molars of Rattus norvegicus were perforated and subsequently pulp capped with CaCO₃ extracted from A. granosa shells. The cavities were then filled with glass ionomer cement, while the control group received calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂). Teeth were extracted after 7 and 14 days of treatment, and the expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, and collagen type 1 in the dental pulp was analyzed using immunohistochemistry staining.

Results:  The group treated with CaCO₃ from A. granosa shells exhibited significantly higher expression of FGF2, TGF-β1, and collagen type 1 in the dental pulp at both 7 and 14 days compared with the group treated with Ca(OH)₂ (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:  The application of CaCO₃ derived from A. granosa shells enhances the proliferative phase in the dental pulp after pulp perforation and perhaps promotes reparative dentine formation.

Objective:  Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), an important air pollution particle, has been previously studied for its effects on various normal and cancer tissues. However, research on the impact of PM2.5, specifically on normal cavity tissue, is still limited. This study aimed to assess the effects of PM2.5 on cell vitality, cell cycle, and apoptosis in PGK (normal oral keratinocyte) and HGF (human gingival fibroblast) cell lines.

Materials and methods:  The effect of PM2.5 was examined through cell vitality using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, while cell cycle and apoptosis were determined via flow cytometry. Cells incubated with 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide were used as the negative control.

Results:  In a concentration-dependent manner, PM2.5 inhibited the proliferation of HGF and PGK cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PM2.5 after 24 hours of incubation was 400 ng/µL for HGF cells and 100 ng/µL for PGK cells. This particulate matter arrested the cell cycles of both HGF and PGK cells at the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, PM2.5 was found to trigger apoptosis in both HGF and PGK cell lines and also cause necrosis in the PGK cell line at higher concentrations.

Statistical analysis:  Kruskal-Wallis tests were employed to evaluate all quantitative data.

Conclusion:  The findings indicated that PM2.5 decreases cell viability, halts cell cycle progression, and triggers apoptosis in normal oral cavity cell lines. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid PM2.5 exposure in order to mitigate potential health risks. To understand PM2.5-induced oral cellular damage, more research is needed.

Objectives:  This article investigates the changes in blood-based biomarkers associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk in type 2 diabetic patients following local antibiotic periodontal treatment.

Materials and methods:  A secondary analysis of data from a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Participants received periodontal treatment biweekly from baseline until the 6th week of the study. Sixteen patients were assigned to an intervention group and received local antibiotic periodontal treatment (Periofol 2%). The outcomes were periodontal inflammation score, which was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area, the inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin [IL]-6), and MCI risk score, which was assessed using protein plasma analysis through blood test. The evaluations were performed at baseline and week 24th in both groups. The changes in periodontal inflammation scores, inflammation parameters, and MCI risk in baseline and week 24th were analyzed.

Statistical analysis:  The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for between-group analysis.

Results:  Periodontal parameters were improved in both groups (p < 0.05). IL-6, complement C3, and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In between-group comparisons, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein C1, and alpha-1-B glycoprotein levels in week 24th (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:  Even though the periodontal status showed significant improvement after being given local antibiotic periodontal treatment, the changes in MCI risk proteins plasma remained unclear.

Objectives:  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that shifts cellular phenotype. It is linked to several different inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of the EMT process in an experimental periodontitis (EP) model.

Materials and methods:  Second upper molars of Wistar albino male rats were ligated to induce periodontitis, while controls were not ligated. The animals were sacrificed after 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days (n = 6 for each time point). The maxillae were resected, posterior to the incisor teeth, and the gingival tissue surrounding teeth were analyzed. Alveolar bone loss (ABL), epithelial thickness, and the number of inflammatory cells were measured at each time point. Expressions of EMT-related biomarkers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail1, Twist1, and vimentin) were assessed using the immunohistochemical technique. All experiments were performed in triplicate.

Statistical analysis:  Inferential comparisons were performed by the kruskall-wallis test. To determine the correlation between the dependent and independent variables ,Spearman's correlation test was used.

Results:  ABL, epithelial thickness, and inflammatory cell count were gradually increased throughout the EP study period. Switching of E-cadherin/N-cadherin was evident and associated with increased nuclear expression of Snail1 and Twist1. Additionally, positive cytoplasmic expression of vimentin was detected from day 7 and increased at subsequent time points. Histoscore of E-cadherin was negatively and significantly correlated with N-cadherin and Snail1. Furthermore, Snail1 and Twist1 histoscores were significantly and positively correlated.

Conclusion:  The results demonstrated induction of an EMT phenotype in the EP model. This was supported by cadherin switching and positive vimentin expression along with nuclear translocation of Snail1 and Twist.

Advances in the field of nanomaterials are laying the foundation for the fabrication of nanosensors that are sensitive, selective, specific, cost-effective, biocompatible, and versatile. Being highly sensitive and selective, nanosensors are crucial in detecting small quantities of analytes and early diagnosis of diseases. These devices, operating on the nanoscale, detect signals, such as physical, chemical, optical, electrochemical, or biological, and then transduce them into a readable form. They show great promise for real-time, point-of-care, and home-based applications in health care. With the integration of wireless technology, these nanosensors, specifically biosensors, can potentially revolutionize therapeutic techniques. These advancements particularly impact the oral cavity, the primary entry point for various bodily substances. Nanosensors can transform oral and dental health practices, enabling timely disease diagnosis and precise drug delivery. This review examines the recent advancements in nanobiosensors, exploring their applications in various oral health conditions while discussing their benefits and potential limitations.

Objectives:  To compare the retention and patient satisfaction of attachment-retained versus clasp-retained removable partial dentures (RPDs) over time and to evaluate the impact of retention force on patient satisfaction.

Materials and methods:  This study included 107 patients with 130 RPDs at the University Dentistry Clinical Center, Prishtina, Kosovo. Patients were divided into two groups: clasp-retained RPDs (n = 79) and attachment-retained RPDs (n = 51). RPD retention forces were measured using a dynamometer, and satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire covering retention, stability, chewing ability, aesthetics, oral hygiene maintenance, speech, and pain/discomfort on a Likert scale from 1 (complete dissatisfaction) to 5 (complete satisfaction). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α. Descriptive statistics and the independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test were used for analysis, with pairwise comparisons and Spearman's rho correlation for additional insights.

Results:  Attachment-retained RPDs demonstrated superior retention, with mean scores decreasing from 5.43 to 4.40 over 3 months, compared with clasp-retained RPDs, which decreased from 4.02 to 3.23. Satisfaction scores also favored attachment-retained RPDs, dropping from 4.96 to 3.96, while clasp-retained RPDs decreased from 4.05 to 3.44. Cronbach's α indicated high reliability (α = 0.952). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences in retention and satisfaction between the two RPD types (p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparisons indicated significant declines over time for both types. Spearman's rho correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between retention force and satisfaction scores, with correlation coefficients of 0.574 for clasp-retained and 0.522 for attachment-retained RPDs (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion:  Attachment-retained RPDs offer higher and more stable retention and greater patient satisfaction compared with clasp-retained RPDs over the initial months of use. The significant positive correlation between retention force and patient satisfaction underscores the importance of optimizing retention in RPD design.

Objectives:  This study aims to detect early class I, II, and III malocclusions through the muscle strength of the lips, tongue, masseter, and temporalis.

Materials and methods:  The study subjects were 30 pediatric patients with predetermined criteria. The subjects were divided into class I, II, and III malocclusions where each classification of malocclusion amounted to 10 people. Subjects were differentiated according to gender and age. Tongue pressure during swallowing was recorded by a palatal measurement sensor system. The strength of the activity was assessed when the lip muscles resisted as hard as possible the traction plate placed between the teeth and the lips, then the force was connected to an electromyograph (EMG) to be measured. Temporal and masseter muscle contractions were assessed when the muscles performed swallowing, chewing, mouth opening, resting, mouth closing, and biting movements.

Statistical analysis:  Data analysis using the SPSS application was performed with the ANOVA test if the data distribution was normal, and if the data distribution was not normal, then the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Significant data were evaluated by post-hoc tests using least significant difference if the data distribution was normal or the Mann-Whitney test if the data distribution was not normal.

Results:  It was found that there was a significant difference in the left masseter muscle and left temporalis muscle.

Conclusion:  EMG can be considered as a tool to detect class I, II, and III malocclusions through muscle contraction. Biting and chewing positions have satisfactory EMG examination results for malocclusion detection. Age and gender of the child may affect the results of EMG examination in certain conditions.