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Cariogenic Enamel Demineralization Prevention, Detection, and Management: A Literature Review. 牙釉质脱矿的预防、检测和处理:文献综述。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809179
Rahaf Zawawi, Naif Almosa

Dental caries is the most common oral disease, often resulting from complex and multifactorial interactions among cariogenic bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and host factors. Prevention is essential for reducing its incidence and can be achieved by maintaining a balanced diet and practicing good oral hygiene. Early detection of initial carious lesions, such as enamel demineralization, is essential for preventing progression and enabling effective management. Currently, there are various methods available for detecting dental caries, ranging from simple visual inspections to advanced imaging techniques, along with fluorescent and electrical detection methods, which are also instrumental in identifying lesions before they advance to more severe stages. Management strategies for enamel demineralization can vary from conservative methods, such as the use of remineralizing agents, to more invasive treatments. Herein, this article provides a comprehensive review of established and emerging approaches for preventing, detecting, and managing enamel demineralization for health care providers to take proactive steps toward improving oral health.

龋齿是最常见的口腔疾病,通常是由致龋细菌、可发酵碳水化合物和宿主因素之间复杂的多因素相互作用引起的。预防对于降低发病率至关重要,可通过保持均衡饮食和良好的口腔卫生来实现。早期发现最初的龋齿病变,如牙釉质脱矿,对于预防进展和有效治疗至关重要。目前,有多种方法可用于检测龋齿,从简单的目视检查到先进的成像技术,以及荧光和电检测方法,这些方法也有助于在病变发展到更严重的阶段之前识别病变。牙釉质脱矿的治疗策略可以从保守的方法,如使用再矿化剂,到更有创性的治疗。在此,本文提供了一个全面的综述,建立和新兴的方法来预防,检测和管理牙釉质脱矿,卫生保健提供者采取积极的措施,以改善口腔健康。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Cinnamaldehyde Addition on Injectable Gypsum-Calcium Carbonate Hydrogel Paste with Ultraviolet Light Polymerization: Bone Scaffold Material for Implant. 肉桂醛对紫外光聚合石膏-碳酸钙凝胶膏体的影响:植骨支架材料。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1807729
Anne Handrini Dewi, Muhammad Akhsan Pridatama, Dena Kusuma Arum, Mas Sahidayana Mohktar, Hersandy Dayu Kusuma, Andi Triawan

Hydrogel-based, gypsum, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bone scaffolding materials and antibacterial extracts from cinnamaldehyde herbal ingredients are a combination of smart materials that are abundant and environmental friendly. That component is a promising candidate for bone scaffold material. This prototype has been designed as an injectable paste that is easy to apply, fills in bone and dental defects, and quickly polymerizes with the help of ultraviolet (UV) light. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of adding cinnamaldehyde to injectable gypsum-CaCO3 hydrogel paste that has undergone UV light polymerization for biodegradable implant material.A composite material was synthesized named Cia by a combination of gelatin, gypsum, CaCO3, and cinnamaldehyde compound assisted by UV light polymerization. An in vitro and in vivo quasi-experiments were conducted in this study, including material characterization and testing. Material characterization was performed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and scanning electron microscope. Material testing examined the swelling ratio and degradation rate. Antibacterial activity was performed as in vitro testing undergone Streptococcus sanguinis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Data were analyzed statistically using an independent t-test (p < 0.05). A total of 21 male Wistar rats were used in vivo study. A femoral condyle was chosen as a hard tissue representative of the jaw. Tissues were then stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Mallory staining observed under a light microscope to identify the tissue regeneration and implant remaining.Synthesized material that is added by cinnamaldehyde could be an implant material for inducing tissue regeneration.

水凝胶基、石膏、碳酸钙(CaCO3)骨支架材料和肉桂醛中草药成分抗菌提取物是一种丰富且环保的智能材料组合。该成分是一种很有前途的骨支架材料。这个原型被设计成一种可注射的膏状物,易于涂抹,填补骨骼和牙齿的缺陷,并在紫外线(UV)的帮助下快速聚合。本研究的目的是研究在经紫外光聚合的可注射石膏-碳酸钙凝胶膏中加入肉桂醛对生物可降解植入材料的影响。以明胶、石膏、碳酸钙和肉桂醛化合物为原料,在紫外光催化下合成了一种名为Cia的复合材料。本研究进行了体外和体内准实验,包括材料表征和测试。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜对材料进行了表征。材料测试测试了膨胀率和降解率。体外进行了血链球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性测试。数据采用独立t检验(p)进行统计学分析。选择股骨髁作为颌骨的硬组织代表。用苏木精-伊红染色和马洛里染色,光镜下观察组织再生和种植体残留情况。添加肉桂醛的合成材料可作为诱导组织再生的植入材料。
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引用次数: 0
Comparing ChatGPT and Dental Students' Performance in an Introduction to Dental Anatomy Examination: A Cross-Sectional Study. 比较ChatGPT和牙科学生在口腔解剖考试导论中的表现:一项横断面研究。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1808254
Rizwan Ullah, Muhammad Saad Shaikh, Nazish Shahani, Mohid Abrar Lone, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar

This article compares the knowledge and interpretation ability of Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), with undergraduate dental students by administering a dental anatomy multiple-choice question-based examination.This analytical cross-sectional study determined ChatGPT's justification for each response to evaluate its suitability as an e-learning tool. The frequency and percentage of students and ChatGPT were calculated to obtain the correct answers for a multiple-choice examination.The data analysis was performed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) by IBM (Version 20) and Microsoft Excel by Microsoft Corporation. The frequency and percentage of students and the ChatGPT were calculated for the correct answers. The p-value of the Shapiro-Wilk test was 0.001, therefore, the Kolmogorov test was applied to check the hypothesis for the distribution of the average ChatGPT explanation score given by the experts.The results revealed that students performed better in the introductory dental anatomy examination. The average score of students was 74.28%, while that of ChatGPT was 60%. A good agreement was observed between the experts regarding the grading of the explanation.ChatGPT possesses a foundational understanding of basic dental anatomy, sufficient to achieve a passing grade on an undergraduate examination, its performance exhibits limitations in accuracy and reliability, therefore, it cannot be recommended as a sole learning resource.

本文通过进行牙科解剖多项选择题考试,比较了聊天生成预训练转换器(ChatGPT)与牙科本科学生的知识和解释能力。这个分析性横断面研究确定了ChatGPT对每个回应的理由,以评估其作为电子学习工具的适用性。计算学生和ChatGPT的频率和百分比,以获得多项选择考试的正确答案。数据分析使用IBM (Version 20)的SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)软件和微软公司的Microsoft Excel软件。计算正确答案的频率和百分比以及ChatGPT。由于Shapiro-Wilk检验的p值为0.001,因此采用Kolmogorov检验对专家给出的ChatGPT平均解释分数的分布进行假设检验。结果显示,学生在口腔解剖学入门考试中表现较好。学生的平均分为74.28%,ChatGPT的平均分为60%。专家们对解释的评分意见很一致。ChatGPT对基本的口腔解剖学有基本的了解,足以通过本科考试,但其表现在准确性和可靠性方面存在局限性,因此不能推荐作为唯一的学习资源。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling Gender Characteristics in Pakistan: Forensic Dentistry Insights through Panoramic Radiographs and Morphometrics Analysis. 揭开性别特征在巴基斯坦:法医牙科洞察通过全景射线摄影和形态计量学分析。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806945
Huma Sarwar, Urooba Mirza, Sarah Mariam Anwar, Meshal Muhammad Naeem, Juzer Shabbir, Tazeen Zehra, Azam Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Zafar

To validate the use of panoramic radiographs and morphometric parameters in forensic odontology for accurate and efficient gender determination in the specific socio-cultural context of the Pakistani population.A retrospective study was conducted using orthopantomograms from 130 individuals aged between 16 and 30 years, sourced from a radiology department. The study included comprehensive measurements of mandibular indices such as condylar height, coronoid height, and antegonial depth. Measurements were made using Image J software. The indices were analyzed through univariate, multivariate, and best models to assess their effectiveness in gender prediction. Statistical analysis included independent samples t-test, binary logistic regression, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate threshold values, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for each index.Independent samples t-test was used to compare the means of indices with gender. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of male gender, and ROC analysis was used to calculate threshold values, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.Univariate analysis revealed that most indices, except for the gonial angle, showed significant differences between genders. The multivariate model stated the condylar height and coronoid height as a significant predictor. The best model confirmed condylar height, coronoid height, antegonial depth, and the inferior border of the mental foramen as reliable indices for male gender determination. The ROC demonstrated that the distance from the mean inferior border to the lower border of the mandible had the highest AUC of 82%, indicating strong predictive power.The study confirmed the effectiveness of specific mandibular measurements in gender determination within the Pakistani population. Condylar height, coronoid height, antegonial depth, and the inferior border of the metal foramen are consistently significant predictors across various models. Further research with a larger population sample is recommended.

在巴基斯坦人口的特定社会文化背景下,验证在法医牙科学中使用全景x光片和形态测量参数以准确有效地确定性别。回顾性研究使用来自放射科的年龄在16至30岁之间的130名个体的骨断层摄影进行。该研究包括全面测量下颌指标,如髁突高度、冠突高度和牙槽深度。使用Image J软件进行测量。通过单因素、多因素和最佳模型对指标进行分析,以评估其在性别预测中的有效性。统计分析包括独立样本t检验、二元logistic回归和受试者操作特征(ROC)分析,评估各指标的阈值、敏感性、特异性和曲线下面积(AUC)。采用独立样本t检验比较不同性别指标的均值。采用二元逻辑回归估计男性性别的可能性,采用ROC分析计算阈值、敏感性、特异性和AUC。单因素分析显示,除卵形角外,大多数指标在性别间存在显著差异。多元模型表明髁突高度和冠突高度是一个显著的预测因子。最好的模型证实了髁突高度、冠突高度、蚁巢深度和颏孔下缘是确定男性性别的可靠指标。ROC显示下颌骨平均下边界到下颌骨下边界的距离AUC最高,为82%,具有较强的预测能力。该研究证实了在巴基斯坦人口中特定的下颌测量在性别确定方面的有效性。在各种模型中,髁突高度、冠突高度、牙槽深度和金属孔的下边界都是一致的重要预测因素。建议对更大的人口样本进行进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Submucosal Cryotherapy on Postoperative Pain in Maxillary Premolars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Parallel, Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. 黏膜下冷冻治疗对上颌前磨牙不可逆性牙髓炎术后疼痛的影响:一项前瞻性、平行、三盲随机对照试验。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-30 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1806934
Mai Shalabi, Abeer H Mahran, Tarek Elsewify

To compare the effect of submucosal cryotherapy with steroids and nonsteroidal injections on postendodontic pain in maxillary premolars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.A total of 52 patients with maxillary premolars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were randomly allocated into four equal groups (n = 13). Cold saline was injected submucosally in the experimental groups, while the two active comparator groups received dexamethasone sodium phosphate and diclofenac sodium submucosally. The control group did not receive any injections. Preoperative pain level was recorded using a numerical pain scale and subtracted from the postoperative pain level at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours, to calculate the pain reduction, after single-visit root canal treatment. Data were statistically analyzed at a significance level of p < 0.05.Pain score reduction did not differ significantly between all the groups at all intervals. All groups showed a significant increase in pain reduction with time. The control and cryotherapy groups showed significantly lower incidence of flare-ups than the diclofenac group.Submucosal cryotherapy can be used as a safe and conservative alternative to steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of postoperative pain in cases with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.Submucosal cryotherapy reduces postoperative endodontic pain and can be used as a safe and conservative alternative to steroid and NSAID injections for postoperative endodontic pain control in cases with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

比较粘膜下冷冻治疗与非甾体注射治疗上颌前磨牙牙髓后疼痛的疗效。将52例诊断为症状性不可逆性牙髓炎的上颌前磨牙患者随机分为4组(n = 13)。实验组粘膜下注射冷生理盐水,两个活性比较组粘膜下注射地塞米松磷酸钠和双氯芬酸钠。对照组不注射任何药物。采用数值疼痛量表记录术前疼痛水平,并减去术后6、24、48和72小时的疼痛水平,计算单次根管治疗后疼痛减轻程度。数据以p的显著性水平进行统计学分析
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引用次数: 0
Etiology of Dental Anxiety and Dental Phobia: Review. 牙科焦虑和牙科恐惧症的病因:综述。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809146
Agnieszka Piechal, Edyta Siekierska, Kamilla Blecharz-Klin

This article examines the etiology of dental anxiety, a common yet often overlooked condition in dental practice. Ranging from mild discomfort to severe dental phobia, dental anxiety significantly affects a patient's ability to receive necessary care. Despite its prevalence, it remains underexplored in scientific research, leading to inadequate treatment and insufficient attention. Understanding the factors behind dental anxiety is crucial for prevention and for providing effective psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions.The review was based on a comprehensive search of several scientific databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source. Predefined keywords, such as "Dental Anxiety," "Dental Phobia," and "Etiology," were used to ensure broad coverage of relevant studies. The factors contributing to dental anxiety are multifactorial and involve both internal and external influences. Internal factors, such as genetic predispositions and central nervous system dysfunctions, interact with external influences, including personal experiences, negative past dental encounters, and environmental stimuli. Demographic factors, such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status, along with personal characteristics like temperament and coping mechanisms, further contribute to the development of anxiety.Previous negative dental experiences and self-reported poor oral health exacerbate anxiety, increasing the likelihood of developing dental phobia, which often results in care avoidance. This avoidance worsens oral health, resulting in conditions such as caries and periodontal disease, and significantly diminishes the quality of life. Addressing dental anxiety is critical for improving patient cooperation and ensuring better long-term oral health outcomes. A more comprehensive understanding of dental anxiety will help identify at-risk patients early, prevent severe forms of dental phobia, and ensure dental care is accessible to all individuals.In conclusion, dental anxiety is a multifactorial issue that impacts access to dental care and overall oral health. The most significant factor contributing to dental anxiety is trauma associated with previous dental procedures. Expanding the understanding of its causes enables dental professionals to identify at-risk patients and develop tailored interventions. By addressing anxiety early and adopting evidence-based strategies, dental professionals can reduce the prevalence of dental anxiety and improve patient care.

这篇文章检查牙科焦虑的病因,一个常见的但往往被忽视的条件,在牙科实践。从轻微的不适到严重的牙科恐惧症,牙科焦虑会严重影响患者接受必要护理的能力。尽管它很普遍,但在科学研究中仍未得到充分的探索,导致治疗和关注不足。了解牙齿焦虑背后的因素对于预防和提供有效的心理治疗和药物干预至关重要。这篇综述是基于对几个科学数据库的综合检索,包括PubMed、Cochrane数据库和Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source。使用预定义的关键词,如“牙科焦虑”、“牙科恐惧症”和“病因学”,以确保相关研究的广泛覆盖。导致牙齿焦虑的因素是多因素的,包括内部和外部影响。内部因素,如遗传易感性和中枢神经系统功能障碍,与外部影响相互作用,包括个人经历、过去负面的牙科就诊和环境刺激。人口因素,如年龄、性别、社会经济地位,以及性格和应对机制等个人特征,都进一步促进了焦虑的发展。以前负面的牙科经历和自我报告的口腔健康状况不佳加剧了焦虑,增加了患牙科恐惧症的可能性,这往往导致逃避护理。这种逃避使口腔健康恶化,导致龋齿和牙周病等疾病,并大大降低生活质量。解决牙科焦虑对于改善患者合作和确保更好的长期口腔健康结果至关重要。对牙科焦虑症更全面的了解将有助于早期识别高危患者,预防严重的牙科恐惧症,并确保所有人都能获得牙科护理。总之,牙齿焦虑是一个多因素的问题,影响获得牙齿护理和整体口腔健康。导致牙科焦虑的最重要因素是与以前的牙科手术有关的创伤。扩大对其原因的了解使牙科专业人员能够识别有风险的患者并制定量身定制的干预措施。通过尽早解决焦虑并采用循证策略,牙科专业人员可以减少牙科焦虑的患病率并改善患者护理。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Hydroxyapatite as a Bone Implant Biomaterial for Triggering Osteogenesis. 羟基磷灰石作为触发成骨生物材料的研究进展。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1809312
Yusuf Alif Pratama, Honey Dzikri Marhaeny, Fani Deapsari, Aniek Setiya Budiatin, Mahardian Rahmadi, Andang Miatmoko, Muhammad Taher, Junaidi Khotib

Over the past decade, the occurrence of bone defects has seen a notable rise. In both developed and developing nations, their prevalence tends to increase in parallel with population density and levels of physical activity. Various therapeutic approaches have been implemented to address bone fractures, focusing on preventing infections, promoting faster healing, and restoring normal bone function. Among these, bone grafting-a surgical technique involving the use of biomaterials-remains a widely utilized method for bone replacement. This review aims to identify biomaterials that have biocompatibility with bone, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties so that they can trigger good osteogenesis. This review is based on a compilation of publications from various databases related to factors affecting the process of bone ossification. This study also evaluates the characteristics of hydroxyapatite biomaterials that play a role in inducing osteogenesis. The phosphate/calcium ratio close to 1.67, porosity in the range of 40 to 60%, pore diameter of 200 to 900 nm, and crystallinity of 40 to 60% will help the osteogenesis to perform well. The results of this study highlight the advantages of hydroxyapatite in terms of its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteointegrative properties, which can trigger osteogenesis.

在过去的十年中,骨缺损的发生率有了显著的上升。在发达国家和发展中国家,它们的流行程度往往与人口密度和身体活动水平同步增加。各种治疗方法已经实施,以解决骨折,重点是预防感染,促进更快的愈合,并恢复正常的骨功能。其中,骨移植——一种涉及使用生物材料的外科技术——仍然是一种广泛使用的骨替代方法。本综述旨在鉴定具有骨生物相容性、骨诱导和骨导电性的生物材料,从而促进良好的成骨。这篇综述是基于各种数据库中与影响骨化过程的因素相关的出版物的汇编。本研究还评价了羟基磷灰石生物材料在诱导成骨中的作用。磷酸盐/钙比接近1.67,孔隙度在40 ~ 60%,孔径在200 ~ 900 nm,结晶度在40 ~ 60%,有利于成骨性能的良好发挥。本研究结果强调了羟基磷灰石在骨传导、骨诱导和骨整合方面的优势,可以促进成骨。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Surface Pretreatments and Bonding Protocols on Shear Bond Strength of Monolithic Zirconia with Varying Yttria Contents to Composite Resin. Nd:YAG激光表面预处理及键合方式对不同钇含量单片氧化锆与复合树脂剪切键合强度的影响
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1808260
Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Ahmad Abdulkareem Alnazzawi, Mohammed H AbdElaziz, Ahmed E Farghal, Mohamed F Aldamaty, Mohammed Ahmed Alghauli

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different surface pretreatments and bonding protocols on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two monolithic zirconia materials to composite resin.A total of 200 zirconia specimens, 3Y-TZP (n = 100) and 5YSZ (n = 100), were allocated into five groups: Control with no treatment, air-particle abrasion (APA), Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser treatment (L), a combination of APA and L, and laser treatment followed by cold plasma (CAP). Half of the specimens received a primer application before bonding with resin cement. Surface morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, and SBS testing was conducted with a universal testing machine.The SBS analysis was done using multiway analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05).Different surface pretreatments and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate primer application significantly increased SBS values (p ≤ 0.001). APA was associated with the highest SBS values, followed by APA + laser and laser + CAP. However, the combination of APA with L slightly reduce the bond strength. While the application of laser alone possesses the lowest SBS among the surface pretreatment methods, the control group was the worst by far. Different zirconia materials showed no impact on SBS values.APA surface pretreatment might still be the gold standard for zirconia adhesion. Laser surface pretreatment is a viable, less destructive option. Combining APA with laser slightly reduces SBS, while combining two inert surface pretreatment methods, such as laser and CAP, leads to enhancement of SBS compared with laser alone. Zirconia primer is highly recommended for bonding protocol. No special considerations should be taken for different yttria contents, as both materials reported comparable bond strength within the same coupled variables.

本研究旨在评价不同表面预处理和键合方式对两种单片氧化锆材料与复合树脂的剪切键合强度(SBS)的影响。将200个氧化锆样品,3Y-TZP (n = 100)和5YSZ (n = 100),分为5组:未处理对照组、空气颗粒磨损组(APA)、Nd:YAG(掺钕钇铝石榴石)激光处理组(L)、APA和L联合处理组(CAP)和激光处理后冷等离子体处理组(CAP)。一半的试样在与树脂水泥粘合之前接受底漆应用。用扫描电镜观察表面形貌,用万能试验机进行SBS测试。SBS分析采用多因素方差分析(p≤0.05)。不同的表面预处理和10-甲基丙烯酰氧癸基磷酸二氢底漆的使用显著提高了SBS值(p≤0.001)。SBS值以APA最高,其次为APA +激光和激光+ CAP。而APA与L的结合会使粘结强度略有降低。在表面预处理方法中,单独应用激光的SBS最低,而对照组的SBS最差。不同氧化锆材料对SBS值没有影响。APA表面预处理仍可能是氧化锆粘附的金标准。激光表面预处理是一种可行的、破坏性较小的选择。APA与激光联合使用可略微降低SBS,而激光和CAP两种惰性表面预处理方法联合使用则比单独使用激光增强SBS。强烈建议使用氧化锆底漆进行粘合。不需要特别考虑不同的钇含量,因为两种材料在相同的耦合变量下报告了相当的结合强度。
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引用次数: 0
Bonding Performance and Interfacial Ultra-Morphology/Nanoleakage of a Modern Self-Curing Bulk-Fill Restorative System: An In Vitro Study. 现代自固化体填充修复体系的键合性能和界面超形貌/纳米泄漏:体外研究
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1804886
Paula Maciel Pires, Aline Almeida Neves, Paul Farrar, Álvaro Ferrando Cascales, Avijit Banerjee, Victor Pinheiro Feitosa, Salvatore Sauro

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bonding performance and the interfacial ultramorphology of an innovative self-curing restorative system compared with a conventional light-curing resin composite applied on dentin in etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) mode.Twenty cavities (class I) were prepared in sound dentin and restored using two materials: (1) CERAM (n = 10; CERAM.X ONE, Dentsply Sirona) in combination with a universal adhesive system (PBU [Prime & Bond Universal]), or (2) STELA (n = 10; Stela Automix, SDI) in combination with its adhesive primer. Half of the specimens from each group were bonded in ER or SE mode. Specimens underwent microtensile bond strength testing after 24 hours of storage in artificial saliva. Failure mode was determined using a stereomicroscope, and fractographic analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The interfacial ultramorphology/nanoleakage of the resin-dentin slabs was analyzed through dye-assisted confocal microscopy.For quantitative analysis, bond strength values (in MPa) were assessed for normality and variance using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene's tests, followed by ANOVA based on restorative material and adhesive bonding protocol, with Fisher's least significant difference post hoc test (α = 5%).SE groups exhibited significantly lower bond strength (17.4 MPa for CERAM; 26.2 MPa for STELA) compared with ER groups (35.8 MPa for CERAM; 33.6 MPa for STELA) (p < 0.05). CERAM applied in SE mode showed significantly lower bond strength compared with STELA applied in SE mode. Furthermore, CERAM applied in SE mode was the only group presenting a pre-test failure rate (27%). The failure mode was predominantly mixed in ER groups and adhesive in SE groups. Nanoleakage was observed clearly in the CERAM groups applied in both ER and SE modes but was less evident in the STELA groups.The new self-curing material (STELA) used in SE or ER may represent a promising clinical option to provide adequate interfacial adaptation and strong bonding to dentin when restoring deep class I cavities. The use of conventional adhesives in deep class I cavities may generate resin-dentin interfaces characterized by gaps and leakages.

目的:本研究的目的是评估一种创新的自固化修复系统与传统光固化树脂复合材料在牙本质上蚀刻-冲洗(ER)或自蚀刻(SE)模式下的结合性能和界面超微形貌。材料与方法:在健全牙本质上制备20个I类空腔,采用两种材料修复:(1)CERAM (n = 10;陶瓷。X ONE, Dentsply Sirona)与通用粘合剂系统(PBU [Prime & Bond universal])相结合,或(2)STELA (n = 10;Stela Automix (SDI)与其粘合剂底漆相结合。每组各有一半的标本以ER或SE模式键合。标本在人工唾液中保存24小时后进行微拉伸粘结强度测试。使用立体显微镜确定失效模式,并使用扫描电子显微镜进行断口分析。采用染料共聚焦显微镜对树脂-牙本质板的界面超微形貌和纳米渗漏进行了分析。统计分析:定量分析采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov和Levene检验评估粘接强度值(MPa)的正态性和方差,随后采用基于修复材料和胶粘剂粘接方案的方差分析,Fisher事后检验差异最小(α = 5%)。结果:SE组与CERAM的结合强度显著降低(17.4 MPa);STELA组为26.2 MPa, ER组为35.8 MPa;结论:用于SE或ER的新型自固化材料(STELA)可能是一种有前途的临床选择,可以在修复深I类牙槽时提供足够的界面适应和与牙本质的强结合。在深I类牙腔中使用常规粘合剂可能会产生以间隙和泄漏为特征的树脂-牙本质界面。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Ceramic Thickness and Adhesive Light Curing on Bond Strength of Resin Cements to Enamel. 陶瓷厚度和胶粘剂光固化对树脂胶结剂与牙釉质结合强度的影响。
IF 2.1 Q1 Dentistry Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1804888
Hillary O de Alvarenga, Kusai Baroudi, Raghavendra M Shetty, Elias D Berdouses, Marianna Pires de Oliveira, Anna Laura Diniz, Gabriel Ferreira, Laís Regiane Silva-Concilio, Marina Amaral

For cementation of ceramic restorations, a layer of adhesive followed by resin cement is applied to the treated enamel surface. The light activation of adhesive may occur before or simultaneously with the resin cement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ceramic thickness and previous light activation of adhesive on shear strength of resin cement to enamel.Vestibular bovine enamel was bonded to lithium disilicate ceramic cylinders with resin cement. The samples were divided into two groups, according to the ceramic thickness (1 or 2 mm). The cylinders had one surface treated for cementation and the enamel surface was treated with acid etching and adhesive system. Only half of samples received light activation of the adhesive prior to cementation. The samples were stored for 30 days in water at 37°C, and then subjected to the shear bond strength test.Two-way analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the influence of previous light activation and ceramic thickness on the bond strength to enamel (α = 0.05).The results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference in the shear adhesive strength between ceramics and dental enamel in relation to the factors evaluated.It is concluded that bond strength is not affected by neither the previous adhesive light activation nor ceramic thickness (1 or 2 mm).

目的:用于陶瓷修复体的粘接,在处理过的牙釉质表面涂上一层粘接剂,然后是树脂水泥。胶粘剂的光活化可以在树脂胶结之前或同时发生。本研究的目的是评估陶瓷厚度和胶粘剂的前光活化对树脂水泥对牙釉质抗剪强度的影响。材料与方法:将前庭牛牙釉质与二硅酸锂陶瓷柱用树脂粘接。根据陶瓷厚度(1 mm或2 mm)将样品分为两组。圆柱体有一个表面进行胶结处理,搪瓷表面用酸蚀刻和粘合剂系统处理。只有一半的样品在胶结前接受了粘合剂的光活化。样品在37℃的水中保存30天,然后进行剪切粘结强度测试。统计学分析:采用双向方差分析评价前光活化和陶瓷厚度对牙釉质结合强度的影响(α = 0.05)。结果:本研究结果表明,陶瓷与牙釉质的剪切粘接强度在评价因素方面无显著差异。结论:先前的胶粘剂光活化和陶瓷厚度(1或2 mm)均不影响粘结强度。
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European Journal of Dentistry
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