European Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Impact of suicide and COVID-19 in different countries: Epidemiological data for 2020","authors":"Jimena María Merayo-Cano ,&nbsp;Alejandro Porras-Segovia ,&nbsp;Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-García","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Suicide is a major public health problem. The number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) provides a complementary perspective for mortality assessment and health policy development. Previous studies have compared YPLL due to suicide with YPLL due to COVID-19 in the United States and Spain. However, no previous studies have explored these data worldwide to establish an adequate comparison. We believe that suicide deaths do not receive adequate attention when compared, for example, to deaths attributable to COVID-19. 1 In this case we have performed a comparative analysis of the years of life lost due to suicide and the pandemic, based on data that have been published in recent years. This study aims to quantify the global impact of suicide versus COVID-19 in terms of YPLL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our source was the World Health Organization mortality database as of September 2023. We included countries that had data on all-cause mortality for ages 0-75, presented by age groups in 2020. For suicide and COVID-19, YPLL and the percentage of YPLL over total causes of death were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 10 out of 22 countries (45 %), YPLL due to suicide exceeded those due to COVID-19.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The countries where the impact of suicide was greater than that produced by COVID-19 were Australia and Germany. Although all countries in the world for which data was available were analyzed, Europe was the region with the highest representation. In the case of Europe, the world region with the largest number of countries for which data are available, half of the countries analyzed have a higher number of years of potential life lost as a result of suicide than those lost due to COVID-19, the disease that became one of the leading causes of death in record time, with devastating socio-economic impact and damage. It is necessary to raise awareness about the impact of suicide. Suicide prevention requires a coordinated effort worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 4","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional brain imaging of negative symptoms in schizophrenia: further evidence of prefrontal dysfunction","authors":"Paola Fuentes-Claramonte ,&nbsp;Ana Aquino-Servín ,&nbsp;María Ángeles Garcia-León ,&nbsp;Jordi Ortiz-Gil ,&nbsp;Pilar Salgado-Pineda ,&nbsp;Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza ,&nbsp;Salvador Sarró ,&nbsp;Emilio J. Inarejos-Clemente ,&nbsp;Raymond Salvador ,&nbsp;Peter J. McKenna ,&nbsp;Edith Pomarol-Clotet","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>An influential theory of negative symptoms in schizophrenia is that they are due to frontal lobe dysfunction, although this has not been consistently supported by functional imaging studies to date. Recently, our group found evidence of an association between negative symptoms and prefrontal hypoactivation during a novel executive task sensitive to goal neglect. The present study sought to extend this finding using a different functional imaging paradigm, the n-back working memory task.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety-six medicated patients with schizophrenia were divided according to the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) scores into groups with high negative symptom scores (HNS, N=70, negative symptom score range 15-34), and with low negative symptom scores (LNS, N=26, negative symptom score range 6-14). Along with 50 matched healthy controls, they underwent fMRI while performing the 2-back and 1-back versions of the n-back task.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the 2-back vs 1-back comparison, working memory-related activation was observed in lateral prefrontal and inferior parietal areas in all groups. The HNS patients, but not the LNS patients showed reduced activation in these task-related regions compared to the healthy controls. The HNS patients also showed hypoactivation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex relative to the LNS patients, although this finding was no longer statistically significant when disorganization scores were added as a covariate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results provide further evidence supporting the prefrontal hypothesis of negative symptoms, but also highlight the potential role of disorganization in modulating prefrontal activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 4","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of bright light therapy in patients suffering from unipolar or bipolar depression; A naturalistic study","authors":"M.A. Riedinger ,&nbsp;G.E. van Son ,&nbsp;N.J.A. van der Wee ,&nbsp;E.J. Giltay ,&nbsp;M. de Leeuw","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Depressive disorders, both unipolar (MDD) and bipolar (BD), impact patients and society greatly. In bipolar depression and seasonal affective disorder the episodic nature and periodicity relate to changes in circadian rhythms. Bright light therapy (BLT) is thought to ameliorate symptoms of depression through its influence on circadian rhythms. Effectiveness of BLT has not been thoroughly established in real-world clinical samples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>For seventy-four patients with depression Inventory of Depressive Symptoms – Self Rated (IDS-SR) scores were available through Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM) used in BLT in the outpatient clinic for mood disorders. Patients received one or two weeks of add-on BLT as usual care. Patients suffering from MDD (<em>n</em> = 33, 60.6 % female, mean age 36.1 ± 11.5 years) were compared to patients suffering from BD (<em>n</em> = 41, 70.7 % female, mean age 45.0 ± 14.5 years) and changes in individual symptoms were analyzed for these two groups as well as the whole cohort.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IDS-SR scores decreased significantly in both groups of patients and did not differ in effect size between the groups. Explorative analyses of the effects on individual items of the IDS-SR showed that items related to core symptoms of depression such a as mood, concentration and energy level showed the largest improvements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Self-report depressive symptoms in patients suffering from either MDD or BD decreased in this naturalistic cohort after receiving BLT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of HSV2 infection and depression in adults: a cross-sectional study of NHANES from 2005–2016","authors":"Mingbo Wei ,&nbsp;Yi Feng ,&nbsp;Hongyan Peng ,&nbsp;Binbin Chen ,&nbsp;Yifan Wu ,&nbsp;Weiming Mao ,&nbsp;Qing Cai ,&nbsp;Jiajin Xu ,&nbsp;Laibao Yang ,&nbsp;Panpan Chen ,&nbsp;Huimin Zheng ,&nbsp;Licheng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Depression is a major mental system disorder, and previous studies have found an association between herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection and depression. However, recently researches report that depression can be divided into two categories, cognitive symptoms and somatic symptoms, but the relationship between the subtypes of depression is still unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We obtained NHANES data from cycles 2005–2016, and a total of 1124 depressed cases and 4253 matched controls were selected achieving a 1:4 matching ratio. Logistic regression was used to explore the association of HSV-2 infection with depression status and severity. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was employed to assess associations between HSV-2 infection and specific cognitive/somatic symptoms of depression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HSV2 infection was positively associated with depression status (OR=1.33, 1.11∼1.59) and severity (OR=1.24, 1.05∼1.45), but these associations were only observed in female, not in male. Furtherly, result of Zero-inflated negative binomial regression suggested that HSV2 infection increased total score of somatic symptoms (RR=1.15, 1.16∼1.25) rather than cognitive symptoms in female. Moreover, HSV2 infection was related to increasing somatic symptoms, including sleeping difficulties, fatigue and appetite problems, but not any cognitive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HSV-2 infection is positively associated with depression status only in females, but not in males. HSV-2 infection appears to be primarily related to somatic symptoms rather than cognitive symptoms in the female population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143842555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ling Gui ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wei ,&nbsp;Qichao Huang ,&nbsp;Yuyao Liu ,&nbsp;Yixiao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a systemic indicator of inflammation and stress, shows inconsistent associations with bipolar disorder (BD). This meta-analysis will investigate NLR's diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic relevance in BD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic search across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library, using key terms ‘bipolar disorder’, ‘neutrophils’, ‘lymphocytes’, and ‘ratio’ yielded 31 studies assessed via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses and publication bias assessments were conducted to explore heterogeneity sources and result stability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The NLR values in BDs were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (HCs) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.51, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.62, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 1.87, 95 % CI: 1.27–2.74, <em>p</em> = 0.001). The association was most pronounced between bipolar mania (BDM) and HC (SMD = 0.67, 95 % CI: 0.57–0.76, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001, I² = 47 %). Additionally, BDM exhibited higher NLR than bipolar depression (BDD) and bipolar patients in euthymic episode (BDE) (SMD = 0.22, 95 % CI: 0.07–0.38, <em>p</em> = 0.04, I² = 42 %; SMD = 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.15–0.48, <em>p</em> = 0.0001, I² = 60 %, respectively). No significant differences were observed between BDD and HC (SMD = 0.30, 95 % CI: -0.05–0.64, <em>p</em> = 0.09). Subgroup analyses suggested that age may influence the association between NLR and BD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An elevated NLR value is found in BD, particularly in BDM. However, the difference between BDD and HC is not statistically significant. NLR may be a potent biomarker for the identification and evaluation of BD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of a two-dimensional trauma-neglect model: Two-year course of the Dutch Friesland study cohort","authors":"Sanne Swart ,&nbsp;Marleen Wildschut ,&nbsp;Willemien Langeland ,&nbsp;Adriaan W. Hoogendoorn ,&nbsp;Nel Draijer","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>This study tested the prognostic value of a two-dimensional trauma-neglect model by determining clinically relevant change in symptomatology of patients with (comorbid) trauma-related disorders, dissociative disorders and personality disorders after 2-year follow-up</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our cohort consisted of 150 patients who were referred to specialized treatment programs for trauma-related disorders, dissociative disorders or personality disorders. We determined clinically relevant change using the Relevant Change Index and used logistic regression analysis to test the prognostic value of the trauma-neglect model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed that severity of a trauma-related diagnosis predicted clinically relevant change in dissociative symptoms, but not in other symptomatology. The number of personality disorders did not predict clinically relevant change in symptomatology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We found little support for the prognostic value of the trauma-neglect model, and, contrary to our expectation, the severity of symptoms did not predict course in a negative way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment-resistant depression and intranasal esketamine: Spanish clinical consensus on practical aspects","authors":"J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga ,&nbsp;Fernando Mora ,&nbsp;Silvia Arostegui ,&nbsp;Narcís Cardoner ,&nbsp;Jon-Inaki Etxeandia-Pradera ,&nbsp;Rocío Gómez-Juanes ,&nbsp;Marcos Gómez-Revuelta ,&nbsp;José Manuel Montes ,&nbsp;Eduard Vieta","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacological management of major depressive disorder has traditionally relied on antidepressants targeting the monoaminergic pathway. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients have been frequently excluded from registrational trials, resulting in a lack of clear clinical recommendations for an optimised management. In recent years, treatments based on other mechanisms of action have been developed and approved. Intranasal esketamine is a novel non-monoaminergic treatment directed to improve neuroplasticity through the modulation of the glutamatergic system. In this clinical consensus we aimed to provide expert guidance on the use of intranasal esketamine for TRD patients based in our clinical practice in Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scientific committee of nine psychiatrists, experts in TRD in Spain, reviewed the literature (grey literature and articles/scientific communications published in English or Spanish between January 2014 and January 2024 in PubMed). Statements on practical aspects of TRD management with intranasal esketamine were developed in a first meeting following a discussion group approach, refined in a second meeting with a nominal group technique, and finally drafted after consensus in a third meeting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We recommend a treatment algorithm for the management of TRD with intranasal esketamine. Recommendations were made for specific clinical profiles with other psychiatric comorbidities, which are not contraindications, and for patients who do not have at least a 50 % reduction in symptoms during the first induction phase (partial responders at the end of an induction phase). Treatment should be given in the same health centre where the patient normally receives mental care. The patient’s clinical progress will determine early optimisation of intranasal esketamine dose during the induction phase, the need for flexible doses/repeating the induction treatment phase, customisation of management, and treatment duration. We described factors impacting the use of intranasal esketamine and made recommendations on the characteristics of the ideal setting for its administration. Socio-economic aspects of intranasal esketamine were reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first consensus developed in Spain regarding practical aspects of TRD management with intranasal esketamine, with a treatment algorithm for patients who are only partial responders at the end of the induction phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in emergency health care due to suicidal behaviour in youth and adult populations","authors":"Sofía Abascal-Peiró ,&nbsp;Alejandro Porras-Segovia ,&nbsp;Blanca Margarit-Parrondo ,&nbsp;Enrique Baca-García","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in mental health-related ED visits, especially in child and adolescent population. This study aims to analyze trends in emergency care for mental health, including suicidal behaviour, in adolescents over seven years, and compare them with adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational and retrospective study included 33,376 visits, involving 12,159 individuals, to the ED for mental health issues between 2015 and 2021 from two hospitals in Madrid (Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Hospital Rey Juan Carlos). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from electronic health records. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with presentations for suicidal behavior, with odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 %CI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In adults, presenting to the emergency department for suicidal behaviour was significantly associated with family history of suicide (OR=1.497, 95 %CI [1.250–1.794]), higher number of previous suicide attempts (OR=1.376, 95 %CI [1.331–1.422]), and substance intoxication (OR=1.317, 95 %CI [1.132–1.533. In children and adolescents, previous suicide attempts (OR=1.803, 95 %CI [1.485–2.189]), being female (OR=1.848, 95 %CI [1.281–2.666]) and older age (OR=1.113, 95 %CI [1.015–1.222]) were associated with higher odds of presenting for suicidal behaviour. Neurodevelopmental disorders were also significantly associated with increased odds of presenting for suicidal behaviour (OR=5.328, 95 %CI [2.353–12.063]), while psychotic disorders (OR=0.133, 95 %CI [0.032–0.548]) and anxiety disorders (OR=0.282, 95 %CI [0.128–0.622]) were linked to lower odds. In contrast to adults, the percentage of ED visits for suicidal behaviour in children and adolescents increased steadily over the study period, peaking at 30.3 % in 2020</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings underscore the need for age- and gender-specific approaches in the management and prevention of suicidal crises in mental health emergency settings, with special attention to past suicidal behavior and family history as critical risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperprolactinemia in drug-naïve first episode psychosis and its association with BDNF levels","authors":"A Toll ,&nbsp;D Bergé ,&nbsp;L Martínez-Sadurní ,&nbsp;A Trabsa ,&nbsp;V Perez-Sola ,&nbsp;A Mané","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Hyperprolactinemia is a common and well-known side effect of antipsychotic treatment. However, prolactin levels are elevated in drug-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, which suggests that the association between prolactin and psychosis may be more complex than previously thought. One possible hypothesis to explain this association is that prolactin has a neuroprotective effect mediated by BDNF.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>50 drug- naïve FEP were included and clinical characteristics as DUP; tobacco and cannabis use; and BMI were assessed. The PANSS and GAF questionnaires were administered. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine prolactin, TSH, and BDNF levels. All statistical analyses were performed in the whole sample and stratified by sex.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 50 patients, 42 % had hyperprolactinemia (33.3 % of males and 55 % of females). Prolactin levels were negatively correlated with baseline GAF scores in the whole sample and in females but not in males. Prolactin levels were positively and independently associated (regardless of sex, age, BMI, TSH level, tobacco or cannabis use) with BDNF levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prolactin secretion may be dysregulated in drug-naïve FEP, which implies that hyperprolactinemia—a common condition in FEP —may not be solely attributable to antipsychotic treatment. Elevated prolactin levels could reflect a physiological response designed to protect the central nervous system in certain critical situations. This neuroprotective effect could be mediated by increasing BDNF levels. Hyperprolactinemia is common in antipsychotic-naïve FEP. This study shows that higher prolactin levels are associated with elevated BDNF levels, suggesting a neuroprotective effect mediated through BDNF in this patient population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in 4466 mood disorder patients","authors":"Alessandro Miola ,&nbsp;Leonardo Tondo ,&nbsp;Ross J. Baldessarini","doi":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejpsy.2025.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><div>Characteristics of women and men with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) have been described with inconsistent findings requiring additional assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We evaluated clinical characteristics in 4466 consecutive, extensively evaluated mood disorder patients (1491 BD, 2975 MDD; 2795 women, 1671 men) using standard bivariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression modeling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Diagnosis of MDD occurred 2.28- (women) to 1.62- (men) times more than BD, but prevalence of type II BD (BD2) and type I (BD1) did not differ by gender. BD women had more familial mood disorders, early sexual abuse, anxious or cyclothymic temperament, depressive first episodes, depression–[hypo]mania–interval (DMI) and rapid-cycling course, as well as greater %-time depressed in prospective follow-up, with more suicide attempts but fewer suicides than BD men. BD women also showed more co-occurring anxiety disorder, eating disorder and medical comorbidity, including metabolic disorders and cancer, but lower rates of ADHD and substance-abuse than BD men. MDD women experienced more religious activity, sexual abuse, anxious or cyclothymic temperament, co-occurring eating disorder and medical comorbidity as well as less substance-abuse and ADHD than MDD men but did not differ from men in measures of prospective morbidity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Many characteristics were selectively associated with women with mood disorders, but prospective morbidity was similar by gender except for greater %-time depressed among BD women. Limited ethnic diversity and treatment in specialized centers may affect generalizability of these findings to other settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Psychiatry","volume":"39 3","pages":"Article 100303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}