European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献_第5页

Impact of the soil springtail Folsomia candida on the composition, function, and microbial network of root-associated microbes of host plant Sedum plumbizincicola 土壤春尾假丝叶虫对寄主植物天景草根系相关微生物组成、功能和微生物网络的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103748

Shaobing Li , Liming Pu , Zinan Wang , Siyao Liu , Fang Liang , Yuping Ma , Mingyun Jia , Zhu Li , Xin Ke , Longhua Wu

Plant root-associated microorganisms play a major role in promoting plant growth and suppressing pathogenic bacteria. Soil animals in complex soil systems, and especially springtails, interact closely with plants and microorganisms by preying on microorganisms and feeding on roots. However, currently there is a lack of knowledge about how soil springtails modify microbes associated with plant roots. Here the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and endosphere of Sedum plumbizincicola in the presence of a soil springtail were investigated. 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing were used together with assessments of microbial biomass and carbon source utilization in the rhizosphere. The presence of the springtail did not impact the overall diversity of the microbial community or its assembly processes but it did alter the abundance of specific microorganisms. The springtail influenced the relative abundance of the genus Pseudomonas and the class Nitrospira in the rhizosphere. Moreover, the springtail increased the biomass and carbon source utilization of rhizosphere microbes and influenced the abundance of nitrogen cycle genes. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed an increase in the average degree and total number of nodes and edges within the microbial network in the presence of the springtail, indicating heightened microbial interactions and a more stable network. The results indicate that the springtail regulated the ecological functions of plant root-associated microorganisms and highlight for the first time the role of soil springtails in regulating the microbial community and functions associated with plant roots.

植物根系相关微生物在促进植物生长和抑制致病菌方面起着重要作用。复杂土壤系统中的土壤动物，尤其是跳尾动物，通过捕食微生物和以根系为食，与植物和微生物密切互动。然而，目前缺乏关于土壤跳虫如何改变与植物根系相关的微生物的知识。本文研究了在土壤弹簧尾存在的情况下，雨景天根际和内圈的细菌和真菌群落。利用16S rRNA和ITS基因测序，评价根际微生物生物量和碳源利用情况。弹尾虫的存在并不影响微生物群落的整体多样性或其组装过程，但它确实改变了特定微生物的丰度。春尾影响了根际假单胞菌属和硝化螺旋菌纲的相对丰度。此外，春尾增加了根际微生物的生物量和碳源利用率，影响了氮循环基因的丰度。共现网络分析显示，在弹尾虫存在的情况下，微生物网络中节点和边缘的平均程度和总数增加，表明微生物相互作用增强，网络更加稳定。结果表明，土壤跳尾对植物根系相关微生物的生态功能具有调控作用，首次突出了土壤跳尾对植物根系相关微生物群落和功能的调控作用。

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引用次数: 0

From fire to soil: the role of prescribed burns in land snail communities for improve conservation 从火到土：规定烧伤在蜗牛群落中改善保护的作用

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103749

Meritxell Soler Brugués , Vicenç Bros , Santi Ramos , Roger Puig-Gironès

As climate change increases fire intensity and frequency, prescribed burns have become a key tool in ecosystem management. This study examines the effects of prescribed burning, burn frequency, and habitat heterogeneity on soil-dwelling snail communities in Mediterranean ecosystems, aiming to improve fire management to conserve biodiversity while reducing fire risks. Conducted in the Massís del Montgrí (NE Iberian Peninsula), 40 subplots with varying burn histories were sampled. Gastropods were surveyed through active searches for larger snails and soil samples for smaller ones. Vegetation cover, leaf litter, and organic matter content were also measured. Prescribed burns generally reduced snail abundance and richness, with unburnt control areas hosting more snails. Small species were more common in unburnt plots with higher tree cover and organic matter content, while larger species generally thrived in frequently burned areas with higher herbaceous cover. Burn frequency and vegetation cover were key factors shaping snail communities, highlighting the role of fire-driven microhabitat changes – particularly through their effects on organic matter availability – in shifting soil-dwelling snail assemblages. By identifying species-specific responses to fire, this study contributes to our understanding of how fire shapes soil biodiversity and offer insights for prescribed burn regime management. We advocate for context-dependent Integrated Fire Management strategies that balance fire recurrence and intensity with habitat recovery. Adaptive management approaches and ongoing interdisciplinary monitoring will be essential to optimizing fire practices for biodiversity conservation.

随着气候变化增加了火灾的强度和频率，规定燃烧已成为生态系统管理的关键工具。本研究考察了规定焚烧、焚烧频率和生境异质性对地中海生态系统土栖蜗牛群落的影响，旨在改善火灾管理，保护生物多样性，同时降低火灾风险。在Massís del Montgrí（伊比利亚半岛东北部）采样了40个具有不同燃烧历史的子样地。通过主动寻找较大的蜗牛和土壤样本来调查腹足类动物。同时还测量了植被覆盖度、凋落叶和有机质含量。规定的烧伤通常会减少蜗牛的丰度和丰富度，而未烧伤的控制区会有更多的蜗牛。小物种在树木覆盖度和有机质含量较高的未燃烧地块中更为常见，而大物种通常在植被覆盖度较高的频繁燃烧地区繁殖。燃烧频率和植被覆盖是塑造蜗牛群落的关键因素，突出了火灾驱动的微栖息地变化（特别是通过它们对有机质有效性的影响）在土壤蜗牛组合变化中的作用。通过确定物种对火灾的特异性反应，本研究有助于我们了解火灾如何影响土壤生物多样性，并为规定的燃烧制度管理提供见解。我们提倡基于环境的综合火灾管理策略，以平衡火灾的复发和强度与栖息地的恢复。适应性管理方法和持续的跨学科监测对于优化生物多样性保护的实践至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ant-isopod interactions: spanning predation, facilitation, and myrmecophily 反等足类动物的相互作用：跨越捕食、促进和蚁寄生

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103753

Thomas Parmentier , Stefano Taiti , Pallieter De Smedt

Ants and terrestrial isopods are two key groups within soil ecosystems both in terms of their biomass and the vital functions they contribute to. Despite the ecological importance of both groups and their frequent interactions, the dynamics between ants and terrestrial isopods remain poorly understood. We provide a systematic overview and discuss the diverse spectrum of ant-isopod interactions ranging from predation, through facilitation, to myrmecophily.

A limited number of ant species, restricted to the genus Leptogenys, specialize in preying on isopods, while a very broad group of ants opportunistically include them in their diet. To evade ant predation, terrestrial isopods employ defensive strategies such as avoidance, conglobation or secretion of repellent substances. Apart from the direct negative impacts of predation, ants impose several non-lethal effects on terrestrial isopods, influencing their spatial distribution, behaviour, and fitness. Invasive ants may, in contrast, indirectly benefit isopods by feeding on their predators or competitors. A diverse group of isopods are not deterred by ants and reside in their nests. These myrmecophilous isopods vary from facultative associates, which cohabit with ants only occasionally and are represented by many records, to obligate guests that live permanently within ant nests. These obligate guests thrive in ant fortresses by specific behavioural, chemical and morphological adaptations. Their effect on the host can range from negative to neutral, or potentially even beneficial. Though modest in number, with 23 species across 10 genera, the diversity of obligate myrmecophilous isopods showcases a fascinating pattern of independent evolution in soil ecosystems.

蚂蚁和陆生等足类动物是土壤生态系统中的两个关键类群，无论是从它们的生物量还是它们所起的重要作用来看都是如此。尽管蚂蚁和陆生等足类动物在生态上都很重要，而且它们之间的互动也很频繁，但人们对它们之间的动态关系仍然知之甚少。我们提供了一个系统的概述，并讨论了各种各样的抗等足类动物的相互作用，从捕食，通过促进，到食蚁兽。数量有限的蚂蚁种类，仅限于轻足类，专门捕食等足类动物，而非常广泛的蚂蚁群体则机会主义地将它们纳入其饮食中。为了躲避蚂蚁的捕食，陆生等足类动物采用诸如躲避、聚集或分泌驱避物质等防御策略。除了捕食的直接负面影响外，蚂蚁还对陆地等足类动物施加了一些非致命的影响，影响了它们的空间分布、行为和适应性。相比之下，入侵蚂蚁可能通过捕食它们的捕食者或竞争对手，间接地使等足类动物受益。一群不同的等足类动物不会被蚂蚁吓倒，而是住在蚂蚁的巢穴里。这些嗜myrmecophilous等足类动物从偶尔与蚂蚁同居的兼性伙伴（有许多记录）到永久居住在蚂蚁巢穴中的义务客人（有许多记录）不等。这些有义务的客人通过特定的行为、化学和形态适应在蚂蚁堡垒中茁壮成长。它们对宿主的影响从负面到中性，甚至可能是有益的。虽然数量不多，只有10属23种，但专性嗜蜜等足类动物的多样性展示了土壤生态系统中独立进化的迷人模式。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the microbial mechanisms underlying glucose induced soil priming effects under low and high nutrient levels 解读低、高营养水平下葡萄糖诱导土壤启动效应的微生物机制

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103757

Jiaqi Wang , Xichang Zhang , Yingyi Fu , Lukas Van Zwieten , Han Sun , Georg Guggenberger , Lingfei Hu , Yu Luo , Tida Ge , Yakov Kuzyakov

Soil priming effect, which refers to the impact of labile carbon inputs on the decomposition of soil organic matter, plays a significant role in carbon storage. Investigating substrate induced soil priming effects and the involved microbial mechanisms, particularly under nutrients gradient, is central to the understanding of carbon processes and potential accrual in agriculture soil. Thus, a 7 days laboratory incubation was conducted to assess ¹³C labeled glucose induced priming effects in soil receiving the high (TH) and low nutrient (TL) addition. Also, DNA-SIP coupled with metagenomic were adopted to identify the core microbial groups and functional guild responsible for soil priming effects. Here, we found that i) soil priming effects were significantly larger in TL treatment than in the TH treatment, and ii) the larger priming in TL was likely driven by N-mining processes dominated by K-strategy microbes, whereas less priming in TH might be explained by co-metabolism led by r-strategy microbes. Additionally, functional changes of microbial community were revealed by Shotgun sequencing. Both KEGG, EggNOG and CAZymes showed the relative abundance of the functional genes (e.g., GH13_10 and GH77) encoding cellulase enzymes involved in soil organic carbon decomposition were more abundant in TL compared to TH, suggesting higher priming effects in TL was mainly due to the nutrient constraints on microbial demands. This study revealed the main microbial groups and their functions in glucose induced soil priming effects under low and high nutrient levels.

土壤启动效应是指不稳定碳输入对土壤有机质分解的影响，在碳储量中起着重要作用。研究基质诱导的土壤启动效应和相关的微生物机制，特别是在养分梯度下，是理解农业土壤中碳过程和潜在积累的核心。因此，通过7天的实验室培养来评估13C标记葡萄糖在土壤中添加高（TH）和低营养（TL）诱导的启动效应。同时，采用DNA-SIP结合宏基因组技术鉴定土壤启动效应的核心微生物群和功能区系。本研究发现：1)TL处理的土壤启动效应明显大于TH处理；2)TL中较大的土壤启动效应可能是由k策略微生物主导的n挖掘过程驱动的，而TH中较少的土壤启动效应可能是由r策略微生物主导的共代谢引起的。此外，通过霰弹枪测序分析了微生物群落的功能变化。KEGG、EggNOG和CAZymes均显示，与TH相比，TL中编码土壤有机碳分解纤维素酶的功能基因（如GH13_10和GH77）的相对丰度更高，说明TL中较高的启动效应主要是由于养分对微生物需求的限制。本研究揭示了低、高营养水平下葡萄糖诱导土壤启动效应的主要微生物类群及其功能。

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引用次数: 0

Diazotrophic communities shift with organic fertilizer substitution and growth stages in tomato field soil 番茄田土壤重氮营养群落随有机肥替代和生长阶段的变化而变化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103746

Chunmiao Lu , Jiahui Luo , Tianlong Sheng , Yuebin Xie , Yuchen Xian , Yanqiong Jiang , Xiangzhen Li , Minjie Yao

Applying organic fertilizers can improve soil quality, promote the growth of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. Here we investigated the effects of different organic fertilization treatments (organic fertilizer substituting 20 %, 40 % or 60 % of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and increased organic fertilizers at the rate of 45, 90 and 135 t ha⁻¹) on soil diazotrophic communities at different growth stages (seedling, flowering, fruiting and maturity) of tomato. The results indicated that both organic fertilizer treatments and growth stages significantly affected the diversity and compositions of soil diazotrophic community, and organic fertilizer had a greater effect than growth stages. Compared to chemical fertilizer, the organic substitution overall increased the relative abundances of Bradyrhizobium, Skermanella, Paenibacillus and Azospirillum. Increased organic fertilizers raised the relative abundances of Methylocaldum and Hyphomicrobium. Organic substitution treatments increased the network complexity and microbial interactions of diazotrophic communities, but increased organic fertilizers reduced the alpha diversity and network complexity. Organic fertilizer affected the diazotrophic community structure and key taxa mainly through altering soil available nutrients and pH. The key diazotrophic genera varied at different growth stages. Azospirilum and Skermanella played an important role in diazotrophic community assembly in the flowering stage, additionally, Sinorhizobium, Paenibacillus, and Zoogloea were important in the fruiting stage. This study provided a deep understanding of the roles of organic fertilizer in regulating soil diazotrophic communities in tomato field.

施用有机肥可以改善土壤质量，促进固氮细菌的生长，减少对化肥的依赖。研究了不同有机肥处理（有机肥替代20%、40%和60%的化学氮肥，并按45、90和135 t ha−1增加有机肥）对番茄苗期、花期、结实期和成熟期土壤重氮营养群落的影响。结果表明，有机肥处理和生育期均显著影响土壤重氮营养群落的多样性和组成，且有机肥处理的影响大于生育期。与化肥相比，有机替代总体上提高了缓生根瘤菌、Skermanella、Paenibacillus和Azospirillum的相对丰度。有机肥的增加提高了甲基菌和菌丝菌的相对丰度。有机替代处理增加了重氮营养群落的网络复杂性和微生物相互作用，而增加有机肥则降低了α多样性和网络复杂性。有机肥主要通过改变土壤速效养分和ph值来影响重氮营养群落结构和关键类群，不同生长阶段重氮营养关键属有所不同。氮螺旋菌（Azospirilum）和Skermanella在花期重氮营养群落聚集中起重要作用，另外，Sinorhizobium、Paenibacillus和Zoogloea在结果期起重要作用。本研究为深入了解有机肥对番茄田土壤重氮营养群落的调节作用提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Crop rotation and organic fertilizer maintains diversity and activity of cbbL-carrying CO2-fixing bacteria in reclaimed coal mining soils 轮作和有机肥可维持复垦煤矿土壤中携带cbbl的co2固定细菌的多样性和活性

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103759

Shuning Bai , Meihua Fan , Min Wu , Xiaolong Sui , Yibo Song , Yunlong Jiang , Huisheng Meng , Yulin Liu , Xiangying Wang , Xianjun Hao , Yi Li , Jianping Hong , Jie Zhang

CO₂-fixing bacteria are an important factor in restoring soil health in coal mining areas. The impact of crop rotation and fertilization on CO₂-fixing bacteria in reclaimed mining soils remains unclear. To narrow this knowledge gap, in this study, maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture (M) and maize-soybean (Glycine max) rotation (R) cropping systems were set up in a coal-mining reclamation area with four fertilization treatments in each, namely, CK (without fertilization), inorganic fertilizer (F), organic fertilizer (O), and combined organic and inorganic fertilizer (OF). The abundance, diversity, community composition and RubisCO activity of CO₂-fixing bacteria in topsoil under those treatments were investigated respectively using quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing based on the cbbL gene [that encodes ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO)] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that R_O significantly increased easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), total nitrogen (TN), and available nitrogen (AN) (P < 0.05). It also significantly increased the biomass of CO₂-fixing bacteria (P < 0.05) and altered the CO₂-fixing bacterial community. The CO₂-fixing bacteria in R_OF, R_O and M_O exhibited comparable community structures and harbored a greater co-occurrence network complexity than other treatments. Several CO₂-fixing bacteria associated with nitrogen cycling, such as Devosia, Nitrobacter, Hyphomicrobiales and Nitrosospira, were significantly enriched under the maize-soybean rotation system (P < 0.05). This study implied that crop rotation and organic fertilizer application could synergistically foster soil quality restoration in coal mining area by elevating soil nutrients and maintaining biomass, diversity and community structure of cbbL-carrying CO₂-fixing bacteria, establishing a theoretical foundation for optimizing carbon sequestration strategies in post-mining ecological rehabilitation.

固结菌是恢复矿区土壤健康的重要因子。轮作和施肥对复垦矿区土壤中固定co2细菌的影响尚不清楚。为了缩小这方面的知识差距，本研究在某煤矿垦区建立了玉米（Zea mays L.）单作(M)和玉米-大豆（Glycine max）轮作(R)制度，每种施肥处理分别为CK（不施肥）、无机肥(F)、有机肥(O)和有机无机复合肥（OF）。采用定量PCR、基于cbbL基因（编码核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶（RubisCO））的高通量测序和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分别研究了不同处理下表层土壤co2固定菌的丰度、多样性、群落组成和RubisCO活性。结果表明：R_O显著提高了易氧化有机碳（EOC）、总氮（TN）和速效氮（AN） (P <；0.05)。它还显著增加了co2固定菌的生物量(P <；0.05)，并改变了固定co2的细菌群落。与其他处理相比，R_OF、R_O和M_O的co2固定菌群落结构相似，共发生网络复杂性更高。玉米-大豆轮作制度下，与氮循环相关的几种co2固定菌，如Devosia、Nitrobacter、菌丝微生物和亚硝基螺旋体显著富集(P <；0.05)。本研究表明，轮作与有机肥施用可通过提高土壤养分、维持携带cbbl的co2固定菌的生物量、多样性和群落结构，协同促进矿区土壤质量恢复，为优化采煤后生态恢复固碳策略奠定理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Substitution of organic fertilizer did not change the dominant role of biochar on bacterial community stability but the soil carbon fractions 有机肥替代没有改变生物炭对细菌群落稳定性的主导作用，但改变了土壤碳组分

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103744

Husen Qiu , Jieyun Liu , Tida Ge

Biochar and organic fertilizers are used to improve soil carbon retention. However, the interactive roles of biochar and organic fertilizer in stabilizing soil organic carbon (SOC) at different horizons remain unclear. A field experiment with biochar application (0 %, 1 %, and 2 % of dry soil; Control, LB, and HB, respectively) and organic fertilizer substitution (0 %, 20 %, 40 %, and 60 % of inorganic N; T0, T2, T4, and T6, respectively) (fermented sheep manure replacing urea-N)) was conducted to reveal the mechanisms. The SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) contents increased with the biochar addition and organic fertilizer substitution. In the topsoil (0–15 cm), values ranged from 17 to 24 g kg⁻¹ (SOC), 2.03–6.6 g kg⁻¹ (POC), and 15–19 g kg⁻¹ (MAOC). In the subsoil (16–30 cm), the ranges were 16–20 g kg⁻¹ (SOC), 1.2–3.4 g kg⁻¹ (POC), and 14–18 g kg⁻¹ (MAOC). HB combined with organic fertilizer substitution promoted SOC, POC, and MAOC more effectively than biochar alone. The β-1,4-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase (CBH) activities in the topsoil were 1.2–1.6 times higher than those in the subsoil. Increases in biochar reduced the POC/MAOC ratio by limiting CBH activity (P < 0.05). Substituting organic fertilizer increased the POC/MAOC ratio by alleviating the limitation of biochar on bacterial biomass in the soil horizons. Bacterial community composition varied significantly with biochar addition and between soil horizons (P < 0.05). Biochar enhanced the dominant role of heterogeneous selection and increased bacterial network complexity in both the topsoil and subsoil. Based on structural equation modeling, an increase in bacterial negative/positive cohesion significantly improved the proportion of MAOC in the topsoil (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that biochar (but not organic fertilizer substitution) helped improve C storage by decreasing the CBH activity and bacterial biomass, and enhancing network complexity. Thus, it is essential to consider soil horizons when evaluating the dynamic effects of agricultural practices on SOC pools.

使用生物炭和有机肥来提高土壤的碳潴留。然而，生物炭与有机肥在不同水平上稳定土壤有机碳的交互作用尚不清楚。生物炭的田间施用试验（干燥土壤的0%、1%和2%）；对照，LB和HB分别)和有机肥替代(无机氮的0%，20%，40%和60%；分别以T0、T2、T4和T6（发酵羊粪代替尿素- n）为试验条件，探讨其作用机制。土壤有机碳（SOC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿物伴生有机碳（MAOC）含量随生物炭添加和有机肥替代的增加而增加。表层土壤（0 ~ 15 cm） SOC值为17 ~ 24 g kg - 1， POC值为2.03 ~ 6.6 g kg - 1， MAOC值为15 ~ 19 g kg - 1。深层土壤（16 ~ 30 cm）土壤有机碳（SOC）为16 ~ 20 g kg−1，POC为1.2 ~ 3.4 g kg−1，MAOC为14 ~ 18 g kg−1。与单独使用生物炭相比，HB联合有机肥替代对SOC、POC和MAOC的提高效果更好。表层土壤中β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素生物水解酶（CBH）活性是底土的1.2 ~ 1.6倍。增加生物炭通过限制CBH活性降低POC/MAOC比率(P <；0.05)。有机肥替代通过减轻生物炭对土壤层内细菌生物量的限制，提高了POC/MAOC比值。细菌群落组成随生物炭添加量和土壤层数的变化显著(P <；0.05)。生物炭增强了非均质选择的优势作用，增加了表层土壤和底土细菌网络的复杂性。基于结构方程模型，细菌负/正内聚力的增加显著提高了表土中MAOC的比例(P <；0.05)。该研究提供了证据，证明生物炭（而不是有机肥替代）通过降低CBH活性和细菌生物量以及提高网络复杂性来提高碳储量。因此，在评价农业实践对有机碳库的动态影响时，必须考虑土壤层位。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of furrow-applied biochar in enhancing rhizosphere soil microbiota and metabolites in continuous sesame cropping 沟施生物炭提高芝麻连作根际土壤微生物群和代谢物的机制

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103763

Ruiqing Wang , Fengjuan Lyu , Rujie Lyu , Junhai He , Lingen Wei

Biochar application significantly reduces bacterial wilt and boosts yield in continuous sesame cropping, but high costs limit its widespread use. This study used metagenomic and metabolomic analyses to evaluate three biochar application strategies (surface [BR3, 15,000 kg ha⁻¹], furrow [BR4, 1,875 kg ha⁻¹], and no biochar [BR0]) across four sample types (D0/D1: diseased; H0/H1: healthy; rhizosphere/non-rhizosphere), analyzing their effects on microbial community as well as their functional and metabolic profiles in sesame soil. The results showed that BR4 significantly increased sesame yield by 26.57 % compared to the control (BR0). Biochar treatments (BR3/BR4) enhanced the relative abundance of Actinomycetota while suppressing Pseudomonas in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of diseased plants. Sphingobium amiense and S. indicum were differentially abundant in BR3H0 and BR4H0, respectively. We observed disruption of fatty acid metabolism in BR3D0, which was linked to growth inhibition in continuously cropped sesame. BR4H0 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of pyruvate dehydrogenase and the superpathway for de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides. The rhizospheres treated with BR4 from healthy plants showed higher levels of C17-sphinganine (+2.79 percentage points) and 6-[3-(dihydroxyphenyl-methyl)-methoxybutyl]-benzodioxole (+0.18 percentage points) compared to diseased plants. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) identified Jasmine lactone and Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as key metabolite discriminators under positive ion mode, as opposed to Taurochenoxycholate and Palmitic acid under negative ion mode. These findings suggest that furrow-applied biochar at a reduced rate (1,875 kg ha⁻¹) can enhance soil microbial structure, function, and metabolite composition, ultimately improving yield in continuous sesame cropping systems.

在芝麻连作中施用生物炭可显著减少青枯病，提高产量，但成本高限制了其广泛应用。本研究利用宏基因组学和代谢组学分析，在4种样品类型（D0/D1：患病；H0/H1：健康；根际/非根际）中评估了3种生物炭施用策略（地表[BR3, 15,000 kg ha−1]，垄作[BR4, 1,875 kg ha−1]和无生物炭[BR0]），分析了它们对芝麻土微生物群落的影响以及它们的功能和代谢特征。结果表明，与对照（BR0）相比，BR4显著提高了26.57%的芝麻产量。生物炭处理（BR3/BR4）提高了病株根际和非根际土壤放线菌的相对丰度，抑制了假单胞菌。amiense和S. indicum的BR3H0和BR4H0含量差异较大。我们观察到BR3D0脂肪酸代谢的破坏，这与连作芝麻的生长抑制有关。BR4H0处理显著增加了丙酮酸脱氢酶的相对丰度和嘧啶核糖核苷酸从头生物合成的超途径。经BR4处理的健康植株根际中c17 -鞘氨氨酸（+2.79个百分点）和6-[3-（二羟基苯基-甲基）-甲氧基丁基]-苯二氮唑（+0.18个百分点）含量高于患病植株。偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）发现，茉莉内酯和三羟甲基胺甲烷在正离子模式下是关键的代谢物判别因子，而牛磺酸氧胆酸和棕榈酸在负离子模式下是关键的代谢物判别因子。这些结果表明，在芝麻连作系统中，以减量施用生物炭（1875 kg ha - 1）可以改善土壤微生物结构、功能和代谢物组成，最终提高产量。

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引用次数: 0

Pedogenesis of volcanic ash soils determines the soil microbial pool and its contribution to nutrient availability 火山灰土的成土作用决定了土壤微生物库及其对养分有效性的贡献

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103756

John Clunes , Rebecca Hood-Nowotny , Celia Férnandez-Balado , Susan Valle , Sabine Huber , Ferdinand Hartmann , Niklas Bruhn , Christoph Rosinger , Dante Pinochet , Lorena Lagos , Katharina Keiblinger

Pedogenesis is a key factor driving nutrient immobilization and mineralization, particularly relevant in the fertility management of volcanic soils. These processes have a strong effect on plant production, but also on the functionality of a soil microbial pool. This research aimed to determine the effect of substrate addition on soil microbial pool, substrate use and nitrogen availability by performing a double labeling study (¹³C and ¹⁵N isotope labeling) in five different volcanic ash soils under permanent pastures. Disturbed soil samples were collected in five volcanic ash soils between the Andes and Coastal Mountains of Chile to evaluate contrasting pedogenesis. Soils were incubated for 16 days at 20 °C and a 60 % water holding capacity. Destructive sampling was carried out on days 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 16. Labeling was tracked through the consumption by the microbial biomass, functional genes, stoichiometric imbalances between microbial C/N, enzymatic C/N and the release of CO₂ during the incubation period. Ultisol and well-developed Andisol (“Older soils”) with higher organic matter content (∼14 %) showed higher available ¹⁵N contents, higher ¹³C-CO₂ respiration, and immobilization of substrate into microbial biomass (i.e., ¹³C-MBC). This study found that depending on the pedogenesis of the soil, N availability from mineral N and N-acquiring enzyme activities changed as a function of a microbial pool inherent in each soil. Thus, the effect of the initial activity of the soil microbial pool on N availability will allow adjusting fertilization strategies in soils with high levels of organic matter such as volcanic ash soils.

成土作用是驱动养分固定和矿化的关键因素，尤其与火山土壤的肥力管理有关。这些过程对植物生产有很强的影响，但也对土壤微生物库的功能有很大的影响。本研究通过对5种不同永久牧场下的火山灰土壤进行13C和15N同位素双标记研究，以确定添加基质对土壤微生物库、基质利用和氮有效性的影响。在智利安第斯山脉和海岸山脉之间的五个火山灰土壤中收集了扰动土壤样品，以评估对比的土壤形成过程。土壤在20°C和60%保水能力条件下培养16天。在第1、2、3、6、9和16天进行破坏性采样。通过微生物生物量的消耗、功能基因、微生物C/N、酶C/N之间的化学计量失衡以及孵化期间二氧化碳的释放来跟踪标记。有机物质含量较高（~ 14%）的Ultisol和发育良好的andiol（“老土壤”）显示出更高的有效15N含量，更高的13C-CO2呼吸，以及将底物固定为微生物生物量（即13C-MBC）。本研究发现，根据土壤的成土作用，矿质氮和氮获取酶活性的氮有效性随每种土壤中固有的微生物库的功能而变化。因此，土壤微生物库的初始活性对氮有效性的影响将有助于调整有机质含量高的土壤（如火山灰土壤）的施肥策略。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating DNA extraction methods for eDNA metabarcoding of soil invertebrate diversity 土壤无脊椎动物多样性eDNA元条形码提取方法的评价

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103751

Rumakanta Sapkota , Živilė Buivydaitė , Mille Anna Lilja , Lea Ellegaard-Jensen , Anne Winding , Paul Henning Krogh

Metabarcoding of environmental DNA (eDNA) has been increasingly used in assessing soil biodiversity, primarily for microorganisms but also for invertebrates. Currently, conventional morphological identification (CMI) for detecting microarthropods and earthworms involves extracting them via heat treatment or hand-sorting from soil blocks, and subsequent morphological identification. To compare the soil fauna community composition assessment methods, we compared CMI, DNA metabarcoding of heat-extracted invertebrates (comDNA), and DNA extracted directly from soil (eDNA). For eDNA, two commercially available QIAGEN DNA extraction kits were further compared: DNeasy Powerlyzer PowerSoil kit (eDNA_PS), based on 0.25 g of soil, and DNeasy PowerMax soil kit (eDNA_PM), based on 10 g of soil. PowerMax captured higher richness, while PowerSoil captured diversity comparable to that of comDNA. In eDNA and comDNA samples, arthropods dominated the community composition, followed by annelids. Both eDNA and comDNA methods captured several overlapping species,; however, each method also detected unique ASVs. Interestingly, comDNA captured a higher abundance of several ASVs that were not detected in eDNA. Regardless of the methods used, the location of the soil sampled showed a significant effect on soil fauna community structure. Several species detected or shared in DNA-based methods were also shared with CMI, and a few collembolan species detected by eDNA were also correlated with the abundance data from CMI. Further, the community composition of collembolans varied between the comDNA and two eDNA (eDNA_PS, eDNA_PM) methods; however, more than one-third of the species were detected across all three methods. Our findings show the complementarity of eDNA and comDNA and support the integration of DNA-based methods in future soil fauna biodiversity assessment programs.

环境DNA元条形码（eDNA）已越来越多地用于评估土壤生物多样性，主要用于微生物，但也用于无脊椎动物。目前，用于检测微节肢动物和蚯蚓的传统形态鉴定（CMI）包括通过热处理或手工分选从土壤块中提取它们，然后进行形态鉴定。为了比较土壤动物群落组成的评价方法，我们比较了CMI、热提取无脊椎动物DNA元条形码（comDNA）和土壤直接提取DNA （eDNA）。对于eDNA，进一步比较了两种市售的QIAGEN DNA提取试剂盒：基于0.25 g土壤的DNeasy Powerlyzer PowerSoil kit （eDNA_PS）和基于10 g土壤的DNeasy PowerMax soil kit （eDNA_PM）。PowerMax的丰富度较高，而PowerSoil的多样性与comDNA相当。在eDNA和comDNA样品中，节肢动物的群落组成占主导地位，其次是环节动物。eDNA和comDNA方法都捕获了几个重叠的物种；然而，每种方法也检测到独特的asv。有趣的是，comDNA捕获了eDNA中未检测到的几种asv的丰度更高。无论采用何种方法，取样土壤的位置对土壤动物群落结构都有显著影响。基于dna的方法检测到或共享的一些物种也与CMI共享，并且eDNA检测到的一些collebolan物种也与CMI的丰度数据相关。此外，comDNA和eDNA_PS、eDNA_PM两种eDNA方法对collbolans的群落组成存在差异；然而，三种方法都能检测到超过三分之一的物种。我们的研究结果显示了eDNA和comDNA的互补性，并支持在未来的土壤动物生物多样性评估计划中整合基于dna的方法。

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引用次数: 0