European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献

Effects of grassland enclosure on phosphorus bioavailability and microbial nutrient limitations in the karst region of southwest China 草地围封对西南喀斯特地区磷生物有效性和微生物养分限制的影响

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103808

Wangjun Li , Xiaolong Bai , Shun Zou , Bin He , Yurong Yang

Phosphorus (P) availability is a critical factor limiting the restoration of degraded ecosystems in nutrient-poor karst regions. Enclosure has been considered an effective strategy to restore degraded grasslands. However, the mechanisms through which grazing enclosure affects soil P fractions and microbial nutrient limitations in these fragile regions remain unclear. We investigated soil P fractions (resin-P, NaHCO₃–P, NaOH–P, HCl–P, and residual-P) and microbial nutrient limitations along a subalpine grassland restoration chronosequence (3, 9, 15, 23 years enclosure) in the karst area of southwest China. The nutrient limitations of microbes were quantified by enzymatic vector analysis. The results showed that vector length initially increased, then declined, while the angle decreased with the restoration stage, indicating a microbial community shift from P to nitrogen (N) limitation. Residual-P was the dominant fraction, followed by HCl-P, highlighting stable P pool prevalence. Despite this, over the restoration chronosequence, resin-P content increased, and residual-P decreased progressively, indicating enhanced P bioavailability. Random forest model and structural equation model identified soil pH, extracellular enzymes related to carbon (C) and P cycle, and the relative abundance of microbial core taxa (i.e., Actinobacteriota, Glomeromycota) as primary drivers of P availability and microbial nutrient limitations. Overall, our results highlight that long-term enclosure is an effective management strategy for improving P availability and alleviating microbial P limitation in karst grasslands, and also emphasize the importance of specific microbial taxa (high relative abundance and high connectivity within the co-occurrence network) for soil nutrient cycling during grassland restoration.

在营养贫乏的喀斯特地区，磷有效性是限制退化生态系统恢复的关键因素。围护被认为是恢复退化草原的有效策略。然而，放牧对这些脆弱地区土壤磷组分和微生物养分限制的影响机制尚不清楚。研究了西南喀斯特地区亚高山草地恢复时间序列（3、9、15、23年）土壤P组分（树脂P、NaHCO3-P、NaOH-P、HCl-P和残余P）和微生物养分限制。利用酶载体分析法定量微生物的营养限制。结果表明，随着恢复阶段的延长，载体长度呈现先增大后减小的趋势，载体长度角度呈减小趋势，表明微生物群落由磷限制向氮限制转变。残差P占主导地位，其次是HCl-P，表明P池患病率稳定。尽管如此，在恢复的时间序列中，树脂磷含量逐渐增加，残余磷逐渐减少，表明磷的生物利用度增强。随机森林模型和结构方程模型表明，土壤pH、与碳(C)和磷循环相关的胞外酶以及核心微生物类群（放线菌群、肾小球菌群）的相对丰度是磷有效性和微生物养分限制的主要驱动因素。综上所述，长期围封是改善喀斯特草原磷有效性和缓解微生物磷限制的有效管理策略，同时也强调了特定微生物类群（高相对丰度和高共现网络内的连连性）对草地恢复过程中土壤养分循环的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar affects phosphate availability, extracellular enzyme activity, and microbiomes in coarse sandy subsoils 生物炭影响粗砂底土的磷酸盐有效性、胞外酶活性和微生物群

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103800

Paul Iturbe-Espinoza , Esben W. Bruun , Rumakanta Sapkota , Lea Ellegaard-Jensen , Niels Gudmand Christiansen , Carsten T. Petersen , Dorette Müller‐Stöver , Anne Winding

Finely ground biochar has been reported to enhance water retention of coarse sandy subsoils and mitigate drought-induced yield reductions, while its impact on indigenous microbiomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of biochar amendment on the microbiomes of coarse sandy subsoils from two Danish sites. We hypothesized that amendment of high doses of straw biochar would increase water-extractable soil P, affect phosphatases, and modify microbiomes. To test this, subsoils were amended with straw biochar (1–4 % wt) and incubated for 430 days in a mesocosm column experiment with spring barley grown in the topsoil. The activity of three extracellular enzymes and the structure and diversity of the prokaryotic and fungal communities were analyzed at 50 cm depth using 4-methylumbelliferone (MUF)-labeled substrates and 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing, respectively. The biochar amendment affected the extracellular enzyme activity of both subsoils, which exhibited distinct enzyme activity profiles. The biochar amendment led to increased water-extractable phosphate, which, in turn, decreased extracellular phosphomonoesterase activity. Both subsoils harbored different microbiomes, with biochar modifying the prokaryotic community structure while the fungal community structure was almost unchanged. The highest amount of biochar amendment (4 % wt) caused the strongest effects on the microbiomes. We found a significant rise in the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Iamia and an unknown archaeon genus member of Marine Group II. Overall, our findings highlight that the prokaryotic microbiomes in the subsoil are influenced by biochar amendment, with the changes depending on concentration and incubation time. This knowledge is useful for risk assessment of biochar's effects on soil health.

据报道，细磨生物炭可以增强粗砂底土的保水性，减轻干旱导致的产量下降，但其对本地微生物群的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估生物炭改性对丹麦两个地点粗砂底土微生物组的影响。我们假设高剂量的秸秆生物炭会增加水可提取土壤磷，影响磷酸酶，并改变微生物群。为了验证这一点，用秸秆生物炭（1 - 4% wt）对底土进行改性，并在表层土中种植春大麦，在中胚层柱实验中培养430天。利用4- methylumbellliferone （MUF）标记的底物和16S rRNA和ITS2扩增子测序，在50 cm深度分析了三种细胞外酶的活性以及原核生物和真菌群落的结构和多样性。生物炭对两种底土胞外酶活性均有影响，表现出不同的酶活性谱。生物炭改性导致水可提取磷酸盐增加，这反过来又降低了细胞外磷酸单酯酶活性。两种底土的微生物群落结构不同，生物炭改变了原核生物群落结构，而真菌群落结构基本不变。最高生物炭添加量（4% wt）对微生物组的影响最大。我们发现细菌属Iamia和海洋组II中未知的古菌属成员的相对丰度显著增加。总之，我们的研究结果强调了底土中的原核微生物组受到生物炭改性的影响，其变化取决于浓度和孵育时间。这些知识对生物炭对土壤健康影响的风险评估是有用的。

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引用次数: 0

Cattle excreta on Lotus tenuis-promoted grasslands: Exploring soil microbiome and nitrous oxide emissions in the Salado River Basin, Argentina 荷花种植草地上的牛排泄物：探索阿根廷萨拉多河流域土壤微生物群和一氧化二氮排放

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103805

Amira Susana del V. Nieva , Mónica G. Pérez , Cristian J. Antonelli , Alejandro O. Costantini , Oscar A. Ruiz

Cattle production generates inputs such as urine and dung that increase soil microbial diversity by adding organic matter and nitrogen. Legume pastures, such as Lotus tenuis improve soil quality by incorporating nitrogen, influencing microbial communities, and contributing to nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of livestock and pasture systems on soil microbiomes and N₂O emissions within grassland ecosystems. We analysed microbial communities in soils of natural and L. tenuis-promoted grasslands, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and simulated urine and dung depositions in field mesocosms. The results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity between natural and L. tenuis-promoted grasslands across cattle input treatments. Biomarker analysis identified distinct phyla in each type of excreta and grassland system. In natural grasslands, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were prevalent with urine, whereas Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota characterised the soils promoted by L. tenuis. The indicators of the dung-treated soils were Pseudonocardia, Flavobacterium, NP-4, Adhaeribacter, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Novosphingobium, while Brevundimonas, Defluviicoccus, Sphingomonas, Sphingomicrobium, REEP01, Chthoniobacter, Hyphomicrobium, and PSRF01 were microbial indicators of the urine-treated soils. The N₂O emissions were significantly lower in fields with L. tenuis and urine addition compared to natural grasslands under similar conditions, with genera like Brevundimonas, Hyphomicrobium, and Nitrosocosmicus positively correlated with emissions. These findings underscore the role of pasture composition in shaping soil microbiomes and highlight the benefits of legumes, such as L. tenuis, in reducing N₂O emissions, providing an alternative for more sustainable livestock management practices.

牛生产产生的尿液和粪便等投入物通过添加有机物和氮来增加土壤微生物的多样性。豆科牧草，如荷叶草，通过吸收氮、影响微生物群落和促进一氧化二氮（N2O）排放来改善土壤质量。本研究旨在探讨畜牧场系统对草地生态系统土壤微生物组和N2O排放的影响。利用新一代测序技术（NGS）和模拟野外中生态系统的尿液和粪便沉积，对天然草地和羊草种植草地土壤中的微生物群落进行了分析。结果表明，在不同的牛投入处理下，自然草地和羊草促进草地的微生物多样性存在显著差异。生物标志物分析在每种类型的排泄物和草地系统中鉴定出不同的门。在天然草地上，尿中主要存在变形菌群和放线菌群，而羊草菌促进土壤中主要存在酸性菌群和Verrucomicrobiota。粪处理土壤的微生物指标为pseudondimonas、Flavobacterium、NP-4、Adhaeribacter、Pseudoxanthomonas和Novosphingobium；尿处理土壤的微生物指标为Brevundimonas、defluviiccoccus、Sphingomonas、Sphingomicrobium、REEP01、Chthoniobacter、hyphomicroum和PSRF01。在相似条件下，与天然草地相比，添加了羊草和尿液的农田N2O排放量显著降低，Brevundimonas、菌丝微生物和亚硝基菌等属与排放量呈正相关。这些发现强调了牧草组成在塑造土壤微生物组中的作用，并强调了豆科植物（如L. tenuis）在减少一氧化二氮排放方面的益处，为更可持续的牲畜管理实践提供了一种替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Nematode predation mitigates microbial competition to sustain the plant growth-promoting effect of Streptomyces 线虫的捕食减轻了微生物的竞争，以维持链霉菌促进植物生长的作用

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103806

Ke-Fan Huo , Jing-Nan Zhang , Elly Morriën , Ping Liu , Neil B. McLaughlin , Kai-Hong Bai , Zhen-Long Wang , Shi-Xiu Zhang , Lu-Jun Li

Streptomyces, a well-known plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), often shows inconsistent efficacy in soil due to poorly understood interactions with native microbes and soil fauna. This study used factorial pot experiments to investigate how microbial competition and nematode predation influence the growth-promoting effect of Streptomyces on Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), through co-inoculation with indigenous soil microbes or/and nematodes. Compared to inoculation with Streptomyces alone, co-inoculation with either indigenous microbes or nematodes significantly reduced the aboveground dry biomass of A. thaliana, and Streptomyces relative abundance declined by 61.29 % and 79.68 %, respectively. Sequencing showed that Streptomyces introduction altered the indigenous resident community and significantly increased the abundance of functional genes for nutrient competition and antibiotic synthesis, resulting in strong competitive exclusion that impaired its growth-promoting effect. Nematode identification and feeding assays revealed that over 90 % of the nematode community were bacterivores grazing on Streptomyces spores, thereby preventing population recovery and growth-promoting function. However, when Streptomyces, microbes, and nematodes coexisted, the plant growth promotion was restored. This recovery was primarily driven by nematodes selectively grazing on competing taxa, reshaping the resident community and alleviating competitive constraints on Streptomyces, thereby sustaining its plant growth-promoting effect. These findings highlight trophic buffering as a key mechanism maintaining PGPR function in complex soils, which informs future strategies that design and apply PGPR inoculants around multitrophic interactions to achieve more stable field performance.

链霉菌（Streptomyces）是一种众所周知的促进植物生长的根瘤菌（PGPR），由于对其与本地微生物和土壤动物的相互作用知之甚少，其在土壤中的作用往往不一致。本研究采用因子盆栽试验，通过与当地土壤微生物或/和线虫共接种，研究链霉菌对拟南芥（拟南芥）的促生长作用是如何影响微生物竞争和线虫捕食的。与单独接种链霉菌相比，与本地微生物或线虫共接种均显著降低拟南螺旋藻地上干生物量，链霉菌相对丰度分别下降61.29%和79.68%。测序结果表明，链霉菌的引入改变了当地居民群落，显著增加了营养竞争和抗生素合成功能基因的丰度，导致强烈的竞争排斥，削弱了其促进生长的作用。线虫鉴定和取食实验表明，90%以上的线虫群落以链霉菌孢子为食菌，从而阻碍了种群恢复和促进生长的功能。然而，当链霉菌、微生物和线虫共存时，植物生长促进恢复。这种恢复主要是由于线虫选择性地放牧竞争类群，重塑了居民群落，减轻了链霉菌的竞争限制，从而维持了其促进植物生长的作用。这些发现强调了营养缓冲是在复杂土壤中维持PGPR功能的关键机制，这为未来设计和应用PGPR接种剂的策略提供了信息，以实现更稳定的田间性能。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of nutrient homeostasis by soil microbial functional differentiation and metabolic limitations under interactive forest type and Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation 互作林型和环棘混交林土壤微生物功能分化和代谢限制对养分稳态的调节

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103804

Suli Ke , Tingyan Liu , Longfei Hao , Tuya Sharen , Dongmei Ye , Yuan Wang , Yuanlin Wang , Xiaoqiang Wang

The forest-mushroom symbiosis model is a sustainable agroforestry practice; however, the microbial mechanisms driving nutrient cycling under different cultivation patterns remain unclear. This study systematically compared the effects of single (2022) versus continuous (2022 + 2024) cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata on soil microbial communities, metabolic limitations, and nutrient dynamics in three contrasting forest types: Larix gmelinii plantation, Populus davidiana plantation, and a natural secondary forest. Key findings revealed that (1) continuous cultivation universally enhanced microbial biomass carbon (+29.2 % to +83.2 %) but exacerbated carbon limitation, while shifting the primary nutrient limitation from nitrogen in plantations to phosphorus in the secondary forest. (2) Cultivation reshaped microbial communities, enriching copiotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) and differentially stimulating fungal decomposers (Ascomycota in single-cultivation P. davidiana and Basidiomycota in continuous-cultivation secondary forest) (3) These microbial shifts drove divergent nutrient pathways: continuous cultivation boosted available phosphorus and total nutrients in L. gmelinii plantations, whereas single cultivation optimized available nitrogen in P. davidiana plantations. (4) Integrated path analysis revealed that forest type governs total nutrient cycling via metabolic limitations on microbial structure, whereas cultivation mode regulates available nutrients through metabolic constraints, with bacterial abundance as the core positive driver. Unlike previous studies focusing on single environments or substrates, the comprehensive pathway model proposed in this research reveals that continuously cultivated S. rugosoannulata regulates soil nutrient cycling through forest-type-dependent microbial pathways. This finding elucidates the underlying mechanisms behind its differential effects in plantation and secondary forest soils, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the precision management of forest fungal systems.

森林-蘑菇共生模式是一种可持续的农林业实践；然而，在不同的培养模式下，微生物驱动养分循环的机制尚不清楚。在落叶松人工林、大叶杨人工林和天然次生林三种不同类型的林分中，系统比较了单次（2022）与连续（2022 + 2024）栽培对土壤微生物群落、代谢限制和养分动态的影响。主要研究结果表明：(1)连续栽培普遍提高了微生物生物量碳（+ 29.2% ~ + 83.2%），但加剧了碳限制，同时将主要养分限制从人工林的氮转移到次生林的磷。(2)培养重塑了微生物群落，丰富了共同营养细菌（变形菌门和厚壁菌门），不同程度地刺激了真菌分解者（单次培养的紫杉树中的子囊菌门和连作次生林中的担子菌门）。(3)这些微生物的转变驱动了不同的营养途径。连续栽培提高了羊草人工林的速效磷和总养分，而单一栽培优化了羊草人工林的速效氮。(4)综合路径分析表明，森林类型通过对微生物结构的代谢限制来控制总养分循环，而耕作模式通过代谢限制来调节速效养分，细菌丰度是核心的正驱动因素。不同于以往的研究聚焦于单一环境或基质，本研究提出的综合途径模型揭示了连作稻环草通过依赖森林类型的微生物途径调控土壤养分循环。这一发现阐明了其在人工林和次生林土壤中差异效应背后的潜在机制，从而为森林真菌系统的精确管理提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of understory degradation induced by sika deer on soil microarthropods in beech forests: comparison between two different climatic conditions 梅花鹿引起的林下退化对山毛榉林土壤微节肢动物的影响：两种不同气候条件的比较

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103803

Erika Kawakami , Takuo Hishi , Ayumi Katayama

Understory vegetation dominated by dwarf bamboo (Sasa spp.) has been decreasing in Japan because of deer overgrazing. Declining understory vegetation may reduce soil microarthropods abundance. However, the effects of understory degradation on soil microarthropods under various climatic conditions remain poorly understood. We compared soil microarthropods, soil properties, and erosion rates (cm year⁻¹) between rich understory plots (Sasa) and no understory plots (NoSasa) in six beech forests in Kyushu and San-in. The Kyushu region experiences more rainfall and less snow depth than the San-in region. In Kyushu, the abundance of soil microarthropods was 40 % significantly lower in the NoSasa plot than in the Sasa plot, whereas there were no significant differences in San-in. In both regions, soil bulk density was significantly higher in the NoSasa plot, but the effects of understory degradation were larger in Kyushu. These results suggest that understory degradation leads to soil runoff and reduces habitable pore spaces for soil microarthropods. Additionally, structural equation modelling analysis indicated that soil erosion following understory degradation was influenced by climatic conditions, and the increase in bulk density induced by soil erosion reduced the abundance of soil microarthropods. This finding suggests that the effects of understory degradation on soil microarthropods via changes in bulk density vary depending on climatic conditions and are stronger in erosion-prone areas. Our results imply that prevention measures for understory vegetation are urgently needed to maintain soil biodiversity, particularly in regions with climatic conditions that are highly susceptible to soil erosion.

由于鹿群的过度放牧，以矮竹（Sasa spp.）为主的林下植被正在减少。林下植被的减少可能会减少土壤微节肢动物的丰度。然而，不同气候条件下林下退化对土壤微节肢动物的影响尚不清楚。我们比较了九州和三县6个山毛榉森林中阔叶林下样地（Sasa）和无林下样地（NoSasa）的土壤微节肢动物、土壤性质和侵蚀速率（cm - 1）。与三仁地区相比，九州地区的降雨量更多，积雪深度更少。九州NoSasa样地土壤微节肢动物丰度比Sasa样地低40%，而San-in样地差异不显著。在这两个地区，NoSasa样地的土壤容重显著高于NoSasa样地，但九州样地林下植被退化的影响更大。这些结果表明，林下退化导致土壤径流，减少了土壤微节肢动物的宜居孔隙空间。此外，结构方程模型分析表明，林下植被退化后的土壤侵蚀受气候条件的影响，土壤侵蚀引起的容重增加减少了土壤微节肢动物的丰度。这一发现表明，林下退化通过体积密度变化对土壤微节肢动物的影响因气候条件而异，在易侵蚀地区影响更大。我们的研究结果表明，为了保持土壤生物多样性，特别是在气候条件极易受到土壤侵蚀的地区，迫切需要对林下植被采取预防措施。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar amendment slowed down the decomposition of wheat residue by suppressing the population of wheat residue-decomposers in bacterial community 生物炭改性通过抑制小麦残渣细菌群落中分解者的数量来减缓小麦残渣的分解

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103802

Benjuan Liu , Zijie Liu , Wanqin Yang , Dan Wang , Qi Liu , Yifan Li , Jianfeng Hou , Zubin Xie

Straw returning is vital for supplying available carbon to maintain microbial functions. The effects of irreversible biochar accumulation, resulting from long-term continuous biochar application or one-time high-dose application, on straw decomposition are of great importance to agricultural practices, yet they remain poorly understood. Therefore, a 30-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the straw decomposition rate and the functional bacteria involved in the decomposition process under high-dose biochar amendment (9 %, w/w), employing ¹³C-labeled wheat residue and ¹³C-DNA stable isotope probing technique coupled with high-throughput sequencing, following three treatments: soil only, soil added with wheat residue, and soil added with both wheat residue and biochar. Results showed that biochar markedly reduced the decomposition rate of wheat residue (p < 0.05), which was attributed to its suppression of the population size of wheat-residue-decomposing bacteria (p < 0.05). However, both the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Pielou evenness index of the wheat residue-decomposer community were significantly elevated, and neither showed a significantly positive relationship with the decomposition rate. The families Oxalobacteraceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae were the dominant wheat-residue decomposers, and their population sizes were markedly suppressed by biochar, particularly during the early stages of decomposition. Paenibacillaceae 1, mainly comprising the genera Paenibacillus and Cohnella, was a unique plant residue-decomposer and stimulated in the presence of biochar, suggesting its preference for the high pH conditions created by biochar. This study concluded that large amounts of accumulated biochar will aggravate the difficulty in straw decomposition, potentially harming the straw returning measure.

秸秆还田对提供有效碳以维持微生物功能至关重要。长期连续施用生物炭或一次性大剂量施用生物炭导致的不可逆生物炭积累对秸秆分解的影响在农业实践中具有重要意义，但对其的认识尚不充分。为此，本研究采用13c标记小麦秸秆和13C-DNA稳定同位素探测技术，结合高通量测序技术，在高剂量生物炭（9%,w/w）处理下，采用纯土壤处理、添加小麦秸秆处理和同时添加小麦秸秆和生物炭处理3种处理方式，进行30 d室内培养实验，研究秸秆在高剂量生物炭处理下的分解速率和参与分解过程的功能菌。结果表明，生物炭显著降低了小麦秸秆的分解速率（p < 0.05），这是由于生物炭抑制了小麦秸秆分解菌的数量（p < 0.05）。小麦残体分解者群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著升高，且均与分解速率呈显著正相关。草藻菌科（Oxalobacteraceae）、伯克霍尔德菌科（burkholderaceae）和黄病菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）是小麦秸秆的优势分解者，生物炭显著抑制了它们的种群规模，特别是在分解的早期阶段。Paenibacillaceae 1主要包括Paenibacillus属和Cohnella属，是一种独特的植物残渣分解者，在生物炭的存在下受到刺激，表明它更喜欢生物炭产生的高pH条件。本研究认为，大量堆积的生物炭会加重秸秆分解的难度，对秸秆还田措施造成潜在危害。

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引用次数: 0

Responses of the earthworms Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa to wheat straw provision across a range of residue sizes 不同秸秆大小下地蚓和土石蚓对麦秸供应的响应

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103799

Peter Bentley, Kevin R. Butt

Earthworm mediated incorporation of soil surface applied crop residues could provide benefits to belowground ecosystem services, such as an increased rate of soil formation and carbon sequestration. In addition, increased soil organic matter within the upper soil profile can increase food availability for other soil fauna and microorganisms, with potential benefits for soil structure and health. Previous research has assessed the potential mass of surface applied organic matter that can be assimilated by earthworms; however, particle size of material may limit the rate of bioturbation and influence earthworm function and behaviour. The aims of the present study were to investigate the preference and utilisation of wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw residues at different particle sizes by two common, temperate earthworm species, Lumbricus terrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa. These were addressed within controlled laboratory experiments, where two different scales were tested: Expt 1; with 3 modal straw lengths, as determined from the field post-harvest (40, 20 and 1 cm); and Expt 2; micro particle sizes (1 cm and 1 mm). The effect of straw length on earthworm utilisation was tested by earthworm incubation experiments in plastic bags, where removal from the soil surface was measured over a period of 8 weeks in monocultures and mixed species treatments. Litter removal was investigated by mass depletion over time and depth of incorporation. Choice chambers were used to quantify straw selection and removal at micro particle size. Expt 1 showed straw removal (63 ± 6 %) was significantly higher with a L. terrestris monoculture and 1 cm length. The largest masses of straw were incorporated at 0–60 mm depth of soil. There was no evidence to support a facilitation effect of L. terrestris on A. caliginosa, and increased earthworm mortality was detected in mixed species treatments. The choice chambers of Expt 2 indicated a preference for 1 mm particle size by both earthworm species with a more rapid use by L. terrestris than A. caliginosa. These experiments highlight how retention of straw residues on the field, linked with tillage practices and further straw management post-harvest could have significant implications for plant protection and earthworm populations.

蚯蚓介导的地表作物残茬土壤掺入可以为地下生态系统服务提供益处，例如增加土壤形成和碳固存的速度。此外，上层土壤剖面中土壤有机质的增加可以增加其他土壤动物和微生物的食物供应，对土壤结构和健康有潜在的好处。以前的研究已经评估了蚯蚓可以吸收的表面施用有机物的潜在质量；然而，材料的粒径可能会限制生物扰动的速度，并影响蚯蚓的功能和行为。本研究的目的是研究两种常见的温带蚯蚓蚓蚓对不同粒径的小麦秸秆秸秆秸秆的偏好和利用。这些都是在受控实验室实验中解决的，其中测试了两种不同的量表：出口1；采用3种秸秆模态长度，由收获后田间测定（40、20和1厘米）；和出口2；微颗粒尺寸（1厘米和1毫米）。通过在塑料袋中进行蚯蚓孵化实验，测试了秸秆长度对蚯蚓利用的影响，在单一栽培和混合物种处理中，在8周的时间内测量了蚯蚓从土壤表面的去除量。通过随时间和掺入深度的质量损耗来研究垃圾去除。选择室用于量化秸秆在微观粒度上的选择和去除。实验1显示，1 cm长度的单株地屈草秸秆去除率（63±6%）显著高于单株地屈草。在0-60 mm深度的土壤中加入了最大质量的稻草。没有证据支持土生l.s terrestris对caliginosa的促进作用，并且在混合种处理中发现蚯蚓死亡率增加。结果表明，两种蚯蚓均对粒径为1 mm的蚯蚓有较大的偏好，其中陆生蚯蚓对1 mm粒径蚯蚓的利用速度较快。这些实验突出了秸秆秸秆在田间的保留，与耕作方法和收获后进一步的秸秆管理相联系，如何对植物保护和蚯蚓种群产生重大影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of forest management intensity on soil microbial diversity and community assembly in Carya cathayensis plantations 森林经营强度对山核桃人工林土壤微生物多样性和群落聚集的影响

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103798

Wei Fang , jing Gao , Shuai Shao , Chenfei Liang , Junhui Chen , Hua Qin , Qiufang Xu

Intensive management of Carya cathayensis (C. cathayensis) plantations has been linked to soil degradation and increased disease incidence, yet the underlying shifts in rhizosphere microbial communities remain poorly understood. We compared rhizosphere soils from non-managed forest(NF), reduced-management forest(RF), and intensive-management forest(IF) stands across two towns in Zhejiang, China. With increasing management intensity, soil fertility and enzyme activities declined, bacterial diversity and network stability decreased, whereas fungal diversity tended to increase. Bacterial community assembly was predominantly deterministic and became more so under intensive management, whereas fungal assembly remained largely stochastic. Management intensity did not directly regulate microbial assembly; instead, soil chemical properties and enzyme activities mediated these patterns. Several microbial taxa responded strongly to management intensity and were significantly correlated with community assembly processes. These findings reveal consistent associations between management intensity and rhizosphere microbial patterns across two landscapes, despite potential site-related variation. Reducing management intensity favours microbial network complexity and stability, offering microbiome-based avenues for sustainable C. cathayensis forestry.

山核桃（C. cathayensis）人工林的集约化管理与土壤退化和疾病发病率增加有关，但根际微生物群落的潜在变化仍然知之甚少。我们比较了中国浙江两个城镇的非经营森林（NF）、减少经营森林（RF）和集约经营森林（IF）的根际土壤。随着管理强度的增加，土壤肥力和酶活性下降，细菌多样性和网络稳定性下降，真菌多样性有增加的趋势。细菌群落的聚集主要是确定性的，在集约化管理下变得更加明显，而真菌的聚集在很大程度上仍然是随机的。管理强度对微生物聚集没有直接调节作用；相反，土壤化学性质和酶活性介导了这些模式。一些微生物类群对管理强度响应强烈，并与群落组装过程显著相关。这些发现揭示了两种景观中管理强度和根际微生物模式之间的一致关联，尽管存在潜在的与地点相关的差异。降低管理强度有利于微生物网络的复杂性和稳定性，为杉木林业的可持续发展提供了基于微生物组学的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Short-term effect of changing water regimes on the soil nematode community in rice-duckweed system under water-saving irrigation 节水灌溉条件下水稻-浮萍系统土壤线虫群落变化的短期效应

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103791

Zeeshan Ahmed , Junzeng Xu , Weixuan Liu , Xiaoyin Liu , Yawei Li , Hang Guo , Shengyu Chen

Rice agroecosystems have garnered global attention owing to a unique transition from traditional flooding to water-saving practices, such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, which features a dual-habitat ecosystem with high biodiversity throughout the growing period. Nematodes' taxonomic bioindication potential could reveal perturbations in the soil environment and changes in food web status under AWD. However, the influence of changing dual modes (dry and wet habitats) with duckweed (D) on nematodes was often overlooked. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to quantify the impact of flooding irrigation, and alternate wetting and drying irrigation on nematode abundance across four treatments: flooding irrigation with (FI + D) and without duckweed (FI), alternate wetting and drying irrigation with (AWD + D) and without (AWD) duckweed. For flooding irrigation, soil samples were taken at tillering, pre-mid-season drainage (MD), and at flowering post-MD. Similarly, for alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering and flowering for respective dry and wet cycles. The first AWD dry-cycle with duckweed (AWD + D) significantly reduced nematode abundance compared to the wet cycle (AWD + D) (P < 0.033). In FI, MD significantly reduced nematode abundance (P < 0.007) compared to FI + D. Factor prediction analytics showed that pH in the FI post-MD and

[{NH}_{4}^{+} - N]

in flooded and AWD-integrated treatments were the most influential abiotic drivers governing nematode taxonomic and functional diversity. AWD dry-wet cycles with duckweed, fuel colonizer CP (1–2, r-strategists) nematodes, indicating better soil health and higher microbial turnover than without duckweed. The AWD drying cycle with duckweed produced more mature, fertile soils with balanced bacterivores/fungivores and moderate C:N ratios, and demonstrated suppressive properties, which further seek an investigation into the link between soil biochemical enrichment from decomposing duckweed.

水稻农业生态系统因其独特的从传统洪涝向节水措施的转变而受到全球关注，如干湿交替灌溉（AWD），其特点是在整个生长期具有高生物多样性的双生境生态系统。线虫的分类生物指示潜力可以揭示土壤环境的扰动和食物网状态的变化。然而，改变浮萍(D)的双重模式（干湿生境）对线虫的影响往往被忽视。因此，通过田间试验，定量研究了（FI + D）和不含浮萍（FI）、（AWD + D）和不含浮萍（AWD） 4种处理下，漫灌和干湿交替灌溉对线虫丰度的影响。对于漫灌，在分蘖、季前中期排水（MD）和开花后排水（MD）时采集土壤样品。同样，在分蘖期和开花期分别进行干湿交替灌溉。与湿循环（AWD + D）相比，带浮萍的第一个AWD干循环（AWD + D）显著降低了线虫的丰度（P < 0.033）。因子预测分析表明，与FI + d相比，MD显著降低了FI的线虫丰度（P < 0.007）， MD后FI的pH和水淹和awd综合处理的[NH4+−N]是影响线虫分类和功能多样性的最具影响力的非生物驱动因素。有浮萍的AWD干湿循环，燃料定殖者CP （1-2, r-strategists）线虫比没有浮萍的土壤更健康，微生物周转更高。有浮萍的AWD干燥循环产生了更成熟、更肥沃、食菌平衡、碳氮比适中的土壤，并表现出抑制作用，进一步探索浮萍分解与土壤生化富集的关系。

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引用次数: 0