European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献_第2页

Soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry indicates that litter quality regulates soil microbial nutrient demand in a Tibetan alpine meadow 土壤酶活性和化学计量表明，西藏高寒草甸的枯落物质量调节着土壤微生物的养分需求

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103686

Xiaoping Wang , Yinshan Ma , Shiting Zhang

The effects of litter quality on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities have been widely documented; however, the specific relationship between soil enzyme activity, stoichiometry and their interactions with litter and soil properties across varying litter qualities remain unclear. Freshly fallen leaves of six species were collected and divided into low- and high-quality litter based on decomposition rates. We assessed the activities of carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)- and phosphorus (P)-acquiring enzymes—β-1,-4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (AP)—along with biotic and abiotic factors affecting enzyme activities (dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in litter and soil) at five time points over 673 d. Enzyme vector analysis showed that vector lengths (microbial C limitation) were the largest across all treatments after 309 d, and all vector angles were > 45°, suggesting that soil microbes were more limited by P than by N during decomposition process. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry were driven by different variables, depending on litter quality. In the control, soil dissolved organic carbon (SDOC) and phosphorus (SDOP) were the primary predictors of soil enzyme activity, while under low-quality litter addition, litter dissolved organic carbon (LDOC) and soil dissolved organic nitrogen (SDON) were the most influential factors, and under high-quality litter addition, litter microbial biomass carbon (LMBC), SDOC, and SDON were key drivers. Furthermore, SDOC was significantly and negatively correlated with vector length, explaining the greatest variation in soil enzyme stoichiometry across all treatments. Vector length and angle were better explained by LDOC and litter microbial biomass phosphorus (LMBP) under low-quality litter addition, in contrast, by litter microbial biomass nitrogen (LMBN) and litter dissolved organic nitrogen (LDON) under high-quality litter addition. Our results highlight that litter quality modulates soil microbial metabolism by influencing dissolved organic matter and microbial biomass in both litter and soil layers. This study reveals the mechanism mediating soil microbial metabolism during litter decomposition, which is crucial for understanding C and nutrient cycling in alpine grassland ecosystems.

枯落物质量对土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响已被广泛记录；然而，不同质量的枯落物中土壤酶活性、化学计量及其与枯落物和土壤性质之间相互作用的具体关系仍不清楚。我们收集了六个物种的新鲜落叶，并根据分解率将其分为低质和优质枯落物。我们评估了碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）获取酶--β-1,-4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、β-1,4-N-乙酰葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、亮氨酸氨肽酶（LAP）和酸性磷酸酶（AP）的活性、和酸性磷酸酶（AP），以及影响酶活性的生物和非生物因素（废弃物和土壤中的溶解有机物和微生物生物量）。酶矢量分析表明，309 d 后，矢量长度（微生物 C 限制）在所有处理中最大，且所有矢量角度均为 45°，表明在分解过程中，土壤微生物受 P 的限制大于受 N 的限制。冗余分析（RDA）和结构方程模型（SEM）表明，土壤酶活性和化学计量受不同变量的驱动，这取决于枯落物的质量。在对照组中，土壤溶解有机碳（SDOC）和磷（SDOP）是土壤酶活性的主要预测因子；在低质量垃圾添加情况下，垃圾溶解有机碳（LDOC）和土壤溶解有机氮（SDON）是最具影响力的因素；在高质量垃圾添加情况下，垃圾微生物生物量碳（LMBC）、SDOC和SDON是关键驱动因素。此外，SDOC 与矢量长度呈显著负相关，可解释所有处理中土壤酶化学计量的最大差异。在添加低质量枯落物的情况下，LDOC 和枯落物微生物生物量磷（LMBP）能更好地解释矢量长度和角度；相比之下，在添加高质量枯落物的情况下，枯落物微生物生物量氮（LMBN）和枯落物溶解有机氮（LDON）能更好地解释矢量长度和角度。我们的研究结果突出表明，垃圾质量通过影响垃圾层和土壤层中的溶解有机物和微生物生物量来调节土壤微生物代谢。这项研究揭示了枯落物分解过程中土壤微生物新陈代谢的调节机制，这对了解高寒草地生态系统的碳和养分循环至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Faba bean-wheat intercropping controls the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt by improving the microecological environment of rhizosphere soil 蚕豆-小麦间作通过改善根瘤土壤的微生态环境控制蚕豆镰刀菌枯萎病的发生

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103685

Yiran Zheng , Jing Zhang , Dongsheng Wang, Siyin Yang, Zixuan Cen, Yan Dong

Background

Fusarium wilt is a severe soil-borne disease that affects faba bean production. Faba bean-wheat intercropping is often used to control the occurrence of Fusarium wilt in faba bean.

Aims

To evaluate the effects of faba bean-wheat intercropping on the occurrence of faba bean Fusarium wilt and soil microecology.

Methods

We established two planting patterns, faba bean monocropping (M) and faba bean-wheat intercropping (I), to investigate Fusarium wilt occurrence and plant dry weight and assess changes in soil enzyme activities, microbial diversity, and community composition during different stages of disease onset.

Results

Intercropping effectively controlled faba bean Fusarium wilt at the three disease stages and increased the dry weight of faba bean plants. Intercropping promoted the activities of catalase (CAT), urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean at three disease stages. Bacterial and fungal diversity decreased with disease progression, and intercropping mitigated this trend. Compared with monocropping, intercropping increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Gemmatimonas, Conexibacter, and Sphingomonas, while reducing the abundance of pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. Intercropping also increased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhiza, soil saprophytes, and undefined saprophytes while decreasing the abundance of plant pathogens.

Conclusion

Faba bean-wheat intercropping enhanced soil enzyme activities, effective nutrient content, and alpha diversity indices of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of faba bean, while promoting the abundance of beneficial bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as well as both soil and undefined humus. Simultaneously, intercropping reduced the abundance of plant pathogens, facilitated nutrient cycling in the soil, provided sufficient nutrients for crop uptake, and mitigated the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide on cells. Ultimately, this resulted in a reduced occurrence of Fusarium wilt.

背景镰刀菌枯萎病是一种严重影响蚕豆生产的土传病害。目的评估蚕豆-小麦间作对蚕豆镰刀菌枯萎病发生和土壤微生态的影响。方法我们建立了两种种植模式，即蚕豆单作（M）和蚕豆-小麦间作（I），调查镰刀菌枯萎病的发生情况和植株干重，并评估发病不同阶段土壤酶活性、微生物多样性和群落组成的变化。在三个发病阶段，间作能提高蚕豆根瘤土壤中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。细菌和真菌的多样性随着病害的发展而减少，而间作减轻了这一趋势。与单作相比，间作增加了有益细菌的数量，如蛋白细菌、放线菌、革马提那菌、革马提那菌、锥菌和鞘氨单胞菌，同时降低了致病真菌的数量，如交替孢霉、多孢霉和镰刀菌。结论蚕豆-小麦间作提高了蚕豆根圈土壤中的土壤酶活性、有效养分含量以及细菌和真菌的α多样性指数，同时促进了有益菌、丛枝菌根真菌以及土壤和未确定腐殖质的丰度。同时，间作减少了植物病原体的数量，促进了土壤中的养分循环，为作物吸收提供了充足的养分，并减轻了过氧化氢对细胞的毒性作用。最终减少了镰刀菌枯萎病的发生。

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引用次数: 0

Differences in succession of bacterial communities during co-cultivation of corn straw with different soils 玉米秸秆与不同土壤共耕期间细菌群落演替的差异

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103683

Shuang Liu, Qingxin Meng, Yujia Li, Zhigang Wang, Weihui Xu, Yingning Sun, Zhidan Yu, Yunlong Hu

Managing carbon inputs from straw can pave the way towards carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. Straw decomposition by cooperative microbial actions is an important process of carbon cycling in nature, and in this process, microbial communities are constantly in succession. Soil is rich in microorganisms and can be a source of microbial for straw degradation. In this study, corn straw was mixed with different soil types and incubated in conical flasks for 70 days. Bacterial diversity and community structure were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Then, the effects of physicochemical parameters and enzyme activities on the composition of bacterial communities at different stages were evaluated. The results showed that bacterial diversity decreased during co-cultivation. The differences in bacterial communities between all treatments were greater in the later stages, with Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota as the major phyla. Among them, the biomarkers at different times for different treatments included Sphingomonas, Mycobacterium, Oceanobacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Saccharomonospora. All of them showed cellulose degradation capacity; thus, the organic matter gradually decreased during the co-cultivation. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), cellulase, β-glucosidase, and filter paper (FPase) activities had a significant effect on bacterial communities at different stages. Our findings suggested that soil microbial communities can be an effective source of cellulose-degrading microorganisms, and corn straw co-cultivation with different soil types increased the abundance of cellulose-degrading bacteria, which provides the theoretical basis for efficient cellulose-degrading agent screening.

管理来自秸秆的碳输入可以为实现碳中和和减缓气候变化铺平道路。微生物合作分解秸秆是自然界碳循环的一个重要过程，在此过程中，微生物群落不断更替。土壤中含有丰富的微生物，可以作为秸秆降解的微生物源。本研究将玉米秸秆与不同类型的土壤混合，并在锥形瓶中培养 70 天。使用 16S rRNA 测序测定了细菌多样性和群落结构。然后，评估了不同阶段理化参数和酶活性对细菌群落组成的影响。结果表明，细菌多样性在共培养过程中有所下降。所有处理之间的细菌群落差异在后期阶段都较大，主要以假单胞菌、放线菌和芽孢杆菌为主。其中，不同处理不同时间的生物标志物包括鞘氨单胞菌、分枝杆菌、海洋杆菌、链霉菌、假单胞菌、黄杆菌和酵母菌。它们都具有降解纤维素的能力，因此在共培养过程中有机物质逐渐减少。典型对应分析（CCA）表明，pH 值、有机质（OM）、电导率（EC）、纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和滤纸酶（FPase）活性对不同阶段的细菌群落有显著影响。我们的研究结果表明，土壤微生物群落可作为纤维素降解微生物的有效来源，玉米秸秆与不同类型土壤共培养可提高纤维素降解菌的丰度，这为高效纤维素降解剂的筛选提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

The combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application reduced soil multifunctionality in Qinghai-Tibet plateau grasslands, China 氮磷联合施肥降低了中国青藏高原草地的土壤多功能性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103684

Yang Wu , HuaKun Zhou , WenJing Chen , HaoXiang Xue , HongFei Liu , Jie Wang , ShaoJuan Mao , GuoBin Liu , Sha Xue

The impact of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer inputs on soil nutrient cycling and ecological function processes has garnered significant attention. Soil multifunctionality primarily refers to the soil's ability to perform multiple functions simultaneously, particularly the functions related to the genes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, which are critical for ecosystem sustainability. Despite this, the effects of N and P fertilizers on the expression of genes involved in soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, and their consequent influence on soil multifunctionality, remain unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a long-term nine-year experiment. The experimental site was fenced to prevent grazing and included four treatments: Control (no fertilizer), N (10 g N m⁻² y⁻¹, urea), P (5 g P m⁻² y⁻¹, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂), and NP (10 g N and 5 g P m⁻² y⁻¹, urea and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂). We examined the effects of these treatments on soil microbial functional gene abundance and multifunctionality. Our findings revealed that N addition altered the composition of soil microbial functional genes but did not affect functional diversity. Both N and P inputs, as well as their combination, negatively impacted soil carbon fixation and the genes encoding enzymes for the degradation of starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, and chitin. N input also disrupted soil nitrogen and phosphorus cycling by inhibiting the expression of soil denitrification genes (nirS and nosZ), phytate hydrolase gene (cphy), and a phosphatase gene (phoD). Additionally, P input significantly inhibited functional genes involved in soil nitrification, denitrification, ammonification, nitrogen fixation, and ammonia oxidation processes. It also adversely affected phytate synthesis and degradation. The combined N and P inputs had a substantial negative impact on soil nitrification (hao), denitrification (narG, nirK, nirS, and norZ), ammonification (gdh), nitrogen fixation, annamox, and nitrogen reduction, and inhibited the expression of soil phosphorus cycle genes. Long-term phosphorus application was found to have a more detrimental effect on soil multifunctionality compared to nitrogen application. Furthermore, our study showed that vegetation diversity and abundance are crucial drivers of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling functional genes and multifunctionality. We concluded that N and P inputs alter soil multifunctionality by influencing vegetation diversity; therefore, maintaining vegetation diversity is essential for sustaining soil multifunctionality.

氮（N）和磷（P）肥料的投入对土壤养分循环和生态功能过程的影响已引起人们的极大关注。土壤多功能性主要指土壤同时执行多种功能的能力，特别是与碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）循环相关的基因功能，这些功能对生态系统的可持续性至关重要。尽管如此，氮肥和磷肥对参与土壤碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）循环的基因表达的影响及其对土壤多功能性的影响仍不清楚。为此，我们进行了一项为期九年的长期实验。实验场地用围栏围住以防止放牧，包括四个处理：对照（不施肥）、氮（10 克氮 m-2 y-1、尿素）、磷（5 克磷 m-2 y-1、Ca(H2PO4)2）和氮磷钾（10 克氮和 5 克磷 m-2 y-1、尿素和 Ca(H2PO4)2）。我们研究了这些处理对土壤微生物功能基因丰度和多功能性的影响。我们的研究结果表明，氮的添加改变了土壤微生物功能基因的组成，但并不影响功能多样性。氮和磷的输入及其组合对土壤碳固定以及淀粉、半纤维素、纤维素和几丁质降解酶的编码基因产生了负面影响。氮的输入还抑制了土壤反硝化基因（nirS 和 nosZ）、植酸水解酶基因（phy）和磷酸酶基因（phoD）的表达，从而破坏了土壤的氮磷循环。此外，P 的输入明显抑制了参与土壤硝化、反硝化、氨化、固氮和氨氧化过程的功能基因。它还对植酸的合成和降解产生不利影响。氮和磷的联合投入对土壤硝化（hao）、反硝化（narG、nirK、nirS 和 norZ）、氨化（ghdh）、固氮、氨氧化和氮还原产生了很大的负面影响，并抑制了土壤磷循环基因的表达。与施氮相比，长期施磷对土壤多功能性的不利影响更大。此外，我们的研究还表明，植被多样性和丰度是土壤碳、氮、磷循环功能基因和多功能性的关键驱动因素。我们的结论是，氮和磷的输入通过影响植被多样性来改变土壤的多功能性；因此，保持植被多样性对维持土壤多功能性至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Bacteria contribute more than fungi to SOC decomposition in a paddy field under long-term free-air CO2 enrichment 在长期自由空气二氧化碳富集条件下，细菌比真菌对稻田中 SOC 分解的贡献更大

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103682

Meiling Xu , Feifan Zhang , Ling Zhang , Hongze Zhang , Caixian Tang , Xiaozhi Wang , Jing Ma , Qiao Xu

Microbial responses to future climate change are important in determining soil organic carbon cycling and evaluating carbon-climate feedback. Paddy soils from a 15-year free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment were incubated and analyzed to reveal the responses of soil microbial activity, community diversity and composition to the soil depth and elevated CO₂. Network topology analysis was conducted to determine microbial complexity and stability, and Mantel tests were used to analyze the correlation between bacteria and fungi and soil respiration. Elevated CO₂ stimulated cumulative soil respiration (topsoil 6.2 %, subsoil 21.8 %), which was positively correlated with bacterial diversity. The elevated CO₂ effects on the microbial community were greater in the topsoil than in the subsoil, namely, bacterial diversity was increased by 2.1 % in the topsoil (0–15 cm). Elevated CO₂ also increased the abundance of Nitrospirota in the top- but not in the subsoil. Fungal diversity and phyla were not affected by elevated CO₂, but fungal diversity was significantly correlated with the contents of soil DOC, total dissolved N, and total P in the subsoil. Compared to the subsoil, bacterial richness was higher in topsoil, and more Ascomycota was found but fewer Mortierellomycota; the microbial network had a greater number of nodes and edges. These results suggested that 1) depth was a major factor affecting soil properties that determine microbial community and function; 2) bacterial taxa were more sensitive to elevated CO₂ than fungal taxa; 3) elevated CO₂ increased SOC decomposition directly via enhanced soil C availability and altered bacterial diversity and microbial complexity and stability.

微生物对未来气候变化的反应对于确定土壤有机碳循环和评估碳-气候反馈非常重要。对一项为期 15 年的自由空气二氧化碳富集（FACE）实验中的稻田土壤进行了培养和分析，以揭示土壤微生物活动、群落多样性和组成对土壤深度和高浓度二氧化碳的响应。通过网络拓扑分析确定了微生物的复杂性和稳定性，并使用曼特尔检验分析了细菌和真菌与土壤呼吸作用之间的相关性。高浓度二氧化碳刺激了累积土壤呼吸作用（表土 6.2%，底土 21.8%），这与细菌多样性呈正相关。二氧化碳升高对表层土壤微生物群落的影响大于底层土壤，即表层土壤（0-15 厘米）的细菌多样性增加了 2.1%。二氧化碳浓度升高也增加了表层土壤中硝化螺菌的数量，但没有增加底层土壤中硝化螺菌的数量。真菌多样性和真菌门类不受二氧化碳升高的影响，但真菌多样性与底土中土壤 DOC、总溶解氮和总磷的含量显著相关。与底土相比，表层土壤的细菌丰富度更高，发现的子囊菌群更多，而毛霉菌群更少；微生物网络的节点和边缘数量更多。这些结果表明：1）深度是影响土壤特性的主要因素，而土壤特性决定了微生物群落和功能；2）细菌类群比真菌类群对升高的 CO2 更敏感；3）升高的 CO2 通过提高土壤 C 的可用性直接增加了 SOC 的分解，并改变了细菌多样性和微生物的复杂性和稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing crop yield and microbial diversity in saline-affected paddy soil through biochar amendment under aquaculture wastewater irrigation 在水产养殖废水灌溉条件下，通过生物炭改良提高受盐碱影响的稻田土壤中的作物产量和微生物多样性

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103681

Xuli Zhao , Hans-Peter Grossart

Biochar is frequently employed to ameliorate saline-affected paddy soil. However, there are controversial research findings regarding the applicability of biochar for the enhancement of soil physicochemical properties and agricultural (crop) yield, particularly under conditions of wastewater irrigation in agricultural production. This study investigates the effects of controlled soil salinity levels (1 ‰ and 3 ‰), induced using sodium chloride, and the targeted application of biochar in a pot experiment. The study examines the impact on physicochemical characteristics of different soil layers, physicochemical properties, and physiological responses of rice plants irrigated with aquaculture wastewater. It also delves into soil microbial diversity and the predominant bacterial species. The research findings reveal that biochar exerts a significant influence on soil properties and nitrogen content in saline environments. The addition of biochar enhanced soil electrical conductivity (EC), modulated the distribution of organic carbon, and altered nitrogen transformation processes within the soil. Consequently, biochar application resulted in a 14.2 % and 6.81 % increase in rice yield at 1 ‰ and 3 ‰ salinity levels, respectively. Furthermore, biochar increased leaf area by 25.3 % and 45.9 % in 1 ‰ and 3 ‰ salinity stress separately and enhanced the nitrogen content (TN) in leaves by 28.6 % when the soil salinity is 1 g/kg, demonstrating a positive impact on nitrogen uptake. Additionally, biochar has shown potential in mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Its addition led to a reduction in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria while increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes. These findings provide novel insights into the transformative potential of biochar in improving the characteristics of saline paddy soil and augmenting rice yield when used in conjunction with aquaculture wastewater irrigation.

生物炭经常被用来改善受盐碱影响的稻田土壤。然而，关于生物炭在提高土壤理化性质和农业（作物）产量方面的适用性，特别是在农业生产中的废水灌溉条件下的适用性，研究结果还存在争议。本研究在盆栽实验中调查了使用氯化钠诱导的可控土壤盐度水平（1 ‰ 和 3 ‰）和定向施用生物炭的影响。该研究探讨了水产养殖废水灌溉对不同土壤层的物理化学特征、理化性质和水稻植株生理反应的影响。研究还深入探讨了土壤微生物多样性和主要细菌种类。研究结果表明，生物炭对盐碱环境中的土壤性质和氮含量有显著影响。生物炭的添加增强了土壤导电性（EC），调节了有机碳的分布，并改变了土壤中的氮转化过程。因此，在盐度为 1 ‰ 和 3 ‰ 的情况下，施用生物炭可使水稻产量分别增加 14.2% 和 6.81%。此外，在 1 ‰ 和 3 ‰ 的盐度胁迫下，生物炭分别使叶面积增加了 25.3 % 和 45.9 %，当土壤盐度为 1 克/千克时，叶片中的氮含量（TN）提高了 28.6 %，这表明生物炭对氮的吸收有积极影响。此外，生物炭还具有减少一氧化二氮（N2O）排放的潜力。加入生物炭后，放线菌的相对丰度降低，而真菌的相对丰度增加。这些发现提供了新的见解，说明生物炭在与水产养殖废水灌溉结合使用时，在改善盐碱水稻田土壤特性和提高水稻产量方面具有变革潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic application of biochar with organic fertilizer positively impacts the soil micro-food web in sandy loam soils 生物炭与有机肥的协同应用对沙壤土中的土壤微观食物网产生积极影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103680

Wanlin Zhuang , Cancan Zhao , Yaojun Zhang , Zhongling Yang , Guoyong Li , Lei Su , Shixiu Zhang

Effective application of biochar is critical to improving soil health, but its intricate biological impact on the soil micro-food web remains poorly understood. To address this, a field experiment with four treatments - inorganic fertilization (IF), organic fertilization (OF), inorganic fertilization with biochar addition (B + IF), and organic fertilization with biochar addition (B + OF) - was conducted within a wheat cropping system on a sandy loam soil. The study aimed to elucidate the role of biochar-induced changes in abiotic factors and plant root inputs in shaping the soil micro-food web. Results showed that the effects of biochar on the soil micro-food web varied depending on the fertilization context. Under inorganic fertilizer, biochar strongly increased the abundance of total microbes and total nematodes, but reduced the biomass of omnivores-predators. However, biochar combined with organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the abundance and biomass of total microbes as well as the biomass of total nematodes and omnivores-predators. In addition, biochar with inorganic fertilizer affected the abundance of microbes and nematodes through direct pathways and indirectly affected microbial biomass and abundance mediated by reducing NH₄⁺-N and DOC content. In contrast, in organic fertilization, the improvement of root biomass and soil pH were the most direct drivers of variation in microbial abundance. These findings highlight the potential of biochar as a strategic amendment to optimize soil micro-food web dynamics, with fertilizer type playing a critical role in determining its effectiveness. The combination of biochar with organic fertilizer provides a basis for improving soil health and supporting sustainable agricultural practices on sandy loam soils.

有效施用生物炭对于改善土壤健康至关重要，但人们对生物炭对土壤微食物网的复杂生物影响仍然知之甚少。为了解决这个问题，我们在沙质壤土的小麦种植系统中进行了一项田间试验，其中包括无机肥（IF）、有机肥（OF）、添加生物炭的无机肥（B + IF）和添加生物炭的有机肥（B + OF）四种处理。该研究旨在阐明生物炭引起的非生物因素和植物根系输入的变化在形成土壤微观食物网中的作用。结果表明，生物炭对土壤微观食物网的影响因施肥环境而异。在施用无机肥料的情况下，生物炭大大增加了微生物总量和线虫总量，但减少了杂食性食肉动物的生物量。然而，生物炭与有机肥结合使用，对总微生物数量和生物量以及总线虫和杂食性食肉动物的生物量都有积极影响。此外，生物炭与无机肥通过直接途径影响微生物和线虫的丰度，并通过降低 NH4+-N 和 DOC 含量间接影响微生物的生物量和丰度。相比之下，在施用有机肥的情况下，根系生物量和土壤 pH 值的改善是微生物丰度变化的最直接驱动因素。这些发现凸显了生物炭作为优化土壤微食物网动态的战略性改良剂的潜力，而肥料类型在决定其有效性方面起着至关重要的作用。生物炭与有机肥的结合为改善沙质壤土的土壤健康和支持可持续农业实践奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Fire alters soil bacterial and fungal communities and intensifies seasonal variation in subtropical forest ecosystem 火灾改变了土壤细菌和真菌群落，加剧了亚热带森林生态系统的季节性变化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103677

Ziyue Shi , Yaru Chen , Aogui Li , Mengjun Hu , Weixing Liu

Soil microbes stand as pivotal constituents and perform important ecological functions in forest ecosystems due to their extensive diversity. The increasing frequency of forest fire, coupled with the accelerating global warming, has resulted in changes in environmental conditions and forest structure, consequently influencing soil microbial communities. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the impacts of fire on soil bacterial and fungal communities. Based on a fire experimental study in subtropical forest ecosystem, we investigated the alterations in soil properties and microbial community across two seasons. The results showed that soil bacterial richness remained unchanged by fire in both seasons. In contrast, soil fungal richness decreased in spring but increased in autumn at burnt sites, indicating the amplified seasonal variation induced by fire. In addition, fire had a significant impact on soil microbial community composition. Specifically, it elevated the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota but reduced that of Acidobacteriota and Verrucomicrobiota, which was related to increased temperature, pH, and decreased nitrogen resulting from fire. The relative abundance of Ascomycota increased following fire, whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota decreased. These shifts in soil fungal community were mainly related to lower soil carbon:nitrogen ratio. Furthermore, bacterial community was more responsive to environmental changes than fungal community. Overall, our study demonstrates soil microbial diversity and community structure in response to forest fire and the driving factors, advancing our comprehension of soil microbial dynamics in forest ecosystems under environmental perturbations.

在森林生态系统中，土壤微生物以其广泛的多样性成为重要的组成成分，并发挥着重要的生态功能。森林火灾日益频繁，加上全球变暖加速，导致环境条件和森林结构发生变化，进而影响土壤微生物群落。尽管如此，人们对火灾对土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响还缺乏全面的了解。基于亚热带森林生态系统的火灾实验研究，我们调查了两个季节中土壤性质和微生物群落的变化。结果表明，土壤细菌丰富度在两个季节都没有受到火灾的影响。相比之下，火灾现场土壤真菌丰富度在春季下降，但在秋季上升，这表明火灾引起的季节性变化扩大了。此外，火灾对土壤微生物群落组成也有显著影响。具体而言，火灾提高了放线菌群的相对丰度，但降低了酸性杆菌群和蛭石微生物群的相对丰度，这与火灾导致的温度升高、pH 值升高和氮素减少有关。火灾后，子囊菌群的相对丰度增加，而担子菌群的相对丰度下降。土壤真菌群落的这些变化主要与土壤碳氮比降低有关。此外，细菌群落比真菌群落对环境变化的反应更灵敏。总之，我们的研究证明了土壤微生物多样性和群落结构对森林火灾的响应及驱动因素，从而加深了我们对环境扰动下森林生态系统土壤微生物动态的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Planting Chinese milk vetch with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria inoculation enhances phosphorus turnover by altering the structure of the phoD-harboring bacteria community 在种植中国牛奶面包时接种磷酸盐溶解菌，通过改变噬磷菌群落的结构提高磷周转率

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103678

Danna Chang , Yarong Song , Hai Liang , Rui Liu , Cheng Cai , Shuailei Lv , Yulin Liao , Jun Nie , Tingyu Duan , Weidong Cao

This study aimed to reveal how planting Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as green manure in combination with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria-based biofertilizer can enhance phosphorus (P) utilization in CMV-rice crop rotations. The pot experiment included two factors: the presence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (ACC) inoculation, and the variety of CMV (six varieties), resulting in 12 treatments. The experiment lasted for 190 d and soil and plants were analyzed thereafter. ACC inoculation increased the average shoot dry weight by 37.1 % and P uptake by 73.9 % of CMV, and increased the average content of soil labile P by 9.2 %; decreased the average content of moderately labile P by 6.9 % and stable P by 5.4 %, compared to control. ACC inoculation increased the average concentrations of acetic acid, gluconic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Structural equation model showed that organic acid and phosphatase correlated with soil labile and moderately labile P pools. The average abundance and diversity of the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoD) and the proportion of dominant species in the mineralization of organic P (Streptomycetaceae) increased under ACC inoculation. Thus, planting CMV with ACC inoculation increased the average concentrations of organic acid and alkaline phosphatase, activating insoluble inorganic P and organic P. However, their combination enhanced the average abundance and altered the structure of the phoD-harboring bacteria community, which in turn promoted organic P mineralization. Planting Chinese milk vetch with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus inoculation can effectively utilize P in paddy soil, which can enhance P availability for subsequent rice crops.

本研究旨在揭示将中国乳牛（CMV）作为绿肥种植并结合磷溶解菌生物肥料如何提高中国乳牛-水稻轮作中磷（P）的利用率。盆栽试验包括两个因素：是否接种钙化醋酸杆菌（ACC）和 CMV 的品种（6 个品种），共 12 个处理。实验持续了 190 天，之后对土壤和植株进行了分析。与对照组相比，接种 ACC 使 CMV 的平均芽干重增加了 37.1%，钾吸收量增加了 73.9%，土壤中可溶性钾的平均含量增加了 9.2%；中度可溶性钾的平均含量减少了 6.9%，稳定钾的平均含量减少了 5.4%。接种 ACC 增加了乙酸、葡萄糖酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶的平均浓度。结构方程模型显示，有机酸和磷酸酶与土壤中的可溶性和中度可溶性磷库相关。在 ACC 接种条件下，碱性磷酸酶基因（phoD）的平均丰度和多样性以及有机钾矿化优势物种（链霉科）的比例都有所增加。因此，在接种 ACC 的同时种植 CMV 会增加有机酸和碱性磷酸酶的平均浓度，激活不溶性无机磷和有机磷，但二者的结合提高了 phoD 依赖细菌群落的平均丰度并改变了其结构，从而促进了有机磷的矿化。在种植中国牛奶草的同时接种卡氏不动杆菌，可有效利用稻田土壤中的钾，从而提高后续水稻作物对钾的利用率。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of biochar addition on earthworm enhanced N2O emission 添加生物碳对蚯蚓增强一氧化二氮排放的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2024.103679

Yupeng Wu , Yanbin Jiang , Hong Di , Juan Liu , Yaoxiong Lu , Muhammad Shaaban

The application of biochar has been shown to suppress soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Earthworms, a key component of soil fauna, are known to increase N₂O production. While existing research has focused mainly on soil physicochemical management and microbial interactions, limited attention has been paid to how biochar interacts with soil fauna in relation to N₂O emissions. To investigate this, an incubation experiment was conducted to analyze how various biochars, including corn straw (CS), rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS), nutshell (NS), wood chip (WC), rice husk (RH), apricot shell (AS), and peach shell (PS) biochar, affect earthworm (Amynthas cortices) enhanced N₂O emissions. Biochar addition reduced earthworm enhanced N₂O production and decreased the cumulative earthworm burrowing length compared to control. Rice straw biochar was the most effective, releasing the lowest earthworm enhanced N₂O emission at 73 μg kg⁻¹ soil and having the shortest cumulative burrowing length at 48.6 cm, whereas wood chip biochar had the least impact, with earthworm enhanced N₂O reaching 307 μg kg⁻¹ soil. The drilosphere influenced by earthworms' activity demonstrated increased pH, C/N ratio, mineral nitrogen (MN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) compared to the bulk soil, though the extent of these changes varied with the type of biochar applied. The biochar addition altered the micro-environment within the earthworm gut, including O₂ concentration and pH levels, thereby affecting the N₂O related microbial community in the drilosphere. This was evidenced by changes in the ratio of nirK + nirS to nosZ genes and the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria gene copies. Hierarchical partitioning analysis revealed that the biochar's properties primarily influenced earthworm burrowing activity, the dominant factor affecting earthworm enhanced N₂O emissions, followed by MN, DOC, and MBC content in the drilosphere. The impact of gut-derived microbes on N₂O emissions was comparatively insignificant. These findings highlight that biochar amendment can mitigate earthworm induced N₂O emissions, primarily by modifying earthworm activity, which is strongly influenced by the biochar's physicochemical characteristics.

研究表明，施用生物炭可以抑制土壤中氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放。众所周知，蚯蚓是土壤动物群的重要组成部分，可增加氧化亚氮的产生。现有的研究主要集中在土壤理化管理和微生物相互作用方面，而对生物炭如何与土壤动物群相互作用以减少氧化亚氮排放的关注还很有限。为此，我们进行了一项培养实验，分析各种生物炭（包括玉米秸秆 (CS)、稻草 (RS)、小麦秸秆 (WS)、果壳 (NS)、木屑 (WC)、稻壳 (RH)、杏壳 (AS) 和桃壳 (PS) 生物炭）如何影响蚯蚓（Amynthas cortices）的 N2O 排放。与对照组相比，生物炭的添加减少了蚯蚓增加的 N₂O产量，并降低了蚯蚓穴居的累积长度。稻草生物炭的效果最好，蚯蚓增加的 N2O 排放量最低，为 73 μg kg-1 土壤，累计钻洞长度最短，为 48.6 厘米；而木屑生物炭的影响最小，蚯蚓增加的 N2O 达到 307 μg kg-1 土壤。受蚯蚓活动影响的钻孔层的 pH 值、C/N 比值、矿质氮（MN）、溶解有机碳（DOC）和微生物生物量碳（MBC）都比块状土壤有所提高，但这些变化的程度因生物炭的类型而异。生物炭的添加改变了蚯蚓肠道内的微环境，包括氧气浓度和 pH 值，从而影响了地圈中与 N2O 相关的微生物群落。nirK + nirS 与 nosZ 基因比例的变化以及氨氧化古细菌和细菌基因拷贝的丰度都证明了这一点。层次划分分析表明，生物炭的特性主要影响蚯蚓的钻穴活动，这是影响蚯蚓增加 N2O 排放的主要因素，其次是泥炭层中的 MN、DOC 和 MBC 含量。肠道微生物对 N2O 排放的影响相对较小。这些研究结果突出表明，生物炭添加剂主要通过改变蚯蚓的活动来减少蚯蚓引起的一氧化二氮排放，而蚯蚓的活动受生物炭理化特性的影响很大。

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引用次数: 0