European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献_第2页

Earthworms are sustained in a 116-year rye monoculture with ploughing by provision of soil organic carbon from farmyard manure 蚯蚓在116年的黑麦单作耕作中通过农家肥提供的土壤有机碳得以维持

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103815

Laura Sturm , Helmut Wagentristl , Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner , Caroline Huber , Kevin R. Butt , Johann G. Zaller , Pia Euteneuer

In arable fields, earthworm abundance declines with the level of intensification, due to soil disturbance and reduced food resources. In this context, continuous cropping of monocultures and removed plant residues are drivers for a decline in earthworm populations. Therefore, the earthworm communities of the 'Eternal rye', a 116-year field trial, were investigated. The Eternal rye was instigated in 1906 Vienna, Austria, mainly to compare the application of mineral fertiliser, farmyard manure (FYM) and no fertiliser application (unfertilised). A two-factorial design with factor fertiliser comprised of FYM, mineral fertiliser and unfertilised and factor crop rotation with levels crop rotation of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) – spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) – bare fallow) versus continuous cropping of winter rye. All plots were ploughed (25-30 cm) at the same time, after the application of FYM and before sowing of rye in late October. Earthworms were investigated for continuous rye and rye in crop rotation in April 2020-2022 by hand sorting. Results show that only fertilisation treatments impacted earthworm communities with highest total abundances under FYM (120 ± 92.9 m⁻²) followed by mineral fertiliser (27.6 ± 21.4 m⁻²) and unfertilised (9.55 ± 9.27 m⁻²). The most abundant species was Allolobophora chlorotica under FYM and mineral fertiliser, followed by small numbers of Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea and Lumbricus terrestris. Interestingly, L. terrestris was observed only under FYM (2.69 ± 7.81 m⁻²). Similar to earthworm parameters, soil organic carbon, NO₃⁻-N and leaf area index were highest for FYM compared to mineral and unfertilised within and across cropping systems, while soil decomposition rate was highest for FYM only in continuous rye. The application of FYM compensated the effect of conventional management practices, such as monoculture and ploughing on earthworms and enhanced numbers of endogeic earthworm and L. terrestris compared to mineral and unfertilised treatments.

在耕地中，由于土壤扰动和食物资源减少，蚯蚓丰度随集约化程度而下降。在这种情况下，单一栽培的连作和清除植物残茬是蚯蚓种群减少的驱动因素。因此，对大田试验116年的“永恒黑麦”的蚯蚓群落进行了调查。永恒黑麦试验于1906年在奥地利维也纳发起，主要是为了比较施用矿物肥料、农家肥（FYM）和不施用肥料（未施肥）的情况。冬季黑麦（Secale cereale L.）因子轮作水平的双因子设计，因子肥料由FYM、矿物肥和未施肥组成。-春大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）（光秃秃的休耕）和连作的冬季黑麦。所有地块在施用FYM后和10月下旬黑麦播种前同时翻耕（25-30 cm）。采用人工分选的方法，对2020-2022年4月黑麦连作和黑麦轮作的蚯蚓进行了调查。结果表明，施肥处理对蚯蚓群落的影响最大，总丰度为120±92.9 m−2，其次是矿肥处理（27.6±21.4 m−2）和未施肥处理（9.55±9.27 m−2）。在化肥和矿物肥处理下，绿藻种类最多，其次是少量的caliginosa、rosesea和Lumbricus terrestris。有趣的是，陆地草只在FYM（2.69±7.81 m−2）下存在。与蚯蚓参数相似，与矿肥和未施肥相比，耕麦的土壤有机碳、NO3−-N和叶面积指数最高，而耕麦的土壤分解率仅在连作黑麦中最高。与矿物和未施肥处理相比，施用FYM补偿了传统管理措施的影响，例如对蚯蚓的单一栽培和耕作，以及增加内源蚯蚓和地屈虫的数量。

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引用次数: 0

Interaction between litter quality and soil faunal specialisation participate in driving home-field advantage for cellulose and lignin degradation in mixed-litter decomposition 凋落物质量和土壤动物专门化之间的相互作用参与驱动混合凋落物分解中纤维素和木质素降解的主场优势

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103816

Xiaoqiang Li , Weihua Dong , Guijun Wang , Liheng Liang , Sujuan Xu , Yang Song

Litter cellulose and lignin degradation are crucial for energy transformation and material cycling in forest ecosystems. Mixed-litter decomposition is the primary form of litter decomposition in forest ecosystems. However, the effect of soil fauna on home-field advantage (HFA) for cellulose and lignin degradation in mixed-litter decomposition has rarely been investigated. A reciprocal litter transplant experiment was conducted using litterbags with two mesh sizes (4 mm and 0.01 mm) in a Quercus mongolica forest dominated by Q. mongolica (QM) and Acer pseudosieboldianum (AP), and a mixed forest dominated by Juglans mandshurica (JM), Ulmus laciniata (UL), and Ulmus davidiana (UD). Our results showed that litter bag fauna, at home or away, accelerated cellulose degradation in both litter combinations with lower C/N ratios after 9 months. In addition, litter bag fauna accelerated lignin degradation in litter combinations with lower lignin concentrations after 9 and 12 months, respectively. Litter bag fauna had a positive HFA effect on cellulose degradation and a negative HFA effect on lignin degradation in both litter combinations after 7 and 9 months. Conversely, litter bag fauna had a negative HFA effect on cellulose degradation and a positive HFA effect on lignin degradation in the JM + UL + UD litter combination after 9 months. After 12 months, the litter bag fauna exhibited a weak effect on the HFA for cellulose degradation and a significantly positive effect on the HFA for lignin degradation. Our results illustrated that litter bag fauna increased cellulose and lignin decomposition in lower and higher quality litter. HFA effects were a decoupled relationship between cellulose and lignin degradation of mixed litter due to litter bag faunal specialisation, and their effects were apparent during the early stages of decomposition. The results emphasize the significance of changing in litter substrate quality and litter bag faunal specialisation dynamics which drive the HFA for cellulose and lignin degradation in mixed-litter decomposition, and the essential role of preserving secondary forests.

凋落物纤维素和木质素的降解对森林生态系统的能量转化和物质循环至关重要。混合凋落物分解是森林生态系统凋落物分解的主要形式。然而，土壤动物对混合凋落物中纤维素和木质素降解的主场优势（home-field advantage， HFA）的影响鲜有研究。在以蒙古栎（QM）和假杉木（AP）为优势种的蒙古栎林和以山核桃（JM）、紫榆（UL）和大榆（UD）为优势种的混交林中，采用4 mm和0.01 mm两种粒径的凋落物袋进行了凋落物互移试验。结果表明，9个月后，在较低碳氮比的两种凋落物组合中，在家或在外的凋落物袋动物都加速了纤维素的降解。此外，在9个月和12个月后，较低木质素浓度的凋落物组合中，凋落物袋动物加速了木质素的降解。在7和9个月后，两种凋落物组合中，凋落袋动物对纤维素降解具有正HFA效应，对木质素降解具有负HFA效应。相反，在9个月后，JM + UL + UD凋落物组合中，凋落袋动物对纤维素降解的HFA作用为负，对木质素降解的HFA作用为正。12个月后，凋落物袋动物群对纤维素降解HFA的影响较弱，对木质素降解HFA的影响显著。结果表明，凋落物袋动物群增加了低质量和高质量凋落物中纤维素和木质素的分解。由于凋落物袋的动物特化，HFA效应在混合凋落物的纤维素和木质素降解之间呈解耦关系，其影响在分解的早期阶段是明显的。研究结果强调了凋落物基质质量和凋落物袋动物专门化动态变化的重要性，这些变化驱动了混合凋落物分解中纤维素和木质素降解的HFA，以及保护次生林的重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar affects phosphate availability, extracellular enzyme activity, and microbiomes in coarse sandy subsoils 生物炭影响粗砂底土的磷酸盐有效性、胞外酶活性和微生物群

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103800

Paul Iturbe-Espinoza , Esben W. Bruun , Rumakanta Sapkota , Lea Ellegaard-Jensen , Niels Gudmand Christiansen , Carsten T. Petersen , Dorette Müller‐Stöver , Anne Winding

Finely ground biochar has been reported to enhance water retention of coarse sandy subsoils and mitigate drought-induced yield reductions, while its impact on indigenous microbiomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of biochar amendment on the microbiomes of coarse sandy subsoils from two Danish sites. We hypothesized that amendment of high doses of straw biochar would increase water-extractable soil P, affect phosphatases, and modify microbiomes. To test this, subsoils were amended with straw biochar (1–4 % wt) and incubated for 430 days in a mesocosm column experiment with spring barley grown in the topsoil. The activity of three extracellular enzymes and the structure and diversity of the prokaryotic and fungal communities were analyzed at 50 cm depth using 4-methylumbelliferone (MUF)-labeled substrates and 16S rRNA and ITS2 amplicon sequencing, respectively. The biochar amendment affected the extracellular enzyme activity of both subsoils, which exhibited distinct enzyme activity profiles. The biochar amendment led to increased water-extractable phosphate, which, in turn, decreased extracellular phosphomonoesterase activity. Both subsoils harbored different microbiomes, with biochar modifying the prokaryotic community structure while the fungal community structure was almost unchanged. The highest amount of biochar amendment (4 % wt) caused the strongest effects on the microbiomes. We found a significant rise in the relative abundance of the bacterial genus Iamia and an unknown archaeon genus member of Marine Group II. Overall, our findings highlight that the prokaryotic microbiomes in the subsoil are influenced by biochar amendment, with the changes depending on concentration and incubation time. This knowledge is useful for risk assessment of biochar's effects on soil health.

据报道，细磨生物炭可以增强粗砂底土的保水性，减轻干旱导致的产量下降，但其对本地微生物群的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估生物炭改性对丹麦两个地点粗砂底土微生物组的影响。我们假设高剂量的秸秆生物炭会增加水可提取土壤磷，影响磷酸酶，并改变微生物群。为了验证这一点，用秸秆生物炭（1 - 4% wt）对底土进行改性，并在表层土中种植春大麦，在中胚层柱实验中培养430天。利用4- methylumbellliferone （MUF）标记的底物和16S rRNA和ITS2扩增子测序，在50 cm深度分析了三种细胞外酶的活性以及原核生物和真菌群落的结构和多样性。生物炭对两种底土胞外酶活性均有影响，表现出不同的酶活性谱。生物炭改性导致水可提取磷酸盐增加，这反过来又降低了细胞外磷酸单酯酶活性。两种底土的微生物群落结构不同，生物炭改变了原核生物群落结构，而真菌群落结构基本不变。最高生物炭添加量（4% wt）对微生物组的影响最大。我们发现细菌属Iamia和海洋组II中未知的古菌属成员的相对丰度显著增加。总之，我们的研究结果强调了底土中的原核微生物组受到生物炭改性的影响，其变化取决于浓度和孵育时间。这些知识对生物炭对土壤健康影响的风险评估是有用的。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in soil arthropod identification: Integrating morphological, molecular, and AI-based approaches 土壤节肢动物鉴定进展：形态学、分子和人工智能方法的整合

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103812

Sara Remelli , Iwona Gruss , Cristina Menta

Soil arthropods are key contributors to ecosystem functioning, yet their assessment remains limited by the complexity of species identification. This review explores the main methodologies used for identifying soil arthropods, tracing their evolution from morphological approaches to molecular and artificial intelligence (AI)–based systems. Morphological identification remains essential for understanding abundance, community structure, and functional traits, but it is time-consuming and relies heavily on specialized taxonomic expertise. Molecular tools such as DNA barcoding and metabarcoding have revolutionized biodiversity monitoring, providing rapid and standardized identification of taxa and uncovering cryptic diversity, although their accuracy depends on the completeness of reference databases and they often lack functional information. Recent advances in AI and machine learning have opened new perspectives, enabling automated identification from digital images with increasing accuracy and speed. However, these systems still require extensive, expert-validated training datasets and are currently limited to well-documented taxa. The comparative analysis presented here highlights that no single method is sufficient alone. Instead, an integrative approach combining morphological, molecular, and AI-based techniques offers the most comprehensive and reliable framework for soil biodiversity assessment. This synthesis emphasizes the need for cross-disciplinary collaboration to enhance monitoring efficiency and to support sustainable soil management and conservation.

土壤节肢动物是生态系统功能的重要贡献者，但其评估仍然受到物种鉴定复杂性的限制。本文探讨了用于识别土壤节肢动物的主要方法，从形态学方法到分子和基于人工智能（AI）的系统，追踪了它们的进化。形态学鉴定对于了解植物的丰度、群落结构和功能性状至关重要，但它耗时且严重依赖于专门的分类学知识。DNA条形码和元条形码等分子工具为生物多样性监测带来了革命性的变化，提供了快速和标准化的分类群鉴定和揭示隐藏的多样性，尽管它们的准确性依赖于参考数据库的完整性，并且往往缺乏功能信息。人工智能和机器学习的最新进展开辟了新的视角，使数字图像的自动识别具有更高的准确性和速度。然而，这些系统仍然需要广泛的、经过专家验证的训练数据集，目前仅限于有良好记录的分类群。这里提出的比较分析强调，单一的方法是不够的。相反，结合形态学、分子和基于人工智能的技术的综合方法为土壤生物多样性评估提供了最全面、最可靠的框架。这一综合强调需要进行跨学科合作，以提高监测效率并支持可持续土壤管理和保持。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar amendment slowed down the decomposition of wheat residue by suppressing the population of wheat residue-decomposers in bacterial community 生物炭改性通过抑制小麦残渣细菌群落中分解者的数量来减缓小麦残渣的分解

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103802

Benjuan Liu , Zijie Liu , Wanqin Yang , Dan Wang , Qi Liu , Yifan Li , Jianfeng Hou , Zubin Xie

Straw returning is vital for supplying available carbon to maintain microbial functions. The effects of irreversible biochar accumulation, resulting from long-term continuous biochar application or one-time high-dose application, on straw decomposition are of great importance to agricultural practices, yet they remain poorly understood. Therefore, a 30-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the straw decomposition rate and the functional bacteria involved in the decomposition process under high-dose biochar amendment (9 %, w/w), employing ¹³C-labeled wheat residue and ¹³C-DNA stable isotope probing technique coupled with high-throughput sequencing, following three treatments: soil only, soil added with wheat residue, and soil added with both wheat residue and biochar. Results showed that biochar markedly reduced the decomposition rate of wheat residue (p < 0.05), which was attributed to its suppression of the population size of wheat-residue-decomposing bacteria (p < 0.05). However, both the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Pielou evenness index of the wheat residue-decomposer community were significantly elevated, and neither showed a significantly positive relationship with the decomposition rate. The families Oxalobacteraceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae were the dominant wheat-residue decomposers, and their population sizes were markedly suppressed by biochar, particularly during the early stages of decomposition. Paenibacillaceae 1, mainly comprising the genera Paenibacillus and Cohnella, was a unique plant residue-decomposer and stimulated in the presence of biochar, suggesting its preference for the high pH conditions created by biochar. This study concluded that large amounts of accumulated biochar will aggravate the difficulty in straw decomposition, potentially harming the straw returning measure.

秸秆还田对提供有效碳以维持微生物功能至关重要。长期连续施用生物炭或一次性大剂量施用生物炭导致的不可逆生物炭积累对秸秆分解的影响在农业实践中具有重要意义，但对其的认识尚不充分。为此，本研究采用13c标记小麦秸秆和13C-DNA稳定同位素探测技术，结合高通量测序技术，在高剂量生物炭（9%,w/w）处理下，采用纯土壤处理、添加小麦秸秆处理和同时添加小麦秸秆和生物炭处理3种处理方式，进行30 d室内培养实验，研究秸秆在高剂量生物炭处理下的分解速率和参与分解过程的功能菌。结果表明，生物炭显著降低了小麦秸秆的分解速率（p < 0.05），这是由于生物炭抑制了小麦秸秆分解菌的数量（p < 0.05）。小麦残体分解者群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著升高，且均与分解速率呈显著正相关。草藻菌科（Oxalobacteraceae）、伯克霍尔德菌科（burkholderaceae）和黄病菌科（Xanthomonadaceae）是小麦秸秆的优势分解者，生物炭显著抑制了它们的种群规模，特别是在分解的早期阶段。Paenibacillaceae 1主要包括Paenibacillus属和Cohnella属，是一种独特的植物残渣分解者，在生物炭的存在下受到刺激，表明它更喜欢生物炭产生的高pH条件。本研究认为，大量堆积的生物炭会加重秸秆分解的难度，对秸秆还田措施造成潜在危害。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of understory degradation induced by sika deer on soil microarthropods in beech forests: comparison between two different climatic conditions 梅花鹿引起的林下退化对山毛榉林土壤微节肢动物的影响：两种不同气候条件的比较

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103803

Erika Kawakami , Takuo Hishi , Ayumi Katayama

Understory vegetation dominated by dwarf bamboo (Sasa spp.) has been decreasing in Japan because of deer overgrazing. Declining understory vegetation may reduce soil microarthropods abundance. However, the effects of understory degradation on soil microarthropods under various climatic conditions remain poorly understood. We compared soil microarthropods, soil properties, and erosion rates (cm year⁻¹) between rich understory plots (Sasa) and no understory plots (NoSasa) in six beech forests in Kyushu and San-in. The Kyushu region experiences more rainfall and less snow depth than the San-in region. In Kyushu, the abundance of soil microarthropods was 40 % significantly lower in the NoSasa plot than in the Sasa plot, whereas there were no significant differences in San-in. In both regions, soil bulk density was significantly higher in the NoSasa plot, but the effects of understory degradation were larger in Kyushu. These results suggest that understory degradation leads to soil runoff and reduces habitable pore spaces for soil microarthropods. Additionally, structural equation modelling analysis indicated that soil erosion following understory degradation was influenced by climatic conditions, and the increase in bulk density induced by soil erosion reduced the abundance of soil microarthropods. This finding suggests that the effects of understory degradation on soil microarthropods via changes in bulk density vary depending on climatic conditions and are stronger in erosion-prone areas. Our results imply that prevention measures for understory vegetation are urgently needed to maintain soil biodiversity, particularly in regions with climatic conditions that are highly susceptible to soil erosion.

由于鹿群的过度放牧，以矮竹（Sasa spp.）为主的林下植被正在减少。林下植被的减少可能会减少土壤微节肢动物的丰度。然而，不同气候条件下林下退化对土壤微节肢动物的影响尚不清楚。我们比较了九州和三县6个山毛榉森林中阔叶林下样地（Sasa）和无林下样地（NoSasa）的土壤微节肢动物、土壤性质和侵蚀速率（cm - 1）。与三仁地区相比，九州地区的降雨量更多，积雪深度更少。九州NoSasa样地土壤微节肢动物丰度比Sasa样地低40%，而San-in样地差异不显著。在这两个地区，NoSasa样地的土壤容重显著高于NoSasa样地，但九州样地林下植被退化的影响更大。这些结果表明，林下退化导致土壤径流，减少了土壤微节肢动物的宜居孔隙空间。此外，结构方程模型分析表明，林下植被退化后的土壤侵蚀受气候条件的影响，土壤侵蚀引起的容重增加减少了土壤微节肢动物的丰度。这一发现表明，林下退化通过体积密度变化对土壤微节肢动物的影响因气候条件而异，在易侵蚀地区影响更大。我们的研究结果表明，为了保持土壤生物多样性，特别是在气候条件极易受到土壤侵蚀的地区，迫切需要对林下植被采取预防措施。

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引用次数: 0

Land use and soil texture drive shifts in communities of soil biota across natural and anthropogenic tropical ecosystems 土地利用和土壤质地驱动了自然和人为热带生态系统中土壤生物群群落的变化

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103810

Umar Hussaini Tarmizi , Farhana Adilah Zahari , Amirah Alias , Seng Chee Poh , Wei San Phang , Kai Yue , Yan Peng , Siti Norasikin Ismail , Xiangzhen Li , Haris Hafizal Abd Hamid , Mohamad Aqmal-Naser , Alexandre Soares Rosado , Jan Frouz , Lars Vesterdal , Rasmus Kjøller , Jamilah Mohd Salim , Petr Heděnec

Tropical ecosystems host immense aboveground biodiversity, but the diversity and dynamics of soil biota across different habitats and land-use types remain largely unexplored. We conducted a comprehensive field study of soil bacteria, fungi, and meso- and macrofauna across natural and anthropogenic sites along the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Natural sites included primary and secondary forest, peat forest, and tropical wetland, while anthropogenic sites included paddy field, oil palm plantation, durian orchard, and urban park with different anthropogenic pressure. Alpha diversity of soil biota differed significantly across various sampling sites, but no significant pattern was found between natural and anthropogenic land uses. Primary forests showed the highest Shannon-Wiener index for bacteria (11.1 ± 0.1), fungi (7.3 ± 0.3), and fauna (2.0 ± 0.2), while other sites showed a lower Shannon-Wiener index. Soil texture influenced bacterial and fungal diversity, while soil fauna was also shaped by pH and salinity. Beta diversity of soil microbiota was influenced mainly by soil texture and pH, while beta diversity of soil fauna was driven primarily by soil texture. Anthropogenic sites exhibited higher beta diversity than natural sites. Natural and anthropogenic networks differed in connectivity, with natural systems exhibiting more balanced and modular associations, while anthropogenic sites displayed denser but less cohesive linkages. Volatile organic compound (VOCs) and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes also varied significantly across different sampling locations and land uses. The GHG fluxes were shaped by soil texture and soil chemistry. Bacterial and fungal VOCs positively correlated with beta diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. Overall, land use and soil texture were key drivers of the diversity and composition of soil biota and ecosystem functions.

热带生态系统拥有巨大的地上生物多样性，但不同栖息地和土地利用类型土壤生物群的多样性和动态在很大程度上仍未被探索。我们在马来西亚半岛东部沿海的自然和人为地点对土壤细菌、真菌和中、大型动物进行了全面的实地研究。自然样地包括原生林、次生林、泥炭林和热带湿地，人为样地包括水田、油棕种植园、榴莲果园和城市公园，其人为压力不同。不同样点土壤生物群α多样性存在显著差异，但自然土地利用方式与人为土地利用方式之间无显著差异。细菌（11.1±0.1）、真菌（7.3±0.3）和动物群（2.0±0.2）的Shannon-Wiener指数最高，其他样地的Shannon-Wiener指数较低。土壤质地影响细菌和真菌的多样性，而土壤动物也受pH和盐度的影响。土壤微生物群β多样性主要受土壤质地和pH的影响，土壤动物β多样性主要受土壤质地的驱动。人工样地β多样性高于自然样地。自然网络和人为网络在连通性方面存在差异，自然系统表现出更平衡和模块化的联系，而人为站点表现出更密集但凝聚力较弱的联系。挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和温室气体（GHG）通量在不同采样地点和土地用途之间也存在显著差异。温室气体通量受土壤质地和土壤化学的影响。细菌和真菌VOCs与细菌和真菌群落的β多样性呈正相关。总体而言，土地利用和土壤质地是土壤生物群多样性和组成以及生态系统功能的关键驱动因素。

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引用次数: 0

Soil tillage promotes predatory and phototrophic protists over parasitic protists 土壤耕作促进了掠食性和光养原生生物而不是寄生原生生物

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103813

Julie Egelund Andersen, Rumakanta Sapkota, Athanasios Zervas, Anne Winding

The widespread practice of tillage, which disturbs soil structure and alters its physical and biological properties, may affect protist diversity and functional distribution. In this study, we investigated how tillage, fertilizer, and nitrification inhibitors influence the diversity, community composition, and functional groups of soil protists in a randomized agricultural field experiment comparing conventional tillage with reduced tillage, three nitrification inhibitors, and three fertilizers to test the hypotheses that tillage will decrease overall protist diversity and change protist composition, and that the change in protist community composition will depend on the functional traits, with a relative increase of predators. The genetic diversity of the protist community in 60 soil samples was assessed by DNA metabarcoding using primers targeting the V9 region of the 18S rRNA gene. To infer their ecological role in response to agricultural practices, we assigned trait-based functional diversity to our taxonomic data and found a significant increase in predators and phototrophs while parasites decreased in tilled soil compared to direct-seeded soil. These changes likely reflect bottom-up effects, light availability, and disruption of host-associated material. Fertilizer influenced community structure but not diversity or functional groups, while nitrification inhibitors showed no significant impact. This knowledge will help unravel the factors that shape the functional community structure of protists and will lead to a better understanding of the soil food web.

由于耕作方式的广泛应用，破坏了土壤的结构，改变了土壤的物理和生物特性，从而影响了原生生物的多样性和功能分布。在本研究中，我们通过随机田间试验，研究了耕作、肥料和硝化抑制剂对土壤原生生物多样性、群落组成和功能群的影响，比较了常规耕作与减少耕作、三种硝化抑制剂和三种肥料对土壤原生生物多样性、群落组成和功能群的影响，以检验耕作会降低整体原生生物多样性和改变原生生物组成的假设。随着捕食者数量的增加，原生生物群落组成的变化将取决于功能特征。以18S rRNA基因V9区为引物，采用DNA元条形码技术对60份土壤样品的原生生物群落进行遗传多样性分析。为了推断它们在农业实践中的生态作用，我们将基于性状的功能多样性分配到我们的分类数据中，发现与直接播种的土壤相比，耕作土壤中捕食者和光养动物的数量显著增加，而寄生虫的数量则显著减少。这些变化可能反映了自下而上的效应、光的可用性和宿主相关材料的破坏。施肥对群落结构的影响不显著，对群落多样性和官能团的影响不显著，而硝化抑制剂对群落结构的影响不显著。这些知识将有助于揭示塑造原生生物功能群落结构的因素，并将有助于更好地理解土壤食物网。

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引用次数: 0

Short-term effect of changing water regimes on the soil nematode community in rice-duckweed system under water-saving irrigation 节水灌溉条件下水稻-浮萍系统土壤线虫群落变化的短期效应

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103791

Zeeshan Ahmed , Junzeng Xu , Weixuan Liu , Xiaoyin Liu , Yawei Li , Hang Guo , Shengyu Chen

Rice agroecosystems have garnered global attention owing to a unique transition from traditional flooding to water-saving practices, such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation, which features a dual-habitat ecosystem with high biodiversity throughout the growing period. Nematodes' taxonomic bioindication potential could reveal perturbations in the soil environment and changes in food web status under AWD. However, the influence of changing dual modes (dry and wet habitats) with duckweed (D) on nematodes was often overlooked. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to quantify the impact of flooding irrigation, and alternate wetting and drying irrigation on nematode abundance across four treatments: flooding irrigation with (FI + D) and without duckweed (FI), alternate wetting and drying irrigation with (AWD + D) and without (AWD) duckweed. For flooding irrigation, soil samples were taken at tillering, pre-mid-season drainage (MD), and at flowering post-MD. Similarly, for alternate wetting and drying irrigation at tillering and flowering for respective dry and wet cycles. The first AWD dry-cycle with duckweed (AWD + D) significantly reduced nematode abundance compared to the wet cycle (AWD + D) (P < 0.033). In FI, MD significantly reduced nematode abundance (P < 0.007) compared to FI + D. Factor prediction analytics showed that pH in the FI post-MD and

[{NH}_{4}^{+} - N]

in flooded and AWD-integrated treatments were the most influential abiotic drivers governing nematode taxonomic and functional diversity. AWD dry-wet cycles with duckweed, fuel colonizer CP (1–2, r-strategists) nematodes, indicating better soil health and higher microbial turnover than without duckweed. The AWD drying cycle with duckweed produced more mature, fertile soils with balanced bacterivores/fungivores and moderate C:N ratios, and demonstrated suppressive properties, which further seek an investigation into the link between soil biochemical enrichment from decomposing duckweed.

水稻农业生态系统因其独特的从传统洪涝向节水措施的转变而受到全球关注，如干湿交替灌溉（AWD），其特点是在整个生长期具有高生物多样性的双生境生态系统。线虫的分类生物指示潜力可以揭示土壤环境的扰动和食物网状态的变化。然而，改变浮萍(D)的双重模式（干湿生境）对线虫的影响往往被忽视。因此，通过田间试验，定量研究了（FI + D）和不含浮萍（FI）、（AWD + D）和不含浮萍（AWD） 4种处理下，漫灌和干湿交替灌溉对线虫丰度的影响。对于漫灌，在分蘖、季前中期排水（MD）和开花后排水（MD）时采集土壤样品。同样，在分蘖期和开花期分别进行干湿交替灌溉。与湿循环（AWD + D）相比，带浮萍的第一个AWD干循环（AWD + D）显著降低了线虫的丰度（P < 0.033）。因子预测分析表明，与FI + d相比，MD显著降低了FI的线虫丰度（P < 0.007）， MD后FI的pH和水淹和awd综合处理的[NH4+−N]是影响线虫分类和功能多样性的最具影响力的非生物驱动因素。有浮萍的AWD干湿循环，燃料定殖者CP （1-2, r-strategists）线虫比没有浮萍的土壤更健康，微生物周转更高。有浮萍的AWD干燥循环产生了更成熟、更肥沃、食菌平衡、碳氮比适中的土壤，并表现出抑制作用，进一步探索浮萍分解与土壤生化富集的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of nutrient homeostasis by soil microbial functional differentiation and metabolic limitations under interactive forest type and Stropharia rugosoannulata cultivation 互作林型和环棘混交林土壤微生物功能分化和代谢限制对养分稳态的调节

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2026.103804

Suli Ke , Tingyan Liu , Longfei Hao , Tuya Sharen , Dongmei Ye , Yuan Wang , Yuanlin Wang , Xiaoqiang Wang

The forest-mushroom symbiosis model is a sustainable agroforestry practice; however, the microbial mechanisms driving nutrient cycling under different cultivation patterns remain unclear. This study systematically compared the effects of single (2022) versus continuous (2022 + 2024) cultivation of Stropharia rugosoannulata on soil microbial communities, metabolic limitations, and nutrient dynamics in three contrasting forest types: Larix gmelinii plantation, Populus davidiana plantation, and a natural secondary forest. Key findings revealed that (1) continuous cultivation universally enhanced microbial biomass carbon (+29.2 % to +83.2 %) but exacerbated carbon limitation, while shifting the primary nutrient limitation from nitrogen in plantations to phosphorus in the secondary forest. (2) Cultivation reshaped microbial communities, enriching copiotrophic bacteria (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) and differentially stimulating fungal decomposers (Ascomycota in single-cultivation P. davidiana and Basidiomycota in continuous-cultivation secondary forest) (3) These microbial shifts drove divergent nutrient pathways: continuous cultivation boosted available phosphorus and total nutrients in L. gmelinii plantations, whereas single cultivation optimized available nitrogen in P. davidiana plantations. (4) Integrated path analysis revealed that forest type governs total nutrient cycling via metabolic limitations on microbial structure, whereas cultivation mode regulates available nutrients through metabolic constraints, with bacterial abundance as the core positive driver. Unlike previous studies focusing on single environments or substrates, the comprehensive pathway model proposed in this research reveals that continuously cultivated S. rugosoannulata regulates soil nutrient cycling through forest-type-dependent microbial pathways. This finding elucidates the underlying mechanisms behind its differential effects in plantation and secondary forest soils, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the precision management of forest fungal systems.

森林-蘑菇共生模式是一种可持续的农林业实践；然而，在不同的培养模式下，微生物驱动养分循环的机制尚不清楚。在落叶松人工林、大叶杨人工林和天然次生林三种不同类型的林分中，系统比较了单次（2022）与连续（2022 + 2024）栽培对土壤微生物群落、代谢限制和养分动态的影响。主要研究结果表明：(1)连续栽培普遍提高了微生物生物量碳（+ 29.2% ~ + 83.2%），但加剧了碳限制，同时将主要养分限制从人工林的氮转移到次生林的磷。(2)培养重塑了微生物群落，丰富了共同营养细菌（变形菌门和厚壁菌门），不同程度地刺激了真菌分解者（单次培养的紫杉树中的子囊菌门和连作次生林中的担子菌门）。(3)这些微生物的转变驱动了不同的营养途径。连续栽培提高了羊草人工林的速效磷和总养分，而单一栽培优化了羊草人工林的速效氮。(4)综合路径分析表明，森林类型通过对微生物结构的代谢限制来控制总养分循环，而耕作模式通过代谢限制来调节速效养分，细菌丰度是核心的正驱动因素。不同于以往的研究聚焦于单一环境或基质，本研究提出的综合途径模型揭示了连作稻环草通过依赖森林类型的微生物途径调控土壤养分循环。这一发现阐明了其在人工林和次生林土壤中差异效应背后的潜在机制，从而为森林真菌系统的精确管理提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0