European Journal of Soil Biology最新文献_第6页

Tracking assimilation of microbial biomass, leaf litter and artificially created soil organic matter by soil fauna using multi-resource stable isotope labelling 利用多资源稳定同位素标记跟踪土壤动物对微生物生物量、凋落叶和人工土壤有机质的同化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103752

Amelie Hauer , Andrey Zuev , Antonis Chatzinotas , Stephanie Jurburg , Steffen Kümmel , Anton Potapov

Understanding the resource utilization of soil invertebrates is essential for elucidating nutrient cycling and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems. The soil environment offers a wide range of resources to its consumers, including microbes, soil organic matter (SOM), and plant litter. Soil invertebrates are small and cryptic, and typically rely on diverse arrays of basal resources, making the determination of its specific contributions to the diets of distinct animal groups challenging. This study investigated the carbon and nitrogen flows from different organic resources to soil meso- and macrofauna using stable isotope dual-labelling (¹³C and ¹⁵N) in an experimental temperate forest mesocosm over a one-month period. Studied resources included bacterial and fungal biomass, leaf litter and artificial mineral-associated organic matter ‘a-MaOM’ made of microbial necromass and vermiculite – a newly developed substrate produced in-house to experimentally mimic stabilized SOM. Our findings indicate that mesofauna incorporated the isotopic label from bacteria and fungi within three days after label introduction, demonstrating their role as primary microbial consumers in soil food webs and highlighting the importance of microbial biomass as nutrient sources for soil mesofauna. In contrast, macrofauna showed no detectable label uptake during the entire experimental period, suggesting either dietary preferences for other, unidentified resources or reflecting physiological factors such as lower metabolic turnover and slower assimilation of labelled materials. No detectable label was found in the studied invertebrate groups in the a-MaOM and litter treatments during the short experimental period, indicating that its consumption by soil fauna was negligible in comparison to microbial biomass. Beyond feeding ecology, our study introduces a methodological innovation by producing stable ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labelled a-MaOM, offering a new tool for experimentally tracking stabilized SOM pathways in soil food webs while its bioavailability to soil organisms remains to be studied. Overall, our results reveal distinct feeding strategies among soil invertebrates, emphasizing the importance of mesofauna-microorganism interactions in soil nutrient cycling and the differentiated feeding modes of meso- and macrofauna in temperate forest ecosystems.

了解土壤无脊椎动物的资源利用对阐明陆地生态系统养分循环和能量流动具有重要意义。土壤环境为其消费者提供了广泛的资源，包括微生物、土壤有机质（SOM）和植物凋落物。土壤无脊椎动物体型小且隐蔽，通常依赖于各种各样的基础资源，这使得确定其对不同动物群体饮食的具体贡献具有挑战性。本研究利用稳定同位素双标记（13C和15N）研究了在一个月的实验温带森林中生态环境中，不同有机资源向土壤中、大型动物的碳氮流动。研究资源包括细菌和真菌生物量、凋落叶和人工矿物相关有机物质“a- maom”，由微生物坏死块和蛭石组成，蛭石是一种新开发的衬底，用于实验模拟稳定的SOM。我们的研究结果表明，中食性动物在标签引入后3天内就吸收了细菌和真菌的同位素标签，这表明它们在土壤食物网中是主要的微生物消费者，并突出了微生物生物量作为土壤中食性动物营养来源的重要性。相比之下，在整个实验期间，大型动物没有显示出可检测到的标签摄取，这可能表明它们对其他未知资源的饮食偏好，或者反映了生理因素，如较低的代谢周转和较慢的标签物质同化。在较短的实验时间内，在a-MaOM和凋落物处理的无脊椎动物组中没有发现可检测到的标签，这表明与微生物生物量相比，土壤动物的消耗可以忽略不计。除了喂养生态学，我们的研究还引入了一种方法创新，通过生产稳定的13C-和15n标记的a- maom，为实验跟踪土壤食物网中稳定的SOM途径提供了一种新的工具，而其对土壤生物的生物有效性仍有待研究。总体而言，我们的研究结果揭示了土壤无脊椎动物不同的取食策略，强调了温带森林生态系统中中微生物相互作用在土壤养分循环中的重要性，以及中、大型动物不同的取食模式。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating soil trophic links in a peatland, northeast China: Dual stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of microarthropods and their food sources 东北泥炭地土壤营养联系研究：微节肢动物及其食物来源的δ13C和δ15N双稳定同位素分析

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103761

Dandan Liu , Yiling Lin , Haitao Wu

Peatlands are crucial global carbon sinks and key players in carbon cycles, with their soil food webs supporting vital ecosystem processes. However, trophic relationships and carbon source uses of soil microarthropods in peatlands are poorly understood, limiting our understanding of their role in material cycling and ecosystem stability. Here, we employed dual stable isotope analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) to investigate the trophic structure and carbon source utilization of soil microarthropods (Collembola, Oribatida, and Mesostigmata) in the Hani Peatland of northeastern China. Our results reveal clear trophic differentiation among taxa, with Mesostigmata occupying higher positions and Oribatida displaying broader isotopic niches. Although Collembola exhibited a weak correlation between body mass and isotope values, this pattern was not consistent across taxa. Mosses, particularly Polytrichum strictum, contributed significantly to the carbon intake of Collembola and Oribatida. However, δ¹³C enrichment patterns suggest that carbon transfer is primarily mediated through moss-associated microbial pathways rather than direct moss consumption. These findings provide novel insights into the structure and functioning of peatland soil food webs and highlight the ecological importance of microarthropods in belowground biogeochemical cycling. Understanding their roles is critical for predicting peatland responses to environmental change and informing conservation strategies.

泥炭地是至关重要的全球碳汇和碳循环的关键参与者，其土壤食物网支持重要的生态系统过程。然而，泥炭地土壤微节肢动物的营养关系和碳源利用尚不清楚，限制了我们对其在物质循环和生态系统稳定中的作用的理解。本文采用双稳定同位素（δ13C和δ15N）分析了哈尼泥炭地土壤微节肢动物（弹虫、甲虫和中刺虫）的营养结构和碳源利用。我们的研究结果揭示了类群间明显的营养分化，中柱头甲占据较高的位置，甲骨甲显示出更广泛的同位素生态位。虽然弹虫的体质量与同位素值的相关性较弱，但这种模式在不同的分类群中并不一致。苔藓类植物对弹虫和甲虫的碳吸收有显著的促进作用，其中以窄曲多毛虫最为显著。然而，δ13C富集模式表明碳转移主要是通过苔藓相关的微生物途径介导的，而不是直接消耗苔藓。这些发现为泥炭地土壤食物网的结构和功能提供了新的见解，并强调了微节肢动物在地下生物地球化学循环中的生态重要性。了解它们的作用对于预测泥炭地对环境变化的反应和为保护策略提供信息至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional endophytic bacteria intimately associated within spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a chernozem soil in Central Europe 在中欧黑钙土中与丛枝菌根真菌孢子密切相关的多功能内生细菌

IF 3.3 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103760

Helmut Baltruschat , Johanna Hummel , Marit Gillmeister , Stefan Ratering , Kathrin Kabrodt , Ewald Sieverding , Fritz Oehl

Chernozems are counted among the most fertile soils worldwide. Unexpectedly high spore density and species richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were found in a long-term field trial established on such a soil. The purpose of the present study was to estimate bacterial communities associated within spores of selected AMF species from a long-term field trial on a highly fertile Calcic Chernozem to unravel their diversity belonging to different genera and species. We hypothized that high AMF species richness found in the Chernozem soil is reflected in a bacterial diversity with multifunctional traits mediated by indigenous bacterial compositions. The AMF species Funneliformis mosseae, Scutellospora calospora and Septoglomus nigrum were selected, since they occurred abundantly both in reduced and conventional tillage systems. The pure cultures of isolated bacterial strains were tested for ecological functions (traits) such as phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production, indole-3-acetic acid production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity. In addition, antimicrobial activity against both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic fungi and oomycetes was evaluated. The majority of bacterial strains was exclusively associated with only one of the three AMF species, thus, giving evidence that each AMF species may harbor its own bacterial community. A large number of bacterial communities was shown to exert multifunctional activities ranging from plant growth promotion traits to antimicrobial activity. These findings suggest that the multifunctionality of bacteria intimately associated with AMF could markedly expand the ecological function of an autochthonous AMF population and empower host plants to explore robust ways to cope with changing environmental conditions.

黑钙土是世界上最肥沃的土壤之一。在这种土壤上进行了长期的田间试验，发现丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的孢子密度和物种丰富度出乎意料地高。本研究的目的是通过在高肥力钙质黑钙土上进行的长期田间试验，估计选定的AMF物种孢子内的细菌群落，以揭示它们属于不同属和物种的多样性。我们假设黑钙土中AMF物种丰富度高反映在原生细菌组成介导的多种功能特征的细菌多样性上。选择的AMF种有：mossefuneliformis、calospora Scutellospora和Septoglomus nigrum，因为它们在减量耕作和常规耕作制度中都大量存在。对分离菌株的纯培养物进行了磷增溶、铁载体产量、吲哚-3-乙酸产量和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸脱氨酶活性等生态功能（性状）的测试。此外，还评估了其对半生物营养和坏死性真菌及卵菌的抑菌活性。大多数菌株只与三种AMF中的一种相关，因此，证据表明每种AMF可能都有自己的细菌群落。大量的细菌群落被证明具有多种功能，从植物生长促进性状到抗菌活性。这些发现表明，与AMF密切相关的细菌的多功能性可以显着扩展本地AMF种群的生态功能，并使寄主植物能够探索应对不断变化的环境条件的强大方法。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of grassland management intensity on associations between bacterial, fungal and plant communities 草地管理强度对细菌、真菌和植物群落关系的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103754

Johanna Mayerhofer , Franziska Richter , Aaron Fox , Franco Widmer , Andreas Lüscher , Valentin Klaus , Martin Hartmann

Understanding co-occurrences of different taxa is of both fundamental and applied relevance, for example, to understand ecosystem processes and to design monitoring programs for above- and belowground biodiversity. Plants and microorganisms form complex, interdependent relationships, which are exposed to and may be compromised by agricultural management. Here we assessed the effect of grassland management intensities on bacterial, fungal and plant communities and their associations. We further analyzed the potential of inferring information from taxa of one community on structural changes of the other communities with the aim of potentially enhancing the efficiency of biodiversity assessments by finding common indicator taxa. For that, bacterial, fungal and plant communities as well as environmental factors were assessed in 89 grassland sites of either extensive type (no fertilization, late and infrequent cuttings) or intensive type (fertilization, early and frequent cuttings) of management in the Swiss lowlands.

Bacterial, fungal and plant community structures as well as plant indicator values for soil nutrients and moisture differed between management types. Also, community homogeneity was significantly higher for all communities in the intensively managed grassland. For bacterial community structures, this was likely related to a smaller soil pH range in intensively managed grassland, while a lower fungal and plant richness may have caused more homogenous fungal and plant community structures in intensively managed grassland. Further, correlation strength among community structures dropped by 25–66 % from extensively to intensively managed grassland. Finally, indicator analysis suggested that future monitoring programs may use plant taxa to estimate expected effects on fungal communities and vice versa, but bacterial communities require additional assessment. Our results revealed a multifaceted and profound effect of management on bacterial, fungal and plant communities, which reinforces the conservation value of extensively managed grassland.

了解不同分类群的共生现象具有基础和应用上的相关性，例如，了解生态系统过程和设计地上和地下生物多样性的监测程序。植物和微生物形成了复杂的、相互依存的关系，这种关系受到农业管理的影响，也可能受到农业管理的损害。本研究评估了不同草地管理强度对细菌、真菌和植物群落及其关联的影响。我们进一步分析了从一个群落的分类群推断其他群落结构变化信息的潜力，以期通过寻找共同的指示分类群来提高生物多样性评估的效率。为此，对瑞士低地89个粗放型（不施肥、晚插枝和不频繁插枝）和集约型（施肥、早插枝和频繁插枝）草地的细菌、真菌和植物群落以及环境因子进行了评估。细菌、真菌和植物群落结构以及植物对土壤养分和水分的指示值在不同管理类型之间存在差异。集约经营草地各群落群落均匀性均显著高于集约经营草地。对于细菌群落结构，这可能与集约管理草地土壤pH值范围较小有关，而真菌和植物丰富度较低可能导致集约管理草地真菌和植物群落结构更为均匀。从粗放型管理到集约型管理，群落结构的相关强度下降了25 ~ 66%。最后，指标分析表明，未来的监测计划可能会使用植物分类来估计对真菌群落的预期影响，反之亦然，但细菌群落需要额外的评估。我们的研究结果揭示了管理对细菌、真菌和植物群落的多方面和深刻的影响，从而加强了广泛管理的草地的保护价值。

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引用次数: 0

Combining effects of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on soil N2O emissions and microbial community in a subtropical rapeseed-soybean rotation 氮肥与生物炭对亚热带菜豆轮作土壤N2O排放和微生物群落的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103750

Chi Zhang , Zhibo Li , Yulin Miao , Xiaolin Liao

Reducing nitrogen fertilizer application is a key strategy for mitigating soil N₂O emissions in agriculture. Biochar has great potential in reducing excessive fertilizer use. However, the interactive effects of biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilization on N₂O emissions are poorly understood. This study investigated how varying N fertilization (H: 100 %, M: 75 %, and L: 50 % of the conventional urea application rate) and biochar application rates (B0: 0 t ha⁻², B1: 15 t ha⁻², and B2: 60 t ha⁻²) affect N₂O emissions, microbial community, and the abundance of N₂O-related functional genes (amoA, nirS, nirK, and nosZ) in a subtropical oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) rotation system. Compared to control treatments (B0), biochar increased soil cumulative N₂O emissions by 55–61.5 % in the oilseed season and 200–245 % in the soybean season. Biochar also significantly increased microbial diversity and altered bacterial community composition, with notable shifts in the relative abundance of key phyla such as Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Armatimonadota, and Nitrospirota. These effects were more pronounced under higher biochar application, likely driven by increases in soil total carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), and ammonium (NH₄⁺-N). Biochar increased the abundance of N₂O-related genes but had no significant effect on the (nirS + nirK)/nosZ ratio. Co-occurrence network analysis further revealed that biochar altered microbial interactions in a rate- and season-dependent manner, with high rate simplifying the network and potentially disrupting community stability, especially during the soybean season. In contrast, N fertilizer had limited effects on N₂O emissions, microbial diversity or community structure. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) suggested that biochar increased N₂O emissions primarily by enhancing soil TC, TN, pH, and denitrification process, while N fertilizer may affect N₂O emissions through nitrification. These findings highlight the need for optimized biochar and fertilizer management strategies and emphasize the importance of identifying N₂O production pathways and conducting long-term field studies to ensure the sustainable use of biochar in agriculture.

减少氮肥的施用是减少农业土壤N2O排放的关键策略。生物炭在减少化肥过度使用方面具有巨大潜力。然而，生物炭和氮肥对N2O排放的交互作用尚不清楚。本研究研究了不同施氮量（常规尿素施用量的H: 100%、M: 75%和L: 50%）和生物炭施用量（B0: 0 t ha - 2、B1: 15 t ha - 2和B2: 60 t ha - 2）对亚热带油菜(Brassica napus L.)-大豆（Glycine max (L.)） N2O排放、微生物群落和N2O相关功能基因（amoA、nirS、nirK和nosZ）丰度的影响。美林)轮岗制度。与对照处理（B0）相比，生物炭在油籽季和大豆季分别使土壤累积N2O排放量增加了55 ~ 61.5%和200 ~ 245%。生物炭还显著增加了微生物多样性，改变了细菌群落组成，杆状杆菌门、拟杆菌门、犰狳门和亚硝基螺旋体门等关键门的相对丰度发生了显著变化。在生物炭用量较高的情况下，这些效应更为明显，可能是由土壤总碳（TC）、氮（TN）和铵（NH4+-N）的增加所驱动的。生物炭增加了n2o相关基因的丰度，但对(nirS + nirK)/nosZ比值无显著影响。共生网络分析进一步表明，生物炭以速率和季节依赖的方式改变微生物相互作用，高速率简化了网络，并可能破坏群落稳定性，特别是在大豆季节。氮肥对氮氧化物排放、微生物多样性和群落结构的影响有限。偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）表明，生物炭增加N2O排放主要通过增强土壤TC、TN、pH和反硝化过程，而氮肥可能通过硝化作用影响N2O排放。这些发现强调了优化生物炭和肥料管理策略的必要性，并强调了确定N2O生产途径和开展长期实地研究的重要性，以确保生物炭在农业中的可持续利用。

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引用次数: 0

Soil depth affects bacterial, but not fungal community structure and assembly in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations 土壤深度影响刺槐人工林细菌群落结构和聚集，但不影响真菌群落结构和聚集

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103747

Long Lv , Jingui Zhang , Charles P.-A. Bourque , Qian Xiang , Jianjun Zhang , Xianlong Yang , Jianxiao Zhu , Jingyong Ma

Forest soil microbial communities play an important role in nutrient cycling and overall ecosystem functioning; however, their responses to variations in soil depth and forest age (chronosequence) remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate how microbial community assembly varies across soil depths and forest ages to enhance our understanding of microbial diversity and its role in forest ecosystem functioning. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing to characterize bacterial and fungal community traits in both topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (70–100 cm) layers in Robinia pseudoacacia plantations ranging in age from 10 to 50 years old. The results revealed that soil depth significantly influenced bacterial diversity, whereas fungal diversity remained largely unaffected. Bacterial diversity was significantly higher in the topsoil compared to the subsoil (P < 0.05), while fungal diversity did not differ significantly between the two soil layers (P > 0.05). The composition of bacterial and fungal communities was significantly influenced by both soil depth and forest age. Community assembly processes for both groups were predominantly governed by deterministic factors, specifically homogeneous selection. However, with increasing forest age, β-nearest taxon index (βNTI) for bacterial communities significantly decreased in both soil layers, whereas βNTI for fungal communities increased in the topsoil. Soil carbon (C) composition, specifically soil organic C (SOC) and particulate organic C (POC), emerged as the main factors regulating variation in bacterial and fungal assembly processes across the chronosequence of R. pseudoacacia plantations. Network analysis revealed that bacterial network structures in the subsoil were more complex than those in the topsoil. Furthermore, our study highlights that SOC, POC, easily oxidizable organic C (EOC), and total nitrogen (TN) were identified as key environmental factors influencing microbial community composition, co-occurrence network patterns, and assembly processes across soil layers. Our study underscores the critical role of soil C composition in shaping forest soil microbial communities. This study provides empirical evidence that vertical heterogeneity in C availability mediates depth-dependent microbial assembly during forest succession, offering mechanistic insights into strategies for enhancing subsoil C sequestration in ecologically fragile areas.

森林土壤微生物群落在养分循环和整体生态系统功能中起着重要作用；然而，它们对土壤深度和森林年龄（时间顺序）变化的反应仍不充分了解。因此，有必要研究不同土壤深度和林龄下微生物群落组合的变化，以增强我们对微生物多样性及其在森林生态系统功能中的作用的认识。本研究利用16S rRNA基因和ITS测序技术，对10 ~ 50年树龄刺槐人工林表层（0 ~ 20 cm）和底土（70 ~ 100 cm）的细菌和真菌群落特征进行了研究。结果表明，土壤深度对细菌多样性有显著影响，而真菌多样性基本不受影响。表层土壤细菌多样性显著高于底土(P <；0.05)，两层土壤真菌多样性差异不显著(P >；0.05)。土壤深度和林龄对细菌和真菌群落的组成有显著影响。两个群体的群落聚集过程主要受确定性因素的支配，特别是同质选择。随着林龄的增加，两层土壤中细菌群落的β-最近类群指数（βNTI）均显著降低，而表层土壤中真菌群落的βNTI呈上升趋势。土壤碳(C)组成，特别是土壤有机C （SOC）和颗粒有机C (POC)，是调节刺槐人工林细菌和真菌组装过程的主要因素。网络分析表明，下层土壤中的细菌网络结构比表层土壤中的细菌网络结构更为复杂。土壤有机碳（SOC）、有机碳（POC）、易氧化有机碳（EOC）和总氮（TN）是影响土壤微生物群落组成、共生网络模式和聚集过程的关键环境因子。我们的研究强调了土壤C组成在形成森林土壤微生物群落中的关键作用。本研究提供了经验证据，表明森林演替过程中碳有效性的垂直异质性介导了深度依赖的微生物聚集，为生态脆弱地区加强底土碳固存的策略提供了机制见解。

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引用次数: 0

Trophic niche variation in springtails across soil depth 跳尾在不同土壤深度上的营养生态位变化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103745

Jing-Zhong Lu , Melissa Jüds , Linlin Zhong , Johannes Lux , Stefan Scheu , Amandine Erktan

Soil invertebrates move vertically through the soil to forage and avoid environmental stress. However, how their diet shifts with depth remains poorly understood, limiting our understanding of their trophic plasticity. Trophic consistency across depths could result from similar trophic niches existing at the microscale within different soil layers (the micro-scale feeding hypothesis). To test this, we conducted a microcosm experiment incubating springtails (Ceratophysella denticulata) in six separate forest soil layers (O_L, and O_F/H, and 0–3, 3–6, 6–9 and 9–12 cm depth of the mineral soil) and analysed changes in Collembola stable isotope ratios (¹³C/¹²C, ¹⁵N/¹⁴N). As expected, ¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratios in litter and soil organic matter increased with depth, whereas ¹³C/¹²C ratios of Collembola did not significantly differ across layers suggesting consistent basal resource use supporting the micro-scale feeding hypothesis. By contrast, ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratios of Collembola increased with depth, following the trend of organic matter from O_L to 0–3 cm soil, but not beyond. These results suggest that carbon and nitrogen nutrition of springtails is decoupled, and that the use of litter to calibrate ¹⁵N/¹⁴N values for estimating trophic positions of soil animals requires careful interpretation. Our results highlight the importance of soil depth as determinant of trophic positions of soil animals and point to principle differences in nitrogen resource acquisition between litter and soil in soil animal decomposers. Overall, the vertical structure of soils and a microscale view of trophic interactions needs closer attention to better understand niche differentiation and resource acquisition of soil animals.

土壤无脊椎动物在土壤中垂直移动以觅食，避免环境压力。然而，它们的饮食如何随深度变化仍然知之甚少，限制了我们对它们营养可塑性的理解。跨深度的营养一致性可能是由于不同土层中存在类似的微尺度营养生态位（微尺度取食假说）。为了验证这一点，我们在6个不同的森林土壤层（OL、OF/H，以及0-3、3-6、6-9和9-12 cm深度的矿质土壤）中孵育弹尾（Ceratophysella denticulata），并分析弹尾线虫稳定同位素比值（13C/12C, 15N/14N）的变化。正如预期的那样，凋落物和土壤有机质中的13C/12C和15N/14N比率随深度增加而增加，而线虫的13C/12C比率在各层之间没有显著差异，这表明基础资源利用一致，支持微尺度取食假说。弹线虫的15N/14N比值随深度的增加而增加，与有机质从OL向0-3 cm的变化趋势一致，但不超过有机质的变化趋势。这些结果表明，弹跳虫的碳氮营养是解耦的，利用凋落物校准15N/14N值来估计土壤动物的营养位置需要仔细解释。我们的研究结果强调了土壤深度作为土壤动物营养位置决定因素的重要性，并指出了土壤动物分解者在凋落物和土壤中氮资源获取的原理差异。总的来说，土壤的垂直结构和营养相互作用的微观视角需要进一步关注，以更好地了解土壤动物的生态位分化和资源获取。

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引用次数: 0

The hidden shift: The role of exotic plantations in modulating soil arthropod communities in an arid island 隐藏的转变：外来人工林在干旱岛屿调节土壤节肢动物群落中的作用

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103724

Adolfo Perdomo-González , Raquel Pérez-Reverón , Marta Goberna , Heriberto López , Paula Arribas , J. Alfredo Reyes-Betancort , Carmelo Andújar , Francisco J. Díaz-Peña

Reforestation with exotic species has often been used in arid and semiarid areas to restore degraded ecosystems. However, the effects of these plantations on soil biodiversity are still under debate. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term impacts (>60 years) of exotic plantations with Acacia cyclops and Pinus halepensis on soil biodiversity in an insular arid ecosystem of high ecological value. To do so, we study soil quality and soil arthropod communities in patches of vegetation under uniform edaphoclimatic conditions. Soil quality assessment was carried out by developing an ad-hoc Soil Quality Index (SQI) across seven sites, including two plantations (Pinus or Acacia), two degraded areas with a low cover of native species, and three sites with a high cover of native species. Whole organism community DNA (wocDNA) metabarcoding and barcoding were used to analyse key soil arthropod groups (Coleoptera, Acari and Collembola) recognized as habitat quality and biodiversity indicators. Our findings show that exotic plantations improved soil quality compared to degraded sites, with a considerable increase in the organic carbon pool, macronutrients and microbiological activity (SQI = 0.53 ± 0.12 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06). This improvement did not reach the values recorded in soils with a high cover of preserved native flora (SQI = 0.65 ± 0.12), with some exceptions. Richness of mesofauna and Coleoptera was lower in degraded areas (4.4 ± 1.6 and 0.4 ± 0.7, respectively) followed by exotic plantations (9.5 ± 2.6 and 1.2 ± 0.9) and permanent native vegetation (14.1 ± 5.5 and 2.2 ± 1.8). Soil quality significantly explained up to 52 % and 17 % of the variance in the richness of mesofauna and Coleoptera, respectively. While exotic plantations appear to prevent further land degradation in terms of soil quality, multivariate analysis shows that the structure of soil arthropod communities, particularly in Pinus plantations and to a lesser extent in Acacia plantations, differs significantly from that of soils in ecosystems with remnant native flora. These results highlight the need for a careful balance between biodiversity conservation and soil health management, especially in areas susceptible to desertification.

在干旱和半干旱地区，利用外来物种造林是恢复退化生态系统的常用方法。然而，这些人工林对土壤生物多样性的影响仍存在争议。在本研究中，我们旨在评估在一个具有高生态价值的孤岛干旱生态系统中，种植刺槐和halepensis的外来人工林对土壤生物多样性的长期影响（>60）。为此，我们研究了均匀气候条件下植被斑块的土壤质量和土壤节肢动物群落。通过建立特别土壤质量指数（SQI）对7个样地进行土壤质量评价，包括2个人工林（松木或金合欢）、2个原生物种低覆盖的退化区和3个原生物种高覆盖的样地。采用全生物群落DNA （wocDNA）元条形码法和条形码法对土壤节肢动物主要类群（鞘翅目、蜱螨和线虫）进行生境质量和生物多样性指标分析。结果表明，与退化地相比，外来人工林改善了土壤质量，有机碳库、常量营养素和微生物活性显著增加（SQI = 0.53±0.12比0.29±0.06）。除了一些例外情况，这种改善没有达到高原生植物覆盖土壤的SQI值（0.65±0.12）。退化区中低等动物和鞘翅目动物的丰富度依次为4.4±1.6和0.4±0.7，其次为外来人工林（9.5±2.6和1.2±0.9）和永久原生植被（14.1±5.5和2.2±1.8）。土壤质量对中、鞘翅目动物丰富度差异的解释分别高达52%和17%。虽然从土壤质量的角度来看，外来人工林似乎可以防止土地进一步退化，但多变量分析表明，土壤节肢动物群落的结构，特别是在松林和金合欢人工林（在较小程度上），与有残余本地植物群的生态系统的土壤结构存在显著差异。这些结果强调需要在生物多样性保护和土壤健康管理之间取得谨慎的平衡，特别是在易受荒漠化影响的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Ant community composition defines nest mound dynamics across successional stages in desert restoration 蚁群组成决定了荒漠恢复演替阶段的巢丘动态

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103731

Lei Zhou , Rentao Liu , Marcelo Sternberg , Hui An , Jiancai Sun , Feiyue Zeng

Ants play critical roles as ecosystem engineers in desert environments. This study investigates how ant community composition and diversity influence mound morphology and spatial distribution across a succession of revegetated areas in the Tengger Desert, China. We examined four stages of revegetation—5 years (5a), 8 years (8a), 34 years (34a), and 57 years (57a)—representing different stages in the successional process. Using a combination of sampling techniques, we found that ant abundance peaked in intermediate stages (8 years), while α and β diversity increased linearly with succession. Mound density and size decreased significantly after 34 years, and spatial distribution shifted from aggregated patterns in early and intermediate stages to a uniform distribution in the later stage (57 years). Notably, β diversity and the abundance of the dominant species, Formica cunicularia, were key drivers of these changes. This study highlights the importance of β diversity in influencing ecosystem engineering processes during long-term successional stages. These findings provide a theoretical basis for future restoration strategies that integrate ant community dynamics in desertified ecosystems.

蚂蚁在沙漠环境中扮演着生态系统工程师的重要角色。研究了腾格里沙漠不同复植区蚂蚁群落组成和多样性对土丘形态和空间分布的影响。我们研究了5年（5a）、8年（8a）、34年（34a）和57年（57a） 4个阶段的植被恢复，它们代表了演替过程的不同阶段。结合采样技术，我们发现蚂蚁丰度在中期（8年）达到峰值，而α和β多样性随演替线性增加。34 a后土丘密度和大小显著减小，空间分布由早期和中期的聚集型向后期（57 a）的均匀分布转变。β的多样性和优势种塑木（Formica cunicularia）的丰度是这些变化的主要驱动因素。该研究强调了β多样性在长期演替阶段影响生态系统工程过程中的重要性。这些发现为未来在沙漠化生态系统中整合蚂蚁群落动态的恢复策略提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

The making of a (soil) star: phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lumbricus with insight into its evolution and biogeography 一颗（土壤）星的形成：蚓属的系统发育关系及其进化和生物地理学的见解

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 ECOLOGY

European Journal of Soil Biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2025.103732

Daniel F. Marchán , Alejandro Martínez Navarro , Manuel Aira , Thibaud Decaëns , Sylvain Gérard , Jorge Domínguez

The widely distributed earthworm genus Lumbricus exhibits significant ecological and morphological diversity, playing essential roles in soil ecosystems. This study presents a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the genus, incorporating eighteen taxa and four mitochondrial and anuclear marker. The aim was to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within Lumbricus and examine the evolutionary trajectory of bioturbation behaviour and geographic origins.

Phylogenetic analyses revealed three major clades within Lumbricus, with Lumbricus baicalensis emerging as the earliest branching species. Evolutionary relationships suggested that the common ancestor of the genus was an epigeic litter dweller, with epi-anecic traits appearing later in their evolutionary history. Ancestral area reconstruction indicated that the genus originated in France and Central Europe, aligning with previous hypotheses of an Alpine origin. Molecular phylogenetics reinforced the monophyly of the genus, confirming the species status of previously unassessed taxa, such as Lumbricus meliboeus and Lumbricus polyphemus. Additionally, high genetic divergence was found between some infraspecific taxa, suggesting that Lumbricus castaneus var. disjunctus and Lumbricus rubellus castaneoides may represent pseudocryptic species. Previous hypotheses about the giant endemic species Lumbricus badensis evolving from a common ancestor with Lumbricus friendi around the Last Glacial Maximum were not supported by our results.

These findings contributed an evolutionary and biogeographic background to understand the current ecology and distribution of invasive Lumbricus species such as Lumbricus terrestris or Lumbricus castaneus, potentially opening the way to improved management of these impactful species.

蚓属蚯蚓分布广泛，具有显著的生态和形态多样性，在土壤生态系统中起着重要作用。本研究提出了一个全面的分子系统发育属，包括18个分类群和4个线粒体和核标记。目的是澄清在蚓内的系统发育关系，并检查生物扰动行为和地理起源的进化轨迹。系统发育分析揭示了蚓科的三个主要分支，其中黄芩是最早的分支种。进化关系表明，该属的共同祖先是后生凋落物居民，后生特征出现在他们的进化史上较晚。祖先区域重建表明，该属起源于法国和中欧，与先前的阿尔卑斯起源假说一致。分子系统发育强化了该属的单一性，证实了以前未被评估的分类群，如Lumbricus meliboeus和Lumbricus polyphemus的物种地位。此外，在一些种下分类群之间发现了高度的遗传差异，表明麻条蚓和麻条蚓可能是假隐种。先前关于巨型特有物种巴氏Lumbricus badensis是在末次盛冰期前后与友氏Lumbricus friendi由共同祖先进化而来的假设，并没有得到我们研究结果的支持。这些发现为了解陆生蚓（Lumbricus terrestris）和castaneus等入侵蚓类物种的生态和分布提供了进化和生物地理背景，为改善这些有影响的物种的管理开辟了道路。

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引用次数: 0