Experimental parasitology最新文献_第3页

Isolation of Bacillus altitudinis A7 from Eimeria-immunized chickens and its inhibitory effect on Eimeria tenella 艾美耳球虫免疫鸡中高原芽孢杆菌A7的分离及其对艾美耳球虫的抑制作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109048

Zhongchuang Wang , Peiyao Shang , Man Lei , Wenjie Zhang , Ruiting Zhang , Qiping Zhao , Shunhai Zhu , Hongyu Han , Hui Dong , Lili Hao , Xingju Song

Eimeria spp. are responsible for chicken coccidiosis, the most important enteric protozoan disease in poultry, resulting in significant economic losses for the poultry industry. With the prohibition of antibiotic use in animal husbandry, researchers must find alternative preventive agents. The objective of this study was to isolate Bacillus strains and evaluate the anti-Eimeria tenella effects of B. altitudinis A7. In total, four Bacillus strains (A1, A5, A6, and A7) were isolated from the fresh feces of E. tenella-immunized chickens, and three Bacillus species, B. pumilus T246 (A1), B. altitudinis 41KF2b (A5 and A7), and B. cereus NS26 (A6), were identified with morphological and molecular methods. The consumption of B. altitudinis A7 by chickens significantly reduced oocyst production and the cecal lesion score after infection with E. tenella and significantly increased the expression of tight-junction proteins, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) relative to those in the E. tenella-infected, non-B. altitudinis A7-fed group (CON). B. altitudinis A7 also significantly increased the relative abundances of Pediococcus, Fournierella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, CAG:352, and Tuzzerella compared with those in both the CON group and the normal control (N) group. These findings indicate that B. altitudinis A7 isolated from the feces of E. tenella-immunized chickens promoted host resistance to E. tenella.

鸡球虫病是禽类中最重要的肠道原生动物疾病，艾美耳球虫引起鸡球虫病，给家禽业造成重大经济损失。由于禁止在畜牧业中使用抗生素，研究人员必须找到替代的预防剂。本研究的目的是分离芽孢杆菌菌株，并评价高原芽孢杆菌A7抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫的作用。从鸡鲜粪中分离到4株芽孢杆菌（A1、A5、A6、A7），并通过形态学和分子方法鉴定出细小芽孢杆菌T246 （A1）、高原芽孢杆菌41KF2b （A5、A7）和蜡样芽孢杆菌NS26 （A6）。食用高原白僵菌A7后，鸡的卵囊产量显著降低，盲肠病变评分显著降低，紧密连接蛋白、白细胞介素-8 （IL-8）、白细胞介素-10 （IL-10）和超氧化物歧化酶1 （SOD1）的表达显著高于未感染高原白僵菌的鸡。高原a7饲喂组（CON）。与CON组和正常对照(N)组相比，B. altitudinis A7也显著提高了Pediococcus、Fournierella、Clostridium sensu stricto 1、CAG:352和Tuzzerella的相对丰度。上述结果表明，从免疫的鸡粪便中分离出的高原芽胞杆菌A7可促进宿主对腱戎杆菌的抗性。

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引用次数: 0

WITHDRAWN: Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Leishmaniases: A review. 利什曼病药物输送系统研究进展综述。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109061

Antara Banerjee

This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies-and-standards/article-withdrawal). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the publication of this paper. This error bears no reflection on the article or its authors. The publisher apologizes to the authors and the readers for this unfortunate error.

利什曼病是一种被忽视的热带病，由不同的临床形式和表现组成，取决于利什曼原虫的许多不同致病物种，是世界各地普遍存在的主要公共卫生问题之一。从广义上讲，疾病可分为皮肤（CL）和内脏（VL）形式，取决于组织侵犯，发病机制和表现。所有传统的治疗性抗利什曼原虫药物，如锑化合物、两性霉素B、米特福辛、喷他脒、帕罗霉素等，都有其自身的局限性。利什曼原虫寄生虫在网状内皮系统深处的巨噬细胞内以细胞内无梭菌的形式窝藏和增殖，对药物进入感染组织的递送效率、可用性和保留提出了重大挑战。近年来，新型药物输送系统（NDDS）的进展，结合了各种常规药物的纳米配方和新的候选药物，在这方面显示出更好的解决方案。有效靶向药物也减少了有效剂量，从而减少了副作用，减少了出现耐药性的机会。本文结合NDDS在CL和VL中的应用，综述了NDDS的各种方法和研究进展。虽然很少有制剂已被批准用于人类，而且AmBisome已被推荐为印度治疗VL的一线药物，但大多数其他制剂仍在不同实验模型的体外和/或体内研究中。简要介绍了未来的前景、障碍和监管问题。

引用次数: 0

Relationship between toxoplasmosis and addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis 弓形虫病与成瘾的关系：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109062

Tooran Nayeri , Mosayeb Rostamian , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Fatemeh Ghaffarifar , Abdolhossein Dalimi Asl

Chronic toxoplasmosis has been associated with behavioral alterations in both humans and animal models. Given that substance addiction involves behavioral and neurochemical changes, this study aimed to investigate the potential association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and substance use disorders by synthesizing available evidence through a meta-analysis. A systematic search of five databases was conducted using relevant keywords to identify English-language articles published up to January 19, 2025. Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding p-value. A total of 18 studies were included in the systematic review, of which 9 met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, encompassing 2499 participants (1018 individuals with substance use disorders and 1481 controls). The random-effects model estimated an OR of 1.86 (95 % CI: 1.25–2.76) for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies among individuals with substance use disorders compared with controls. Egger's test indicated no publication bias. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness and stability of the observed association between anti-T. gondii IgG seropositivity and addiction. These findings demonstrate a statistically significant association between T. gondii infection and substance use disorders. However, the limited number of available studies highlights the need for further epidemiological investigations, particularly longitudinal studies, to clarify the nature and direction of this relationship.

在人类和动物模型中，慢性弓形虫病与行为改变有关。鉴于物质成瘾涉及行为和神经化学变化，本研究旨在通过荟萃分析综合现有证据，探讨弓形虫感染与物质使用障碍之间的潜在关联。利用相关关键词对5个数据库进行系统检索，确定2025年1月19日前发表的英文文章。根据预先确定的纳入和排除标准筛选研究。采用随机效应模型计算合并优势比（OR）及相应的p值。系统评价共纳入18项研究，其中9项符合纳入荟萃分析的标准，共纳入2499名参与者（1018名物质使用障碍患者和1481名对照）。随机效应模型估计抗t的OR为1.86 （95% CI: 1.25-2.76）。药物使用障碍患者的弓形虫IgG抗体与对照组比较。Egger的检验显示没有发表偏倚。敏感性分析证实了观察到的抗t。弓形虫IgG血清阳性与成瘾性。这些发现表明，弓形虫感染与药物使用障碍之间存在统计学上显著的关联。然而，现有研究数量有限，需要进一步进行流行病学调查，特别是纵向研究，以澄清这种关系的性质和方向。

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引用次数: 0

Parasitic competence of Telenomus remus: Response to age-structured and scale-protected eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda 长尾夜蛾的寄生能力：对年龄结构和有鳞片保护的夜蛾卵的反应

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109050

Shushant Tuteja, P.S. Shera

Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an important egg parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Understanding the influence of host egg age and physical barriers on parasitism by T. remus is essential for optimizing its mass rearing and augmentative biological control program against this invasive pest. The aim of study was to know whether and to what extent age and presence of scales on host eggs influence the parasitism by T. remus. We investigated the parasitism potential of T. remus on 24- and 48-h-old eggs (with and without scales) of S. frugiperda. Significant differences were observed in daily and total parasitism when eggs of S. frugiperda with varying age were offered to parasitoid females. The parasitism was comparatively more on 24-h-old as compared to 48-h-old eggs. However, presence or absence of scales on the eggs had no significant impact on these parameters. There were no significant differences in adult emergence and proportion of the females in progeny (sex-ratio) from 24- and 48-h-old eggs offered to the parasitoid for parasitism. Further, the adult emergence was also not influenced by presence of scales on eggs. The present findings will help in mass rearing of this parasitoid and developing augmentative biological control programme under field conditions for this invasive pest.

膜翅目：夜蛾科)是一种重要的卵寄生蜂。了解寄主卵龄和物理屏障对夜蛾寄生的影响，对优化夜蛾的大规模饲养和加强对夜蛾的生物防治具有重要意义。本研究的目的是了解寄主卵的年龄和鳞片的存在是否以及在多大程度上影响黄颡鱼的寄生。研究了桔皮绦虫在24 h和48 h卵（带鳞和不带鳞）上的寄生潜力。不同龄期的卵对寄生雌虫的日寄生量和总寄生量有显著差异。卵龄24 h寄生率高于卵龄48 h。然而，卵上是否有鳞片对这些参数没有显著影响。24 h和48 h的卵供寄生蜂寄生，其成虫羽化率和雌虫占子代的比例（性别比）无显著差异。此外，成虫的羽化也不受卵上鳞片的影响。本研究结果将有助于该寄生蜂的大规模饲养，并在田间条件下对该入侵害虫制定增强型生物防治方案。

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引用次数: 0

Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites as biocontrol agents: Targeting dengue vector larvae through histological and molecular pathways 蓝藻次级代谢物作为生物防治剂：通过组织学和分子途径靶向登革热媒介幼虫。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109051

Sanjana Vuppula , Dhanraj Ganapathy , Prabhalakshmi Balasubramaniyan , Anahas Perianaika Matharasi Antonyraj

The increasing resistance of Aedes aegypti to conventional insecticides necessitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the larvicidal efficacy of Lyngbya sp. SMC 069 extracts, particularly focusing on fatty acid-rich chloroform fractions. Among the solvents tested, the chloroform extract showed the highest activity with 90.58 % mortality at 500 ppm against third-instar larvae. Column chromatography yielded a fast-eluting fraction (FR) with superior potency achieving 98.21 % mortality at 50 ppm and an LC₅₀ of 22.3 ppm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of alkane, alkene, and ester functional groups, while GC-MS identified oleic acid derivatives as major constituents. Histopathological analysis revealed disruption of the larval midgut and cuticle. Molecular docking revealed that oleic acid binds strongly to larval targets, including fatty acid-binding protein (−6.6 kcal/mol) and acetylcholinesterase (−5.6 kcal/mol), suggesting dual mechanisms of metabolic disruption and neurotoxicity. These research findings demonstrate the potential of Lyngbya-derived fatty acids as sustainable larvicides. The bioactive fraction's efficacy at low concentrations supports its candidacy for inclusion in integrated mosquito management programs aimed at mitigating vector-borne diseases like dengue. This research advances SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) by providing a sustainable biological alternative for reducing dengue transmission risk.

埃及伊蚊对常规杀虫剂的抗药性日益增强，因此有必要开发环保替代品。本研究考察了枸杞SMC 069提取物的杀幼虫效果，特别是对富含脂肪酸的氯仿部分进行了研究。其中，氯仿提取物在500 ppm浓度下对3龄幼虫的死亡率最高，达到90.58%。柱层析产生了高效的快速洗脱部分（FR），在50 ppm时达到98.21%的死亡率，LC50为22.3 ppm。FT-IR分析证实了烷烃、烯烃和酯官能团的存在，而GC-MS鉴定了油酸衍生物是主要成分。组织病理学分析显示幼虫中肠和角质层破裂。分子对接发现，油酸与幼虫靶蛋白（-6.6 kcal/mol）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（-5.6 kcal/mol）结合较强，提示油酸具有代谢紊乱和神经毒性的双重机制。这些研究结果证明了林子脂肪酸作为可持续杀幼虫剂的潜力。该生物活性组分在低浓度下的功效支持其被纳入旨在减轻登革热等媒介传播疾病的综合蚊子管理计划。

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引用次数: 0

Species diversity, benzimidazole resistance, and phytochemical synergy in gastrointestinal nematode nemabiomes from sheep farms in Portugal 葡萄牙绵羊农场胃肠道线虫的物种多样性、苯并咪唑抗性和植物化学协同作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109058

Natália Faria Campbell , Helga Waap , Helder Cortes

Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) threatens small ruminant production. This study assessed ovicidal activity of eight natural aromatic phytochemicals and interactions with synthetic benzimidazoles (BZs: albendazole [ABZ], thiabendazole [TBZ]) against nemabiome eggs of 14 BZ-resistant sheep farms across Trás-os-Montes, Beira Interior, Estremadura, and Alentejo regions of Portugal. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCL), octyl gallate (OGA), carvacrol (CRV), thymol (THY), and salicylaldehyde (SAL) achieved >90 % egg hatch inhibition (EHI) at 250 μg/mL in egg hatch tests (EHTs), unlike trans-cinnamic acid, gentisic acid, and curcumin (<90 % EHI). Effective concentrations (EC₁₀–EC₉₀) were determined for each compound against farm nemabiomes. TCL (EC₉₀ ≈ 27.0 μg/mL) and OGA (≈54.1 μg/mL) showed highest ovicidal efficacy, followed by CRV (≈120.3 μg/mL), THY (≈171.3 μg/mL), and SAL (≈155.2 μg/mL), requiring 25–220-fold higher concentrations than BZs. EC₁₀–EC₇₅ concentrations in checkerboard assays determined fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) to assess interactions. Compound interactions (FICI: 0.20–0.49; all ≤0.5) reduced ABZ mean EC₉₀ by 0.73 μg/mL (89.6 %) and TBZ by 0.72 μg/mL (94.7 %), with TCL and OGA showing strongest effects (FICI ≤0.25). ITS2 metabarcoding identified six GIN species, with Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis most prevalent. Nemabiome diversity (H': 0.09–1.17) and species prevalence showed no correlation with EHI EC₉₀ values (|r| < 0.418, p > 0.05), suggesting ovicidal efficacy or BZ-phytochemical interactions are not species-driven. Synergistic mechanisms involving aromatic phytochemical-induced eggshell damage, complementing BZ β-tubulin disruption, are discussed. BZ-phytochemical combinations offer a promising strategy for sustainable GIN control, warranting in vivo validation.

胃肠道线虫（GINs）的驱虫抗性威胁着小反刍动物的生产。本研究评估了8种天然芳香植物化学物质与合成苯并咪唑（BZs：阿苯达唑[ABZ]、噻苯达唑[TBZ]）对葡萄牙Trás-os-Montes、贝拉内河、埃斯特雷马杜拉和阿连特茹地区14个bz抗性绵羊养殖场的线虫卵的杀卵活性及其相互作用。反式肉桂醛（TCL）、没食子酸辛酯（OGA）、香芹酚（CRV）、百里香酚（THY）和水杨醛（SAL）在250 μg/mL的孵卵试验（EHTs）中，对农场nemabiomes的孵卵抑制率（EHI）达到90%，与反式肉桂酸、龙胆酸和姜黄素（10-EC90）不同。TCL （EC90≈27.0 μg/mL）和OGA（≈54.1 μg/mL）的杀卵效果最高，其次是CRV（≈120.3 μg/mL）、THY（≈171.3 μg/mL）和SAL(≈155.2 μg/mL)，所需浓度比bz高25-220倍。棋盘试验中EC10-EC75浓度测定分数抑制浓度指数（FICIs）以评估相互作用。复合相互作用（FICI: 0.20 ~ 0.49，均≤0.5）使ABZ平均EC90降低0.73 μg/mL (89.6%)， TBZ降低0.72 μg/mL(94.7%)，其中TCL和OGA作用最强（FICI≤0.25）。ITS2元条形码鉴定出6种GIN，其中以弯曲血蜱（Haemonchus contortus）、环皮绒球绦虫（Teladorsagia circulinta）和颜色毛线虫（Trichostrongylus colbriformis）最为常见。线虫组多样性（H′：0.09 ~ 1.17）和物种流行度与EHI EC90值无相关性（|r| < 0.418, p > 0.05），表明杀卵效果或bz -植物化学相互作用不是物种驱动的。讨论了芳香族植物化学诱导的蛋壳损伤的协同机制，以补充BZ β-微管蛋白的破坏。bz -植物化学组合为可持续的GIN控制提供了有前途的策略，需要在体内验证。

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引用次数: 0

Mosquitocidal, immunostimulatory, and molecular effects of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) essential oil on Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) 柑桔Cymbopogon citratus的杀蚊、免疫刺激及分子效应白纹伊蚊精油（Skuse, 1894）。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109046

Perumal Vivekanandhan

In this study, essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon citratus leaves were, tested for toxicity against Aedes albopictus, and their chemical components were identified using GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, molecular docking techniques were employed to verify the interactions between key compounds and their target proteins. The results showed that C. citratus essential oils caused mortality rate of 100%, 85 %, and 65.33% in larvae, pupae, and adults of A. albopictus, respectively, at 48 h post-treatment. The essential oils exhibited lower LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values in larvae (5.865 and 47.553 ppm) pupae (13.071 and 253.897 ppm), and adults (45.804 and 938.143 ppm) at 48 h post treatment. The study also identified significant variations in the levels of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes, as well as insect-specific enzymes. Specifically, catalase enzyme activity decreased, while glutathione S-transferase levels increased compared to the control group. The impact of essential oils from C. citratus leaves on Artemia nauplii showed 40 % mortality at 24 h and 54.66 % at 48 h post-treatment. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils identified six primary chemical constituents: limonene (1.95 %), propyl amyl ketone (2.10 %), isogeranial (1.65 %), citral b (40.10 %), citral a (49.15 %), and caryophyllene oxide (1.35 %). Among these, citral a major chemical element demonstrating strong potential for mosquitocidal activity. Docking analysis revealed pocket C1 as the most promising binding site, with the lowest vina score (−7.1 kcal/mol) and the largest volume (3603 Å³), compared to the smaller and weaker pockets C2–C5. This study clearly demonstrates that essential oils from C. citratus leaves are a promising candidate for controlling mosquito-borne diseases.

本研究采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对香茅叶中提取的精油进行了对白纹伊蚊的毒性测定，并对其化学成分进行了鉴定。此外，利用分子对接技术验证了关键化合物与其靶蛋白之间的相互作用。结果表明，柑桔精油处理后48 h对白纹伊蚊幼虫、蛹和成虫的死亡率分别为100%、85%和65.33%。处理48 h后，精油对幼虫（5.865和47.553 ppm）、蛹（13.071和253.897 ppm）和成虫（45.804和938.143 ppm）的LC50和LC90值较低。该研究还发现了解毒和抗氧化酶以及昆虫特有酶水平的显著差异。具体来说，与对照组相比，过氧化氢酶活性降低，而谷胱甘肽s -转移酶水平升高。柑桔叶精油处理后24 h死亡率为40%，48 h死亡率为54.66%。GC-MS分析鉴定出6种主要化学成分：柠檬烯（1.95%）、丙基戊酮（2.10%）、异戊醛（1.65%）、柠檬醛b（40.10%）、柠檬醛a（49.15%）和石竹烯氧化物（1.35%）。其中，柠檬醛是一种主要的化学元素，具有很强的杀蚊活性。对接分析显示，与较小且较弱的口袋C2-C5相比，口袋C1具有最低的vina分数（-7.1 kcal/mol）和最大的体积（3603 Å3），是最有希望的结合位点。该研究清楚地表明，柑橘叶精油是控制蚊媒疾病的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Eimeria acervulina is a promising surrogate for Toxoplasma gondii oocysts exposed to chemical and physical treatments 针状艾美耳球虫是一种很有前途的替代刚地弓形虫卵囊暴露于化学和物理处理。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109049

Laure Augendre , Sandie Escotte-Binet , Dominique Aubert , Isabelle Villena , Jean-Michel Répérant , Stéphanie La Carbona , Aurélien Dumètre

Oocysts of the coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii withstand a wide range of chemical and physical factors, contributing to their food- and water-borne transmission to humans worldwide. Assessing the efficacy of processes to remove or inactivate oocysts at a pilot or industrial scale encounters major ethical, economic, and methodological constraints. The coccidian parasite Eimeria acervulina has been proposed as a non-human pathogenic alternative of T. gondii to assess food decontamination, however it is not known whether the two parasites exposed to chemical and thermal treatments parallel in terms of oocyst structure and infectivity. Using bioassays and lectin-based assays combined with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analyses, this study shows that E. acervulina and T. gondii oocysts display similar response to heating and/or freezing and bleach or NaOH treatments, as in maintaining infectivity, with E. acervulina oocysts retaining their size and structure better than T. gondii. Collectively, our results suggest that E. acervulina is a reliable model for studying the response of T. gondii oocysts to certain chemical and physical agents. It could therefore serve as an affordable, non-pathogenic substitute for T. gondii when evaluating food decontamination processes, particularly in industrial settings.

球虫寄生虫刚地弓形虫的卵囊经受了广泛的化学和物理因素，有助于它们通过食物和水传播给全世界的人类。在试验或工业规模上评估去除或灭活卵囊的过程的有效性遇到了主要的伦理、经济和方法上的限制。球虫acervulina艾美耳虫（Eimeria acervulina）已被提出作为弓形虫的非人类致病替代品来评估食品去污，但目前尚不清楚这两种寄生虫暴露于化学和热处理是否在卵囊结构和传染性方面相似。通过生物测定和凝集素检测结合流式细胞术和荧光显微镜分析，本研究表明，在保持感染性方面，尖头弓形虫卵囊和弓形虫卵囊在加热和/或冷冻、漂白剂或氢氧化钠处理下表现出相似的反应，尖头弓形虫卵囊比弓形虫卵囊更能保持其大小和结构。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，刺状芽胞杆菌是研究弓形虫卵囊对某些化学和物理制剂反应的可靠模型。因此，在评估食品净化过程时，特别是在工业环境中，它可以作为一种负担得起的、非致病性的弓形虫替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of ethanolic extract and isolated α-bisabolol from Siparuna guianensis in the treatment of experimental neurotoxoplasmosis 贵阳狐猴醇提物和分离α-双abolol治疗实验性神经弓形虫病的疗效评价。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109045

Victor da Silva Siqueira , Thais Santos Anjo Reis , Stéfanne Rodrigues Rezende Ferreira , Sarah Gomes Rodrigues , Benílton Alves Rodrigues Júnior , Amanda Cristina Corrêa Fleury , Claudinei Alves da Silva , Liliane Nebo , Hellen Bertoletti Barbieri , Júlio César Jeronimo Barbosa , Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso , Carla Silva Siqueira , Hanstter Hallison Alves Rezende

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, typically manifests asymptomatically in immunocompetent individuals, leading to persistent chronic infection. However, immunosuppressed patients, such as transplant recipients, often develop neurotoxoplasmosis. The most commonly used therapy for neurotoxoplasmosis involves a combination of sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and folinic acid, but this treatment is associated with numerous side effects, leading to high rates of discontinuation. Ethanolic extract (EE) and α-bisabolol derived from the Siparuna guianensis plant have demonstrated favorable potential as a therapeutic alternative to parasitic diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the antitoxoplasmic potential of the ethanolic extract and the isolated α-bisabolol from S. guianensis in the treatment of in vivo neurotoxoplasmosis in Swiss mice. After 14 days of treatment, the mice were euthanized and their blood, brain, liver and kidney were collected for analysis. Histopathological analysis of the brain revealed that treatment with EE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg/day resulted in a lower parasite burden. Biochemical and histopathological analysis of the livers and kidneys indicated low liver and kidney toxicity of EE. Based on these results, it is concluded that EE at a concentration of 200 mg/kg/day was more effective in controlling T. gondii, being able to cross the blood-brain barrier, as well as being less toxic to the host, showing an action similar to conventional treatment.

弓形虫病由原生动物刚地弓形虫引起，通常在免疫能力强的个体中无症状表现，导致持续的慢性感染。然而，免疫抑制的患者，如移植受者，经常发展为神经弓形虫病。神经弓形虫病最常用的治疗包括磺胺嘧啶、乙胺嘧啶和亚叶酸的联合治疗，但这种治疗有许多副作用，导致停药率很高。摘要从贵州芦杉植物中提取的乙醇提取物（EE）和α-双abolol已被证明具有良好的治疗寄生虫病的潜力。因此，本研究旨在评价贵州葡萄树乙醇提取物和分离的α-双abolol对瑞士小鼠体内神经弓形虫病的抗弓形虫潜能。治疗14天后，对小鼠实施安乐死，并采集其血液、脑、肝、肾进行分析。脑组织病理学分析显示，用浓度为200 mg/kg/天的EE治疗可降低寄生虫负担。肝脏和肾脏的生化和组织病理学分析表明，EE的肝脏和肾脏毒性较低。综上所述，浓度为200 mg/kg/天的EE对弓形虫的控制更有效，能够穿过血脑屏障，而且对宿主的毒性更小，其作用与常规治疗相似。

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引用次数: 0

Aniba rosaeodora essential oil as a potent, eco-friendly larvicide against Aedes albopictus 蔷薇精油是一种高效、环保的杀蚊剂，可杀灭白纹伊蚊

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109047

Roselyn Manngaihsiam, Zothan Siama, Kiran R. Kharat

Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat to global health, necessitating innovative and sustainable vector control strategies. Aedes albopictus, a key vector, requires effective larvicidal agents to mitigate its spread. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the larvicidal efficacy of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil (AREO) against A. albopictus larvae, assess its cytotoxic and neurotoxic mechanisms, and explore its potential as a sustainable alternative to conventional mosquito larvicides. The larvicidal activity of AREO was tested against A. albopictus larvae by measuring its concentration- and time-dependent toxicity. Histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine cytotoxic effects on larval tissues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition was assessed to determine neurotoxic mechanisms. AREO demonstrated significant larvicidal activity, with LC₅₀ values of 40.225 and 10.382 ppm at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Histological analysis revealed midgut epithelial disintegration, whereas SEM confirmed structural damage to the cuticle. AREO exhibited potent AChE inhibition (78.8 % at 100 ppm compared with the control), indicating a neurotoxic mode of action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report AREO as an effective larvicidal agent against A. albopictus. Despite its limitations, such as the need for field trials and broader ecotoxicity studies, AREO shows promise as a sustainable alternative to conventional mosquito larvicides.

蚊媒疾病对全球健康构成重大威胁，需要创新和可持续的病媒控制战略。白纹伊蚊是一种重要的病媒，需要有效的杀幼虫剂来减轻其传播。本研究旨在评价蔷薇精油（AREO）对白纹伊蚊幼虫的杀幼虫效果，评估其细胞毒性和神经毒性机制，并探讨其作为常规杀幼虫剂的可持续替代品的潜力。通过浓度依赖性和时间依赖性的毒力测定，研究了AREO对白纹伊蚊幼虫的杀虫活性。采用组织学分析和扫描电镜（SEM）观察对幼虫组织的细胞毒作用。评估乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制以确定神经毒性机制。在24 h和48 h杀灭幼虫的LC50分别为40.225和10.382 ppm。组织学分析显示中肠上皮解体，扫描电镜证实角质层结构损伤。AREO表现出强有力的AChE抑制作用（与对照组相比，100 ppm时为78.8%），表明其作用方式具有神经毒性。据我们所知，这是第一个报道AREO作为白纹伊蚊有效的杀幼虫剂的研究。尽管存在局限性，例如需要实地试验和更广泛的生态毒性研究，但AREO有望成为传统灭蚊幼虫剂的可持续替代品。

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