Experimental parasitology最新文献_第2页

Alternative culture medium based on Manihot esculenta (Cassava) for the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis aimed at the control of Aedes aegypti 研究了以木薯为基础的苏云金芽孢杆菌替代培养基对埃及伊蚊的防治作用。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2026.109097

Katiane dos Santos Lobo , Juliete Lima Viana , Fátima Maria de Souza Pereira , Pedro Alberto Pavão Pessoa , Jefferson Almeida Rocha , Joelma Soares da Silva , Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro , Rosemary Aparecida Roque

The objective was to evaluate alternative culture media for the growth of the Bacillus thuringiensis strains BtMA-690, BtMA-750, and BtMA-1114, assessing growth parameters such as pH, spore concentration, optical density, and biomass, as well as selective and quantitative bioassays with Aedes aegypti larvae to estimate the lethal concentration (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀). The isolates BtMA-690 and BtMA-750 remained around neutrality (pH 7.0) throughout the fermentation period in the conventional media, while in the alternative medium they maintained a pH of 6.0, in contrast, BtMA-1114 showed a pH variation (6.0–8.0) across the media tested. In terms of spore concentration, for BtMA-690 and BtMA-750, the cassava-based alternative medium showed higher spores/mL values compared to the conventional media. Absorbance readings were higher for the conventional Nutrient Broth medium for isolates BtMA-690 and BtMA-750, whereas for BtMA-1114 the highest values were obtained with the Luria Bertani (LB) medium and the cassava-based alternative medium. Regarding biomass after 72 h, the LB medium showed higher values for all three isolates tested. The selective bioassays showed 100 % larval mortality within 24 h for the isolates BtMA-690 and BtMA-750 in both the conventional Nutrient Broth and the cassava-based alternative medium. The lowest LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values obtained for the isolates were 0.0102 mg/mL and 0.0253 mg/mL, respectively, for BtMA-690. The use of alternative media improved bacterial yield, making them competitive in the market and environmentally beneficial, with potential application in the production of bioproducts.

目的是评估苏云金芽孢杆菌BtMA-690、BtMA-750和BtMA-1114菌株生长的替代培养基，评估pH、孢子浓度、光密度和生物量等生长参数，并对埃及伊蚊幼虫进行选择性和定量生物测定，以估计致死浓度（LC50和LC90）。分离物BtMA-690和BtMA-750在常规培养基中保持中性（pH 7.0），而在替代培养基中保持pH 6.0，相反，BtMA-1114在不同培养基中表现出pH变化（6.0至8.0）。在孢子浓度方面，对于BtMA-690和BtMA-750，木薯基替代培养基比常规培养基显示更高的孢子/mL值。菌株BtMA-690和BtMA-750的吸光度在常规营养肉汤培养基中较高，而菌株BtMA-1114的吸光度在Luria Bertani （LB）培养基和木薯基替代培养基中最高。对于72 h后的生物量，LB培养基对三种分离菌均有较高的测定值。选择性生物测定表明，分离株BtMA-690和BtMA-750在常规营养液和木薯基替代培养基中24小时内幼虫死亡率均为100%。BtMA-690的最低LC50和LC90值分别为0.0102 mg/mL和0.0253 mg/mL。替代培养基的使用提高了细菌产量，使它们在市场上具有竞争力，对环境有益，在生物产品的生产中具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of GC-MS and antioxidant properties of seaweed extracts as a new larvicidal agent targeting Culex quinquefasciatus 海藻提取物作为新型致倦库蚊杀幼虫剂的气相色谱-质谱及抗氧化性能评价

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2026.109096

Pachaan Kolanchinathan , Paramasivan Deepa , Dharmaraj Praveenkumar , Alagan Subbiah Vijayakumar

Mosquito-borne illnesses present a major public health issue, requiring the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to control vectors. The present study explores the larvicidal potential of seaweed extracts and the antioxidant activities of Codium fragile and Turbinaria conoides-derived bioactive substances as a natural alternative to synthetic insecticides. The phytochemical analysis indicated that both C. fragile and T. conoides ethanolic extracts contained a total of fourteen compounds, which is greater than the other extracts. The GC-MS analysis performed on the ethanolic extract of C. fragile and T. conoides revealed the presence of twenty distinct compounds. C. fragile was found to have hexadecanoic acid (27.79 %), 4-methanocycloocta[d]pyridaz (7.39 %), 1,1-dimethoxy-2-hepten-7-al (7.04 %), and octadecanoic acid (5.9 %). For T. conoides, the main compounds discovered were dibutyl phthalate (69.56 %), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (14.01 %), and phthalic acid (2.58 %), all of which exhibited the highest area percentages. The ethanolic extract of T. conoides demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, with DPPH at 81.48 ± 1.0 %, ABTS at 88.29 ± 1.0 %, and hydroxyl radical scavenging at 86.51 ± 1.0 %, followed by other extracts. The antioxidant exhibited IC50 values of 22.50 ± 1 μg mL⁻¹, 34.86 ± 0.9 μg mL⁻¹, and 40.69 ± 1.1 μg mL⁻¹ for DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, respectively. The findings suggest that the compound acts as a powerful antioxidant, with lower IC₅₀ values indicating a greater antioxidant potential. Chloroform extracts from C. fragile and T. conoides demonstrated significant effects on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Consequently, the bioactive compounds derived from the ethanolic extracts could be utilized as alternatives for both antioxidant and larvicidal applications, potentially reducing the negative environmental impacts associated with synthetic insecticides. Seaweed presents a promising option for controlling mosquitoes due to its larvicidal characteristics.

蚊媒疾病是一个重大的公共卫生问题，需要制定可持续和环境友好的方法来控制病媒。本研究探讨了海藻提取物的杀幼虫潜力，以及龙舌兰和贝壳鼻甲衍生生物活性物质作为合成杀虫剂的天然替代品的抗氧化活性。植物化学分析结果表明，松香和松香乙醇提取物中含有14种化合物，比其他提取物多。气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果显示，两种植物的乙醇提取物中含有20种不同的化合物。易碎草中含有十六烷酸（27.79%）、4-甲烷环己酸（7.39%）、1,1-二甲氧基-2-庚烯-7-al（7.04%）和十八烷酸（5.9%）。发现的主要化合物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（69.56%）、1,2-苯二甲酸（14.01%）和邻苯二甲酸（2.58%），其面积百分比最高。其抗氧化活性最高，DPPH为81.48±1.0%，ABTS为88.29±1.0%，羟基自由基清除能力为86.51±1.0%，其他提取物次之。该抗氧化剂对DPPH、ABTS和羟基自由基的IC50分别为22.50±1 μg mL−1、34.86±0.9 μg mL−1和40.69±1.1 μg mL−1。研究结果表明，该化合物是一种强大的抗氧化剂，IC50值越低，表明其抗氧化潜力越大。三氯甲烷提取物对Cx有显著的抑制作用。quinquefasciatus幼虫。因此，从乙醇提取物中提取的生物活性化合物可以作为抗氧化和杀幼虫的替代品，潜在地减少与合成杀虫剂相关的负面环境影响。由于海藻具有杀幼虫的特性，它是一种很有前途的控制蚊子的选择。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular diversity, selection pressure, and structural modeling of Actin in Trypanosoma evansi isolates 伊瓦西锥虫分离株肌动蛋白的分子多样性、选择压力和结构建模

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109086

Siju Susan Jacob, Pinaki Prasad Sengupta, Snigdha Madhaba Maharana

Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of Surra, infects a wide range of domestic and wild animals, across tropical and subtropical regions. Although T. evansi isolates are generally considered genetically homologous, variations are anticipated due to host diversity and geographical distribution. This study investigated the molecular diversity, codon usage bias, haplotype distribution, and structural characteristics of actin in T. evansi isolates obtained from naturally infected dogs, buffaloes, lion and leopards in Karnataka and Chhattisgarh, India, with a focus on the conserved actin gene. PCR amplification of the full-length 1131 bp actin gene was standardized, and the amplicons were sequenced from these isolates. Sequence alignment revealed high nucleotide similarity (99.5 %–100 %) among the isolates, with two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified: a G to A transversion at position 204 and an A to G transversion at position 358, the latter resulting in a non-synonymous amino acid substitution (methionine to valine) at position 120. Codon usage analysis indicated a preference for codons ending in adenine or uracil, consistent with kinetoplastid parasites. Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method (K2+G model) confirmed the clustering of the isolates of the present study with T. evansi isolates from Rajasthan and China, forming a distinct clade clearly separated from other Trypanosoma species. The Ka/Ks ratios ranged from 0.299 to 1.500, suggesting both purifying and positive selection pressures. Haplotype network analysis identified eight haplotypes among 13 sequences, indicating a moderate level of haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.8590) and a complex evolutionary structure. Protein modeling using AlphaFold revealed the conservation of the canonical actin fold architecture, reinforcing the structural and functional conservation of actin in T. evansi. The combined findings provide valuable insights into the genetic diversity, evolutionary pressures, and structural stability of T. evansi actin gene, contributing to a better understanding of its molecular epidemiology and potential targets for control strategies.

伊文氏锥虫是苏拉的病原体，在热带和亚热带地区广泛感染家畜和野生动物。虽然伊瓦西t型病毒分离株通常被认为是遗传同源的，但由于宿主多样性和地理分布，预计会出现变异。本研究从印度卡纳塔克邦和恰蒂斯加尔邦自然感染的狗、水牛、狮子和豹子中分离得到的伊氏T. evansi分离物中研究了肌动蛋白的分子多样性、密码子使用偏性、单倍型分布和结构特征，重点研究了保守的肌动蛋白基因。对1131bp的肌动蛋白基因进行标准化PCR扩增，并对扩增产物进行测序。序列比对结果显示，菌株间核苷酸相似性高（99.5% - 100%），鉴定出2个单核苷酸多态性（snp）：第204位的G到a翻转和第358位的a到G翻转，后者导致第120位的非同义氨基酸取代（蛋氨酸到缬氨酸）。密码子使用分析表明，它们倾向于以腺嘌呤或尿嘧啶结尾的密码子，这与着丝质体寄生虫一致。利用最大似然方法（K2+G模型）进行系统发育分析，证实本研究分离物与来自拉贾斯坦邦和中国的伊瓦西锥虫分离物聚类，形成一个与其他锥虫种明显分离的独立分支。Ka/Ks比值在0.299 ~ 1.500之间，表明存在净化压力和正向选择压力。单倍型网络分析在13个序列中鉴定出8个单倍型，表明单倍型多样性中等（Hd = 0.8590），进化结构复杂。使用AlphaFold进行蛋白质建模，揭示了典型肌动蛋白折叠结构的保守性，加强了T. evansi中肌动蛋白的结构和功能保守性。这些研究结果对伊瓦氏T. evansi肌动蛋白基因的遗传多样性、进化压力和结构稳定性提供了有价值的见解，有助于更好地了解其分子流行病学和潜在的控制策略靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of a low-protein diet on the spleen of Swiss Webster mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni 低蛋白饮食对感染曼氏血吸虫瑞士韦氏小鼠脾脏的影响。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109085

Joana Bernardo , Magda Sanches , Christiane Leal Corrêa , Luciana Brandão-Bezerra , José Roberto Machado-Silva , Renata Heisler Neves

Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent parasitic disease globally. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions, with transmission dependent on human contact with contaminated water and the presence of an intermediate host. The disease is associated with poverty and coexists with inefficient nutrient consumption among populations lacking basic sanitation. In this study, we performed a histopathological analysis of the spleen in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice fed a low-protein diet. Mice were divided into four groups (n = 5 animals per group): uninfected, standard diet (US); uninfected, low-protein diet (ULP); infected, standard diet (IS); and infected, low-protein diet (ILP). S. mansoni infection (BH strain, with approximately 100 cercariae via subcutaneous route) occurred at the 4th week of diet administration, and euthanasia was performed after 9 weeks of infection. After euthanasia, the spleen was excised, cleaved, fixed, and then underwent histological processing and staining for the relevant analyses. Splenic alterations were investigated through qualitative and quantitative histological analyses, utilizing white pulp and capsule morphometry, stereology (D36 method), and megakaryocyte quantification. Histopathological analyses of the ILP group revealed a notable increase in hemosiderin and bilirubin pigment deposits, a 100 % increase in the volume density of trabeculae and megakaryocytes (albeit with deficient synthesis), and intense organizational changes in the splenic parenchyma. Therefore, the presented data suggest that protein deficiency exacerbates splenic tissue disorganization, a common condition in schistosomiasis, significantly impacting disease pathogenesis and host response.

血吸虫病是全球第二大流行的寄生虫病。该病常见于热带和亚热带地区，传播依赖于人类接触受污染的水和中间宿主的存在。该病与贫困有关，并与缺乏基本卫生设施的人群中营养消耗效率低下并存。在这项研究中，我们对喂食低蛋白饮食的感染曼氏血吸虫的小鼠的脾脏进行了组织病理学分析。小鼠分为四组（每组n = 5只）：未感染，标准饮食（US）；未感染低蛋白饮食（ULP）；受感染，标准饮食（IS）；感染，低蛋白饮食（ILP）。进食第4周发生曼氏链球菌感染（BH株，皮下感染约100条尾蚴），感染9周后进行安乐死。安乐死后，切除脾脏，切开，固定，然后进行组织学处理和染色进行相关分析。通过定性和定量组织学分析，利用白髓和包膜形态测定、体视学（D36法）和巨核细胞定量来研究脾脏的改变。ILP组的组织病理学分析显示含铁血黄素和胆红素色素沉积明显增加，小梁和巨核细胞体积密度增加100%（尽管合成不足），脾实质组织改变强烈。因此，这些数据表明，蛋白质缺乏加剧了血吸虫病常见的脾组织紊乱，显著影响了疾病的发病机制和宿主的反应。

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引用次数: 0

Seaweed-derived nanoparticles for mosquito control: An eco-nanotechnology approach 用于蚊虫控制的海藻衍生纳米颗粒：生态纳米技术方法

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109084

Aravinth Annamalai

Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya remain major global health challenges, further exacerbated by escalating insecticide resistance and ecological risks linked to synthetic agents. This review highlights the potential of seaweed-derived nanoparticles (NPs) as sustainable biopesticides for vector control. While multiple types of seaweed-mediated NPs have been reported, particular emphasis is placed on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), given their dominance in the literature, with additional coverage of TiO₂, ZnO, and AuNPs for broader context. Synthesized via green chemistry approaches using marine macroalgal metabolites such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, these NPs exhibit potent larvicidal, adulticidal, and ovicidal effects against major mosquito vectors, including Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex species. Mechanistic studies reveal that seaweed-mediated NPs impair mosquito physiology through midgut epithelial disruption, oxidative stress induction, enzyme inhibition, reproductive interference, and apoptosis. Their nanoscale dimensions and multi-targeted actions reduce the likelihood of resistance development, while low toxicity toward non-target organisms and efficient biodegradability enhance ecological compatibility. Comparative evaluations suggest that seaweed-derived NPs often match or surpass conventional insecticides in efficacy under laboratory settings, with distinct advantages in environmental safety. Nonetheless, limitations persist, including the absence of standardized synthesis protocols, limited field trials, and insufficient data on long-term ecological impacts. Future research should focus on scalable synthesis, comprehensive toxicological evaluation, and integration into existing vector management frameworks. By uniting marine biotechnology with nanoscience, seaweed-derived NPs represent a promising, eco-safe alternative for mosquito control with implications for global health and environmental sustainability.

疟疾、登革热和基孔肯雅热等蚊媒疾病仍然是全球健康面临的主要挑战，杀虫剂耐药性不断升级以及与合成剂有关的生态风险进一步加剧了这种挑战。这篇综述强调了海藻衍生纳米颗粒（NPs）作为病媒控制的可持续生物农药的潜力。虽然已经报道了多种类型的海藻介导的纳米粒子，但鉴于其在文献中的主导地位，特别强调的是银纳米粒子（AgNPs），并在更广泛的背景下对TiO2， ZnO和AuNPs进行了额外的报道。这些NPs通过绿色化学方法合成，利用多酚、黄酮类化合物和多糖等海洋大藻代谢物，对伊蚊、按蚊和库蚊等主要蚊媒具有杀幼虫、杀成虫和杀卵作用。机制研究表明，海藻介导的NPs通过中肠上皮破坏、氧化应激诱导、酶抑制、生殖干扰和细胞凋亡等途径损害蚊子的生理机能。它们的纳米级尺寸和多靶点作用降低了耐药性发展的可能性，而对非靶标生物的低毒性和高效的生物降解性增强了生态相容性。对比评价表明，在实验室环境下，海藻衍生NPs的药效往往与传统杀虫剂相当或超过传统杀虫剂，在环境安全方面具有明显优势。尽管如此，限制仍然存在，包括缺乏标准化的合成方案，有限的实地试验，以及长期生态影响的数据不足。未来的研究应侧重于可扩展的合成、全面的毒理学评估以及与现有病媒管理框架的整合。通过将海洋生物技术与纳米科学结合起来，海藻衍生的NPs代表了一种有前途的、生态安全的蚊虫控制替代方案，对全球健康和环境可持续性具有影响。

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引用次数: 0

Histopathological changes, dynamics of macrophage polarization and deposition of type I and III collagen along the course of experimental hepatic toxocariasis 实验性肝弓形虫病过程中的组织病理学变化、巨噬细胞极化动态及I型和III型胶原沉积。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109082

Iman F. Abou-El-Naga , Eman Dorry Elkerdany , Rania G. Aly , Enas Mohammed Mostafa Zaytoun

Toxocariasis is a helminthic infection that predominantly affects the liver and induces significant pathological changes mediated by host immune response. Both M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes exert opposing yet complementary functions during infection. This study aimed to characterize the sequential immunopathological and fibrogenic events in hepatic toxocariasis over 16 weeks post-infection (wpi) in a murine model. Liver samples were collected from infected mice at different time points, and immunohistochemical (IHC) examination revealed the presence of both macrophage phenotypes up to 8 wpi (group If), indicating mixed immune response. In early stages of infection, macrophage polarization was skewed toward M1 phenotype, with a statistically significant increase in functional M1/M2 macrophage ratio at 2 days post-infection (dpi), followed by a significant decrease in this ratio up to 4 wpi (group Ie) (p < 0.001 compared to 2 dpi ). Thereafter, polarization shifted toward M2 phenotype accompanied by a further significant reduction in M1/M2 ratio, whereas at 16 wpi (group Ig), no distinct polarization was observed, although M2 count remained significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001). M1 predominance was associated with a higher grades and elevated liver enzyme levels, while M2 cells were associated with significantly lower inflammation grades but higher stages of fibrosis. Type III collagen fibers predominated in early stages of infection, while type I collagen fibers were dominant in the late stages (p < 0.001), suggesting a progression toward irreversible fibrotic lesions in chronic hepatic toxocariasis. These findings may support the development of stage-specific diagnostic markers and targeted therapeutic strategies throughout the course of hepatic toxocariasis.

弓形虫病是一种蠕虫感染，主要影响肝脏，引起宿主免疫反应介导的显著病理改变。在此过程中，M1和M2巨噬细胞发挥相反的功能。本研究旨在描述小鼠肝弓形虫病感染后16周（wpi）的顺序免疫病理和纤维化事件。在不同时间点从感染小鼠身上切除肝脏样本，检查显示两种巨噬细胞表型高达8 wpi （If组），表明混合类型的免疫反应。在感染早期，极化向M1表型倾斜，感染后2天（dpi） M1/M2巨噬细胞比例有统计学意义增加，随后表型和功能M1/M2巨噬细胞比例有统计学意义下降，高达4 wpi （Ie组），与2 dpi （Ib组）相比（p < 0.001）。到8 wpi时（If组），极化向M2转移，M1/M2巨噬细胞比例有统计学意义降低，而在16 wpi时（Ig组），虽然M2细胞仍显著高于对照组，但未观察到明显的极化（p < 0.001）。M1巨噬细胞与较高的炎症级别和肝酶升高有统计学相关性，而M2巨噬细胞与较低的炎症级别有统计学意义，但与较高的纤维化阶段有统计学意义。III型胶原蛋白在感染的早期阶段占主导地位，而I型胶原蛋白在晚期占主导地位（p < 0.001），这种胶原沉积模式可能是慢性肝弓形虫病中不可逆纤维化病变发展的基础。因此，这些数据可能支持在肝弓形虫病的整个过程中以阶段为导向的诊断标志物和靶向治疗策略的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Larvicidal and macrofilaricidal efficacy of closantel and morantel against mosquito larvae and Setaria digitata nematodes Closantel和Morantel对蚊虫幼虫和狗尾草线虫的杀幼虫和大丝虫效果。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109083

Megan Hall , Swetha Babu , Nallathambi Baranidharan , Priyabrata Bhattacharya , Manju Rahi , Appadurai Daniel Reegan

Vector-borne diseases are major public health problems in the growing world and insecticide resistance threatens the elimination programs. Repurposed drugs could be a solution to develop novel larvicides to combat growing insecticide resistance among mosquito vectors and novel macrofilaricides to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). In the present study, two veterinary drugs, closantel, and morantel were assessed for larvicidal activity against three mosquito larvae and macrofilaricidal activity against Setaria digitata, a lymphatic filariasis model organism. The larvicidal activity was assessed with a bioassay against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae with concentrations between 0.1 ppm and 10 ppm. The macrofilaricidal activity was assessed using worm motility and MTT assays against Setaria digitata nematodes with concentrations between 0.05 mg/mL to 0.001 mg/mL. Among the two drugs tested, closantel was found to be effective against An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae with LC₅₀ values of 0.183, 0.658, 0.773 ppm, and LC₉₀ values of 1.577, 2.560, 2.108, respectively. Both closantel and morantel demonstrated macrofilaricidal activity. However, morantel showed strong macrofilaricidal activity with 87.29 % and 87.49 % inhibition at 492 and 510 nm, respectively, in the MTT assay at the lowest concentration of 0.01 mg/mL. But closantel showed 85.26 % and 86.28 % inhibition at 492 and 510 nm, respectively, in the MTT assay at 0.05 mg/mL. These findings suggest that closantel and morantel could be promising candidates as repurposed drugs for larvicides and macrofilaricides and may provide valuable insights into effective target mechanisms against vector-borne diseases.

媒介传播的疾病是日益增长的世界中主要的公共卫生问题，杀虫剂耐药性威胁着消除计划。重新利用的药物可能是开发新型杀幼虫剂的一种解决方案，以对抗蚊子媒介中日益增长的杀虫剂耐药性，以及开发大丝虫病剂来消除淋巴丝虫病（LF）。本文研究了closantel和morantel两种兽药对3种蚊子幼虫的杀虫活性和对淋巴丝虫病模式生物狗尾草（Setaria digitata）的杀虫活性。采用生物测定法对浓度为0.1 ppm ~ 10 ppm的埃及伊蚊、斯氏按蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫进行杀幼虫活性测定。对浓度为0.05mg/mL ~ 0.001mg/mL的数字狗尾草（Setaria digitata）线虫，采用虫动法和MTT法测定其大丝虫杀灭活性。在测试的两种药物中，发现closantel对An有效。stephensi,残雪。致倦库蚊和伊蚊。LC50分别为0.183、0.658、0.773 ppm， LC90分别为1.577、2.560、2.108。closantel和morantel均表现出杀灭大丝虫的活性。在MTT试验中，在最低浓度为0.01 mg/mL时，在492 nm和510 nm处，morantel的抑菌活性分别为87.29%和87.49%。在0.05 mg/mL的MTT条件下，closantel在492 nm和510 nm的抑制作用分别为85.26%和86.28%。这些发现表明，closantel和morantel可能是有希望作为杀幼虫剂和大丝虫剂的重新用途药物的候选药物，并可能为针对媒介传播疾病的有效靶标机制提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein and vaccine strategies in murine models: A scoping review 小鼠模型中间日疟原虫环孢子子蛋白和疫苗策略：范围综述

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109081

Marrara P. Sampaio , Marcelo Cerilo-Filho , Maria Naely G. Almeida , Maria Alice T. Matos , Amanda A. Silva , Dulce J.V. Fernando , Raisa P. Bras , Andréa R.S. Baptista , Tatiana X. de Castro , Ricardo L.D. Machado

引用次数: 0

IgG avidity and placenta real-time PCR in detection of active maternal toxoplasmosis: relation to pregnancy outcomes IgG亲和度及胎盘实时PCR检测活动性母体弓形虫病：与妊娠结局的关系。

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109065

Amal Farahat Allam , Amel Youssef Shehab , Nashwa Abdelaleem Ahmed , Amel Gaber Elshereedy , Hoda Fahmy Farag , Sarah Mohamed Abdo , Heba Said Ibrahim

Toxoplasmosis diagnosis during pregnancy is important for the management of pregnant women suspected to have early T. gondii infection. This study aimed to detect T. gondii infection using ELISA and placenta real-time PCR among pregnant women. The study involved 149 women from El Shatby Hospital, Alexandria University; 50 experienced spontaneous abortion and 99 delivered normally, among whom four cases were spiramycin treated. Only 83 women agreed to submit blood samples that were ELISA tested for Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies (ELISA Biokit, Barcelona, Spain). ELISA IgG positives were re-examined for IgG avidity. Placental samples were collected from all participants (about 20 g from each), and DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNA kit, Hilden, Germany. The samples were examined by real-time PCR targeting the REP-529 gene. Out of the 83 women, 57 (68.7 %) were IgG positive and only one case was IgM positive. Fifty IgG cases had low IgG avidity and seven had high IgG avidity. Approximately one-third of the 149 placenta samples, 83 serologically examined cases, 57 IgG positives; 50 with low avidity, and 7 with high avidity, tested positive by real-time PCR, with detection rates of 29.5 %, 28.9 %, 31.5 %, 32 %, and 28.6 %, respectively. Moreover, it detected six positives among the IgG negatives, and two of the four spiramycin-treated cases tested positive. No significant difference between abortion and normal delivery rates was observed among T. gondii positive and negative women, either by ELISA IgG and/or real-time PCR. In conclusion, combining IgG avidity and placenta real-time PCR is promising for detecting T. gondii active infection and the probability of fetal infection.

妊娠期弓形虫病诊断对于怀疑早期弓形虫感染的孕妇的管理很重要。采用ELISA和胎盘实时荧光定量PCR检测孕妇弓形虫感染情况。这项研究涉及来自亚历山大大学El Shatby医院的149名妇女；自然流产50例，正常分娩99例，其中螺旋霉素治疗4例。只有83名妇女同意提交经ELISA检测弓形虫IgG和IgM抗体的血液样本（ELISA Biokit，巴塞罗那，西班牙）。再次检测ELISA IgG阳性。收集所有参与者的胎盘样本（每人约20 g），并使用Qiagen DNA试剂盒提取DNA， Hilden，德国。采用real-time PCR检测REP-529基因。83例女性中IgG阳性57例（68.7%），IgM阳性1例。IgG低贪婪50例，高贪婪7例。149份胎盘样本中约有三分之一，血清学检查病例83例，IgG阳性57例；实时荧光定量PCR检测阳性的低亲和度为50份，高亲和度为7份，检出率分别为29.5%、28.9%、31.5%、32%和28.6%。此外，它在IgG阴性中检测到6例阳性，并且在4例使用螺旋霉素治疗的病例中检测出2例阳性。弓形虫阳性和阴性妇女的流产率和正常分娩率在ELISA IgG和/或实时PCR检测中均无显著差异。综上所提，结合IgG亲和度和胎盘实时荧光定量PCR检测弓形虫活动性感染和胎儿感染的可能性是有希望的。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of IgM and IgG ELISAs using recombinant thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) for the differentiation of early and late Babesia gibsoni infections in canines 重组血小板反应相关黏附蛋白（BgTRAP） IgM和IgG elisa鉴别犬早期和晚期巴贝斯虫感染的比较

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PARASITOLOGY

Experimental parasitology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2025.109066

Nellikka Chalapron Sreenidhi , Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa , Anju Varghese , Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar , Aravindakshan Anaswara , Reghu Geethu , Ravindran Rajasekhar , Pulikottil Vinu David , Reghu Ravindran

Vector-borne illnesses pose a rising global threat to pet health, with Babesia gibsoni being the most common haemoprotozoan infection in canines of South India. Low parasitaemia either in early or late infection is a big hurdle in the diagnosis of canine babesiosis. The present study aimed to differentiate the early and late B. gibsoni infections in dogs using IgM/IgG ELISA based on recombinant thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP). The N-terminal BgTRAP gene was cloned into pET32a, expressed in BL21 Escherichia coli cells, and purified to get the recombinant protein. Using the recombinant antigen, IgM ELISA detected anti-B. gibsoni IgM antibodies in 73 out of 130 samples (56.15 per cent) while the IgG ELISA detected IgG antibodies in 77 out of 130 samples (59.23 per cent). Polymerase chain reaction of the 130 samples targeting the BgTRAP gene revealed 73.07 % positivity. When compared with the PCR, the sensitivity and a specificity of newly standardized indirect IgM ELISA were 36.54 % and 75.00 % while that of IgG ELISA were 42.31 % and 71.88 %. The accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the IgM ELISA in comparison to PCR were 51.19 %, 70.4 %, 42.1 % while that of IgG ELISA were 53.57 %, 71.0 %, 43.4 % respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) and Youden Index in ROC curve for IgM and IgG ELISAs revealed a moderate diagnostic accuracy. The rBgTRAP antigen showed no cross-reactivity with common helminth parasites viz, Ancylostoma caninum, Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Spirometra spp., Toxocara canis and haemoparasites like Trypanosoma evansi, B. vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis. The assay could clearly differentiate early (IgM) and late (IgG) infections, making it a valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating early and late infections with B. gibsoni.

媒介传播的疾病对宠物健康构成了日益严重的全球性威胁，而巴贝斯虫是南印度犬类中最常见的原虫感染。早期或晚期感染的低寄生血症是犬巴贝斯虫病诊断的一大障碍。本研究旨在利用基于重组血栓反应蛋白相关黏附蛋白（BgTRAP）的IgM/IgG酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）鉴别犬早期和晚期gibsoni感染。将n端BgTRAP基因克隆到pET32a中，在BL21大肠杆菌细胞中表达，纯化得到重组蛋白。采用重组抗原，IgM ELISA检测抗- b。130份样本中有73份（56.15%）检测到gibsoni IgM抗体，IgG ELISA检测到77份（59.23%）IgG抗体。130份BgTRAP基因的聚合酶链反应阳性率为73.07%。与PCR比较，新标准化IgM间接ELISA检测的灵敏度和特异性分别为36.54%和75.00%，IgG ELISA检测的灵敏度和特异性分别为42.31%和71.88%。IgM ELISA与PCR的准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为51.19%、70.4%、42.1%，IgG ELISA的准确率分别为53.57%、71.0%、43.4%。IgM和IgG elisa的曲线下面积（AUC）和ROC曲线上的约登指数显示出中等的诊断准确性。rBgTRAP抗原与常见寄生虫如犬钩虫、免疫dirofilia、repens、螺虫、犬弓形虫和伊文氏锥虫、沃氏巴贝虫、犬肝虫、犬埃利希体等无交叉反应性。该方法可明确区分早期（IgM）和晚期（IgG）感染，是区分早期和晚期感染的有价值的诊断工具。

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引用次数: 0