Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles and citrullination signatures are novel biomarkers in sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) during chronic stress due to seasonal temperature challenge","authors":"Ana María Ferreira ,&nbsp;Valeria Silva-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Igor Kraev ,&nbsp;Pinar Uysal-Onganer ,&nbsp;Sigrun Lange","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</em> is one of the most cultured sturgeon species worldwide and of considerable economic value for caviar production. There are though considerable challenges around chronic stress responses due to increased summer temperatures, impacting sturgeons’ immune responses and their susceptibility to opportunistic infections. The identification of molecular and cellular pathways involved in stress responses may contribute to identifying novel biomarkers reflective of fish health status, crucial for successful sturgeon aquaculture. Protein citrullination is a calcium-catalysed post-translational modification caused by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs), altering target protein function and affecting protein interactions in physiological and pathobiological processes. PADs can also modulate extracellular vesicle (EVs) profiles, which play critical roles in cellular communication, via transport of their cargoes (proteins, including post-translationally modified proteins, genetic material and micro-RNAs).</div><div>This study identified differences in EV signatures, and citrullinated proteins in sera from winter and summer farmed sturegeons. EVs were significantly elevated in sera of the summer chronically stressed group. The citrullinated proteins and associated gene ontology (GO) pathways in sera and serum-EVs of chronically heat stressed <em>A. gueldenstaedtii</em>, showed some changes, with specific citrullinated serum protein targets including alpa-2-macroglobulin, alpha globin, calcium-dependent secretion activator, ceruloplasmin, chemokine XC receptor, complement C3 isoforms, complement C9, plectin, selenoprotein and vitellogenin. In serum-EVs, citrullinated protein cargoes identified only in the chronically stressed summer group included alpha-1-antiproteinase, apolipoprotein B-100, microtubule actin crosslinking factor and histone H3. Biological gene ontology (GO) pathways related to citrullinated serum proteins in the chronically stressed group were associated with innate and adaptive immune responses, stress responses and metabolic processes. In serum-EVs of the heat-stressed group the citrullinome associated with various metabolic GO pathways.</div><div>In addition to modified citrullinated protein content, Serum-EVs from the stressed summer group showed significantly increased levels of the inflammatory associated miR-155 and the hypoxia-associated miR-210, but significantly reduced levels of the growth-associated miR-206.</div><div>Our findings highlight roles for protein citrullination and EV signatures in response to chronic heat stress in <em>A. gueldenstaedtii</em>, indicating a trade-off in immunity versus growth and may be of value for sturgeon aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary succinic acid supplementation on growth performance, digestive ability, intestinal development and immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae","authors":"Chenxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijie Shi ,&nbsp;Chuanwei Yao ,&nbsp;Jianmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuntao Wang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Liu ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of artificial micro-diet is an effective way to improve and standardize the quality of aquatic animal larvae. However, the widespread adoption of micro-diet faces a bottleneck due to the limited utilization capacity of the larvae. A 30-day feeding experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary succinic acid (SA) on the growth performance, digestive ability, intestinal development, and immunity of large yellow croaker larvae (initial body weight 11.33 ± 0.57 mg). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, incorporating 0.00 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 % and 0.03 % SA separately. The results showed that a diet with 0.02 % SA significantly increased both the final body weight and the specific growth rate of the larvae. Regarding digestive ability, 0.01 % SA supplementation significantly enhanced trypsin activity in both intestinal and pancreatic segments. In addition, 0.01 % SA supplementation notably improved amylase activity in the intestinal segment, while diets with 0.01%–0.02 % SA significantly improved lipase activity in the pancreatic segment. In terms of intestinal development, 0.01 % SA supplementation remarkably boosted the activities of alkaline-phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase on brush border membrane in intestine. Furthermore, 0.03 % SA supplementation significantly increased the expression of <em>occludin</em>. In terms of immunity, larvae fed diets with 0.01%–0.02 % SA exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity compared to the control group. Supplementation with 0.01 % SA also significantly increased both iNOS activity and NO content. In summary, the findings of this study suggested that supplementing 0.02 % SA can improve the growth performance of large yellow croaker larvae by improving digestive enzymes activities, promoting intestinal development, and enhancing nonspecific immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"155 ","pages":"Article 109972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum: Antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity and intestinal microbiota improvement effects on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum","authors":"Longzhen Liu ,&nbsp;Haonan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Xiangli Tian ,&nbsp;Yujia Zhou ,&nbsp;Fangyi Wang ,&nbsp;Zirong Liu ,&nbsp;Jiamin Li ,&nbsp;Minghui Jiao ,&nbsp;Suyan Xue ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li ,&nbsp;Weiwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuze Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have beneficial effects on aquatic animals, improving their immune system and intestinal microbiota. Nevertheless, the probiotic effects of LAB on the Manila clam <em>Ruditapes philippinarum</em> remain poorly understood. Herein, the effects of administering <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> at final doses of 1 × 10⁵ CFU/L (T5 group), 1 × 10⁷ CFU/L (T7 group), and 1 × 10⁹ CFU/L (T9 group) in the rearing water for eight weeks were evaluated for the antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity, resistance to <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> infection, and intestinal microbiota of <em>R</em>. <em>philippinarum</em>. The rearing water without the addition of <em>L. plantarum</em> served as a control. The results showed that the T7 and T9 groups demonstrated a significant elevation in the disease resistance of clams against <em>V</em>. <em>parahaemolyticus</em>, in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in the hepatopancreas, and in the expression of antioxidant- and immune-related genes, including <em>SOD</em>, <em>GPx</em>, and <em>GST</em>. Meanwhile, the T7 group showed a significant enhancement in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and <em>CAT</em> expression, while the T9 group experienced a remarkable elevation in reduced glutathione content. Only catalase activity was markedly elevated in the T5 group. The expression of <em>SOD</em>, <em>CAT</em>, <em>GPx</em>, and <em>GST</em> was significantly elevated in three treatment groups following the <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> challenge. The T7 group exhibited a significant increase in intestinal microbiota richness. Significant increases were noted in Firmicutes abundance across all three treatment groups and in Actinobacteriota in the T5 and T7 groups. Additionally, the opportunistic pathogen <em>Escherichia-Shigella</em> abundance significantly decreased in three treatment groups. Furthermore, administration of 1 × 10⁷ CFU/L <em>L. plantarum</em> enhanced the stability of the intestinal microecosystem, whereas a dose of 1 × 10⁹ CFU/L might have a negative effect. The application of three doses of <em>L. plantarum</em> significantly enhanced intestinal microbiota functions related to the immune response and oxidative stress regulation, while a higher dose (1 × 10⁹ CFU/L) might inhibit several functions. In conclusion, the application of <em>L. plantarum</em> in the rearing water exerted beneficial effects on the antioxidant capacity, non-specific immunity, resistance to <em>V</em>. <em>parahaemolyticus</em>, and the intestinal microbiota stability and functions of <em>R</em>. <em>philippinarum</em>. The beneficial effects of <em>L. plantarum</em> on <em>R</em>. <em>philippinarum</em> were dose-dependent, and the final dose of 1 × 10⁷ CFU/L exhibited the optimal effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit as an adjuvant of mucosal immune combined with GCRV-II VP6 triggers innate immunity and enhances adaptive immune responses following oral vaccination of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Jiyuan Yin ,&nbsp;Huiliang Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Li ,&nbsp;Xubing Mo ,&nbsp;Siming Li ,&nbsp;Yan Ren ,&nbsp;Houjun Pan ,&nbsp;Peng Jiang ,&nbsp;Qing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most major pathogen that has threatened the grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>) industry of China for years. Though the oral vaccine has many advantages, the current vaccines still do not provide complete protection. Therefor the exploration of new preventive strategies is urgently needed. In this study, heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (LTB) was combined with VP6 from GCRV type II (GCRV-II) via <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> expression system to form a potent oral vaccine and determines if fusion of LTB to the protective vaccine antigen can enhance protection in the fish. The expression of recombinant protein was confirmed by Western-blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The rare minnow was set as the model for the evaluation of the experiment administrated orally. The immune response including the antibody titer and the immune-related gene expression, and the protective efficacy which included the virus loaded and the relative protection, were thoroughly investigated after the trial. The results indicated that LTB can significantly elicit a higher neutralizing antibody responses and enhanced T-cell priming, activities and proliferation in mononuclear cells from intestine, spleen and kidney tissues when compared to the VP6 vaccine alone. Moreover, the combined adjuvant can significantly up-regulate type I interferon signaling in different immune organs, especially the mucosa associated lymphoidtissue which could not be induced by VP6 along, result in the contribution of the improvement in adaptive immune responses of the fish. In addition, challenge study showed that LTB combined VP6 could greatly improve the relative percent survival of the fish during the virus infection. These results highlight that LTB has the potential value to be a mucosal adjuvant of the fish, approaching for improving the efficacy of vaccination against GCRV-II, which does elicit both non-specific and specific immune responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"bcIRF5 activates bcTBK1 phosphorylation to enhance PANoptosis during GCRV infection","authors":"Can Yang ,&nbsp;Jinwei Gao ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Xiong ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Yanfang Wu ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Zhonggui Xie ,&nbsp;Rui Song ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Ou ,&nbsp;Hao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TBK1 is an important IFN antiviral signalling factor, and in previous work black carp TBK1 (bcTBK1) and black carp IRF5 (bcIRF5) together promoted cell death in GCRV-infected cells. In this research, bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 were investigated both in vivo and in vitro to delineate their individual and combined functions. This study demonstrated that both bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 expressions were modulated in response to GCRV infection across the intestine, gill, kidney and spleen. In bcgill cells, overexpression of bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 initially suppressed the expression of cell death-related genes, including <em>RIPK1</em>, <em>caspase1</em>, <em>caspase3</em> and <em>bax</em>, but this suppression was negated upon GCRV infection. In vivo, mRNA expression levels of <em>RIPK1</em> and related genes varied by tissue following bcTBK1 or bcIRF5 overexpression and GCRV infection. Notably, intracellular co-overexpression of bcTBK1 and bcIRF5 led to significant upregulation of caspase3, caspase1, bax, and IL1β, along with enhanced caspase3 activity post-GCRV infection. This co-expression correlated with higher survival rates in black carp during GCRV infection and increased caspase3 mRNA in the spleen and gills. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining indicated disorganized spleen tissue and edematous, hyperplastic gill changes in co-transfected groups after infection. TUNEL staining of tissue sections showed that DNA breakage was significantly stronger in the co-transfected group than in the other groups during GCRV infection. Further phosphorylation experiments showed that bcIRF5 promoted phosphorylation modification of bcTBK1. Thus, these data suggest that bcIRF5 activates bcTBK1 by enhancing its phosphorylation and promotes PANoptosis in GCRV-infected cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, functional analysis of chitin-binding proteins and the association of its single nucleotide polymorphisms with Vibrio parahaemolyticus resistance in Penaeus vannamei","authors":"Shuang-Shuang Luo ,&nbsp;Xiu-Li Chen ,&nbsp;Ai-Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Qing-Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Min Peng ,&nbsp;Chun-Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Di-Gang Zeng ,&nbsp;Yong-Zhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Huan-Ling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitin-binding proteins (CBPs) play pivotal roles in numerous biological processes in arthropods, including growth, molting, reproduction, and immune defense. However, their function in the antibacterial immune defense of crustaceans remains relatively underexplored. In this study, twenty CBPs were identified and characterized in <em>Penaeus vannamei</em>. Expression profiling highlighted that the majority of CBPs were highly expressed in the intestine and hepatopancreas and responded to challenge by <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus.</em> To explore the role of these CBPs in innate immunity, six CBPs (<em>PvPrg4</em>, <em>PvKrtap16</em>, <em>PvPT-1a</em>, <em>PvPT-1b</em>, <em>PvExtensin</em> and <em>PvCP-AM1159</em>) were selected for RNAi experiments. Silencing of only <em>PvPrg4</em> and <em>PvKrtap16</em> significantly decreased the cumulative mortality of <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>-infected shrimp. Further studies demonstrated that inhibition of <em>PvPrg4</em> and <em>PvKrtap16</em> resulted in a marked upregulation of genes associated with the NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, as well as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), in both the intestine and hepatopancreas. These results collectively suggested that <em>PvPrg4</em> and <em>PvKrtap16</em> potentially promote <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> invasion by negatively regulating the JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways, thereby inhibiting the expression of AMPs. In addition, SNP analysis identified three SNPs in the exons of <em>PvPrg4</em> that were significantly associated with tolerance to <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. Taken together, these findings are expected to assist in the molecular marker-assisted breeding of <em>P. vannamei</em> associated with anti-<em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> traits, as well as expand our understanding of CBP functions within the immune regulatory system of crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109966"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of T-cell immunity between Streptococcus agalactiae susceptible and resistant tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Jiansong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ming Geng ,&nbsp;Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Liting Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Cao ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Jialong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiumei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) is one of the important economic fish species cultured worldwide. However, <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> has emerged as a significant bacterial threat, severely impacting the economy of tilapia industry. The immune response underlying the resistance of tilapia to <em>S. agalactiae</em> are not well understood, hindering the reasonable evaluation of breeding and the formulation of effective strategies. In this study, we investigated the differences in T-cell immunity between <em>S. agalactiae</em>-resistant and -susceptible tilapia. Compared with susceptible tilapia, resistant tilapia exhibited a higher percentage of T cells and BrdU⁺ T cells during infection, indicating a superior proliferative capacity. Whether infected or not, T cells from resistant fish demonstrated a greater ability to resist apoptosis. Additionally, T cell effector genes, including <em>interleukin (IL)-2</em>, <em>interferon (IFN)-γ</em>, <em>perforin A</em>, and <em>granzyme B</em> were expressed at higher levels in resistant tilapia after infection. Along with these T-cell immune responses, resistant fish showed more effective clearance of infection. Our study elucidates the T-cell immune responses in resistant tilapia, which may contribute to the high resistance of tilapia to <em>S. agalactiae</em>, and provide valuable theoretical references for the selection and evaluation of disease-resistant fish strains in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBS/CSE mediated H2S production induced AMPs expression through Toll pathway in crabs with black gill syndrome","authors":"Ziyue Zhu ,&nbsp;Xingkong Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Liu ,&nbsp;Liangmin Zheng ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Dai ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingyan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Jiachun Ge ,&nbsp;Qian Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of black gill syndrome (BGS) is a serious threat to the healthy culture of <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>. Studying the innate immune ability of <em>E. sinensis</em> with BGS can help develop new strategies for disease prevention and treatment. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have crucial roles in crustacean humoral immunity. In this study, we found that the expression levels of two antilipopolysaccharide factor (<em>EsALF7</em> and <em>EsALF-L</em>), one Toll receptor 3 (<em>EsToll3</em>), and one Pelle kinase (<em>EsPelle</em>) were upregulated in <em>E. sinensis</em> with BGS. Moreover, <em>ALF</em>s expressions in <em>E. sinensis</em> with BGS were positively regulated by <em>EsToll3</em> and <em>EsPelle</em>. The content of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the gills of <em>E. sinensis</em> with BGS was increased. Further studies showed that the expressions of cystathionine β-synthase (<em>EsCBS</em>) and cystathionine γ-lyase (<em>EsCSE</em>) in the gills of <em>E. sinensis</em> with BGS were upregulated, which positively regulate the production of H₂S. Whether there was a correlation between the upregulation of <em>ALFs</em> expression and changes in H₂S content? Further studies showed that 1) the expressions of <em>EsToll3</em>, <em>EsPelle</em>, <em>EsALF7</em>, and <em>EsALF-L</em> in the gills of <em>E. sinensis</em> were upregulated under H₂S exposure and 2) the knockdown of <em>EsCBS</em> and <em>EsCSE</em> in <em>E. sinensis</em> reduced the transcriptions of <em>EsToll3</em>, <em>EsPelle</em>, <em>EsALF7</em>, and <em>EsALF-L</em>. To sum up, these findings suggest that upregulation of H₂S content induced by CBS/CSE promotes the expression of <em>ALF</em>s through the Toll pathway in <em>E. sinensis</em> suffering from BGS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two novel antimicrobial peptides P33-57 and mP168-187 from zebrafish showing potent antibacterial activities","authors":"Dongqiu Guo ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Jing He ,&nbsp;Liqiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Longxiao Liu ,&nbsp;Xia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is known that overuse or abuse of antibiotics has undoubtedly accelerated the global antibiotic resistance crisis, and long-time use of antibiotics may have adverse effects on the health of animal, human, and ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to find antibiotic alternatives that can be used in aquaculture and are non-toxic to the human. Here we <del>clearly</del> demonstrated that both the PH and FYVE domain of Plekhf2 in zebrafish have antibacterial properties and can interact with PGN in this study. Therefore, we screened four candidate peptides from the two domains. It was demonstrated that P_152-172 and P_168-187 had no obvious antibacterial activities, while P_33-57 and mP_168-187 had strong antibacterial activities, which may be used as antimicrobial peptides. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy experiment revealed that P_33-57 and mP_168-187 can destroy the cell wall of bacteria, thereby directly killing bacteria. Importantly, it was found that P_33-57 and mP_168-187 had no hemolysis to red blood cells and lacked cytotoxicity. In summary, P_33-57 and mP_168-187 <del>could be seen as antibacterial activity centers of PLEKHF2 and</del> may be promising antimicrobial peptides to combat bacterial infections facing an antibiotic-resistance crisis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the role of HIF-1α in immunoregulation in Litopenaeus vannamei under hypoxic stress","authors":"Jia L. Men ,&nbsp;Yi J. Xue ,&nbsp;Ying Fu ,&nbsp;Xue Bai ,&nbsp;Xiao B. Wang ,&nbsp;Hai L. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to aquatic organisms, especially <em>Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei)</em>, which play a vital role in the global aquaculture industry. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a pivotal regulator of the organism's adaptation to hypoxic conditions. To understand of how HIF-1α affects the immunity of <em>L. vannamei</em> under hypoxic conditions, we conducted a thorough study involving various approaches. These included observing tissue morphology, analyzing the expression of immune-related genes, assessing the activities of immune-related enzymes, and exploring immune-related pathways. Our study revealed that RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α markedly reduced HIF-1α expression in the gill (75–95 %), whereas the reduction ranged from 2 to 43 % in the hepatopancreas. Knockdown of HIF-1α resulted in increased damage to both gill and hepatopancreatic tissues in hypoxic conditions. Additionally, immune-related genes, including Astakine (AST), Hemocyanin (HC), and Ferritin (FT), as well as immune-related enzymes such as Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Alkaline Phosphatase (AKP), and Phenoloxidase (PO), exhibited intricate regulatory patterns in response to hypoxia stress following the knockdown of HIF-1α. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HIF-1α knockdown significantly impacts multiple signaling pathways, including the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation pathways, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, ribosomal pathways, apoptosis, lysosomes and arachidonic acid metabolism. These alterations disrupt the organism's immune balance and interfere with normal metabolic processes, potentially leading to various immune-related diseases. We speculate that the weakened immune response resulting from HIF-1 inhibition is due to the reduced metabolic capacity, and the existence of a direct regulatory relationship between them requires further exploration. This study greatly advances our understanding of the vital role that HIF-1α plays in regulating immune responses in shrimp under hypoxic conditions, thereby deepening our comprehension of this critical biological mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109962"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142461341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}