Fish & shellfish immunology最新文献

{"title":"The supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide in diet promotes the skin wound healing of juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus","authors":"Jintao Pan ,&nbsp;Zhichu Chen ,&nbsp;Guijuan Yu ,&nbsp;Yaoyao Kong ,&nbsp;Qinghui Ai ,&nbsp;Kangsen Mai ,&nbsp;Yanjiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 30-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of the supplementation of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) in the diet on the skin wound healing process of juvenile turbot (<em>Scophthalmus maximus</em>). Two groups of diets were formulated, the control diet (CON) and the control diet supplemented with 0.16 % MOS (MOS), which were fed to the turbot separately. Each group had 3 replicates, with 20 fish per replicate. At the end of the feeding trial, all the fish were weighed and counted. Then four fish per tank were randomly selected for sampling, and the skin of the rest fish was wounded by a biopsy punch. The wounded fish continued to be fed as usual with the same diets respectively, and then sampled again at the 1, 3, and 7 day(s) post wounding (dpw). The results by image analysis showed that the wound closure rate of wounded fish was significantly improved by the supplementation of dietary MOS. As for the results of gene expression, dietary MOS promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (<em>il-1β</em> &amp; <em>tnf-α</em>) and decreased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors (<em>tgf-β1</em> &amp; <em>il-10</em>). It also enhanced the expression of genes related to re-epithelialization (<em>mmp-9</em>, <em>fgf2</em>, <em>tgf-β1</em>, <em>rock1</em>), as well as new tissue formation and remodeling (<em>fn1</em>, <em>lamb2</em>, <em>col1-α</em>, <em>vegf</em>). Furthermore, dietary MOS promoted re-epithelialization, cell proliferation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis according to the histomorphological observation. In addition, the supplementation of MOS modified the communities of skin microbiota, decreasing the abundance of <em>Rolstonia</em>, <em>Pseudomonas,</em> and <em>Aeromonas</em>, while increasing the abundance of <em>Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea</em> and <em>Shewanella colwellianav</em>. In conclusion, the supplementation of dietary MOS (0.16 %) can promote the re-epithelialization and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, stimulate ECM biosynthesis and angiogenesis, modify the communities of skin microbiota, and ultimately promote the skin wound healing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magical role of iron nanoparticles for enhancement of thermal efficiency and gene regulation of fish in response to multiple stresses","authors":"Neeraj Kumar,&nbsp;Paritosh Kumar,&nbsp;Kotha Sammi Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study addresses the challenges of uncontrolled temperature and pollution in aquatic environments, with a focus on fish ability to tolerate high temperature. The investigation aimed to determine the role of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) in enhancing the thermal tolerance of <em>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</em> exposed to high-temperature stress, arsenic (As), and ammonia (NH₃) toxicity. Fe-NPs were synthesized using green approaches, specifically from fish gill. The dietary Fe-NPs were formulated and supplemented at 10, 15, and 20 mg kg⁻¹ of feed. Notably, Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg⁻¹ diet significantly reduced the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) (14.44 ± 0.21 °C) and the lethal thermal minimum (LTmin) (13.46 ± 0.15 °C), compared to the control and other treatment groups. Conversely, when Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg⁻¹ were supplemented with or without exposure to stressors (As + NH₃+T), the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) increased to 47.59 ± 0.16 °C, and the lethal thermal maximum (LTmax) increased to 48.60 ± 0.37 °C, both significantly higher than the control and other groups. A strong correlation was observed between LTmin and CTmin (R² = 0.90) and between CTmax and LTmax (R² = 0.98). Furthermore, dietary Fe-NPs at 15 mg kg⁻¹ significantly upregulated the expression of stress-related genes, including <em>HSP70</em>, <em>iNOS</em>, <em>Caspase-3a</em>, <em>CYP450</em>, <em>MT</em>, <em>cat</em>, <em>sod</em>, <em>gpx</em>, <em>TNFα</em>, <em>IL</em>, <em>TLR</em>, and <em>Ig</em>. The enhanced thermal tolerance (LTmin and LTmax) can be attributed to these gene regulations, suggesting the mechanistic involvement of Fe-NPs in improving thermal resilience. Overall, the findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with Fe-NPs, particularly at 15 mg kg⁻¹, improves thermal tolerance and stress response in <em>P. hypophthalmus</em> by enhancing gene expression and overall thermal efficiency under stressor conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of crowding stress on growth and intestinal integrity in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): Insights into ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis","authors":"Dadong Yan ,&nbsp;Lei Gan ,&nbsp;Xianghong Dong ,&nbsp;Huaimao Tie ,&nbsp;Chao Luo ,&nbsp;Zhenlu Wang ,&nbsp;Haibo Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Miao An ,&nbsp;Chuanjie Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crowding stress is a common abiotic stressor in intensive aquaculture that negatively impacts fish species, leading to growth depression. This study primarily explored the effects of crowding stress on the growth and intestinal integrity of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted with two groups: a control group (0.55 kg/m³) and a crowding stress group (1.10 kg/m³). The results showed that crowding stress significantly impaired fish growth and compromised intestinal integrity. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of crowding stress on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy and apoptosis. Our findings revealed an increased proportion of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and ER swelling in the intestines of stressed fish, along with a higher number of autophagosomes. Furthermore, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of genes related to ER stress, autophagy and apoptosis, including <em>GRP78</em>, <em>eIF2α</em>, <em>IRE1</em>, <em>atg3, LC3-2, ulk1α, P62,</em> and <em>caspase-8</em>. In conclusion, crowding stress negatively affects fish growth and intestinal integrity, potentially through the induction of apoptosis and autophagy associated with ER stress-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). These findings provided critical insights into how intensive aquaculture disrupts intestinal integrity and inhibits growth in fish, offering a valuable reference for future research aimed at enhancing stress resistance in fish under intensive aquaculture conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109955"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Akt inhibitors prevent CyHV-2 infection in vitro","authors":"Yu Song ,&nbsp;Ye Zhang ,&nbsp;Simin Xiao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Liqun Lu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects goldfish (<em>Carassius auratus</em>) and crucian carp (<em>C. carassius</em>), resulting in substantial mortality rates and significant epidemiological implications. To gain deeper insights into CyHV-2-host interactions and identify potential therapeutic targets, quantitative proteomics analysis was conducted on CyHV-2-infected Ryukin goldfish fin (RyuF-2) cells. Our findings revealed significant alterations in the expression of proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which were up-regulated upon viral infection. Building on these observations, we employed LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, to investigate its impact on viral replication by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway in GiCF cell line derived from the caudal fin of <em>Carassius auratus gibelio</em> (Bloch). Our results demonstrated the inhibition of both CyHV-2 replication and Akt phosphorylation within this pathway. Quercetin, a plant-derived analogue of LY294002, was further investigated for its anti-CyHV-2 effects in vitro as well as its underlying mechanism. The results suggested that quercetin exhibits antiviral properties against CyHV-2 and may exert its effects through mechanisms similar to those observed with LY294002. Given that aquaculture water serves as a vector for aquaculture viral diseases and the release of chemical compounds can lead to pollution of the aquatic environment, our study shifted focus to crude extracts obtained from plants. We confirmed crude quercetin extract derived from <em>Cuminum anisum</em> has antiviral activity against CyHV-2 in vitro. Therefore, based on our identification of the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in CyHV-2 replication, along with verification of its antiviral mechanism using LY294002, we propose natural dietary quercetin as a promising candidate for development into a novel anti-CyHV-2 drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine vision-assisted genomic prediction and genome-wide association of spleen-related traits in large yellow croaker infected with visceral white-nodules disease","authors":"Yulin Bai ,&nbsp;Miaosheng Feng ,&nbsp;Ji Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaying Wang ,&nbsp;Qiaozhen Ke ,&nbsp;Zhou Jiang ,&nbsp;Pengxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Sijing Chen ,&nbsp;Longyu Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Tingsen Jiang ,&nbsp;Yichen Li ,&nbsp;Guopeng Tian ,&nbsp;Tao Zhou ,&nbsp;Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-resolution and high-throughput genotype-to-phenotype studies in fish are rapidly advancing, driven by innovative technologies that aim to address the challenges of modern breeding models. In recent years, machine vision and deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have achieved significant success in image recognition and segmentation. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative analysis of disease resistance has always been a crucial field of research in genetics. This motivation has led us to investigate the potential of large yellow croaker visceral white-nodules disease (VWND) in encoding information on disease resistance for the task of accession classification. In this study, we proposed an image segmentation framework for the feature extraction of the spleen after VWND infection based on machine vision. We utilized deep CNNs and threshold segmentation for automatic feature learning and object segmentation. This approach eliminates subjectivity and enhances work efficiency compared to using hand-crafted features. Additionally, we employed spleen-related traits to conduct genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), which led to the identification of 24 significant SNPs and 10 major quantitative trait loci. The results of function enrichment analysis on candidate genes also indicated potential relationships with immune regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, we explored the use of genomic selection (GS) technology for phenotype prediction of extreme individuals, which further supports the predictability of spleen-related phenotypes for VWND resistance in large yellow croakers. Our findings demonstrate that artificial intelligence (AI)-based phenotyping approaches can deliver state-of-the-art performance for genetics research. We hope this work will provide a paradigm for applying deep learning and machine vision to phenotyping in aquaculture species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant anthocyanin synergistic immune enhancer nanopeptide C-I20 remarkably enhances the protective effect of largemouth bass against largemouth bass ranavirus","authors":"Xingchen Huo ,&nbsp;Fengxia Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunrong Yang ,&nbsp;Jianguo Su","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) infection results in huge economic losses in largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) industry. Nanopeptide C-I20 and anthocyanins have a positive effect on promoting immune responses and antioxidant mechanisms in several aquatic organisms, and are therefore used to inhibit LMBV infection. In this study, we developed an LMBV immersion challenge model using three different viral concentrations (1 × 10⁴ copies/mL, 1 × 10⁵ copies/mL, and 1 × 10⁶ copies/mL) to infect largemouth bass, and LMBV-MCP mRNA expression was detected in infected fish. Following infection, the fish exhibited severe external ulceration, redness swelling, and darkening of the skin. Histopathological examination revealed significant necrosis and inflammation in muscle tissue, epithelial cell shedding in renal tubules, macrophage aggregation centers and cellular vacuolization in spleen and head kidney, and cellular hypertrophy in liver. To mitigate LMBV infection, we explored the protective effects of a combined treatment strategy involving C-I20 and anthocyanin. Overall, the combination of anthocyanin and C-I20 demonstrated the highest protective efficacy, significantly reducing viral loads in muscle, liver, spleen, and head kidney. Moreover, this treatment regimen enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (T-AOC, TSOD, GSH-Px, CAT) and modulated important immune genes (IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-10, Mx, and IgM) expression. In conclusion, the synergistic application of anthocyanin and C-I20 demonstrates significant efficacy in mitigating LMBV infection. This research introduces a novel and promising approach to managing infectious diseases in aquaculture settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the proteomic landscape and anti-inflammatory role of Streptococcus parauberis extracellular vesicles","authors":"E.H.T. Thulshan Jayathilaka ,&nbsp;Mawallage Kankanamge Hasitha Madhawa Dias ,&nbsp;M.S.B.W.T.M. Nipuna Sudaraka Tennakoon ,&nbsp;Oh Chulhong ,&nbsp;Chamilani Nikapitiya ,&nbsp;Hyun-Jin Shin ,&nbsp;Mahanama De Zoysa","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoscale membrane-bound structures involved in intercellular communication and transport of bioactive molecules. In this study, we described the proteomic insight and anti-inflammatory activity of <em>Streptococcus parauberis</em> BEVs (<em>Sp</em>EVs). Proteomics analysis of <em>Sp</em>EVs identified 6209 distinct peptides and 1039 proteins. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis demonstrated enrichment in pathways related to the biosynthesis of aminoacyl tRNA, amino acids, and secondary metabolites. Based on the predicted protein-protein interactions, we discovered key immunological proteins such as IL12A, IL12B, IL8, CD28, and NF-κB between <em>Sp</em>EVs and human proteins. Functionally, <em>Sp</em>EVs exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells by reducing the production of key inflammatory mediators. These include nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL6, as well as inflammation-related proteins like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). qRT-PCR and immunoblotting results clearly indicate that <em>Sp</em>EVs modulate the NF-κB and MAPK pathways to induce anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> experiments with zebrafish larvae demonstrated that <em>Sp</em>EVs treatment reduced the NO and ROS production with minimal cell mortality. Finally, we validated the anti-inflammatory activity of <em>Sp</em>EVs <em>in vivo</em> by systematically assessing the inhibition of NO production, reduction in ROS generation, prevention of cell death, and modulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, <em>Sp</em>EVs contain rich in unique proteins that play crucial roles in mediating anti-inflammatory effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of temperature and β-1,3-glucans on the occurrence of white spot syndrome virus and white spot disease in post-larvae of Penaeus vannamei shrimp","authors":"Alejandra Valladares ,&nbsp;Cristóbal Domínguez-Borbor ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Echeverria ,&nbsp;Fanny Panchana ,&nbsp;Irma Betancourt ,&nbsp;Stanislaus Sonnenholzner ,&nbsp;Bonny Bayot ,&nbsp;Jenny Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penaeus vannamei</em> is the main species of shrimp farmed worldwide, and for Ecuador it is the first non-oil economic sector. However, various pathogens, including white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), threaten the sustainability of shrimp farming. <em>P. vannamei</em> larvae are susceptible to WSSV infection via vertical or horizontal transmission. To decrease the incidence of WSSV in PLs, a bioassay was performed by exposing <em>P. vannamei</em> shrimp (PL25), which were negative for WSSV and white spot disease (WSD), to two protective factors, water temperature (T = 24 °C and T = 31 °C), and immunestimulation using β-1,3-glucans (BG) (with and without BG added to the food), using a crossed two-factor design, for 20 days. The incidence of WSSV and WSD was modeled using generalized linear model (GLM). The strength of the association between the response and explanatory variables was estimated using the odds ratio [Exp (Beta)] and interpreted as the level of risk for the incidence of WSSV or WSD in one of the categories compared to the baseline category in the GLM. Odds ratios were considered significant if their 95 % confidence interval did not include the value 1. The results showed that BG had a significant negative effect on the number of WSSV-positive animals. In addition, a lower probability of WSSV infection was determined by combining 31 °C and BG. In this treatment, the WSD injuries were almost undetectable. Most larvae shrimps affected by WSD exhibited injuries to the antennal gland and connective tissue. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that 29 % of shrimp, initially negative by histology, were positive for WSSV. The virus was detected mainly in the nervous tissue of the head, epithelium, connective tissue of the head appendages, and the oral region surrounding the integumental glands. Apoptosis analysis showed a weak signal in nerve tissue but was more intense in epithelial cells of the head appendages, in association with cuticular damage. According to the findings, WSSV could disseminate among shrimp populations by infecting them through the TG and epithelium of the head appendage, followed by connective tissue and nervous tissue. However, applying BG at 31 °C may serve as a protective measure to reduce WSD injuries and restrict WSSV dissemination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Chenchen Shi ,&nbsp;Ta-Hui Lin ,&nbsp;Chen Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eriocheir sinensis</em> (Chinese mitten crab) is one of the main economic species in China, which has evolved an extremely sophisticated innate immune system to fend off disease invasions. However, bacterial and viral infections have caused significant financial losses for the <em>E. sinensis</em> aquaculture in recent years. Making well-informed judgments for the control microbial infections would require a thorough understanding and clarification of the intricate innate immune system of <em>E. sinensis</em>. Innate immunity is essential for the host's defense against invasive pathogens. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initially recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and trigger an innate immune response, causing the generation of inflammatory cytokine and promoting the clearance and control of pathogens. In <em>E. sinensis</em>, Toll/Toll-like receptors, lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding proteins, C-type lectins, galactoside-binding lectins, L-type lectins, scavenger receptors, and down syndrome cell adhesion molecules have been identified to be PRRs that are involved in the recognition of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding PRRs' roles in the immunological defenses of <em>E. sinensis</em>, with the aim of providing clues to the mechanisms of innate immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgal astaxanthin ameliorates cypermethrin-induced necroptosis and inflammation via targeting mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and the ROS-NF-κB-RIPK3/MLKL axis in carp hepatocytes (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Shuoyue Li ,&nbsp;Yinuo Liu ,&nbsp;Di Li ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zequn Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingzeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cypermethrin is a toxic pesticide that has infiltrated water bodies due to its widespread use. This contamination has led to detrimental effects on the immune organs of aquatic species, including fish. The natural fat-soluble orange-red carotenoid, astaxanthin (MAT), derived from microalgae, possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. To elucidate the mechanism of CY induced damage to carp liver cells and assess the potential protective effects of MAT, we established a carp hepatocyte model exposed to CY and/or MAT. Hepatocytes from carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) were treated with either 8 μM CY or 60 μM MAT for 24 h. Upon exposure CY, a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed alongside a diminution in the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), suggesting an impairment of cellular antioxidant capacity. Subsequently, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed that hepatocytes exposed to CY exhibited a higher incidence of necroptosis, associated with an elevated mitochondrial Ca²⁺ concentration, which contributed to cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, exposure to CY also activated the ROS-NF-κB-RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway, increasing the levels of necroptosis-related regulatory factors (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL) in hepatocytes and the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α), which led to immune dysfunction in hepatocytes. The immunotoxic effects induced by CY were mitigated by MAT treatment, suggesting its potential in alleviating the aforementioned changes caused by CY. Overall, the data suggested that MAT therapy could enhance hepatocyte defenses against CY-induced necroptosis and inflammatory responses by regulating mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis and inhibiting the ROS-NF-κB-RIPK3/MLKL signaling cascade. This study elucidated the potential benefits of employing MAT to protect farmed fish from agrobiological hazards during CY exposure, underscoring the practical applications of MAT in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12127,"journal":{"name":"Fish & shellfish immunology","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 109944"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}