J. Park, L. Sosa-Vargas, Y. Takanishi, K. H. Kim, Y. S. Kim, Y. Park, J. Yamamoto, M. Labardi, J. Lagerwall, Y. Shimizu, G. Scalia
The efficiency of the conduction of photocurrent in discotic liquid crystals is known to depend on the quality of the columnar organization. Solvents have shown to be able to influence the formation of wire structures on substrates promoting very long and ordered wired formations or bulkier structures depending on the affinity of the solvent with parts of the molecular structure of discotics. Here we present a study on the effect of solvents when the liquid crystal is confined between two substrates with the columns running perpendicular to them, geometry used in solar cells. We focused on toluene and dodecane, solvents that have shown to promote on substrates the formation of aligned and long nanowires and bulk large and isolated fibers, respectively. The phase transition behavior indicates that toluene does not interfere with the columnar formation while dodecane strongly influence increasing the disorder in the structure.
{"title":"Solvent effect on columnar formation in solar-cell geometry","authors":"J. Park, L. Sosa-Vargas, Y. Takanishi, K. H. Kim, Y. S. Kim, Y. Park, J. Yamamoto, M. Labardi, J. Lagerwall, Y. Shimizu, G. Scalia","doi":"10.1117/12.2216354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216354","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of the conduction of photocurrent in discotic liquid crystals is known to depend on the quality of the columnar organization. Solvents have shown to be able to influence the formation of wire structures on substrates promoting very long and ordered wired formations or bulkier structures depending on the affinity of the solvent with parts of the molecular structure of discotics. Here we present a study on the effect of solvents when the liquid crystal is confined between two substrates with the columns running perpendicular to them, geometry used in solar cells. We focused on toluene and dodecane, solvents that have shown to promote on substrates the formation of aligned and long nanowires and bulk large and isolated fibers, respectively. The phase transition behavior indicates that toluene does not interfere with the columnar formation while dodecane strongly influence increasing the disorder in the structure.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"9769 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130859140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Trivellin, D. Barbisan, M. Ferretti, M. Erculiani, R. Claudi, E. Giro, M. Bonato, L. Cocola, L. Poletto, B. Salasnich, M. Meneghini, G. Meneghesso, E. Zanoni
With this work we report on the design of an LED based star simulator. The simulator is the result of a cooperation between the Italian National Astrophysics Institute and LightCube SRL, a University of Padova (Italy) R&D spin-off. The simulator is designed to achieve a luminous output customizable both in spectrum and in intensity. The core of the system is a 25 channels independent LED illuminator specifically designed to replicate the spectral emission of the desired star. The simulated star light intensity can also be carefully tuned to achieve the correct illuminance at a specific distance from the star.
{"title":"Adaptive multi-wavelength LED star simulator for space life studies","authors":"N. Trivellin, D. Barbisan, M. Ferretti, M. Erculiani, R. Claudi, E. Giro, M. Bonato, L. Cocola, L. Poletto, B. Salasnich, M. Meneghini, G. Meneghesso, E. Zanoni","doi":"10.1117/12.2212608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212608","url":null,"abstract":"With this work we report on the design of an LED based star simulator. The simulator is the result of a cooperation between the Italian National Astrophysics Institute and LightCube SRL, a University of Padova (Italy) R&D spin-off. The simulator is designed to achieve a luminous output customizable both in spectrum and in intensity. The core of the system is a 25 channels independent LED illuminator specifically designed to replicate the spectral emission of the desired star. The simulated star light intensity can also be carefully tuned to achieve the correct illuminance at a specific distance from the star.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123987156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Symonds, B. Farfan, M. Ghasemkhani, A. Albrecht, M. Sheik-Bahae, R. Epstein
We present our recent work in developing a robust and versatile optical refrigerator. This work focuses on minimizing parasitic energy losses through efficient design and material optimization. The cooler’s thermal linkage system and housing are studied using thermal analysis software to minimize thermal gradients through the device. Due to the extreme temperature differences within the device, material selection and characterization are key to constructing an efficient device. We describe the design constraints and material selections necessary for thermally efficient and durable optical refrigeration.
{"title":"Thermal management and design for optical refrigeration","authors":"G. Symonds, B. Farfan, M. Ghasemkhani, A. Albrecht, M. Sheik-Bahae, R. Epstein","doi":"10.1117/12.2217964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217964","url":null,"abstract":"We present our recent work in developing a robust and versatile optical refrigerator. This work focuses on minimizing parasitic energy losses through efficient design and material optimization. The cooler’s thermal linkage system and housing are studied using thermal analysis software to minimize thermal gradients through the device. Due to the extreme temperature differences within the device, material selection and characterization are key to constructing an efficient device. We describe the design constraints and material selections necessary for thermally efficient and durable optical refrigeration.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133681097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquid crystals (LCs) are very attractive hosts for the organization of anisotropic nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) because of the macroscopic organization resulting in properties of nanoparticles manifest at a macroscopic scale. Different types of LCs have demonstrated the ability to organize nanotubes, showing the generality of the approach, i.e., that the liquid crystallinity per se is the driving factor for the organization. Compared to standard nanotube composites (e.g. with disordered polymer hosts) the introduction of carbon nanotubes into an LC allows not only the transfer of the outstanding CNT properties to the macroscopic phase, providing strength and conductivity, but these properties also become anisotropic, following the transfer of the orientational order from the LC to the CNTs. The LC molecular structure plays an important even if ancillary role since it enters in the surface interactions, fulfilling a mediating action between the particle and the bulk of the LC. Isolated nanotubes can be obtained by optimized dispersions at lower concentrations and this process requires the use or development of tailored strategies like using solvents or even another LC for pre-dispersing CNTs. Aggregates or networks can be observed in poor dispersions and at higher nanoparticle concentrations. In those, due to surface interactions, the LC behaviour can be strongly affected with changes in phase sequences or transition temperatures and the effect is expected to be more pronounced as the concentration of nanotubes increases. We present preliminary investigations and observations on nanotube – LC systems based on a smectic LC host.
{"title":"Nanotube networks in liquid crystals","authors":"Martin Urbanski, J. Lagerwall, G. Scalia","doi":"10.1117/12.2216401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216401","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystals (LCs) are very attractive hosts for the organization of anisotropic nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) because of the macroscopic organization resulting in properties of nanoparticles manifest at a macroscopic scale. Different types of LCs have demonstrated the ability to organize nanotubes, showing the generality of the approach, i.e., that the liquid crystallinity per se is the driving factor for the organization. Compared to standard nanotube composites (e.g. with disordered polymer hosts) the introduction of carbon nanotubes into an LC allows not only the transfer of the outstanding CNT properties to the macroscopic phase, providing strength and conductivity, but these properties also become anisotropic, following the transfer of the orientational order from the LC to the CNTs. The LC molecular structure plays an important even if ancillary role since it enters in the surface interactions, fulfilling a mediating action between the particle and the bulk of the LC. Isolated nanotubes can be obtained by optimized dispersions at lower concentrations and this process requires the use or development of tailored strategies like using solvents or even another LC for pre-dispersing CNTs. Aggregates or networks can be observed in poor dispersions and at higher nanoparticle concentrations. In those, due to surface interactions, the LC behaviour can be strongly affected with changes in phase sequences or transition temperatures and the effect is expected to be more pronounced as the concentration of nanotubes increases. We present preliminary investigations and observations on nanotube – LC systems based on a smectic LC host.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116889789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Venkata Krishnaiah, Y. Ledemi, Elton Soares de Lima Filho, S. Loranger, G. Nemova, Y. Messaddeq, R. Kashyap
Laser cooling with anti-Stokes fluorescencewas predicted by Pringsheim in 1929, but for solids was only demonstrated in 1995. There are many difficulties which have hindered laser assisted cooling, principally the chemical purity of a sample and the availability of suitable hosts. Recent progress has seen the cooled temperature plummet to 93K in Yb:YLF. One of the challenges for laser cooling to become ubiquitous, is incorporating the rare-earthcooling ion in a more easily engineered material, rather than a pure crystalline host. Rare-earth-doped nanocrystalline glass-ceramics were first developed by Wang and Ohwaki for enhanced luminescence and mechanical properties compared to their parent glasses. Our work has focused on creating a nanocrystalline environment for the cooling ion, in an easy to engineer glass. The glasses with composition 30SiO2-15Al2O3-27CdF2-22PbF2-4YF3-2YbF3 (mol%), have been prepared by the conventional melt-quenching technique. By a simple post fabrication thermal treatment, the rare-earth ions are embedded in the crystalline phase within the glass matrix. Nanocrystals with various sizes and rare-earth concentrations have been fabricated and their photoluminescence properties assessed in detail. These materials show close to unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) when pumped above the band. However, they exhibit strong up-conversion into the blue, characteristic of Tm trace impurity whose presence was confirmed. The purification of the starting materials is underway to reduce the background loss to demonstrate laser cooling. Progress in the development of these nano-glass-ceramics and their experimental characterization will be discussed.
{"title":"Progress in rare-earth-doped nanocrystalline glass-ceramics for laser cooling","authors":"K. Venkata Krishnaiah, Y. Ledemi, Elton Soares de Lima Filho, S. Loranger, G. Nemova, Y. Messaddeq, R. Kashyap","doi":"10.1117/12.2213133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213133","url":null,"abstract":"Laser cooling with anti-Stokes fluorescencewas predicted by Pringsheim in 1929, but for solids was only demonstrated in 1995. There are many difficulties which have hindered laser assisted cooling, principally the chemical purity of a sample and the availability of suitable hosts. Recent progress has seen the cooled temperature plummet to 93K in Yb:YLF. One of the challenges for laser cooling to become ubiquitous, is incorporating the rare-earthcooling ion in a more easily engineered material, rather than a pure crystalline host. Rare-earth-doped nanocrystalline glass-ceramics were first developed by Wang and Ohwaki for enhanced luminescence and mechanical properties compared to their parent glasses. Our work has focused on creating a nanocrystalline environment for the cooling ion, in an easy to engineer glass. The glasses with composition 30SiO2-15Al2O3-27CdF2-22PbF2-4YF3-2YbF3 (mol%), have been prepared by the conventional melt-quenching technique. By a simple post fabrication thermal treatment, the rare-earth ions are embedded in the crystalline phase within the glass matrix. Nanocrystals with various sizes and rare-earth concentrations have been fabricated and their photoluminescence properties assessed in detail. These materials show close to unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) when pumped above the band. However, they exhibit strong up-conversion into the blue, characteristic of Tm trace impurity whose presence was confirmed. The purification of the starting materials is underway to reduce the background loss to demonstrate laser cooling. Progress in the development of these nano-glass-ceramics and their experimental characterization will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"422 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132034738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We implement an SLM to generate laser beams of variable orbital angular momentum, also referred as Laguerre- Gaussian beams. Input beam polarization takes into account a local birefringence of each pixel of the SLM. We identify the beam polarization eigenstates allowing generate L-G beams of different order via matching variable birefringence of every separate pixels. Zero-order beam passing through the SLM can interact with a generated OAM beam to create an interference pattern. Experimental results demonstrate good agreement with simulations.
{"title":"Single-beam interference from plain Gaussian and OAM wavefronts","authors":"Sergei Popov, M. Favier","doi":"10.1117/12.2213619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2213619","url":null,"abstract":"We implement an SLM to generate laser beams of variable orbital angular momentum, also referred as Laguerre- Gaussian beams. Input beam polarization takes into account a local birefringence of each pixel of the SLM. We identify the beam polarization eigenstates allowing generate L-G beams of different order via matching variable birefringence of every separate pixels. Zero-order beam passing through the SLM can interact with a generated OAM beam to create an interference pattern. Experimental results demonstrate good agreement with simulations.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122595997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ravnik, M. Štimulak, Urban Mur, M. Čančula, S. Čopar, S. Žumer
Three selected approaches for manipulation of light by complex nematic colloidal and non-colloidal structures are presented using different own custom developed theoretical and modelling approaches. Photonic crystals bands of distorted cholesteric liquid crystal helix and of nematic colloidal opals are presented, also revealing distinct photonic modes and density of states. Light propagation along half-integer nematic disclinations is shown with changes in the light polarization of various winding numbers. As third, simulated light transmission polarization micrographs of nematic torons are shown, offering a new insight into the complex structure characterization. Finally, this work is a contribution towards using complex soft matter in optics and photonics for advanced light manipulation.
{"title":"Photonic crystals, light manipulation, and imaging in complex nematic structures","authors":"M. Ravnik, M. Štimulak, Urban Mur, M. Čančula, S. Čopar, S. Žumer","doi":"10.1117/12.2214550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214550","url":null,"abstract":"Three selected approaches for manipulation of light by complex nematic colloidal and non-colloidal structures are presented using different own custom developed theoretical and modelling approaches. Photonic crystals bands of distorted cholesteric liquid crystal helix and of nematic colloidal opals are presented, also revealing distinct photonic modes and density of states. Light propagation along half-integer nematic disclinations is shown with changes in the light polarization of various winding numbers. As third, simulated light transmission polarization micrographs of nematic torons are shown, offering a new insight into the complex structure characterization. Finally, this work is a contribution towards using complex soft matter in optics and photonics for advanced light manipulation.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114885740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kalagara, Fei-Hung Chu, G. Smolyakov, M. Osiński
Greatly enhanced high-speed modulation performance has been recently predicted in numerical calculations for a novel injection-locking scheme involving a distributed Bragg reflector master laser monolithically integrated with a unidirectional whistle-geometry semiconductor micro ring laser. In this work, we confirm the unidirectionality of the whistle-geometry configuration through rigorous three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation by showing a strong asymmetry in photon lifetimes between the two counter propagating modes. At the same time, we explain why this result does not violate the Helmholtz reciprocity principle.
{"title":"Reciprocity principle and nonequivalence of counterpropagating modes in whistle-geometry ring lasers","authors":"H. Kalagara, Fei-Hung Chu, G. Smolyakov, M. Osiński","doi":"10.1117/12.2214602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214602","url":null,"abstract":"Greatly enhanced high-speed modulation performance has been recently predicted in numerical calculations for a novel injection-locking scheme involving a distributed Bragg reflector master laser monolithically integrated with a unidirectional whistle-geometry semiconductor micro ring laser. In this work, we confirm the unidirectionality of the whistle-geometry configuration through rigorous three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation by showing a strong asymmetry in photon lifetimes between the two counter propagating modes. At the same time, we explain why this result does not violate the Helmholtz reciprocity principle.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134630338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiho Joo, Ki-seok Jang, Sanghoon Kim, I. Kim, J. Oh, Sun Ae Kim, Gyungock Kim, Gyu-Seob Jeong, Hankyu Chi, D. Jeong
We present the performance of 4-channel × 25 Gb/s all-silicon photonic receivers based on hybrid-integrated vertical Ge-on-bulk-silicon photodetectors with 65nm bulk CMOS front-end circuits, characterized over 100 Gb/s. The sensitivity of a single-channel Ge photoreceiver module at a BER = 10-12 was measured -11 dBm at 25 Gb/s, whereas, the measured sensitivity of a 4-ch Ge photoreceiver was -10.06 ~ -10.9 dBm for 25Gb/s operation of each channel, and further improvement is in progress. For comparison, we will also present the performance of a 4-ch × 25 Gb/s photoreceiver module, where commercial InP HBT-based front-end circuits is used, characterized up to 100 Gb/s.
{"title":"100 Gb/s photoreceiver module based on 4ch × 25 Gb/s vertical-illumination-type Ge-on-Si photodetectors and amplifier circuits","authors":"Jiho Joo, Ki-seok Jang, Sanghoon Kim, I. Kim, J. Oh, Sun Ae Kim, Gyungock Kim, Gyu-Seob Jeong, Hankyu Chi, D. Jeong","doi":"10.1117/12.2212740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2212740","url":null,"abstract":"We present the performance of 4-channel × 25 Gb/s all-silicon photonic receivers based on hybrid-integrated vertical Ge-on-bulk-silicon photodetectors with 65nm bulk CMOS front-end circuits, characterized over 100 Gb/s. The sensitivity of a single-channel Ge photoreceiver module at a BER = 10-12 was measured -11 dBm at 25 Gb/s, whereas, the measured sensitivity of a 4-ch Ge photoreceiver was -10.06 ~ -10.9 dBm for 25Gb/s operation of each channel, and further improvement is in progress. For comparison, we will also present the performance of a 4-ch × 25 Gb/s photoreceiver module, where commercial InP HBT-based front-end circuits is used, characterized up to 100 Gb/s.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126767345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method of optical signal conversions at high data rates from wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals to time division multiplexing (TDM) signals is demonstrated and studied experimentally using the cross-absorption effect of electro-absorption modulator (EAM). A multi-wavelength light source is designed and built up as a set of WDM carriers which are gated as the WDM pulse signals to be converted. The spectrum of the WDM signals covers more than 40 nm so that is proved that the wavelengths in the whole C+L band can be converted to a single wavelength at which the TDM signal is formed at the output of the system. The pulse width of the WDM signals which is input into the EAM device is about 2.586 ns. And the signal to noise ratio after conversion is about 7dB. It shows that EAM has strong noise immunity in the all-optical wavelength conversion experiment. And it is observed that the conversion of signals at the short wavelength shows higher conversion efficiency than the long-wavelength signals in the EAM device to a probe wavelength at the center of C band.
{"title":"Experimental studies on WDM to TDM signal conversions using gigahertz electro-absorption modulators","authors":"Tianxin Yang, P. Gao, Chunfeng Ge, Zhaoying Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2214219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2214219","url":null,"abstract":"A method of optical signal conversions at high data rates from wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals to time division multiplexing (TDM) signals is demonstrated and studied experimentally using the cross-absorption effect of electro-absorption modulator (EAM). A multi-wavelength light source is designed and built up as a set of WDM carriers which are gated as the WDM pulse signals to be converted. The spectrum of the WDM signals covers more than 40 nm so that is proved that the wavelengths in the whole C+L band can be converted to a single wavelength at which the TDM signal is formed at the output of the system. The pulse width of the WDM signals which is input into the EAM device is about 2.586 ns. And the signal to noise ratio after conversion is about 7dB. It shows that EAM has strong noise immunity in the all-optical wavelength conversion experiment. And it is observed that the conversion of signals at the short wavelength shows higher conversion efficiency than the long-wavelength signals in the EAM device to a probe wavelength at the center of C band.","PeriodicalId":122702,"journal":{"name":"SPIE OPTO","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116567511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：