Pub Date : 2024-08-12DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00291-x
Adam L. Atchley, Chad M. Hoffman, Sophie R. Bonner, Scott M. Ritter, Joseph O’Brien, Rodman R. Linn
Crown scorch—the heating of live leaves, needles, and buds in the vegetative canopy to lethal temperatures without widespread combustion—is one of the most common fire effects shaping post-fire canopies. Despite the ability of computational fluid dynamic models to finely resolve fire activity and buoyant plume dynamics including heterogenous 3D distributions of forest canopy heating, these models have had only limited use in simulating fire effects and have not been used to evaluate crown scorch. Here, we demonstrate a method of evaluating crown scorch using a computational fluid dynamics model, FIRETEC, and validate this approach by simulating the experiments that were used to develop Van Wagner’s 1973 crown scorch model. The average scorch height prediction from FIRETEC compares well with the empirical model derived by Van Wagner, which is the most widely used empirical model for crown scorch. We further find that the 3D buoyant plume dynamics from a steady and homogeneous idealized heat source on the ground results in a spatially heterogenous crown scorch pattern reflecting complex heating dynamics that are best represented by percent scorch rather than height of scorch. The ability of the computational fluid dynamics model to capture variation in crown scorch due to 3D buoyant plume dynamics provides direct links between forest structure, fire behavior, and fire effects that can be used by forest managers and researchers to better understand how fires result in crown damage under various environmental and management scenarios.
树冠烧焦--植被冠层中的活叶、针叶和芽被加热到致命的温度而不发生大面积燃烧--是塑造火后冠层的最常见火灾效应之一。尽管计算流体动力学模型能够精细解析火灾活动和浮力羽流动力学，包括森林冠层加热的异质三维分布，但这些模型在模拟火灾效应方面的应用非常有限，而且尚未用于评估树冠烧焦。在这里，我们展示了一种使用计算流体动力学模型 FIRETEC 评估树冠烧焦的方法，并通过模拟用于开发 Van Wagner 1973 年树冠烧焦模型的实验验证了这种方法。FIRETEC 预测的平均灼烧高度与 Van Wagner 得出的经验模型相比较，后者是目前使用最广泛的树冠灼烧经验模型。我们进一步发现，来自地面上稳定、均匀的理想化热源的三维浮力羽流动力学会导致空间上异质的树冠烧焦模式，反映出复杂的加热动力学，最好用烧焦百分比而不是烧焦高度来表示。计算流体动力学模型能够捕捉三维浮力羽流动力学导致的树冠焦枯变化，这为森林管理者和研究人员提供了森林结构、火灾行为和火灾影响之间的直接联系，有助于他们更好地了解火灾如何在各种环境和管理情景下导致树冠受损。
{"title":"Evaluating crown scorch predictions from a computational fluid dynamics wildland fire simulator","authors":"Adam L. Atchley, Chad M. Hoffman, Sophie R. Bonner, Scott M. Ritter, Joseph O’Brien, Rodman R. Linn","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00291-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00291-x","url":null,"abstract":"Crown scorch—the heating of live leaves, needles, and buds in the vegetative canopy to lethal temperatures without widespread combustion—is one of the most common fire effects shaping post-fire canopies. Despite the ability of computational fluid dynamic models to finely resolve fire activity and buoyant plume dynamics including heterogenous 3D distributions of forest canopy heating, these models have had only limited use in simulating fire effects and have not been used to evaluate crown scorch. Here, we demonstrate a method of evaluating crown scorch using a computational fluid dynamics model, FIRETEC, and validate this approach by simulating the experiments that were used to develop Van Wagner’s 1973 crown scorch model. The average scorch height prediction from FIRETEC compares well with the empirical model derived by Van Wagner, which is the most widely used empirical model for crown scorch. We further find that the 3D buoyant plume dynamics from a steady and homogeneous idealized heat source on the ground results in a spatially heterogenous crown scorch pattern reflecting complex heating dynamics that are best represented by percent scorch rather than height of scorch. The ability of the computational fluid dynamics model to capture variation in crown scorch due to 3D buoyant plume dynamics provides direct links between forest structure, fire behavior, and fire effects that can be used by forest managers and researchers to better understand how fires result in crown damage under various environmental and management scenarios.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Note: Wildfire risk exploration: leveraging SHAP and TabNet for precise factor analysis","authors":"Faiza Qayyum, Harun Jamil, Tariq Alsboui, Mohammad Hijjawi","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00313-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00313-8","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00236-w.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Note: Analyzing the impacts of node density and speed on routing protocol performance in firefighting applications","authors":"Inam Ullah, Tariq Hussain, Aamir Khan, Iqtidar Ali, Farhad Ali, Chang Choi","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00310-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00310-x","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00220-4.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141946264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retraction Note: Federated recognition mechanism based on enhanced temporal-spatial learning using mobile edge sensors for firefighters","authors":"Harun Jamil, Khan Murad Ali, Do-Hyeun Kim","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00308-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00308-5","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00203-5.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00309-4
Khubab Ahmad, Muhammad Shahbaz Khan, Fawad Ahmed, Maha Driss, Wadii Boulila, Abdulwahab Alazeb, Mohammad Alsulami, Mohammed S. Alshehri, Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Jawad Ahmad
This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00216-0.
{"title":"Retraction Note: FireXnet: an explainable AI-based tailored deep learning model for wildfire detection on resource-constrained devices","authors":"Khubab Ahmad, Muhammad Shahbaz Khan, Fawad Ahmed, Maha Driss, Wadii Boulila, Abdulwahab Alazeb, Mohammad Alsulami, Mohammed S. Alshehri, Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Jawad Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00309-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00309-4","url":null,"abstract":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-023-00216-0.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141885608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00298-4
Vera Laísa da Silva Arruda, Ane Auxiliadora Costa Alencar, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior, Fernanda de Figueiredo Ribeiro, Filipe Viegas de Arruda, Dhemerson Estevão Conciani, Wallace Vieira da Silva, Julia Zanin Shimbo
Fire significantly transforms ecology and landscapes worldwide, impacting carbon cycling, species interactions, and ecosystem functions. In the Brazilian Cerrado, a fire-dependent savanna, the interaction between fire, society, and the environment is evident. Given that wildfires significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, our study aimed to analyze four decades of burned area data to understand changes in fire dynamics, using Collection 2 of annual MapBiomas Fire maps (1985 to 2022). Our study examined spatiotemporal patterns, fire recurrence, fire distribution across land uses, temporal changes in fire scar size, burned area variations across ecoregions, and their correlation with farming areas. From 1985 to 2022, fire impacted 40% (792,204 km2) of the Cerrado biome, with 63% burning more than once. Natural vegetation was the most affected, primarily due to human-driven ignition during the dry season. A noticeable trend of later peaks in fire activity, concentrated towards the end of the dry season, along with an increase in patch size over time, characterized a clear shift in the Cerrado fire regime. Recently, the MATOPIBA region and the northern biome exhibited significant fire clusters, with burned areas rising alongside farming expansion. The ecoregion-based analysis identified fire hotspots, with the "Bananal" ecoregion, the largest wetland area in the biome, exhibiting increased fire recurrence and larger patch size over time. Our four-decade analysis of fire dynamics in the Cerrado revealed human-induced changes in the fire regime, originally shifting from July to September to a new fire season from August to October. This shift poses several environmental threats given their overlap with the driest months of the year. This study improved our understanding of changes in fire patterns and their impacts on each ecoregion and land use. Wetlands experienced the highest relative burned area, highlighting their ecological importance and increased vulnerability. In the southern Cerrado, where farming is established and natural vegetation more fragmented, fire events tend to decrease; while in the north, with recent farming expansion, fire susceptibility rises. Conservation-oriented strategies, like the Brazilian Integrated Fire Management (MIF), are crucial for mitigating impacts while enhancing the Cerrado’s resilience to climate change.
{"title":"Assessing four decades of fire behavior dynamics in the Cerrado biome (1985 to 2022)","authors":"Vera Laísa da Silva Arruda, Ane Auxiliadora Costa Alencar, Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior, Fernanda de Figueiredo Ribeiro, Filipe Viegas de Arruda, Dhemerson Estevão Conciani, Wallace Vieira da Silva, Julia Zanin Shimbo","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00298-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00298-4","url":null,"abstract":"Fire significantly transforms ecology and landscapes worldwide, impacting carbon cycling, species interactions, and ecosystem functions. In the Brazilian Cerrado, a fire-dependent savanna, the interaction between fire, society, and the environment is evident. Given that wildfires significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, our study aimed to analyze four decades of burned area data to understand changes in fire dynamics, using Collection 2 of annual MapBiomas Fire maps (1985 to 2022). Our study examined spatiotemporal patterns, fire recurrence, fire distribution across land uses, temporal changes in fire scar size, burned area variations across ecoregions, and their correlation with farming areas. From 1985 to 2022, fire impacted 40% (792,204 km2) of the Cerrado biome, with 63% burning more than once. Natural vegetation was the most affected, primarily due to human-driven ignition during the dry season. A noticeable trend of later peaks in fire activity, concentrated towards the end of the dry season, along with an increase in patch size over time, characterized a clear shift in the Cerrado fire regime. Recently, the MATOPIBA region and the northern biome exhibited significant fire clusters, with burned areas rising alongside farming expansion. The ecoregion-based analysis identified fire hotspots, with the \"Bananal\" ecoregion, the largest wetland area in the biome, exhibiting increased fire recurrence and larger patch size over time. Our four-decade analysis of fire dynamics in the Cerrado revealed human-induced changes in the fire regime, originally shifting from July to September to a new fire season from August to October. This shift poses several environmental threats given their overlap with the driest months of the year. This study improved our understanding of changes in fire patterns and their impacts on each ecoregion and land use. Wetlands experienced the highest relative burned area, highlighting their ecological importance and increased vulnerability. In the southern Cerrado, where farming is established and natural vegetation more fragmented, fire events tend to decrease; while in the north, with recent farming expansion, fire susceptibility rises. Conservation-oriented strategies, like the Brazilian Integrated Fire Management (MIF), are crucial for mitigating impacts while enhancing the Cerrado’s resilience to climate change.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00296-6
Christina Restaino, Spencer Eusden, Megan Kay
The wildfire issue in the western United States presents a complex challenge that impacts both society and the environment. Implementing K-12 education programs focused on wildfire can play a significant role in addressing this issue. By integrating wildfire education into school curricula, teachers can equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to understand fire ecology, land management, and wildfire preparedness. Early exposure to wildfire science education can also connect students with viable career paths in fire and ecosystem management. We used our position as Cooperative Extension educators in Nevada’s Living With Fire Program to catalyze fire science knowledge through creating a high school wildfire science curriculum that is focused on fire ecology, wildfire preparedness, and career exposure. We used a transdisciplinary approach to create educational materials that are effective, relevant, and accurately represent wildfire in Nevada. We integrated five different knowledge forms (technical, cultural, management, institutional, and student) to create a robust curriculum that includes many different stakeholder priorities and values, while still meeting the needs of students and teachers. Our initial impacts assessment demonstrates that our curriculum instruction is creating learning advances in fire ecology and wildfire preparedness. We assert that this curriculum and other wildfire education programs in our region can increase our overall capacity for living with fire.
{"title":"Taking the next step in wildfire education: integrating multiple knowledge forms into co-produced high school fire science curricula","authors":"Christina Restaino, Spencer Eusden, Megan Kay","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00296-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00296-6","url":null,"abstract":"The wildfire issue in the western United States presents a complex challenge that impacts both society and the environment. Implementing K-12 education programs focused on wildfire can play a significant role in addressing this issue. By integrating wildfire education into school curricula, teachers can equip students with the knowledge and skills needed to understand fire ecology, land management, and wildfire preparedness. Early exposure to wildfire science education can also connect students with viable career paths in fire and ecosystem management. We used our position as Cooperative Extension educators in Nevada’s Living With Fire Program to catalyze fire science knowledge through creating a high school wildfire science curriculum that is focused on fire ecology, wildfire preparedness, and career exposure. We used a transdisciplinary approach to create educational materials that are effective, relevant, and accurately represent wildfire in Nevada. We integrated five different knowledge forms (technical, cultural, management, institutional, and student) to create a robust curriculum that includes many different stakeholder priorities and values, while still meeting the needs of students and teachers. Our initial impacts assessment demonstrates that our curriculum instruction is creating learning advances in fire ecology and wildfire preparedness. We assert that this curriculum and other wildfire education programs in our region can increase our overall capacity for living with fire.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00292-w
David Salesa, M. Jaime Baeza, Victor M. Santana
Disturbance-regime shifts are often a manifestation related to climate change. In Mediterranean ecosystems, summer-drought lengthening and high fire-severity may be among the most detrimental processes for plant recovery capacity. However, although isolated effects have been usually assessed, the effects when both disturbances interact are less known. This paper examined the possible interactive impacts of increased fire severity and summer-drought lengthening on Mediterranean vegetation recovery. Our initial hypothesis maintained that both disturbances would interact and cause greater recovery damage than in an isolated way. For this reason, we performed an experimental fire in summer by creating two fire severity levels: control fire severity (CSev) and increased fire severity by adding dry biomass (IncrSev). Following fire, and using rainfall exclusions roofs, we extended summer drought conditions toward the first autumn after fire (AutExcl treatment) and toward the first post-fire spring (SprExcl). All the treatment-levels combinations were replicated in five 0.5 × 0.5 m plots. Emerged seedlings were not affected by treatments, but plant establishment was significantly impaired by extended droughts at the end of the first post-fire year, particularly for Cistaceae and subshrubs. Nevertheless, we found no effects of increased fire severity on either isolation or combination with drought. Notwithstanding, the combination of some treatment levels brought about changes in plant composition. These changes were driven mainly by the detrimental effects of treatments on perennial forbs. This functional group was affected by treatments, which suggests that they may be more sensitive to changes in fire severity and severe droughts. Increased fire severity might not affect plant recovery either by itself or by interacting with drought because prolonged drought may mask increased fire severity impact on Mediterranean seeding species. However, fire-severity increases, together with sporadic drought events in the early stages of these communities, could imply long-lasting changes in community composition due to distinct functional-groups sensitivities. Nevertheless, these impacts depend on the considered species or functional group. These findings provide information about the impacts that Mediterranean-shrublands ecosystems might face if the trends of fire and drought regimes continue shifting.
{"title":"Fire severity and prolonged drought do not interact to reduce plant regeneration capacity but alter community composition in a Mediterranean shrubland","authors":"David Salesa, M. Jaime Baeza, Victor M. Santana","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00292-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00292-w","url":null,"abstract":"Disturbance-regime shifts are often a manifestation related to climate change. In Mediterranean ecosystems, summer-drought lengthening and high fire-severity may be among the most detrimental processes for plant recovery capacity. However, although isolated effects have been usually assessed, the effects when both disturbances interact are less known. This paper examined the possible interactive impacts of increased fire severity and summer-drought lengthening on Mediterranean vegetation recovery. Our initial hypothesis maintained that both disturbances would interact and cause greater recovery damage than in an isolated way. For this reason, we performed an experimental fire in summer by creating two fire severity levels: control fire severity (CSev) and increased fire severity by adding dry biomass (IncrSev). Following fire, and using rainfall exclusions roofs, we extended summer drought conditions toward the first autumn after fire (AutExcl treatment) and toward the first post-fire spring (SprExcl). All the treatment-levels combinations were replicated in five 0.5 × 0.5 m plots. Emerged seedlings were not affected by treatments, but plant establishment was significantly impaired by extended droughts at the end of the first post-fire year, particularly for Cistaceae and subshrubs. Nevertheless, we found no effects of increased fire severity on either isolation or combination with drought. Notwithstanding, the combination of some treatment levels brought about changes in plant composition. These changes were driven mainly by the detrimental effects of treatments on perennial forbs. This functional group was affected by treatments, which suggests that they may be more sensitive to changes in fire severity and severe droughts. Increased fire severity might not affect plant recovery either by itself or by interacting with drought because prolonged drought may mask increased fire severity impact on Mediterranean seeding species. However, fire-severity increases, together with sporadic drought events in the early stages of these communities, could imply long-lasting changes in community composition due to distinct functional-groups sensitivities. Nevertheless, these impacts depend on the considered species or functional group. These findings provide information about the impacts that Mediterranean-shrublands ecosystems might face if the trends of fire and drought regimes continue shifting.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00290-y
Christine Eriksen
This article is the fuller written version of the invited closing plenary given by the author at the 10th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress. The article provides a consideration of our capacity to cope, care, and coexist in a fiery world from a social and structural point of view. It focuses on privilege as the root cause of a long and troublesome history within the wildfire profession of not valuing all generational knowledge equally, not treating all cultures with the same respect, not embracing diversity and inclusion, and not affording the same status to all disciplines and voices. The article argues that we can strengthen our collective capacity to coexist with wildfire by embracing local and indigenous fire stewardship practices, by enabling workforce diversity and inclusive leadership culture, and by providing sustainable working conditions for wildland firefighters. To do so requires individual and collective noticing of what is wrong, and everyday action steps towards equity.
{"title":"Coexisting with wildfire: strengthening collective capacity by changing the status quo","authors":"Christine Eriksen","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00290-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00290-y","url":null,"abstract":"This article is the fuller written version of the invited closing plenary given by the author at the 10th International Fire Ecology and Management Congress. The article provides a consideration of our capacity to cope, care, and coexist in a fiery world from a social and structural point of view. It focuses on privilege as the root cause of a long and troublesome history within the wildfire profession of not valuing all generational knowledge equally, not treating all cultures with the same respect, not embracing diversity and inclusion, and not affording the same status to all disciplines and voices. The article argues that we can strengthen our collective capacity to coexist with wildfire by embracing local and indigenous fire stewardship practices, by enabling workforce diversity and inclusive leadership culture, and by providing sustainable working conditions for wildland firefighters. To do so requires individual and collective noticing of what is wrong, and everyday action steps towards equity.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"253 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00300-z
Carolyn F. van Mantgem
Serotiny, or pyriscence, refers to delayed seed dissemination within plants and plays an important role in the population dynamics of species following fire. Accurately understanding the variation in serotiny is crucial to predicting ecosystem responses to changing fire regimes. Three-dimensional (3D) cone surface area is one critical trait that can be used to characterize responses in serotinous species following fire, yet approaches to accurately measure cone surface area are limited. Cone surface area in regards to this paper is the total area of all surfaces of the cone. Past studies have relied on visual estimation to determine the openness of cones or to identify when cones become open. Subjective assessments of cone opening may be insufficient to adequately characterize cone responses to fire. In this study, I demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D modeling using a readily available phone camera and applications (Polycam, Blender) to quantify differences in 3D surface area of cones before and after heating treatments by comparing two serotinous conifer species, Monterey cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa) and bishop pine (Pinus muricata). Bishop pine had an average cone surface area increase of 175.7% while Monterey cypress had an average cone surface area increase of 43.5%. Paired t-tests showed that cone surface area significantly increased following heating for both species. Bishop pine showed a much greater cone surface area change relative to Monterey cypress. 3D imaging with the phone application, Polycam, proved to be a successful method of quantifying cone opening, creating a mesh that could be measured with the post-image processing software, Blender. A mesh can be defined as a digital 3D representation of an object made up of connected vertices that create edges and faces. Using a readily available phone camera, one can create an accurate 3D model to measure changes in the surface area of cones before and after fire. Simple methods for quantifying serotiny, such as demonstrated here, allow for improved understanding and predictions of how species respond to fire and other environmental triggers but require further investigation including, but not limited to, comparisons between serotinous species, facultative serotinous species, and non-serotinous species.
{"title":"3D imaging as a method of measuring serotiny","authors":"Carolyn F. van Mantgem","doi":"10.1186/s42408-024-00300-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-024-00300-z","url":null,"abstract":"Serotiny, or pyriscence, refers to delayed seed dissemination within plants and plays an important role in the population dynamics of species following fire. Accurately understanding the variation in serotiny is crucial to predicting ecosystem responses to changing fire regimes. Three-dimensional (3D) cone surface area is one critical trait that can be used to characterize responses in serotinous species following fire, yet approaches to accurately measure cone surface area are limited. Cone surface area in regards to this paper is the total area of all surfaces of the cone. Past studies have relied on visual estimation to determine the openness of cones or to identify when cones become open. Subjective assessments of cone opening may be insufficient to adequately characterize cone responses to fire. In this study, I demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D modeling using a readily available phone camera and applications (Polycam, Blender) to quantify differences in 3D surface area of cones before and after heating treatments by comparing two serotinous conifer species, Monterey cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa) and bishop pine (Pinus muricata). Bishop pine had an average cone surface area increase of 175.7% while Monterey cypress had an average cone surface area increase of 43.5%. Paired t-tests showed that cone surface area significantly increased following heating for both species. Bishop pine showed a much greater cone surface area change relative to Monterey cypress. 3D imaging with the phone application, Polycam, proved to be a successful method of quantifying cone opening, creating a mesh that could be measured with the post-image processing software, Blender. A mesh can be defined as a digital 3D representation of an object made up of connected vertices that create edges and faces. Using a readily available phone camera, one can create an accurate 3D model to measure changes in the surface area of cones before and after fire. Simple methods for quantifying serotiny, such as demonstrated here, allow for improved understanding and predictions of how species respond to fire and other environmental triggers but require further investigation including, but not limited to, comparisons between serotinous species, facultative serotinous species, and non-serotinous species.","PeriodicalId":12273,"journal":{"name":"Fire Ecology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141741085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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