Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TGF-β 1/Smad3 signaling pathway and its downstream factor CTGF in collagen deposition and its molecular mechanism. And then it explored further the effect of exercise on the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and collagen deposition in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is expected to provide alternative exercise intervention approaches for skeletal muscle diseases, which are caused by age-related changes of collagen, and to provide new research perspectives for skeletal muscle satellite cell activation and skeletal muscle regeneration. Methods 21 male BALB/c mice were normally raised from 4 weeks to 36 weeks under standard conditions. The mice was divided randomly into three groups, including: group C, the quiet control group; Group A, the aerobics training group, received nine weeks of treadmill training without loading; And the group R, the resistance training group, received nine weeks of climbing training with loading. The body weight and limb grip of the mice were measured on regularly during the experiment. After 24 hours of the last intervention experiment, the mice were weighed and then executed by dislocating the cervical spine. The quadriceps were taken. Real-time PCR technology was used to detect the mRNA levels of TGF-β1, TβR I, Smad 3, CTGF, Pax7, COL1 and COL3. Western blotting technique was used to detect the protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad3, P-Smad3 , CTGF, COL1, COL3, Pax7 and MyoD . The deposition of collagen in the quadriceps muscle tissue of mice was detected by Sirius red staining. And the localization and expressions of COL1 and Pax7 in the quadriceps of mice were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence technology respectively. Results (1) Compared with group C, the weight of mice in group A was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ratio of the wet weight of the quadriceps and the body weight of the mice increased significantly (P<0.05), while there was no significant change on the limbs relative grip strength. Compared with group C, the body weight of mice in group R showed a certain degree of increase but no significant difference, the ratio between the wet weight of the quadriceps and the body weight of the mice was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the limbs relative grip strength was significantly increased (P<0.05). (2) Compared with group C, there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of COL1 and COL3 in the quadriceps of mice in group A, and there was no significant change in collagen volume fraction. Compared with group C, the mRNA and protein expression of COL1 and COL3 of the quadriceps in group R were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and collagen volume fraction significantly reduced (P<0.05), and collagen deposition decreased. (3) Compared with group C, the mRNA level of CTGF and the protein level of TGF-β1 and CTGF in quadriceps tissues of mice in group A were significantly
{"title":"OR-011 Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on TGF-β1/Smad3 Signal Pathway and Collagen in Skeletal Muscle of Aging Mice","authors":"Caizhen Chen, Lisi Xu, Jiaojiao Xie, Jian Lu","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9113","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TGF-β 1/Smad3 signaling pathway and its downstream factor CTGF in collagen deposition and its molecular mechanism. And then it explored further the effect of exercise on the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and collagen deposition in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it is expected to provide alternative exercise intervention approaches for skeletal muscle diseases, which are caused by age-related changes of collagen, and to provide new research perspectives for skeletal muscle satellite cell activation and skeletal muscle regeneration. \u0000Methods 21 male BALB/c mice were normally raised from 4 weeks to 36 weeks under standard conditions. The mice was divided randomly into three groups, including: group C, the quiet control group; Group A, the aerobics training group, received nine weeks of treadmill training without loading; And the group R, the resistance training group, received nine weeks of climbing training with loading. The body weight and limb grip of the mice were measured on regularly during the experiment. After 24 hours of the last intervention experiment, the mice were weighed and then executed by dislocating the cervical spine. The quadriceps were taken. Real-time PCR technology was used to detect the mRNA levels of TGF-β1, TβR I, Smad 3, CTGF, Pax7, COL1 and COL3. Western blotting technique was used to detect the protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad3, P-Smad3 , CTGF, COL1, COL3, Pax7 and MyoD . The deposition of collagen in the quadriceps muscle tissue of mice was detected by Sirius red staining. And the localization and expressions of COL1 and Pax7 in the quadriceps of mice were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence technology respectively. \u0000Results (1) Compared with group C, the weight of mice in group A was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ratio of the wet weight of the quadriceps and the body weight of the mice increased significantly (P<0.05), while there was no significant change on the limbs relative grip strength. Compared with group C, the body weight of mice in group R showed a certain degree of increase but no significant difference, the ratio between the wet weight of the quadriceps and the body weight of the mice was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the limbs relative grip strength was significantly increased (P<0.05). \u0000(2) Compared with group C, there was no significant difference in the mRNA and protein expression of COL1 and COL3 in the quadriceps of mice in group A, and there was no significant change in collagen volume fraction. Compared with group C, the mRNA and protein expression of COL1 and COL3 of the quadriceps in group R were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and collagen volume fraction significantly reduced (P<0.05), and collagen deposition decreased. \u0000(3) Compared with group C, the mRNA level of CTGF and the protein level of TGF-β1 and CTGF in quadriceps tissues of mice in group A were significantly ","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89957182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoyuan Yu, L. Hou, Jing Ma, Zhifeng Wang, Gang Zhao, D. Qiao
Objective The motor cortex (MC) stimulation-induced unitary responses of globus pallidus external segment (GPe) neurons in control and exercise induced-fatigue rats were recorded in vivo to examine the role of cortical-striatum-external globus pallidal pathway in the mechanism of central fatigue. Methods 32 Clean healthy male Wistar rats (260~300g), were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (Control), 1-day fatigue group (1FG), 3-day fatigue group (3FG) and 7-day fatigue group (7FG). Rats were subjected to a 5-day adaptive treadmill training. Modified Bedford treadmill exercise with progressively increasing load was used to creat the exercise fatigue model. （3 levels:8.2 m/min, 15 min; 15m/min, 15 min; 20 m/min, lasting till exhaustion） The spontaneous unit activity and responses to MC stimulation of GPe neurons were recorded by the electrophysiological technique of extracellular recording of glass microelectrodes. Results The results showed that the firing frequency of high-frequency firing with pause (HFP) and low frequency firing with burst (LFB) in the GPe of 1FG was comparable with that of control group (P>0.05). However in 3FG and 7FG , the percentage of HFP neuron was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the proportion of LFB was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the average firing rate of LFB was higher and inter spike intervals (ISI) was significantly lower than that of the control group. With 200μA electrical stimulation, the explosive discharge of GPe neurons was attenuated after fatigue in rats. The response of GPe neurons to variable frequency stimulation in exhausted model groups was stronger than that of the control group.MC-stimulation typically induced a triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation in GPe neurons. The population of neurons showing a short inhibition slightly increased in 3FG and 7FG. Conclusions 1. The results confirmed that GPe is an important nucleus of basal ganglia involved in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue by the change of spontaneous activity. Electrical stimulation on the cortex can alter response patterns of GPe neurons in exercise-induced fatigue rats, the results confirmed that the Ctx-Str-GPe neural pathway is involved in the regulation of exercise fatigue, and the indirect pathway is over-activated.
{"title":"PO-147 Effect of Exercise-induced Fatigue on the Electrical Activity of the External Globus Pallidus Neurons in rats","authors":"Haoyuan Yu, L. Hou, Jing Ma, Zhifeng Wang, Gang Zhao, D. Qiao","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I4.10503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I4.10503","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The motor cortex (MC) stimulation-induced unitary responses of globus pallidus external segment (GPe) neurons in control and exercise induced-fatigue rats were recorded in vivo to examine the role of cortical-striatum-external globus pallidal pathway in the mechanism of central fatigue. \u0000Methods 32 Clean healthy male Wistar rats (260~300g), were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (Control), 1-day fatigue group (1FG), 3-day fatigue group (3FG) and 7-day fatigue group (7FG). Rats were subjected to a 5-day adaptive treadmill training. Modified Bedford treadmill exercise with progressively increasing load was used to creat the exercise fatigue model. （3 levels:8.2 m/min, 15 min; 15m/min, 15 min; 20 m/min, lasting till exhaustion） The spontaneous unit activity and responses to MC stimulation of GPe neurons were recorded by the electrophysiological technique of extracellular recording of glass microelectrodes. \u0000Results The results showed that the firing frequency of high-frequency firing with pause (HFP) and low frequency firing with burst (LFB) in the GPe of 1FG was comparable with that of control group (P>0.05). However in 3FG and 7FG , the percentage of HFP neuron was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the proportion of LFB was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the average firing rate of LFB was higher and inter spike intervals (ISI) was significantly lower than that of the control group. With 200μA electrical stimulation, the explosive discharge of GPe neurons was attenuated after fatigue in rats. The response of GPe neurons to variable frequency stimulation in exhausted model groups was stronger than that of the control group.MC-stimulation typically induced a triphasic response composed of early excitation, inhibition, and late excitation in GPe neurons. The population of neurons showing a short inhibition slightly increased in 3FG and 7FG. \u0000Conclusions 1. The results confirmed that GPe is an important nucleus of basal ganglia involved in the regulation of exercise-induced fatigue by the change of spontaneous activity. \u0000 \u0000Electrical stimulation on the cortex can alter response patterns of GPe neurons in exercise-induced fatigue rats, the results confirmed that the Ctx-Str-GPe neural pathway is involved in the regulation of exercise fatigue, and the indirect pathway is over-activated. \u0000","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86547836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na Wu, Xiangyu Zhai, X. Tan, P. Wiklund, Sulin Cheng
Objective To study whether diet and exercise intervention affect sleep and obesity-related genes’ DNA methylation in overweight and obese men with insomnia symptoms Methods The study participants were a subgroup of a large intervention and consisted of 10 overweight or obesity men aged 34-65 years with insomnia symptoms. They participated in a 6-month progressive aerobic exercise training and individualized dietary consoling program and were randomly selected from diet (n=4), exercise (n=3) and control (n=3) groups. Body composition included fat mass and lean mass in the whole body and abdominal android region were assessed by dual-energy X-ray densitometry. The fitness level (VO2max) was determined by 2-km walk test using a standard protocol. Blood samples from venous were taken at fasted state in the morning. Total cholesterol, high density lipid cholesterol, low density lipid cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase were assessed by conventional methods. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was taken from abdominal region before and after the intervention. DNA was extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue using a QIAamp DNeasy Tissue Kit. Whole genome-wide DNA methylation was obtained using MethylRAD-Seq. MethylRAD library preparation started from DNA digestion by FspEI, then digested products were run on agarose gel to verify digestion and DNA ligase was added to the digestion solution. After ligation products amplication, PCR was conducted by MyCycler thermal cycler (Bio-Rad). The target fragment was excised from polyacrylamide gel and DNA was diffused from the gel in nuclease-free water. For relative quantification of MethylRAD data, DNA methylation levels were determined using the normalized read depth (reads per million, RPM) for each site. For each restriction site, its methylation level was estimated by dividing the log-transformed depth of each site by the log-transformed maximum depth (representing 100% methylation; i.e. M-index ¼ log(depth site)/ log(depth max)), where depth max was summarized from the top 2% of sites (approx. 500 for the standard library) with the highest sequencing coverage. Heat map images are generated with Matlab 7.0 software and pathways are analysed by WEB-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolket. A statistical significance for methylated CpGs and pathways were set to p=0.001 and p=0.05, respectively. Results No significant group differences by time were found in sleep-related variables, body composition, lifestyle factors nor with measured lipid and glucose biomarkers. However, whole genome-wide DNA methylation was decreased after dietary intervention, but was increased after exercise intervention, respectively. Correspondingly, 1253 and 708 differentially methylated loci were found in diet and exercise groups by contrast to the control group. Among them, the overlap genes between diet and exercise had multiple dif
目的研究饮食和运动干预是否影响有失眠症状的超重和肥胖男性的睡眠和肥胖相关基因的DNA甲基化。方法研究参与者是一个大型干预的亚组，由10名34-65岁有失眠症状的超重或肥胖男性组成。他们参加了为期6个月的渐进式有氧运动训练和个性化饮食安慰计划，并从饮食组(n=4)、运动组(n=3)和对照组(n=3)中随机选择。采用双能x线密度仪测定全身及腹部脂肪、瘦肉质量。健康水平(VO2max)通过2公里步行测试确定，采用标准方案。早晨空腹取静脉血样。采用常规方法测定总胆固醇、高密度脂质胆固醇、低密度脂质胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖、胰岛素、非酯化脂肪酸、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和γ-谷氨酰转移酶。干预前后分别取腹部皮下脂肪组织。使用QIAamp脱氧核糖核酸组织试剂盒从皮下脂肪组织中提取DNA。使用MethylRAD-Seq获得全基因组DNA甲基化。甲基rad文库的制备从FspEI酶切DNA开始，酶切产物在琼脂糖凝胶上进行酶切验证，酶切液中加入DNA连接酶。结扎产物扩增后，用MyCycler热循环仪(Bio-Rad)进行PCR。从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶中切除目标片段，将DNA从凝胶中扩散到无核酸酶的水中。对于MethylRAD数据的相对量化，使用每个位点的标准化读取深度(reads per million, RPM)来确定DNA甲基化水平。对于每个酶切位点，其甲基化水平通过将每个位点的对数转换深度除以对数转换最大深度(代表100%甲基化;即M-index¼log(深度站点)/ log(深度最大值))，其中深度最大值汇总自前2%的站点(约。500(标准文库)，测序覆盖率最高。热图图像由Matlab 7.0软件生成，通路通过基于web的Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolket分析。甲基化CpGs和通路的统计学意义分别为p=0.001和p=0.05。结果在睡眠相关变量、身体成分、生活方式因素以及测量的脂质和葡萄糖生物标志物方面，各组间没有明显的时间差异。然而，饮食干预后全基因组DNA甲基化降低，运动干预后全基因组DNA甲基化增加。相应地，与对照组相比，饮食组和运动组分别发现了1253和708个不同的甲基化位点。其中，饮食与运动重叠基因存在多个差异甲基化CpGs，如MYT1L(4个CpGs)、CAMTA1(3个CpGs)、NRXN1(3个CpGs)、RPS6KA2(3个CpGs)、SEMA4D(3个CpGs)。运动干预后，PCDH8 DNA甲基化与睡眠后醒来呈负相关，而饮食干预后，与睡眠持续时间相关的MYRIP甲基化水平较低。此外，13个(DIO1、GCK、GYS1、LMNA、LY86、PNMT、PPARA、PPARD、SERPINE1、TH、TMEM18、TNFRSF1B和UBL5)和2个(SDCCAG8和TNF)肥胖相关基因的DNA甲基化特征分别随饮食和运动而改变。KLHDC8A、ANKS1A、FGFRL1和KDM3B中CpGs的百分比变化分别与能量产量、脂肪和碳水化合物、HOMA-IR和VO2max相关。我们发现运动和饮食干预都对这些与睡眠相关的基因有影响，这分别通过PCDH8和MYRIP的DNA甲基化来表明。进一步的饮食可能比有氧运动干预更有效，因为在饮食干预后观察到更多的肥胖相关基因。我们的研究结果表明，减少失眠症状可能需要更多地关注控制肥胖。
{"title":"PO-185 Lifestyle intervention modify DNA methylation of adipose tissue in overweight and obese men with insomnia symptoms","authors":"Na Wu, Xiangyu Zhai, X. Tan, P. Wiklund, Sulin Cheng","doi":"10.14428/ebr.v1i4.12783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/ebr.v1i4.12783","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To study whether diet and exercise intervention affect sleep and obesity-related genes’ DNA methylation in overweight and obese men with insomnia symptoms \u0000Methods The study participants were a subgroup of a large intervention and consisted of 10 overweight or obesity men aged 34-65 years with insomnia symptoms. They participated in a 6-month progressive aerobic exercise training and individualized dietary consoling program and were randomly selected from diet (n=4), exercise (n=3) and control (n=3) groups. Body composition included fat mass and lean mass in the whole body and abdominal android region were assessed by dual-energy X-ray densitometry. The fitness level (VO2max) was determined by 2-km walk test using a standard protocol. Blood samples from venous were taken at fasted state in the morning. Total cholesterol, high density lipid cholesterol, low density lipid cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase were assessed by conventional methods. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was taken from abdominal region before and after the intervention. DNA was extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue using a QIAamp DNeasy Tissue Kit. Whole genome-wide DNA methylation was obtained using MethylRAD-Seq. MethylRAD library preparation started from DNA digestion by FspEI, then digested products were run on agarose gel to verify digestion and DNA ligase was added to the digestion solution. After ligation products amplication, PCR was conducted by MyCycler thermal cycler (Bio-Rad). The target fragment was excised from polyacrylamide gel and DNA was diffused from the gel in nuclease-free water. For relative quantification of MethylRAD data, DNA methylation levels were determined using the normalized read depth (reads per million, RPM) for each site. For each restriction site, its methylation level was estimated by dividing the log-transformed depth of each site by the log-transformed maximum depth (representing 100% methylation; i.e. M-index ¼ log(depth site)/ log(depth max)), where depth max was summarized from the top 2% of sites (approx. 500 for the standard library) with the highest sequencing coverage. Heat map images are generated with Matlab 7.0 software and pathways are analysed by WEB-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolket. A statistical significance for methylated CpGs and pathways were set to p=0.001 and p=0.05, respectively. \u0000Results No significant group differences by time were found in sleep-related variables, body composition, lifestyle factors nor with measured lipid and glucose biomarkers. However, whole genome-wide DNA methylation was decreased after dietary intervention, but was increased after exercise intervention, respectively. Correspondingly, 1253 and 708 differentially methylated loci were found in diet and exercise groups by contrast to the control group. Among them, the overlap genes between diet and exercise had multiple dif","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88142541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To explain the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy by exercise-induced miRNAs, it provides a new reference for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as inflammation and tumor. Methods Through the literature data method, this paper refers to more than 100 articles and writes this review, which provides relevant research directions for relevant researchers. Results Exercise promotes the up-regulation of miR-30, miR-223 and miR-210 expression through the PI3K /Akt / mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit its related target proteins, and promote mitochondrial autophagy to affect inflammation, tumor and other diseases. Conclusions In recent years, people's concept of exercise has undergone a slow and fundamental change. In addition to medical factors, the role of exercise factors in the prevention or treatment of various diseases such as inflammation and cancer has gradually strengthened. Mitochondrial autophagy has a significant effect on tumor cells. The successful discovery of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway provides more support for the involvement of tumor-like diseases. miRNAs may regulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in mitochondrial autophagy. Pathways significantly affect tumor-like diseases. Exercise is widely recommended as a means of preventing and treating various diseases such as inflammation and tumor. The induction of normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise has a significant effect on the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mitochondrial autophagy by miRNAs. In the future, studies on the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy by miRNAs can focus on the relationship with exercise. At present, the research on mitochondrial autophagy regulated by exercise-induced miRNAs is still insufficient. As a new discovery, it will receive more and more attention. miRNAs regulate the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mitochondrial autophagy, which provides a new idea for solving the treatment problems of inflammation, tumor and other diseases.
{"title":"PO-027 Effects of exercise-induced miRNAs on mitochondrial autophagy signaling pathway in PI3K/Akt/mTOR","authors":"C. Meng","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.9903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.9903","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To explain the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy by exercise-induced miRNAs, it provides a new reference for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as inflammation and tumor. \u0000Methods Through the literature data method, this paper refers to more than 100 articles and writes this review, which provides relevant research directions for relevant researchers. \u0000Results Exercise promotes the up-regulation of miR-30, miR-223 and miR-210 expression through the PI3K /Akt / mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit its related target proteins, and promote mitochondrial autophagy to affect inflammation, tumor and other diseases. \u0000Conclusions In recent years, people's concept of exercise has undergone a slow and fundamental change. In addition to medical factors, the role of exercise factors in the prevention or treatment of various diseases such as inflammation and cancer has gradually strengthened. Mitochondrial autophagy has a significant effect on tumor cells. The successful discovery of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway provides more support for the involvement of tumor-like diseases. miRNAs may regulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in mitochondrial autophagy. Pathways significantly affect tumor-like diseases. Exercise is widely recommended as a means of preventing and treating various diseases such as inflammation and tumor. The induction of normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise has a significant effect on the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mitochondrial autophagy by miRNAs. In the future, studies on the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy by miRNAs can focus on the relationship with exercise. At present, the research on mitochondrial autophagy regulated by exercise-induced miRNAs is still insufficient. As a new discovery, it will receive more and more attention. miRNAs regulate the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mitochondrial autophagy, which provides a new idea for solving the treatment problems of inflammation, tumor and other diseases.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88161636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Obesity in children usually develops from early age and is due to chronic energy imbalance, and long-term exercise has been shown to have the capacity to alter the sensitivity of the appetite regulatory system. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine the circulating levels of appetite regulating hormones after exercise intervention in obese children. Methods 24 obese children were subjected to exercise training program lasted for 6 weeks, and eating behavior of the children were evaluated using the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) before and after intervention. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were also determined using ELISA kits. Results Circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased with significant difference (P<0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased (P<0.05). Fasting plasma glucose was also decrease but with no significant difference. The level of leptin was decreased after 6 weeks intervention with no statistical significance, while the circulating level of ghrelin was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). The scores of FR and EF were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after intervention. No significant change was found on SR and SE of CEBQ, even though they were observed increased compared with that of baseline. Conclusions The current study found that there were obvious effects of 6 weeks exercise intervention on appetite regulating hormones and subjective appetite changes in obese children.
{"title":"PO-164 Effect of exercise intervention on appetite regulating hormones in obese children","authors":"J. Liao, Min Hu","doi":"10.14428/ebr.v1i4.11913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/ebr.v1i4.11913","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Obesity in children usually develops from early age and is due to chronic energy imbalance, and long-term exercise has been shown to have the capacity to alter the sensitivity of the appetite regulatory system. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine the circulating levels of appetite regulating hormones after exercise intervention in obese children. \u0000Methods 24 obese children were subjected to exercise training program lasted for 6 weeks, and eating behavior of the children were evaluated using the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) before and after intervention. Plasma leptin and ghrelin were also determined using ELISA kits. \u0000Results Circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased with significant difference (P<0.05), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased (P<0.05). Fasting plasma glucose was also decrease but with no significant difference. The level of leptin was decreased after 6 weeks intervention with no statistical significance, while the circulating level of ghrelin was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). The scores of FR and EF were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after intervention. No significant change was found on SR and SE of CEBQ, even though they were observed increased compared with that of baseline. \u0000Conclusions The current study found that there were obvious effects of 6 weeks exercise intervention on appetite regulating hormones and subjective appetite changes in obese children.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88310955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomohiro Nakamura, T. Shibahara, A. Takamori, A. Nunomiya, M. Miyata, T. Akimoto, R. Nagatomi, T. Fujisato
Objective Recent evidence has identified skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Many myokines, which are bioactive substances secreted from skeletal muscle, have been identified in plane muscle culture cells. Compared to the plane muscle culture cells, the tissue-engineered muscle is an excellent model as culture system mimicked native skeletal muscle. However, constitutively expressed genes and secreted compounds from tissue-engineered muscle have not been analyzed sufficiently. The purposes of this study were 1) to clarify kinetics of constitutively secreted compounds, and 2) to explore constitutively expressed genes in the tissue-engineered muscle. Methods C2C12 cells embedded within collagen gel solution were placed between two tendons made up of elastase-treated acelluar porcine blood vessel. The constructs were cultured in growth media for 2 days and cultured in differentiation media for 6 days. To compare with plane culture cells, C2C12 cells were cultured in plane under the same condition as the construct. The culture media were obtained, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Furthermore, constitutively up-regulated genes in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle were explored based on microarray analysis and confirmed by RT-PCR. Results MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry revealed that the number of detected peaks in tissue-engineered muscle was abundant compared to that of plane muscle culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the detected peaks were substantially different among these culture media and specific peaks were identified in tissue-engineered muscle. Based on microarray analysis, the transcription of cholecystokinin identified, and confirmed the up-regulation in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle by RT-PCR. Conclusions These results suggested that the tissue-engineered muscle constitutively secreted many compounds compared to plane culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the transcription of cholecystokinin was up-regulated in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Besides of the plane muscle culture cells, it is possible to expect to obtain novel myokines utilizing tissue-engineered muscle.
{"title":"PO-112 The exploration of constitutively expressed myokines utilizing tissue-engineered skeletal muscle","authors":"Tomohiro Nakamura, T. Shibahara, A. Takamori, A. Nunomiya, M. Miyata, T. Akimoto, R. Nagatomi, T. Fujisato","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I4.9773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I4.9773","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Recent evidence has identified skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Many myokines, which are bioactive substances secreted from skeletal muscle, have been identified in plane muscle culture cells. Compared to the plane muscle culture cells, the tissue-engineered muscle is an excellent model as culture system mimicked native skeletal muscle. However, constitutively expressed genes and secreted compounds from tissue-engineered muscle have not been analyzed sufficiently. The purposes of this study were 1) to clarify kinetics of constitutively secreted compounds, and 2) to explore constitutively expressed genes in the tissue-engineered muscle. \u0000Methods C2C12 cells embedded within collagen gel solution were placed between two tendons made up of elastase-treated acelluar porcine blood vessel. The constructs were cultured in growth media for 2 days and cultured in differentiation media for 6 days. To compare with plane culture cells, C2C12 cells were cultured in plane under the same condition as the construct. The culture media were obtained, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Furthermore, constitutively up-regulated genes in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle were explored based on microarray analysis and confirmed by RT-PCR. \u0000Results MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry revealed that the number of detected peaks in tissue-engineered muscle was abundant compared to that of plane muscle culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the detected peaks were substantially different among these culture media and specific peaks were identified in tissue-engineered muscle. Based on microarray analysis, the transcription of cholecystokinin identified, and confirmed the up-regulation in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle by RT-PCR. \u0000Conclusions These results suggested that the tissue-engineered muscle constitutively secreted many compounds compared to plane culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the transcription of cholecystokinin was up-regulated in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Besides of the plane muscle culture cells, it is possible to expect to obtain novel myokines utilizing tissue-engineered muscle.","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79914911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective C57 mice were fed with high-fat diet. After the pathological features were detected, a group of C57 high-fat diet mice were randomly selected for eight weeks aerobic and anti-resistance exercise. To observe the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat. To explore the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder caused by high fat feeding, to provide the direction and evidence for the treatment and rehabilitation of fatty liver and other diseases caused by high fat diet. C57 mice were fed with high-fat diet. After the pathological features were detected, a group of C57 high-fat diet mice were randomly selected for eight weeks aerobic and anti-resistance exercise. To observe the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat. To explore the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder caused by high fat feeding, to provide the direction and evidence for the treatment and rehabilitation of fatty liver and other diseases caused by high fat diet. Methods 30 male C57 mice were 8 weeks old, with an average weight of 20.02 ±0.06 g. The purchased mice were randomly divided into C57 diet group (n = 10) and high-fat diet group (n = 20). A pathological model of hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder was established by high-fat feed feeding. The success of the model was measured by calculating the area under the blood glucose curve. After modeling, the C57 mice were randomly divided into high fat group and high fat exercise group, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in high fat exercise group were trained 6 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the exercise, the three groups were uniformly selected. Results 1. Compared with the normal diet quiet group, there was a significant difference in the area under the blood glucose curve in the high-fat diet quiet group (p < 0. 01). Compared with the quiet high-fat diet group, there was a significant difference in the area under the blood glucose curve after intraperitoneal injection of glucose in the high-fat diet exercise group (p < 0. 05). After two weeks of high fat diet feeding, the body weight of the quiet group was significantly higher than that of the quiet group fed with normal diet (p < 0.05). After two weeks exercise training of high-fat mice, the body weight of high-fat exercise group was significantly lower than that of quiet high-fat mice (p < 0.05). Compared with the normal diet group, the liver weight and liver weight of the high-fat quiet group increased (p < 0 01), while the liver weight and liver / body weight of the high-fat exercise group were lower than those of the high-fat quiet group (p < 0 05). The liver AST (aspartate amino transferase) and ALT(Alanine transferase) in the High-fat diet quiet group were significantly higher than those in the normal diet quiet group (p < 0. 01). The ALT (alanine transferase) in high-fat diet exercise group was lower than tha
{"title":"PO-042 Effect of 8 weeks aerobic combined with resistance exercise on hepatic glycolipid metabolism induced by high fat diet in mice","authors":"Jing Xiao","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.10073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.10073","url":null,"abstract":"Objective C57 mice were fed with high-fat diet. After the pathological features were detected, a group of C57 high-fat diet mice were randomly selected for eight weeks aerobic and anti-resistance exercise. To observe the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat. To explore the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder caused by high fat feeding, to provide the direction and evidence for the treatment and rehabilitation of fatty liver and other diseases caused by high fat diet. \u0000C57 mice were fed with high-fat diet. After the pathological features were detected, a group of C57 high-fat diet mice were randomly selected for eight weeks aerobic and anti-resistance exercise. To observe the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high fat. To explore the effect of exercise on liver glucose and lipid metabolism disorder caused by high fat feeding, to provide the direction and evidence for the treatment and rehabilitation of fatty liver and other diseases caused by high fat diet. \u0000Methods 30 male C57 mice were 8 weeks old, with an average weight of 20.02 ±0.06 g. The purchased mice were randomly divided into C57 diet group (n = 10) and high-fat diet group (n = 20). A pathological model of hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorder was established by high-fat feed feeding. The success of the model was measured by calculating the area under the blood glucose curve. After modeling, the C57 mice were randomly divided into high fat group and high fat exercise group, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in high fat exercise group were trained 6 days a week for 8 weeks. At the end of the exercise, the three groups were uniformly selected. \u0000Results 1. Compared with the normal diet quiet group, there was a significant difference in the area under the blood glucose curve in the high-fat diet quiet group (p < 0. 01). Compared with the quiet high-fat diet group, there was a significant difference in the area under the blood glucose curve after intraperitoneal injection of glucose in the high-fat diet exercise group (p < 0. 05). \u0000 \u0000After two weeks of high fat diet feeding, the body weight of the quiet group was significantly higher than that of the quiet group fed with normal diet (p < 0.05). After two weeks exercise training of high-fat mice, the body weight of high-fat exercise group was significantly lower than that of quiet high-fat mice (p < 0.05). Compared with the normal diet group, the liver weight and liver weight of the high-fat quiet group increased (p < 0 01), while the liver weight and liver / body weight of the high-fat exercise group were lower than those of the high-fat quiet group (p < 0 05). \u0000The liver AST (aspartate amino transferase) and ALT(Alanine transferase) in the High-fat diet quiet group were significantly higher than those in the normal diet quiet group (p < 0. 01). The ALT (alanine transferase) in high-fat diet exercise group was lower than tha","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73937367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective There are many active ingredients in sports nutrition, and nitrate is gradually being valued by sports nutrition and product developers. Supplementation of nitrate is a practical method to increase circulating plasma nitrite, thereby increasing NO bioavailability. However, the existing research has rarely reported the dose effect between nitrate supplementation and changes in exercise efficiency and capacity. The mechanism of action of nitrate is not fully understood yet. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different doses of nitrate on the exercise capacity of rats, as well as the detection of [Ca2+] and calreticulin (CRT) expression in the gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus, trying to figure out the effects of different doses of nitrate supplementation on calcium homeostasis in different types of muscle fibers. Methods 40 SD rats (8-week-old) weighing 270-290 grams were randomly divided into control group (C group, 8), exercise control group (EC group, 8), exercise with low-dose supplementation group (ELN group, 8), exercise with medium-dose supplementation group (EMN group, 8) and exercise with high-dose supplementation group (EHN group, 8). Sodium nitrate was used as exogenous nitrate for oral gavage. The intragastric concentration was 0.3 mmol/day/kg body weight in the ELN group, 0.7 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EMN group, and 1.0 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EHN group. The others were orally administered with normal saline. All exercise groups (EC, ELN, EMN and EHN) underwent 3 days adaptive low-intensity treadmill training with slope 0°, speed 16 meter/min, and the time is 5 min, 10 min and 15 min incrementally. 24 hours after the end of the last gavage, a one-time exhaustion treadmill experiment was started. The running platform slope was -16°, the speed was 16 meter/min. Exhaustive experiment participants were not aware of the grouping of rats. Immediately after the end of exhaustive exercise, the rats were weighed and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital solution. Blood is collected for testing [NO2-]. The gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were collected for testing NOS activity, tissue [Ca2+] and CRT expression. Results (1) Compared with the EC group, the exhaustion time of the other exercise groups was prolonged. The exhaustion time of the EMN group was very significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P<0.01). The exhaustion time of the EMN group was significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P< 0.05). At the same time, the difference between the EMN group and the ELN group was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Serum [NO2-] in the supplemented nitrate groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) was higher than that in the EC group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The serum [NO2-] in different groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) raised with the increase of nitrate concentration, and the difference between each adjacent concentration group was stati
目的运动营养中含有多种活性成分，其中硝酸盐正逐渐受到运动营养和产品开发人员的重视。补充硝酸盐是增加循环血浆亚硝酸盐，从而提高一氧化氮生物利用度的实用方法。然而，现有的研究很少报道硝酸盐补充与运动效率和能力变化之间的剂量效应。硝酸根的作用机理尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在分析不同剂量的硝酸盐对大鼠运动能力的影响，并检测腓肠肌、比目鱼肌和指长伸肌中[Ca2+]和钙网蛋白(CRT)的表达，试图了解不同剂量的硝酸盐补充对不同类型肌纤维钙稳态的影响。方法将体重270 ~ 290 g的8周龄SD大鼠40只随机分为对照组(C组，8只)、运动对照组(EC组，8只)、运动低剂量补充组(ELN组，8只)、运动中剂量补充组(EMN组，8只)和运动高剂量补充组(EHN组，8只)，以硝酸钠作为外源性硝酸盐灌胃。ELN组胃内浓度为0.3 mmol/天/kg体重，EMN组胃内浓度为0.7 mmol/天/kg体重，EHN组胃内浓度为1.0 mmol/天/kg体重。另一组则口服生理盐水。各组(EC、ELN、EMN和EHN)均进行坡度为0°、速度为16 m /min的适应性低强度跑步机训练，训练时间为5 min、10 min和15 min，增量训练3 d。末次灌胃结束24 h后，开始进行一次衰竭跑步机试验。运行平台坡度为-16°，运行速度为16 m /min。穷尽实验的参与者没有意识到老鼠的分组。在剧烈运动结束后，立即称重并用戊巴比妥钠溶液麻醉。采集血液检测[NO2-]。采集腓肠肌、比目鱼肌和指长伸肌，检测NOS活性、组织[Ca2+]和CRT表达。结果(1)与EC组相比，其他运动组的疲劳时间均有所延长。EMN组的衰竭时间较EC组明显延长(P0.05)。(4)在腓肠肌中，与EC组相比，[Ca2+] (P < 0.05)， EHN与EC组相比(P < 0.05)。(5)在比目鱼肌，[Ca2+] (P0.05)和EHN vs EC组(P >.05)。(6)在指长伸肌中，与EC组相比，[Ca2+]水平明显降低(P0.05)。EMN组CRT的表达明显降低(P<0.05)，而[Ca2+]在EMN组与EC组间差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论(1)6 d补充硝酸钠是提高血清[NO2-]浓度的可靠方法。(2)补充6 d硝酸钠可延长大鼠一次性力竭运动的持续时间，以0.7mmol/kg/d的剂量为最佳。(3)补充硝酸钠可影响一次性力竭运动后骨骼肌[Ca2+]和CRT的表达。不同浓度的硝酸钠对不同类型的肌纤维有不同的影响。
{"title":"PO-089 Effects of 6-days nitrate supplementation on [Ca2+] and CRT in skeletal muscle of exhausted rats","authors":"G. Hu, Jianmin Cao, Fujun Xiang, H. Tan","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I3.11633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I3.11633","url":null,"abstract":"Objective There are many active ingredients in sports nutrition, and nitrate is gradually being valued by sports nutrition and product developers. Supplementation of nitrate is a practical method to increase circulating plasma nitrite, thereby increasing NO bioavailability. However, the existing research has rarely reported the dose effect between nitrate supplementation and changes in exercise efficiency and capacity. The mechanism of action of nitrate is not fully understood yet. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different doses of nitrate on the exercise capacity of rats, as well as the detection of [Ca2+] and calreticulin (CRT) expression in the gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus, trying to figure out the effects of different doses of nitrate supplementation on calcium homeostasis in different types of muscle fibers. \u0000Methods 40 SD rats (8-week-old) weighing 270-290 grams were randomly divided into control group (C group, 8), exercise control group (EC group, 8), exercise with low-dose supplementation group (ELN group, 8), exercise with medium-dose supplementation group (EMN group, 8) and exercise with high-dose supplementation group (EHN group, 8). Sodium nitrate was used as exogenous nitrate for oral gavage. The intragastric concentration was 0.3 mmol/day/kg body weight in the ELN group, 0.7 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EMN group, and 1.0 mmol/day/kg body weight in the EHN group. The others were orally administered with normal saline. All exercise groups (EC, ELN, EMN and EHN) underwent 3 days adaptive low-intensity treadmill training with slope 0°, speed 16 meter/min, and the time is 5 min, 10 min and 15 min incrementally. 24 hours after the end of the last gavage, a one-time exhaustion treadmill experiment was started. The running platform slope was -16°, the speed was 16 meter/min. Exhaustive experiment participants were not aware of the grouping of rats. Immediately after the end of exhaustive exercise, the rats were weighed and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital solution. Blood is collected for testing [NO2-]. The gastrocnemius, soleus and extensor digitorum longus were collected for testing NOS activity, tissue [Ca2+] and CRT expression. \u0000Results (1) Compared with the EC group, the exhaustion time of the other exercise groups was prolonged. The exhaustion time of the EMN group was very significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P<0.01). The exhaustion time of the EMN group was significantly prolonged from that of the EC group (P< 0.05). At the same time, the difference between the EMN group and the ELN group was statistically significant (P<0.05). (2) Serum [NO2-] in the supplemented nitrate groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) was higher than that in the EC group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The serum [NO2-] in different groups (ELN, EMN and EHN) raised with the increase of nitrate concentration, and the difference between each adjacent concentration group was stati","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87643298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meizhen Zhang, M. Schumann, Tao Huang, T. Törmäkangas, Sulin Cheng
Objective The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of normal weight obesity with physical fitness in Chinese university students. As a secondary aim, we assessed whether possible differences in physical fitness between students classified as NWO and normal weight non-obese (NWNO) were mediated by skeletal muscles mass. Methods A total of 383 students (205 males and 178 females, aged 18–24 years) from two universities volunteered to participate in this study. Body height and weight were measured by standard procedures and body composition was assessed by a bio-impedance device (InBody 720). NWO was defined by a BMI of 18.5 - 23.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of > 20% and > 30% in male and female students, respectively. Physical fitness was measured using a 10-min intermittent endurance running test (Andersen test), counter movement jumps (CMJ) and a 5 × 5-m shuttle run test (5mSR). The level of leisure time physical activity (PA) was assessed by a questionnaire. Results 13.7% of male and 27.5% of female students were classified as NWO. Compared to NWNO, students classified as NWO showed a significantly poorer performance on the Andersen test (males: 1146 ± 70 m vs. 1046 ± 95 m, females: 968 ± 61 m vs. 907 ± 67m, p < 0.001), CMJ (males: 55.0 ± 7.6 cm vs. 44.9 ± 7.5 cm, females: 39.8 ± 8.0 cm vs. 33.7 ± 5.9 cm, p < 0.001), 5mSR (males: 18.7 ± 1.0 s vs. 20.0 ± 0.9 s, females: 21.1 ± 1.1 s vs. 22.4 ± 1.3 s, p < 0.001), respectively. The lower levels of physical fitness in NWO were partially explained by lower skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.001) both in male and female students Conclusions NWO was associated with poorer physical fitness and the relationship was partially mediated by lower skeletal muscle mass. The study indicated that attention should be paid for the potential hidden health risk in university students with normal body mass index but excessive fat mass
{"title":"OR-039 Normal-weight obesity and physical fitness in Chinese university students: an overlooked association","authors":"Meizhen Zhang, M. Schumann, Tao Huang, T. Törmäkangas, Sulin Cheng","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I2.9693","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations of normal weight obesity with physical fitness in Chinese university students. As a secondary aim, we assessed whether possible differences in physical fitness between students classified as NWO and normal weight non-obese (NWNO) were mediated by skeletal muscles mass. \u0000Methods A total of 383 students (205 males and 178 females, aged 18–24 years) from two universities volunteered to participate in this study. Body height and weight were measured by standard procedures and body composition was assessed by a bio-impedance device (InBody 720). NWO was defined by a BMI of 18.5 - 23.9 kg/m2 and a body fat percentage of > 20% and > 30% in male and female students, respectively. Physical fitness was measured using a 10-min intermittent endurance running test (Andersen test), counter movement jumps (CMJ) and a 5 × 5-m shuttle run test (5mSR). The level of leisure time physical activity (PA) was assessed by a questionnaire. \u0000Results 13.7% of male and 27.5% of female students were classified as NWO. Compared to NWNO, students classified as NWO showed a significantly poorer performance on the Andersen test (males: 1146 ± 70 m vs. 1046 ± 95 m, females: 968 ± 61 m vs. 907 ± 67m, p < 0.001), CMJ (males: 55.0 ± 7.6 cm vs. 44.9 ± 7.5 cm, females: 39.8 ± 8.0 cm vs. 33.7 ± 5.9 cm, p < 0.001), 5mSR (males: 18.7 ± 1.0 s vs. 20.0 ± 0.9 s, females: 21.1 ± 1.1 s vs. 22.4 ± 1.3 s, p < 0.001), respectively. The lower levels of physical fitness in NWO were partially explained by lower skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.001) both in male and female students \u0000Conclusions NWO was associated with poorer physical fitness and the relationship was partially mediated by lower skeletal muscle mass. The study indicated that attention should be paid for the potential hidden health risk in university students with normal body mass index but excessive fat mass","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87007174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Long-term movement could induce micro-damage of skeletal muscle, increase collagen significantly, and appear skeletal muscle fibrosis. Vimentin is one of the most important proteins in evaluating the fibrosis after muscle injury. TGF-β1 could up-regulate Vimentin expression, promoting cell migration and accelerating fibrosis and injury repair. This study mainly explored the role of TGF-β1/Vim in skeletal muscle fibrosis affected by a bout of high-load exercise. And we tried to find whether the expression of vimentin could regulate the regeneration of muscle fiber and the remodeling of connective tissue. Methods SD rats were divided into 7groups: control group, immediately, 6-hour, 12-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour and 72-hour after group. Western Blot was used to detect TGF-β1, vimentin, RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF(connective tissue growth factor) expressions. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes of collagen in skeletal muscle. Results Vimentin protein exprsssion increased quickly at 6-hour after exerciese. At 48-hour, the vimentin expression reached the peak. And then the expression of vimentin gradually decreased. The expressions of TGF-β1, RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF gradually increased after exercise. The peak of these expressions appeared at 12-hour respectively. Then these protein expressions declined slowly. Collagen in skeletal muscle became long and thick in 48-hour and 72-hour after exercise. Conclusions A bout of high-load exercise could induce skeletal muscle fibrosis. RhoA-ROCK1 maybe affect TGF-β1/Vim expressions as main regulators, and then the protein expression vimentin could regulate the regeneration of muscle fiber and the remodeling of connective tissue as an important evaluation factor.
{"title":"PO-232 The Regulation of Vimentin in Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis Affected by High-load Exercise","authors":"Xiaoran Liu","doi":"10.14428/EBR.V1I5.10613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14428/EBR.V1I5.10613","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Long-term movement could induce micro-damage of skeletal muscle, increase collagen significantly, and appear skeletal muscle fibrosis. Vimentin is one of the most important proteins in evaluating the fibrosis after muscle injury. TGF-β1 could up-regulate Vimentin expression, promoting cell migration and accelerating fibrosis and injury repair. This study mainly explored the role of TGF-β1/Vim in skeletal muscle fibrosis affected by a bout of high-load exercise. And we tried to find whether the expression of vimentin could regulate the regeneration of muscle fiber and the remodeling of connective tissue. \u0000Methods SD rats were divided into 7groups: control group, immediately, 6-hour, 12-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour and 72-hour after group. Western Blot was used to detect TGF-β1, vimentin, RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF(connective tissue growth factor) expressions. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes of collagen in skeletal muscle. \u0000Results Vimentin protein exprsssion increased quickly at 6-hour after exerciese. At 48-hour, the vimentin expression reached the peak. And then the expression of vimentin gradually decreased. \u0000The expressions of TGF-β1, RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF gradually increased after exercise. The peak of these expressions appeared at 12-hour respectively. Then these protein expressions declined slowly. Collagen in skeletal muscle became long and thick in 48-hour and 72-hour after exercise. \u0000Conclusions A bout of high-load exercise could induce skeletal muscle fibrosis. RhoA-ROCK1 maybe affect TGF-β1/Vim expressions as main regulators, and then the protein expression vimentin could regulate the regeneration of muscle fiber and the remodeling of connective tissue as an important evaluation factor. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12276,"journal":{"name":"Exercise Biochemistry Review","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87193343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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