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Study on pollen viability and stigma receptivity throughout the flowering period in the selected taxa of the Gesneriaceae family 苦苣苔科植物花期花粉活力和柱头接受性的研究
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0009
Françoise Baptiste, Jong-Yi Fang
ABSTRACT Plants in the Gesneriaceae family are appreciated for their decorative leaves and flowers, ease of cultivation, and shade tolerance. Sexual hybridisation has long been carried out for producing novel hybrids. However, scientific knowledge is lacking on the correct timing of pollination in this family. This study was conducted to elucidate the optimal timing for pollination by screening pollen viability and stigma receptivity throughout the flowering period in eight gesneriad taxa. Pollen viability was evaluated by the in vitro germination test and stigma receptivity was based on stigma morphology and pistil length. The flowering duration varied from 10 days in Alsobia to 18 days in Streptocarpus. While the pollens of Episcia, Kohleria, Saintpaulia, Sinningia, and Smithiantha had totally lost viability 2–5 days before the flowers withered, a slightly contrasting situation was observed in the cases of Alsobia, Deinostigma, and Streptocarpus, where a small portion of pollen grains remained viable towards the end of the flowering period. The highest pollen germination rate was recorded from 1 day in Alsobia, Episcia, and Kohleria, to 9 days in Deinostigma. The reduction in pollen germination was rapid in Alsobia, Saintpaulia, and Smithiantha, and moderate in the remaining taxa. The greatest pollen tube growth occurred at 1–3 days after flower opening and decreased rapidly in all the taxa tested. The longest pistil of 2.03–3.50 cm was observed at 3–8 days of anthesis depending on the plant tested. The findings in this study suggest that higher pollination success may be achieved using pollen grains of newly opened flowers and stigmas of mature flowers in this family.
苦苣苔科植物因其具有装饰性的叶和花、易于栽培和耐阴性而受到人们的重视。长期以来,人们一直通过有性杂交来产生新的杂交种。然而,关于这个科的正确授粉时间缺乏科学知识。本研究通过筛选8个属类群的花粉活力和柱头可受性来确定最佳授粉时机。通过离体萌发试验评价花粉活力,通过柱头形态和雌蕊长度评价柱头接受度。花期从10天到18天不等。Episcia、Kohleria、Saintpaulia、Sinningia和Smithiantha的花粉在花凋谢前2-5天就完全失去了活力,而Alsobia、deino柱头和Streptocarpus的情况则略有不同,在花期结束时,仍有一小部分花粉颗粒保持活力。花粉发芽率最高的品种为黑柱头属、黑柱头属和黑柱头属,发芽率最高的品种为1 d ~ 9 d。阿索比亚、圣保利亚和史密斯亚塔的花粉萌发率下降较快,其余分类群的花粉萌发率下降较缓。各类群花粉管生长在开花后1 ~ 3 d达到高峰,并迅速下降。不同植物在开花后3 ~ 8天雌蕊最长,为2.03 ~ 3.50 cm。本研究结果表明,利用该科新开花的花粉粒和成熟花的柱头可以获得更高的授粉成功率。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative study of morphological characteristics in diploid and tetraploid (auto and allotetraploids) Citrullus genotypes 二倍体和四倍体(自体和异源四倍体)西瓜形态特征的比较研究
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0003
A. Aydin, H. Yetişir
ABSTRACT In this study, ploidy levels were determined by stomatal observations and flow cytometry analysis of plants polyploidised by the application of 0.05% colchicine to seedlings at the first true leaf stage. In the study of developing polyploid watermelon rootstocks, the survival rate of the plants was 77%, and the polyploidisation rates were 11% and 3% according to stomatal observations and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. According to the results of flow cytometry, 22 polyploid genotypes were determined. Auto- (12) and allotetraploids (10) of Citrullus genotypes were developed, and their plant growth performance was determined in hydroponic culture in comparison with diploids, commercial rootstocks (RS841, ‘Argentario’) and watermelon cultivar (‘Crimson Tide’). Putative tetraploids and their diploid controls were grown in hydroponic culture for 21 days, and their vegetative growth performances were determined. The results showed that the increases in plant biomass depending on polyploidisation were 100% in autotetraploids and 156% in allotetraploids as compared to diploid controls.
摘要本研究通过气孔观察和流式细胞术分析,测定了0.05%秋水仙碱对第一真叶期幼苗多倍体的倍性水平。根据气孔观察和流式细胞仪分析,在开发多倍体西瓜砧木的研究中,植株的存活率为77%,多倍体化率分别为11%和3%。根据流式细胞术的结果,确定了22种多倍体基因型。开发了Citrullus基因型的Auto-(12)和同素异形体(10),并与二倍体、商业砧木(RS841,‘Argentario’)和西瓜品种(‘Crimson Tide’)进行了水培比较,测定了它们的植株生长性能。在水培培养基中培养21天,测定了假定的四倍体及其二倍体对照的营养生长性能。结果表明,与二倍体对照相比,同源四倍体和异源四倍体的植物生物量分别增加了100%和156%。
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引用次数: 0
Physico-chemical properties revealed huge diversity in 50 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genotypes 理化性质揭示了50种椰枣(Phoenix dactylifera L.)基因型的巨大多样性
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0008
R. Ahmad, M. A. Anjum, S. Ercişli, W. Malik, E. Sakar, R. Marc, R. Karunakaran
ABSTRACT Date palm has excellent economic value all over the world. Date palm genotypes grown in Pakistan are diverse in nature. The current study aimed to explore the diversity in 50 date palm genotypes collected from two different research stations in Punjab, Pakistan. The study findings are as follows: Dhakki had the highest fruit weight, pulp weight, fruit width and fruit volume. Jaman had a longer fruit length. Eedel Shah and Begum Jangi had greater fruit thickness and fruit perimeter, respectively. Makran showed a higher fruit area. Dedhi showed the highest stone weight, thickness and volume. Halmain had a longer stone length, and Sundari had an extended stone width. Makhi exhibited a higher stone perimeter and area. The Danda genotype had low weight and a small length of the stone. Begum Jangi and Peeli Sundar had small stone width. Seib and Shado had a higher moisture content in their fruits. The fruits of Baidhar and Khudraw-2 genotypes had the highest dry matter and reducing sugars. Champa Kali and Shakri had higher TSS levels in fruits. Halmain had higher juice pH. The fruits of Pathri and Makhi genotypes exhibited higher non-reducing sugars and carotenoids. In this study, a dendrogram was constructed to cluster 50 genotypes into five different clusters based on their physico-chemical characteristics. The correlation matrix and variable plot revealed positive and negative correlations between fruits traits and their biochemical properties conducive to the improvement of desired traits. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that Dhakki, Chohara, Baidhar, Karbalaen and Eedel Shah showed a higher genetic diversity; hence, in the scatter plot and biplot, these genotypes deviated from the centre of origin. Physico-chemical characteristics of data palm genotypes indicated a huge diversity among them, which could help select diverse parents, which is important for different breeding purposes.
摘要椰枣在世界各地都具有卓越的经济价值。在巴基斯坦种植的椰枣基因型在性质上是多样的。目前的研究旨在探索从巴基斯坦旁遮普邦的两个不同研究站收集的50种椰枣基因型的多样性。研究结果表明:达基具有最高的果实重量、果肉重量、果实宽度和果实体积。贾曼的果实长度较长。Eedel Shah和Begum Jangi的果实厚度和周长分别较大。马克兰的果实面积更大。德迪的石头重量、厚度和体积都最高。Halmain的石头长度更长,Sundari的石头宽度更长。Makhi展示了更高的石头周长和面积。丹达基因型具有较低的体重和较小的结石长度。Begum Jangi和Peeli Sundar的石头宽度很小。Seib和Shadow的果实水分含量较高。Baidhar和Khudraw-2基因型的果实干物质和还原糖含量最高。Champa Kali和Shakri的果实TSS水平较高。Halmain的汁液pH值较高。Pathri和Makhi基因型的果实表现出较高的非还原糖和类胡萝卜素。在本研究中,构建了一个树状图,根据50种基因型的理化特征将其聚类为五个不同的聚类。相关矩阵和变量图揭示了果实性状与其生化特性之间的正相关和负相关,有利于所需性状的改善。主成分分析(PCA)显示,Dhakki、Chohara、Baidhar、Karbalaen和Eedel Shah表现出较高的遗传多样性;因此,在散点图和双图中,这些基因型偏离了起源中心。数据棕榈基因型的理化特征表明它们之间存在巨大的多样性,这有助于选择多样化的亲本,这对不同的育种目的很重要。
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引用次数: 0
Ameliorative effects of microbial fertiliser on yield and quality parameters of curly lettuce and cucumber with fertiliser saving 微生物肥料对卷莴苣和黄瓜产量和质量参数的改善作用
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0007
H. Demir, H. K. Yalçì, Ayşe Katgici
ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the potential effects of microbial fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality parameters and fertiliser savings of lettuce and cucumber. The study had control (C), microbial fertilisation (MF), chemical fertilisation (CF), chemical fertilisation + microbial fertilisation (CF + MF), 50% chemical fertilisation + microbial fertilisation (50% CF + MF) and dipping into microbial fertiliser + chemical fertilisation (D + CF) treatments. The highest head length, root collar diameter, soluble solids and leaf number of lettuce were obtained in D+CF. Maximum chlorophyll contents were obtained in CF, CF + MF and D + CF, all of which were higher than the C application. D + CF and CF + MF resulted in the highest total and marketable yields. In cucumber cultivation, although the highest fruit length was obtained in CF, CF + MF, 50% CF + MF and D + CF were only slightly less than CF. The highest fruit diameters were in CF + MF and 50% CF + MF. The chlorophyll contents were significantly more in 50% CF + MF and D + CF than in other applications. The highest first- and second-class yields were in 50% CF + MF and were significantly higher than those in C and CF. Average fruit weight was also higher in all MF applications. It counclud that the alone MF application is not important, so MF has to be used with organic or chemical fertilisers in lettuce and cucumber cultivation.
摘要本研究旨在评价微生物肥对生菜和黄瓜生长、产量和品质参数以及肥料节约的潜在影响。试验采用对照(C)、微生物施肥(MF)、化学施肥(CF)、化学施肥+微生物施肥(CF + MF)、50%化学施肥+微生物施肥(50% CF + MF)和浸施微生物施肥+化学施肥(D + CF)处理。D+CF处理莴苣的头长、根颈直径、可溶性固形物和叶数最高。叶绿素含量以CF、CF + MF和D + CF处理最高,均高于C处理。D + CF和CF + MF的总产量和可销售产量最高。在黄瓜栽培中,虽然CF + MF、50% CF + MF和D + CF的果实长度最高,但CF + MF、50% CF + MF和D + CF的果实直径略小于CF, CF + MF和50% CF + MF的果实直径最高。50% CF + MF和D + CF处理的叶绿素含量显著高于其他处理。一级和二级产量最高的是50% CF + MF处理,显著高于C和CF处理,平均单果重也高于所有MF处理。因此,在生菜和黄瓜的栽培中,必须与有机肥或化肥同时施用。
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引用次数: 0
Byrsonima crassifolia L. Kunth a bio-resource with potential: Overview and opportunities 具有潜力的生物资源:综述与机遇
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0005
C. San-Martín-Hernández, M. Martínez-Téllez, Otila Noema Valenzuela-Amavizca, E. Aispuro-Hernández, Mario Sánchez-Sánchez, Estela Hernández-Camarillo, L. López-Martínez, E. Quintana-Obregón
ABSTRACT Byrsonima crassifolia L. Kunth is a plant native to the Americas that grows in tropical and subtropical areas. Fresh B. crassifolia fruits are a good source of ascorbic acid and carotenoids and contain volatile compounds such as butyric and caproic acids. Although B. crassifolia is commonly exploited from wild natural ecosystems, it exhibits the potential to become a crop plant. When optimal agronomic management systems support propagation by seed, fruits with more homogeneous characteristics can be produced compared to those obtained from wild or backyard plants. B. crassifolia fruits can be found in local markets in Central and South America. The pulp, peel, and other B. crassifolia fruit components can be processed to make traditional and innovative food products, namely candies, cookies, cakes, candied fruits, ice creams, sorbets, jellies, juices, liqueurs, jams, nectars, pickles, and fruit drinks as an alternative to avoid the waste of overripe fruits. Additionally, the woody fraction of the B. crassifolia tree is used as a source of firewood, as shade, and for constructing living fences. These uses also allow the maximum use of biomass by establishing support for cultivation with the circular economy and strengthening food security. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the generation and dissemination of knowledge supporting the development of strategies in the areas of agronomy, postharvest management, and technological processing of B. crassifolia to promote its sustainable use and exploitation.
摘要:厚叶Byrsonima crassifolia L.Kunth是一种原产于美洲的植物,生长在热带和亚热带地区。新鲜的厚叶B.crassifolia果实是抗坏血酸和类胡萝卜素的良好来源,含有丁酸和己酸等挥发性化合物。尽管青海B.crassifolia通常是从野生自然生态系统中开发的,但它显示出成为作物的潜力。当最佳农艺管理系统支持种子繁殖时,与野生或后院植物相比,可以生产出具有更均匀特性的果实。在中美洲和南美洲的当地市场上都可以找到青海树果实。可以将果肉、果皮和其他厚叶B.crassifolia水果成分加工成传统和创新的食品,即糖果、饼干、蛋糕、蜜糖水果、冰淇淋、冰糕、果冻、果汁、利口酒、果酱、油桃、泡菜和水果饮料,作为避免浪费过熟水果的替代品。此外,厚叶B.crassifolia树的木质部分被用作木柴、树荫和建造生活围栏的来源。这些用途还通过支持循环经济种植和加强粮食安全,最大限度地利用生物质。因此,本综述旨在为知识的产生和传播提供见解,支持厚叶B.crassifolia在农学、采后管理和技术加工领域制定战略,以促进其可持续利用和开发。
{"title":"Byrsonima crassifolia L. Kunth a bio-resource with potential: Overview and opportunities","authors":"C. San-Martín-Hernández, M. Martínez-Téllez, Otila Noema Valenzuela-Amavizca, E. Aispuro-Hernández, Mario Sánchez-Sánchez, Estela Hernández-Camarillo, L. López-Martínez, E. Quintana-Obregón","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Byrsonima crassifolia L. Kunth is a plant native to the Americas that grows in tropical and subtropical areas. Fresh B. crassifolia fruits are a good source of ascorbic acid and carotenoids and contain volatile compounds such as butyric and caproic acids. Although B. crassifolia is commonly exploited from wild natural ecosystems, it exhibits the potential to become a crop plant. When optimal agronomic management systems support propagation by seed, fruits with more homogeneous characteristics can be produced compared to those obtained from wild or backyard plants. B. crassifolia fruits can be found in local markets in Central and South America. The pulp, peel, and other B. crassifolia fruit components can be processed to make traditional and innovative food products, namely candies, cookies, cakes, candied fruits, ice creams, sorbets, jellies, juices, liqueurs, jams, nectars, pickles, and fruit drinks as an alternative to avoid the waste of overripe fruits. Additionally, the woody fraction of the B. crassifolia tree is used as a source of firewood, as shade, and for constructing living fences. These uses also allow the maximum use of biomass by establishing support for cultivation with the circular economy and strengthening food security. Therefore, this review aims to provide insights into the generation and dissemination of knowledge supporting the development of strategies in the areas of agronomy, postharvest management, and technological processing of B. crassifolia to promote its sustainable use and exploitation.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"35 1","pages":"61 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45913443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of alternative substrates for hydroponics based on biological parameters of leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and its stress response 基于叶莴苣生物学参数及其应激反应的水培替代基质评价
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0006
V. Ferby, T. Kopta, M. Komorowska, Maciej Fidurski
ABSTRACT The study focusses on alternative substrates with the potential to replace common substrates, such as mineral wool and perlite, as the influence of these on ecosystems and resources is being debated. To this aim, wood fibre, sheep wool and coco peat substrates were selected for testing. Leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Lisboa’) is taken as the model crop for the evaluation of alternative substrates. The closed hydroponic system ebb and flow with growing in pots was used for the experiment. The parameters of the nutrient solution were EC 1.5–2 mS and pH 6–7. Biological parameters, content of nitrates, plant stress indicators, antioxidant activity (AA) as % scavenging of DPPH (AA), glutathione (GSH), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), total phenol content (TPC) and the content of chosen elements in the drain from substrates were evaluated. According to the biomass production of lettuce, the substrates can be ranked from the lowest as follows: sheep wool < wood fibre < mineral wool < perlite < coco peat. The levels of GSH and APX did not affect AA. The TPC showed the greatest effect on AA and the stress response in general. The nitrate content ranged between 426 and 686 mg · kg–1 of fresh mass. Instead of mineral wool and perlite, coco fibre could be a promising alternative organic substrate for lettuce production in the ebb and flow hydroponics system. Wood fibre and sheep wool still have unresolved circumstances regarding their physical and chemical parameters.
本研究的重点是有可能取代普通基质的替代基质,如矿棉和珍珠岩,因为它们对生态系统和资源的影响正在讨论中。为此,选择了木材纤维、羊毛和椰子泥炭作为试验基质。以叶莴苣(Lactuca sativa L. ' Lisboa ')为模型作物,对其替代基质进行评价。试验采用封闭的水培系统,即盆中生长的潮起潮落系统。营养液的参数为EC 1.5 ~ 2 mS, pH 6 ~ 7。研究了生物参数、硝酸盐含量、植物胁迫指标、抗氧化活性(AA)、DPPH (AA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、总酚含量(TPC)和底物中选定元素的含量。根据生菜的生物量产量,底物可由低至低排列为:羊毛<木纤维<矿棉<珍珠岩<椰子泥炭。GSH和APX水平不影响AA。总的来说,TPC对AA和应激反应的影响最大。硝酸盐含量在426 ~ 686 mg·kg-1(新鲜质量)之间。可可纤维可以代替矿棉和珍珠岩,在潮汐水培系统中作为生菜生产的有机基质。木纤维和羊毛的物理和化学参数仍有未解决的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Inhibitory action of ginkgolic acid against pathogenic fungi and characterisation of its inhibitory activities on Nigrospora oryzae 银杏酸对病原真菌的抑制作用及其对米黑曲霉抑制活性的表征
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0004
Jing Liu, Jiuliang Chen, Shuhong Ye, Yanl Ding, Shuhang Guo, Ningning Fan
ABSTRACT Ginkgolic acid is a natural plant antifungal substance with important biological activities, present in the testa of Ginkgo biloba. This research aims to analyse the antifungal action of ginkgolic acid against pathogenic fungi. Ginkgolic acid was analyzed by HPLC and FTIR, and the in vitro inhibitory activities of ginkgolic acid against pathogenic fungi has been investigated. Results showed that ginkgolic acid was a small hydrophobic molecule composed of five ginkgolic acids and their derivatives, with the alkyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups being located on the skeleton of the aromatic ring. Among Nigrospora oryzae (N. oryzae), Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) and Penicillium expansum (P. expansum), ginkgolic acid showed the strongest inhibition against N. oryzae, and the inhibition rate of ginkgolic acid at 5 mg · mL-1 reached 65.82%. Ginkgolic acid lysed the cell membrane of N. oryzae, causing the leaking of the mycelial protein and enhancement of the permeability of the cell membrane, which caused the electrical conductivity of the liquid medium to increase. In addition, it also decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the mycelium of N. oryzae, thereby weakening the cell’s protective function by damaging the integrity of the biomembrane. Furthermore, ginkgolic acid can effectively protect the leaves of Epipremnum aureum from infection by N. oryzae. It was concluded that ginkgolic acid effectively inhibited the activity of N. oryzae.
银杏酸是一种具有重要生物活性的天然植物抗真菌物质,存在于银杏种皮中。本研究旨在分析银杏酸对病原真菌的抗真菌作用。采用高效液相色谱法和红外光谱法对银杏酸进行了分析,并考察了银杏酸对病原真菌的体外抑制活性。结果表明,银杏酸是由5种银杏酸及其衍生物组成的疏水性小分子,烷基和酚羟基位于芳环骨架上。在米曲霉(N.oryzae)、Alternaria alternata(A.alternata)和扩展青霉(P.expansum)中,银杏酸对米曲霉的抑制作用最强,银杏酸在5mg·mL-1时的抑制率达到65.82%,导致菌丝蛋白的泄漏和细胞膜渗透性的增强,从而导致液体培养基的电导率增加。此外,它还降低了米曲霉菌丝体中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,从而通过破坏生物膜的完整性来削弱细胞的保护功能。此外,银杏酸还可以有效地保护金合欢的叶片免受稻瘟病的感染。结果表明,银杏酸能有效地抑制稻瘟病菌的活性。
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引用次数: 1
Morphological characteristics of flower organs and in vitro micropropagation of male sterile lines of Lilium hybrids 百合杂交种雄性不育系花器官形态特征及离体微繁
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0001
Lei Cao, Songming Han, Jinzhu Zhang, Tao Yang, D. Che, Jinping Fan
ABSTRACT Lily pollen causes many problems affecting humans’ quality of life and health, such as clothing contamination and skin or nasal allergies. The manual removal of anthers is time-consuming and labour-intensive, and thus, not conducive to commercial production. It is of great importance to produce pollen-free lily varieties with beautiful shapes. In this study, we studied the morphological characteristics of flower organs and polyploids of six pollen-free filial generations of four lily species and their micropropagations. Lily ‘5-21’ is male sterile and produces uncrackable anthers with inactive pollens under natural conditions. Lily ‘3-12’ is unable to produce anthers, because the petals become stamens, thereby leading to infertility. Lilies ‘3-1’, ‘5-4’, ‘5-35’ and ‘0-0.2’ are unable to produce anthers, because they lack floral organs. Polyploids of six hybrid lilies were identified by flow cytometry and chromosome counting, and the results showed that lily ‘5-4’ was triploid and the rest were diploid. Morphological observation indicated that flowering periods were from early July to early August and lasted for about 11 days. Six male sterile lilies had low seed setting rates when they were used as female parents. Most of the seeds were flaky with developed embryos. Therefore, asexual reproduction is optimal for these six male sterile lilies. The male sterility of six lilies was associated with their parents’ pollen activity. Scales of ‘5-4’ and ‘5-35’ were used as explants for in vitro micropropagation. The findings of the present study lay a foundation for breeding of pollen-free lilies.
百合花粉引起许多影响人类生活质量和健康的问题,如服装污染和皮肤或鼻腔过敏。人工去除花药耗时耗力,不利于商业化生产。培育无花粉、外形美观的百合品种具有重要意义。本研究研究了4种百合的6个无花粉子代花器官和多倍体的形态特征及其微繁殖。百合' 5-21 '是雄性不育的,在自然条件下产生不开裂的花药和不活跃的花粉。百合' 3-12 '不能产生花药,因为花瓣变成了雄蕊,从而导致不育。百合' 3-1 ',' 5-4 ',' 5-35 '和' 0-0.2 '不能产生花药,因为它们缺乏花器官。通过流式细胞术和染色体计数对6株杂交百合的多倍体进行鉴定,结果表明,5-4为三倍体,其余为二倍体。花期为7月上旬至8月上旬,花期约11 d。6株雄性不育百合花作母本结实率较低。大多数种子是片状的,胚胎发育。因此,这6株雄性不育百合花的无性繁殖是最理想的。6株百合的雄性不育性与其亲本花粉活性有关。以‘5-4’和‘5-35’鳞片为外植体进行离体微繁。本研究结果为无花粉百合花的选育奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of different water contents in the substrate on cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq. P. Kumm 基质中不同含水量对平菇栽培的影响。P.Kumm
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2023-0002
L. Wiesnerová, T. Hřebečková, I. Jablonský, M. Koudela
ABSTRACT Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely cultivated and investigated mushroom for its economical and ecological values and medicinal properties. P. ostreatus can be cultivated on different lignocellulosic substrates (oak sawdust, wheat straw, corn cobs and many more). Optimal growth is influenced not only by the composition of the substrate but also by the amount of water in it. In our study, P. ostreatus was cultivated on wheat straw pellets with different water contents (60%, 65%, 70% and 75%). Mycelium growth, biological efficiency (BE), moisture of substrate, pH, enzymatic activities and relationships were the parameters that were evaluated. Based on the results, the optimum initial substrate water content for mycelial growth and BE of the substrate ranged between 65% and 75%. On the other hand, the highest enzymatic activities of hydrolytic and ligninolytic enzymes (Mn-dependent peroxidase, 1,4-β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase) were determined for substrates with 75% of water content.
平菇是一种被广泛栽培和研究的蘑菇,具有经济、生态和药用价值。ostreatus可以在不同的木质纤维素基质(橡木锯末、麦秸、玉米芯等)上种植。最佳生长不仅受基质组成的影响,而且受基质中水量的影响。本研究采用不同含水量(60%、65%、70%、75%)的麦秸球团培养ostreatus。菌丝生长、生物效率(BE)、底物水分、pH、酶活性及其相互关系为评价参数。结果表明,菌丝生长的最佳初始基质含水量和BE值为65% ~ 75%。另一方面,当底物含水量为75%时,水解酶和木质素降解酶(mn依赖性过氧化物酶、1,4-β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素生物水解酶)的酶活性最高。
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引用次数: 1
Growth and yield in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) grown using different planting materials and exposed to different morphological alteration treatments 芋头的生长与产量使用不同的种植材料和暴露于不同形态改变处理的Schott)
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 HORTICULTURE Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2022-0018
B. Lakitan, Hana Haruna Putri, Rofiqoh Purnama Ria, Dora Fatma Nurshanti, F. Gustiar, S. Muda, A. Wijaya
Abstract This study aimed to compare cormels and suckers to determine the better planting material (PM) and to evaluate the effects of morphology-altering treatments on both shoot growth and corm yield in taro plants. The PMs used included cormel (PMC), suckers with two leaves (PMS2) and suckers with four leaves (PMS4). Morphological alteration (MA) treatment included removal of all suckers (MAS), excising the mother plant (MAM), and non-treated control (NMA). Data were collected weekly for non-destructive and at 12, 20, and 28 weeks after planting (WAP) for destructive measurements. Results of this study indicated that the SPAD values were higher in taro plants grown using cormel and morphologically non-altered plants. Removal of all suckers caused the mother plant to increase the number of leaves. The dry weight of the leaf blades, petioles and fibrous roots of the mother plant and the number of suckers decreased after the corm enlargement process took place. Fresh and dry weights of the corm increased at 20 WAP and then slowed down at 28 WAP. The moisture content of corm was relatively constant at 75%. Cormel could form on the fibrous roots and on suckers, but the total wet and dry weights of the cormels were decreased if the suckers were periodically removed. The growth of suckers was very dominant compared to the NMA plant when the mother plant was excised. Meanwhile, if all the suckers were removed, the growth of the mother plant was relatively comparable to that of the NMA plants.
摘要本研究旨在比较球茎和吸盘,以确定更好的种植材料(PM),并评估形态改变处理对芋头植株芽生长和球茎产量的影响。使用的PM包括球茎(PMC)、两片叶子的吸盘(PMS2)和四片叶子的吸管(PMS4)。形态改变(MA)处理包括去除所有吸盘(MAS)、切除母株(MAM)和未处理对照(NMA)。每周收集数据进行非破坏性测量,并在种植后12、20和28周收集数据(WAP)进行破坏性测量。本研究的结果表明,使用球茎和形态未改变的植物生长的芋头植物的SPAD值较高。去除所有吸盘使母株的叶片数量增加。球茎膨大后,母株叶片、叶柄和须根的干重和吸盘数量减少。球茎的鲜重和干重在20WAP时增加,然后在28WAP时减慢。球茎的水分含量相对稳定在75%。球茎可以在须根和吸盘上形成,但如果定期去除吸盘,球茎的总湿重和干重会降低。当母株被切除时,与NMA植物相比,吸盘的生长非常显著。同时,如果去除所有吸盘,母株的生长与NMA植物的生长相对可比。
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Folia Horticulturae
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