Akath Singh, Kundan Kishore, Pradeep Kumar, P. S. Khapte, D. S. Mishra, Dalpat Singh, Hukam Singh Kothyari
Arid region is characterised by extreme climatic condition, poor soil health and over-exploitation of natural resources. Under prevailing conditions of arid India, Ficus carica is an emerging fruit crop with high commercial value and nutritional significance. Phenological study plays an important role in ensuring efficient crop management practices, but such studies in fig have not yet been conducted in India. The present study was conducted with an aim to define and describe phenological stages of common fig cultivar ‘Diana’ in arid regions according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH)-scale using two-digit numerical system. The BBCH scale markedly explains various developmental stages of crops. Seven principal growth stages, viz. bud development (0), leaf development (1), shoot development (3), inflorescence development (5), flower development (6), syconium (fig receptacle) development (7) and fruit maturation (8), and 25 secondary growth stages of fig have been described. The sequential progression of principal growth stages of fig indicated temporal variation in growth pattern as well as overlapping of secondary growth stages. Phenological description will act as a pragmatic approach to define growth stages in order to facilitate timely agronomic practices such as canopy management, nutrient management and irrigation scheduling, pest and disease management. Since fig is considered one of the important minor fruits of India, a detailed phenological description will be instrumental in enhancing its potential in arid and semi-arid regions.
{"title":"Phenological growth and development stages of common fig (Ficus carica L.) under arid climate of India","authors":"Akath Singh, Kundan Kishore, Pradeep Kumar, P. S. Khapte, D. S. Mishra, Dalpat Singh, Hukam Singh Kothyari","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Arid region is characterised by extreme climatic condition, poor soil health and over-exploitation of natural resources. Under prevailing conditions of arid India, <jats:italic>Ficus carica</jats:italic> is an emerging fruit crop with high commercial value and nutritional significance. Phenological study plays an important role in ensuring efficient crop management practices, but such studies in fig have not yet been conducted in India. The present study was conducted with an aim to define and describe phenological stages of common fig cultivar ‘Diana’ in arid regions according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH)-scale using two-digit numerical system. The BBCH scale markedly explains various developmental stages of crops. Seven principal growth stages, viz. bud development (0), leaf development (1), shoot development (3), inflorescence development (5), flower development (6), syconium (fig receptacle) development (7) and fruit maturation (8), and 25 secondary growth stages of fig have been described. The sequential progression of principal growth stages of fig indicated temporal variation in growth pattern as well as overlapping of secondary growth stages. Phenological description will act as a pragmatic approach to define growth stages in order to facilitate timely agronomic practices such as canopy management, nutrient management and irrigation scheduling, pest and disease management. Since fig is considered one of the important minor fruits of India, a detailed phenological description will be instrumental in enhancing its potential in arid and semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Trobjon Makhkamov, Oybek Mamarakhimov, Akramjon Yuldashev, Laziza Botirova, Dilshod Mamadiyarov, Shazia Sultana, Salman Majeed, Jamil Raza, Prem Kumar
This study aimed to examine the pollen and pollinia morpho-structure of 18 horticultural Apocynaceous species. Advanced light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM) were used to elaborate on and examine the systematic importance of pollen and pollinia micromorphology. Pollen grains were first acetolysed, which was followed by visualisation of their sculpturing features. The quantified data were subjected to statistical tools to elucidate dendrogram clustering and principal component analysis to reveal pollen/pollinia morphotypes. The size of pollen is variable, ranging from 113.45 μm in Cascabela thevetia to 23.4 μm in Alstonia scholaris. The study revealed tetrad, tetraporate, and tricolporate grains. Sculpturing (exine ornamentation) varies from reticulate perforate to reticulate. Pollinum shape was observed to be narrow oblong, obovate, orbicular, and reniform. Reticulate-psilate sculptural features were prominent among pollinia surfaces. Based on examination, it was ascertained that the minimum exine thickness in Periploca aphylla was 4.9 μm, whereas the corresponding number in Cryptolepis dubia was 1.35 μm. Taxonomic identification keys were constructed separately based on pollen/pollinia characters to identify the Apocynaceous taxa. In the presented study, seven pollen shapes were observed: from oblate to per prolate. The findings confirm that morphopollinic traits differ amongst genera of Apocynaceous species. However, these features can be used to distinguish the Apocynaceous taxa. The results show that structural characteristics of pollen and pollinia can help accurately identify Apocynaceous species.
{"title":"Exploring intraspecific pollen morphology variation in Apocynaceae: A roadmap for horticultural innovation","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Trobjon Makhkamov, Oybek Mamarakhimov, Akramjon Yuldashev, Laziza Botirova, Dilshod Mamadiyarov, Shazia Sultana, Salman Majeed, Jamil Raza, Prem Kumar","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the pollen and pollinia morpho-structure of 18 horticultural Apocynaceous species. Advanced light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM) were used to elaborate on and examine the systematic importance of pollen and pollinia micromorphology. Pollen grains were first acetolysed, which was followed by visualisation of their sculpturing features. The quantified data were subjected to statistical tools to elucidate dendrogram clustering and principal component analysis to reveal pollen/pollinia morphotypes. The size of pollen is variable, ranging from 113.45 μm in <jats:italic>Cascabela thevetia</jats:italic> to 23.4 μm in <jats:italic>Alstonia scholaris.</jats:italic> The study revealed tetrad, tetraporate, and tricolporate grains. Sculpturing (exine ornamentation) varies from reticulate perforate to reticulate. Pollinum shape was observed to be narrow oblong, obovate, orbicular, and reniform. Reticulate-psilate sculptural features were prominent among pollinia surfaces. Based on examination, it was ascertained that the minimum exine thickness in <jats:italic>Periploca aphylla</jats:italic> was 4.9 μm, whereas the corresponding number in <jats:italic>Cryptolepis dubia</jats:italic> was 1.35 μm. Taxonomic identification keys were constructed separately based on pollen/pollinia characters to identify the Apocynaceous taxa. In the presented study, seven pollen shapes were observed: from oblate to per prolate. The findings confirm that morphopollinic traits differ amongst genera of Apocynaceous species. However, these features can be used to distinguish the Apocynaceous taxa. The results show that structural characteristics of pollen and pollinia can help accurately identify Apocynaceous species.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Cristina Alves Custódio, S. Pimenta, Fátima de Souza Gomes, N. S. Silva, B. Rodrigues, Fabrícia Cardoso Oliveira, Nelson de Abreu Delvaux Júnior, Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira
ABSTRACT Ornamental peppers have a significant economic importance in the national and international markets; however, few cultivars intended for this purpose are grown in Brazil. The objective of this study was to select partially inbred lines (PIL) of peppers with ornamental potential, based on quantitative and qualitative variables with high heritability. The study was conducted over six generations for 4 consecutive years, using the single seed descent method. The last phase (VI) consisted of growing plants of the F5 generation for selection. Qualitative (LD) and quantitative (QD) descriptors were considered and the ideal genotypes were defined. The statistical analyses consisted of estimating variance components and genetic parameters and predicting genetic values, using REML/BLUP for QD, except for cycle to flowering (CF) and cycle to maturation (CM), which were analysed qualitatively. Therefore, CF and CM were analysed through frequency distribution of continuous variables within class intervals. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate LD. The results showed that residual values exceeded genetic values, resulting in low heritability for QD, and therefore, they were not considered for PIL selection. Regarding LD, genetic variability was found among the population genotypes for all evaluated descriptors. The selection based on ideal genotypes enabled the selection of 82 PIL with LD of high ornamental value, which differ from the materials already available on the market. The selected genotypes will be used for developing future generations until allele fixation, focussed on subsequent selection of candidate lines for new ornamental pepper cultivars.
{"title":"Selection of ideal genotypes in peppers with ornamental potential","authors":"Gabriela Cristina Alves Custódio, S. Pimenta, Fátima de Souza Gomes, N. S. Silva, B. Rodrigues, Fabrícia Cardoso Oliveira, Nelson de Abreu Delvaux Júnior, Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ornamental peppers have a significant economic importance in the national and international markets; however, few cultivars intended for this purpose are grown in Brazil. The objective of this study was to select partially inbred lines (PIL) of peppers with ornamental potential, based on quantitative and qualitative variables with high heritability. The study was conducted over six generations for 4 consecutive years, using the single seed descent method. The last phase (VI) consisted of growing plants of the F5 generation for selection. Qualitative (LD) and quantitative (QD) descriptors were considered and the ideal genotypes were defined. The statistical analyses consisted of estimating variance components and genetic parameters and predicting genetic values, using REML/BLUP for QD, except for cycle to flowering (CF) and cycle to maturation (CM), which were analysed qualitatively. Therefore, CF and CM were analysed through frequency distribution of continuous variables within class intervals. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate LD. The results showed that residual values exceeded genetic values, resulting in low heritability for QD, and therefore, they were not considered for PIL selection. Regarding LD, genetic variability was found among the population genotypes for all evaluated descriptors. The selection based on ideal genotypes enabled the selection of 82 PIL with LD of high ornamental value, which differ from the materials already available on the market. The selected genotypes will be used for developing future generations until allele fixation, focussed on subsequent selection of candidate lines for new ornamental pepper cultivars.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarmila Neugebauerová, Eliška Hakalová, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jana Čechová, Jana Raddová, Dorota Tekielska, Robert Pokluda
Rhubarb (Rheum L.) is a well-known medicinal and culinary plant. Apart from its rich nutritional value, rhubarb contains a higher concentration of oxalates. In this study, the content of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA) within three rhubarb species (Rheum rhabarbarum, R. rhaponticum and R. palmatum × wittrockii) differentiated to 16 accessions in a gene bank rhubarb collection (Lednice, Czech Republic) in the condition of conventional production in the South Moravia region during the harvesting period was evaluated. While L-ascorbic acid is essential in human nutrition, oxalic acid is considered toxic, and high doses may cause serious health issues. AA and OA content, the morphology evaluation and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats)-based genetic analysis were performed. The results of this study confirm the significant influence of taxonomy and harvesting time on the content of AA in Rheum accessions. The content of AA was determined from 6 mg · 100 g-1 to 10 g · 100 g-1 fresh weight (FW) at the beginning of the harvesting season (May) up to 25 mg · 100 g-1 FW at the end of the harvesting period. The content of OA strongly varied from 300 mg · 100 g-1 to 1800 mg · 100 g-1 FW. Regarding the antinutrient character of oxalate, the optimal harvest period of this region was estimated to be from May to early June, when the OA content was the lowest. The role of AA as a precursor of oxalate formation in rhubarb was not affirmed by the results of this study.
大黄（Rheum L.）是一种著名的药用和烹饪植物。除了丰富的营养价值外，大黄还含有较高浓度的草酸盐。本研究评估了南摩拉维亚地区常规生产条件下，大黄基因库（捷克共和国莱德尼采）收集的 16 个大黄品种（Rheum rhabarbarum、R. rhaponticum 和 R. palmatum × wittrockii）在收获期的 L-抗坏血酸（AA）和草酸（OA）含量。左旋抗坏血酸是人体营养的必需品，而草酸被认为是有毒的，高剂量可能会导致严重的健康问题。研究人员对 AA 和 OA 含量、形态评估和基于 ISSR（简单序列间重复）的遗传分析进行了评估。研究结果证实，分类和采收时间对大黄的 AA 含量有显著影响。在采收季节（5 月）初期，AA 的含量为 6 毫克-100 克-1 至 10 克-100 克-1 鲜重（FW），采收期结束时，AA 的含量为 25 毫克-100 克-1 鲜重（FW）。OA 的含量变化很大，从 300 毫克-100 克-1 到 1800 毫克-100 克-1 鲜重不等。关于草酸盐的抗营养特性，该地区的最佳收获期估计为 5 月至 6 月初，此时 OA 含量最低。本研究结果并未证实 AA 是大黄中草酸盐形成的前体。
{"title":"Influence of Rheum taxa and harvesting date on the content of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the climatic conditions of South Moravia (Czech Republic)","authors":"Jarmila Neugebauerová, Eliška Hakalová, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jana Čechová, Jana Raddová, Dorota Tekielska, Robert Pokluda","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Rhubarb (<jats:italic>Rheum</jats:italic> L.) is a well-known medicinal and culinary plant. Apart from its rich nutritional value, rhubarb contains a higher concentration of oxalates. In this study, the content of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA) within three rhubarb species (<jats:italic>Rheum rhabarbarum, R. rhaponticum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. palmatum</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>wittrockii</jats:italic>) differentiated to 16 accessions in a gene bank rhubarb collection (Lednice, Czech Republic) in the condition of conventional production in the South Moravia region during the harvesting period was evaluated. While L-ascorbic acid is essential in human nutrition, oxalic acid is considered toxic, and high doses may cause serious health issues. AA and OA content, the morphology evaluation and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats)-based genetic analysis were performed. The results of this study confirm the significant influence of taxonomy and harvesting time on the content of AA in Rheum accessions. The content of AA was determined from 6 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> to 10 g · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> fresh weight (FW) at the beginning of the harvesting season (May) up to 25 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> FW at the end of the harvesting period. The content of OA strongly varied from 300 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> to 1800 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> FW. Regarding the antinutrient character of oxalate, the optimal harvest period of this region was estimated to be from May to early June, when the OA content was the lowest. The role of AA as a precursor of oxalate formation in rhubarb was not affirmed by the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of light, temperature, sucrose and PEG on the growth of Fragaria vesca in vitro and the expression of regulatory Myb10, WD40 and enzyme-coding genes CHI, CHS, DFR, EGL, F3H and UFGT, which are essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis. We observed plants’ response to osmotic stress, the decrease in growth and microshoot weight. A change in the expression of the investigated genes was evident under the suboptimal concentration of sucrose. The addition of PEG to the medium caused a decrease in microshoot weight and gene expression. Blue + red lights of the LED lighting system significantly affected microshoot growth in vitro. Red and blue + red + UV lights slightly reduced microshoot weight and caused a reddish colour of petioles, which indicate increased anthocyanin synthesis. Moreover, most of the studied genes’ expression tended to increase when shoots were exposed to blue, blue + red and blue + red + UV lights. A temperature of 15°C (vs 22°C) significantly reduced the mean fresh weight of microshoots while increasing CHI and CHS gene expression and decreasing WD40 gene expression. Exposure to a higher temperature (30°C) induced the vitrification of microshoots, although the fresh weight did not differ from that of the control. Gene expression also depended on the duration of exposure. In the case of CHS, gene expression remained the same or increased after exposure for 1 week and then decreased after exposure for 4 weeks.
{"title":"The effect of osmotic stress, lighting spectrum and temperature on growth and gene expression related to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in vitro","authors":"Jurgita Vinskienė, Vidmantas Bendokas, Vidmantas Stanys, Audrius Sasnauskas, Rytis Rugienius","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of light, temperature, sucrose and PEG on the growth of <jats:italic>Fragaria vesca in vitro</jats:italic> and the expression of regulatory <jats:italic>Myb10, WD40</jats:italic> and enzyme-coding genes <jats:italic>CHI, CHS, DFR, EGL, F3H</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>UFGT</jats:italic>, which are essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis. We observed plants’ response to osmotic stress, the decrease in growth and microshoot weight. A change in the expression of the investigated genes was evident under the suboptimal concentration of sucrose. The addition of PEG to the medium caused a decrease in microshoot weight and gene expression. Blue + red lights of the LED lighting system significantly affected microshoot growth <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>. Red and blue + red + UV lights slightly reduced microshoot weight and caused a reddish colour of petioles, which indicate increased anthocyanin synthesis. Moreover, most of the studied genes’ expression tended to increase when shoots were exposed to blue, blue + red and blue + red + UV lights. A temperature of 15°C (vs 22°C) significantly reduced the mean fresh weight of microshoots while increasing <jats:italic>CHI</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CHS</jats:italic> gene expression and decreasing <jats:italic>WD40</jats:italic> gene expression. Exposure to a higher temperature (30°C) induced the vitrification of microshoots, although the fresh weight did not differ from that of the control. Gene expression also depended on the duration of exposure. In the case of <jats:italic>CHS</jats:italic>, gene expression remained the same or increased after exposure for 1 week and then decreased after exposure for 4 weeks.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurettin Yilmaz, Fırat Islek, Seyda Cavusoglu, Tomáš Nečas, Ivo Ondrášek, Sezai Ercisli
Due to the short shelf life of fresh apricots, special postharvest preservation techniques and practices are necessary to avoid significant economic losses. The purpose of the current study is to bring to light an approach that can be used to extend the storage life of apricot fruits treated with essential oils (EOs) (peppermint, thyme and carob EO) and examine the effects of two altitudes (1000 m and 1200 m) on the organic acid levels and respiration rate of apricot fruit during long-term storage. The results show that growing apricots at high altitudes increases the level of organic acids in the fruit, improving its quality and extending its postharvest life. Additionally, treating apricots with EOs postharvest slows down the respiration rate, reducing the consumption of organic acids during storage compared to the untreated fruit. The organic acid content was significantly higher in ‘Kabaaşi’ than in ‘Hacihaliloğlu’, and fruit harvested at 1200 m had significantly higher levels of organic acid than the fruit harvested at 1000 m. During storage, the highest organic acid content and the lowest respiration rate were observed in the fruit of both cultivars treated with peppermint, carob, and thyme oil, as compared to control fruit, respectively. To summarize, the use of EOs as postharvest treatment for apricot is recommended for maintaining the quality of the fruit during extended storage.
{"title":"Effect of exogenous essential oil treatments on the storage behaviour of apricot fruit harvested at different altitudes","authors":"Nurettin Yilmaz, Fırat Islek, Seyda Cavusoglu, Tomáš Nečas, Ivo Ondrášek, Sezai Ercisli","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the short shelf life of fresh apricots, special postharvest preservation techniques and practices are necessary to avoid significant economic losses. The purpose of the current study is to bring to light an approach that can be used to extend the storage life of apricot fruits treated with essential oils (EOs) (peppermint, thyme and carob EO) and examine the effects of two altitudes (1000 m and 1200 m) on the organic acid levels and respiration rate of apricot fruit during long-term storage. The results show that growing apricots at high altitudes increases the level of organic acids in the fruit, improving its quality and extending its postharvest life. Additionally, treating apricots with EOs postharvest slows down the respiration rate, reducing the consumption of organic acids during storage compared to the untreated fruit. The organic acid content was significantly higher in ‘Kabaaşi’ than in ‘Hacihaliloğlu’, and fruit harvested at 1200 m had significantly higher levels of organic acid than the fruit harvested at 1000 m. During storage, the highest organic acid content and the lowest respiration rate were observed in the fruit of both cultivars treated with peppermint, carob, and thyme oil, as compared to control fruit, respectively. To summarize, the use of EOs as postharvest treatment for apricot is recommended for maintaining the quality of the fruit during extended storage.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula, Hugo Roldi Guariz, Kauê Alexandre Monteiro de Moraes, Gabriel Danilo Shimizu, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Halley Caixeta de Oliveira, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Anderson Espirito Santo Pereira
Brazil is home to a great diversity of species of the genus Dyckia. However, many of these species are threatened due to habitat destruction and predatory exploitation. An alternative to conserving these plants is sexual propagation using plant regulators to stimulate germination. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is an effective regulator in this process, but its instability and ease of degradation pose challenges. Therefore, nanoencapsulation of GA3 could be used to protect the molecule and allow controlled release. In this study, the effects of different doses of GA3 were evaluated on the germination of four species: D. cabrerae, D. dusenii, D. pottiorum and D. walteriana. The first stage consisted of soaking the seeds in different concentrations of GA3, in which the species D. dusenii and D. walteriana showed significant responses to GA3, with an increase from 35% to more than 60% germination. However, the species D. cabrerae and D. pottiorum responded positively to GA3 only in vegetative growth parameters. In the second stage, the use of nanoparticles of alginate/chitosan (NP ALG/CS) and chitosan/tripolyphosphate (NP CS/TPP) containing GA3 was compared with free GA3 and with NPs without GA3. It was verified that the use of nanoencapsulated GA3 resulted in a more efficient germination response in D. walteriana seeds, using smaller doses of the regulator (between 0.75 mg · L−1 and 1.0 mg · L−1), mainly with the ALG/ CS NPs. Therefore, the use of GA3 is recommended for D. dusenii and D. walteriana, and for the latter, nanoparticles containing ALG/CS-GA3 allow a reduction in the required dose.
{"title":"Enhanced germination of seeds native to Brazil: A comparative analysis between free and nanoencapsulated gibberellic acid in Dyckia sp. (Bromeliaceae)","authors":"Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula, Hugo Roldi Guariz, Kauê Alexandre Monteiro de Moraes, Gabriel Danilo Shimizu, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Halley Caixeta de Oliveira, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Anderson Espirito Santo Pereira","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil is home to a great diversity of species of the genus <jats:italic>Dyckia.</jats:italic> However, many of these species are threatened due to habitat destruction and predatory exploitation. An alternative to conserving these plants is sexual propagation using plant regulators to stimulate germination. Gibberellic acid (GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) is an effective regulator in this process, but its instability and ease of degradation pose challenges. Therefore, nanoencapsulation of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> could be used to protect the molecule and allow controlled release. In this study, the effects of different doses of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> were evaluated on the germination of four species: <jats:italic>D. cabrerae, D. dusenii, D. pottiorum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. walteriana.</jats:italic> The first stage consisted of soaking the seeds in different concentrations of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, in which the species <jats:italic>D. dusenii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. walteriana</jats:italic> showed significant responses to GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, with an increase from 35% to more than 60% germination. However, the species <jats:italic>D. cabrerae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. pottiorum</jats:italic> responded positively to GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> only in vegetative growth parameters. In the second stage, the use of nanoparticles of alginate/chitosan (NP ALG/CS) and chitosan/tripolyphosphate (NP CS/TPP) containing GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> was compared with free GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and with NPs without GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. It was verified that the use of nanoencapsulated GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> resulted in a more efficient germination response in <jats:italic>D. walteriana</jats:italic> seeds, using smaller doses of the regulator (between 0.75 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 1.0 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), mainly with the ALG/ CS NPs. Therefore, the use of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is recommended for <jats:italic>D. dusenii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. walteriana</jats:italic>, and for the latter, nanoparticles containing ALG/CS-GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> allow a reduction in the required dose.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belay Teweldemedhin Keleta, László Szalay, Márta Ladányi, Zsuzsanna Békefi
Flower bud development of fruit trees plays a key role in their climatic adaptation. It is closely related to dormancy release that determines winter frost susceptibility. Detailed characterisation of flower bud development of 25 almond (Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch) accessions representing wide range of flowering times have been performed by microsporogenesis and pistil growth studies for 3 years. Six developmental stages were distinguished in the process of microsporogenesis, while pistil development could be classified into four phases. The examined cultivars showed significant differences in the length and occurrence of microspore developmental stages and year effect was observed. On the basis of the length of microsporogenesis stages, cultivars were clustered into five main groups. The shortest periods of archesporium and microsporogenesis as a sum were detected in accessions ‘Eriane’, ‘5/15’ and ‘1/7’ (with an average of 20 and 138 days in all three), while the longest ones were determined in ‘Constanti’ and ‘Vairo’ (65 and 160 days in both), respectively. The increment of pistil length was suspended during the dormancy period and after dormancy release, it was accelerated first at a slow rate followed by a few days of rapid growth prior to blooming. In order to determine the date of endodormancy release, these three methods – microsporogenesis, pistil length studies, and forcing of shoots – were analysed. All methods revealed significant differences among accessions. The dormancy release estimated by microsporogenesis studies showed the highest variability among the three methods used.
果树的花芽发育在果树的气候适应中起着关键作用。冬眠释放与冬季霜冻易感性密切相关。通过3年的小孢子发生和雌蕊生长研究，对25份不同花期的杏仁(Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch)材料的花芽发育进行了详细的表征。小孢子发生过程可分为6个发育阶段，雌蕊发育可分为4个发育阶段。不同品种的小孢子发育阶段和年效应在长度和数量上存在显著差异。根据小孢子发生阶段的长短，品种可分为五大类群。原始孢子和小孢子发生周期最短的是‘Eriane’、‘5/15’和‘1/7’，平均为20天和138天，最长的是‘Constanti’和‘Vairo’，分别为65天和160天。休眠期间雌蕊长度的增长处于停滞状态，休眠解除后，雌蕊长度的增长先缓慢加速，然后在开花前几天快速增长。为了确定内胚期释放的日期，对小孢子发生、雌蕊长度和芽力三种方法进行了分析。所有方法均显示不同品种间存在显著差异。在三种方法中，由小孢子发生研究估计的休眠释放的变异性最大。
{"title":"Flower bud development of almond cultivars based on three different methods","authors":"Belay Teweldemedhin Keleta, László Szalay, Márta Ladányi, Zsuzsanna Békefi","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Flower bud development of fruit trees plays a key role in their climatic adaptation. It is closely related to dormancy release that determines winter frost susceptibility. Detailed characterisation of flower bud development of 25 almond (<jats:italic>Prunus amygdalus</jats:italic> L. Batsch) accessions representing wide range of flowering times have been performed by microsporogenesis and pistil growth studies for 3 years. Six developmental stages were distinguished in the process of microsporogenesis, while pistil development could be classified into four phases. The examined cultivars showed significant differences in the length and occurrence of microspore developmental stages and year effect was observed. On the basis of the length of microsporogenesis stages, cultivars were clustered into five main groups. The shortest periods of archesporium and microsporogenesis as a sum were detected in accessions ‘Eriane’, ‘5/15’ and ‘1/7’ (with an average of 20 and 138 days in all three), while the longest ones were determined in ‘Constanti’ and ‘Vairo’ (65 and 160 days in both), respectively. The increment of pistil length was suspended during the dormancy period and after dormancy release, it was accelerated first at a slow rate followed by a few days of rapid growth prior to blooming. In order to determine the date of endodormancy release, these three methods – microsporogenesis, pistil length studies, and forcing of shoots – were analysed. All methods revealed significant differences among accessions. The dormancy release estimated by microsporogenesis studies showed the highest variability among the three methods used.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayman Turk, Solip Lee, Hak Hyun Lee, Sang Won Yeon, Se Hwan Ryu, Geum Hee Seo, Hyun You Chang, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi Kyeong Lee
ABSTRACT Morchella fluvialis , a morel mushroom, is one of the most famous edible mushrooms all over the world. Interest in this mushroom is steadily increasing due to its organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The methanolic extract of M. fluvialis showed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities in an assay system. Therefore, the purification and characterisation of bioactive metabolites and evaluation of biological activity were conducted. Fractionation of the M. fluvialis extract resulted in the isolation of nine compounds, namely, three fatty acids, (9 Z ,12 Z )-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid, 1), (9 Z ,12 Z )-3-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (2) and (6 Z ,9 Z )-13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (3); four sterols, stellasterol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5), ergosterol (6) and brassicasterol (7); one sugar alcohol, arabitol (8); and nicotinamide (9). Among them, compounds 2–3 and 7 were first reported from Morchella . In addition, compound 1 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with an IC 50 value of 14.8 μM. The content of compound 1, the major compound, was 1.2 mg · g –1 extract, as quantitated by HPLC analysis, which was lower than the IC 50 value of compound 1. Therefore, M. fluvialis can benefit from diabetes and related diseases through the synergistic effect of linoleic acid (1) and other ingredients.
{"title":"α-Glucosidase inhibitory fatty acids from <i>Morchella fluvialis</i> mushroom","authors":"Ayman Turk, Solip Lee, Hak Hyun Lee, Sang Won Yeon, Se Hwan Ryu, Geum Hee Seo, Hyun You Chang, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi Kyeong Lee","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Morchella fluvialis , a morel mushroom, is one of the most famous edible mushrooms all over the world. Interest in this mushroom is steadily increasing due to its organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The methanolic extract of M. fluvialis showed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities in an assay system. Therefore, the purification and characterisation of bioactive metabolites and evaluation of biological activity were conducted. Fractionation of the M. fluvialis extract resulted in the isolation of nine compounds, namely, three fatty acids, (9 Z ,12 Z )-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid, 1), (9 Z ,12 Z )-3-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (2) and (6 Z ,9 Z )-13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (3); four sterols, stellasterol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5), ergosterol (6) and brassicasterol (7); one sugar alcohol, arabitol (8); and nicotinamide (9). Among them, compounds 2–3 and 7 were first reported from Morchella . In addition, compound 1 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with an IC 50 value of 14.8 μM. The content of compound 1, the major compound, was 1.2 mg · g –1 extract, as quantitated by HPLC analysis, which was lower than the IC 50 value of compound 1. Therefore, M. fluvialis can benefit from diabetes and related diseases through the synergistic effect of linoleic acid (1) and other ingredients.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed F. Abd El-Khalek, Mosaad A. El-Kenawy, Bassam E. Belal, Islam F. Hassan, Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
ABSTRACT There is a high retail demand for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Cluster shape, berry size, colour, and sugar contents influence the overall fruit quality and marketability. In many commercial vineyards of flood-irrigated clay soils under warm and humid semi-arid climates, adequate irrigation may lead to an enhanced fruit set that could potentially be associated with restricted berry growth, compact clusters, and poor berry colour and taste. To assess the role of some agronomic practices that may influence the canopy microclimate, and affect primary and secondary metabolites, seven treatments arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) system with three replicates each (three vines per replicate) were applied as follow; the control (T1), 5-leaf basal defoliation at pre-bloom (BDPB) (T2), BDPB + foliar spray (FS) of 200 mg · L –1 salicylic acid (SA) (T3), BDPB + FS of 20 mg · L –1 cyanocobalamin (CCA) (T4), 5-leaf basal defoliation at full bloom (BDFB) (T5), BDFP + SA (T6) and BDFB + CCA (T7). Foliar applications were applied at 1) 2 weeks after the beginning of vegetative growth, 2) full bloom and 3) veraison stages. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the principle component analysis (PCA) and the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that BDPB (T2) generally has a better effect than that of BDFB (T5). The most pronounced effect on vegetative growth (shoot length and leaf area), photosynthesis activity (leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents), fruit weight and dimensions, and total yield was observed in the case of T3, followed by T6, whereas concerning berry firmness, colour (anthocyanins) and sensory characteristics (soluble solids: acids ratio, total sugars and phenols), the most pronounced effect was observed in the case of T4, followed by T7.
“深红无籽”葡萄的零售需求量很大。簇形、浆果大小、颜色和含糖量影响果实的整体品质和适销性。在温暖湿润的半干旱气候下，许多商业葡萄园采用洪水灌溉的粘土土壤，适当的灌溉可能会导致结实的果实，这可能与浆果生长受限、丛穗紧凑、浆果颜色和味道差有关。为了评估一些可能影响冠层小气候和影响初级和次级代谢物的农艺措施的作用，在随机完全区组设计(RCBD)系统中安排了7个处理，每个处理3个重复(每个重复3个藤蔓)，如下:对照(T1)、开花前5叶基落叶(BDPB) (T2)、BDPB + 200 mg·L -1水杨酸(SA)叶面喷雾(FS) (T3)、BDPB + 20 mg·L -1氰钴胺(CCA)叶面喷雾(T4)、开花前5叶基落叶(BDFB) (T5)、BDFP + SA (T6)和BDFB + CCA (T7)。叶面施药时间分别为:营养生长开始后2周、花期开始后2周、花期结束后3周。方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)和双向层次聚类分析(HCA)表明，BDPB (T2)总体效果优于BDFB (T5)。对营养生长(茎长和叶面积)、光合活性(叶片叶绿素和碳水化合物含量)、果实重量和尺寸以及总产量的影响最显著的是T3，其次是T6;而对浆果硬度、颜色(花青素)和感官特性(可溶性固形物:酸比、总糖和酚)的影响最显著的是T4，其次是T7。
{"title":"Basal defoliation, salicylic acid and cyanocobalamin to ameliorate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of flood-irrigated ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapevines in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate","authors":"Ahmed F. Abd El-Khalek, Mosaad A. El-Kenawy, Bassam E. Belal, Islam F. Hassan, Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a high retail demand for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Cluster shape, berry size, colour, and sugar contents influence the overall fruit quality and marketability. In many commercial vineyards of flood-irrigated clay soils under warm and humid semi-arid climates, adequate irrigation may lead to an enhanced fruit set that could potentially be associated with restricted berry growth, compact clusters, and poor berry colour and taste. To assess the role of some agronomic practices that may influence the canopy microclimate, and affect primary and secondary metabolites, seven treatments arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) system with three replicates each (three vines per replicate) were applied as follow; the control (T1), 5-leaf basal defoliation at pre-bloom (BDPB) (T2), BDPB + foliar spray (FS) of 200 mg · L –1 salicylic acid (SA) (T3), BDPB + FS of 20 mg · L –1 cyanocobalamin (CCA) (T4), 5-leaf basal defoliation at full bloom (BDFB) (T5), BDFP + SA (T6) and BDFB + CCA (T7). Foliar applications were applied at 1) 2 weeks after the beginning of vegetative growth, 2) full bloom and 3) veraison stages. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the principle component analysis (PCA) and the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that BDPB (T2) generally has a better effect than that of BDFB (T5). The most pronounced effect on vegetative growth (shoot length and leaf area), photosynthesis activity (leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents), fruit weight and dimensions, and total yield was observed in the case of T3, followed by T6, whereas concerning berry firmness, colour (anthocyanins) and sensory characteristics (soluble solids: acids ratio, total sugars and phenols), the most pronounced effect was observed in the case of T4, followed by T7.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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