Nurettin Yilmaz, Fırat Islek, Seyda Cavusoglu, Tomáš Nečas, Ivo Ondrášek, Sezai Ercisli
Due to the short shelf life of fresh apricots, special postharvest preservation techniques and practices are necessary to avoid significant economic losses. The purpose of the current study is to bring to light an approach that can be used to extend the storage life of apricot fruits treated with essential oils (EOs) (peppermint, thyme and carob EO) and examine the effects of two altitudes (1000 m and 1200 m) on the organic acid levels and respiration rate of apricot fruit during long-term storage. The results show that growing apricots at high altitudes increases the level of organic acids in the fruit, improving its quality and extending its postharvest life. Additionally, treating apricots with EOs postharvest slows down the respiration rate, reducing the consumption of organic acids during storage compared to the untreated fruit. The organic acid content was significantly higher in ‘Kabaaşi’ than in ‘Hacihaliloğlu’, and fruit harvested at 1200 m had significantly higher levels of organic acid than the fruit harvested at 1000 m. During storage, the highest organic acid content and the lowest respiration rate were observed in the fruit of both cultivars treated with peppermint, carob, and thyme oil, as compared to control fruit, respectively. To summarize, the use of EOs as postharvest treatment for apricot is recommended for maintaining the quality of the fruit during extended storage.
{"title":"Effect of exogenous essential oil treatments on the storage behaviour of apricot fruit harvested at different altitudes","authors":"Nurettin Yilmaz, Fırat Islek, Seyda Cavusoglu, Tomáš Nečas, Ivo Ondrášek, Sezai Ercisli","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the short shelf life of fresh apricots, special postharvest preservation techniques and practices are necessary to avoid significant economic losses. The purpose of the current study is to bring to light an approach that can be used to extend the storage life of apricot fruits treated with essential oils (EOs) (peppermint, thyme and carob EO) and examine the effects of two altitudes (1000 m and 1200 m) on the organic acid levels and respiration rate of apricot fruit during long-term storage. The results show that growing apricots at high altitudes increases the level of organic acids in the fruit, improving its quality and extending its postharvest life. Additionally, treating apricots with EOs postharvest slows down the respiration rate, reducing the consumption of organic acids during storage compared to the untreated fruit. The organic acid content was significantly higher in ‘Kabaaşi’ than in ‘Hacihaliloğlu’, and fruit harvested at 1200 m had significantly higher levels of organic acid than the fruit harvested at 1000 m. During storage, the highest organic acid content and the lowest respiration rate were observed in the fruit of both cultivars treated with peppermint, carob, and thyme oil, as compared to control fruit, respectively. To summarize, the use of EOs as postharvest treatment for apricot is recommended for maintaining the quality of the fruit during extended storage.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effectiveness of computer-based auditory training on speech-in-noise perception in adults. With no language restriction, 11 databases were searched from 1990 to 2020. We included any clinical trial studies with concurrent comparison groups that examined the effectiveness of computer-based auditory training programs in adults. The primary outcome was a speech in noise perception that was estimated using the "difference pretest-posttest-control" index (dppc2). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials. The certainty of the evidence was investigated using the GRADE in two primary outcomes. Twenty three studies were included in two subgroups based on primary outcome: 12 studies with speech perception threshold and 11 studies with speech-in-noise test scores. Computer-based auditory training resulted in a speech in noise perception improvement (dppc2: -0.69, 95%CI: -1.11 to -0.26; I2 = 69.6%, p = 0.00) and (dppc2: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.38-1.03, I2: 17.8%, p = 0.27) respectively in both subgroups. 19 studies were judged to have a high risk of bias and 3 studies had a low risk of bias and the strength of the evidence was low in both primary outcomes. This finding indicates that computer-based auditory training can be a moderately effective intervention for speech-in-noise perception in adults. However, due to the low quality of primary studies and the low certainty of the evidence, the results are not yet definite. Prospero registration number: CRD42021233193.
Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03920-0.
目的:探讨计算机听觉训练对成人噪音中言语感知的影响。在没有语言限制的情况下，从1990年到2020年检索了11个数据库。我们纳入了所有的临床试验研究，并同时进行了比较，以检验成人计算机听觉训练计划的有效性。主要结果是使用“前测试-后测试-控制”指数(dppc2)估计噪声感知中的语音。使用Cochrane协作工具评估随机试验的偏倚风险。在两个主要结局中使用GRADE来调查证据的确定性。23项研究根据主要结局分为两个亚组:12项研究具有语音感知阈值，11项研究具有语音噪声测试分数。基于计算机的听觉训练导致语音噪音感知改善(dppc2: -0.69, 95%CI: -1.11至-0.26;I2 = 69.6%， p = 0.00)和(dppc2: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.38-1.03, I2: 17.8%， p = 0.27)。19项研究被判定为有高偏倚风险，3项研究有低偏倚风险，两个主要结局的证据强度都很低。这一发现表明，以计算机为基础的听觉训练可以作为一种适度有效的干预措施，用于成人的噪音语音感知。然而，由于初步研究的质量较低，证据的确定性较低，结果尚不明确。普洛斯彼罗注册号:CRD42021233193。补充资料:在线版本提供补充资料，网址为10.1007/s12070-023-03920-0。
{"title":"The Effect of Computer-Based Auditory Training on Speech-in-Noise Perception in Adults: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tayyebe Fallahnezhad, Akram Pourbakht, Reyhane Toufan","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-03920-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-03920-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the effectiveness of computer-based auditory training on speech-in-noise perception in adults. With no language restriction, 11 databases were searched from 1990 to 2020. We included any clinical trial studies with concurrent comparison groups that examined the effectiveness of computer-based auditory training programs in adults. The primary outcome was a speech in noise perception that was estimated using the \"difference pretest-posttest-control\" index (d<sub>ppc</sub><sup>2</sup>). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials. The certainty of the evidence was investigated using the GRADE in two primary outcomes. Twenty three studies were included in two subgroups based on primary outcome: 12 studies with speech perception threshold and 11 studies with speech-in-noise test scores. Computer-based auditory training resulted in a speech in noise perception improvement (dppc<sup>2</sup>: -0.69, 95%CI: -1.11 to -0.26; I<sup>2</sup> = 69.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.00) and (dppc<sup>2</sup>: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.38-1.03, I2: 17.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.27) respectively in both subgroups. 19 studies were judged to have a high risk of bias and 3 studies had a low risk of bias and the strength of the evidence was low in both primary outcomes. This finding indicates that computer-based auditory training can be a moderately effective intervention for speech-in-noise perception in adults. However, due to the low quality of primary studies and the low certainty of the evidence, the results are not yet definite. Prospero registration number: CRD42021233193.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03920-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"33 1","pages":"4198-4211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78020186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula, Hugo Roldi Guariz, Kauê Alexandre Monteiro de Moraes, Gabriel Danilo Shimizu, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Halley Caixeta de Oliveira, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Anderson Espirito Santo Pereira
Brazil is home to a great diversity of species of the genus Dyckia. However, many of these species are threatened due to habitat destruction and predatory exploitation. An alternative to conserving these plants is sexual propagation using plant regulators to stimulate germination. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is an effective regulator in this process, but its instability and ease of degradation pose challenges. Therefore, nanoencapsulation of GA3 could be used to protect the molecule and allow controlled release. In this study, the effects of different doses of GA3 were evaluated on the germination of four species: D. cabrerae, D. dusenii, D. pottiorum and D. walteriana. The first stage consisted of soaking the seeds in different concentrations of GA3, in which the species D. dusenii and D. walteriana showed significant responses to GA3, with an increase from 35% to more than 60% germination. However, the species D. cabrerae and D. pottiorum responded positively to GA3 only in vegetative growth parameters. In the second stage, the use of nanoparticles of alginate/chitosan (NP ALG/CS) and chitosan/tripolyphosphate (NP CS/TPP) containing GA3 was compared with free GA3 and with NPs without GA3. It was verified that the use of nanoencapsulated GA3 resulted in a more efficient germination response in D. walteriana seeds, using smaller doses of the regulator (between 0.75 mg · L−1 and 1.0 mg · L−1), mainly with the ALG/ CS NPs. Therefore, the use of GA3 is recommended for D. dusenii and D. walteriana, and for the latter, nanoparticles containing ALG/CS-GA3 allow a reduction in the required dose.
{"title":"Enhanced germination of seeds native to Brazil: A comparative analysis between free and nanoencapsulated gibberellic acid in Dyckia sp. (Bromeliaceae)","authors":"Jean Carlo Baudraz de Paula, Hugo Roldi Guariz, Kauê Alexandre Monteiro de Moraes, Gabriel Danilo Shimizu, Ricardo Tadeu de Faria, Halley Caixeta de Oliveira, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Anderson Espirito Santo Pereira","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Brazil is home to a great diversity of species of the genus <jats:italic>Dyckia.</jats:italic> However, many of these species are threatened due to habitat destruction and predatory exploitation. An alternative to conserving these plants is sexual propagation using plant regulators to stimulate germination. Gibberellic acid (GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) is an effective regulator in this process, but its instability and ease of degradation pose challenges. Therefore, nanoencapsulation of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> could be used to protect the molecule and allow controlled release. In this study, the effects of different doses of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> were evaluated on the germination of four species: <jats:italic>D. cabrerae, D. dusenii, D. pottiorum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. walteriana.</jats:italic> The first stage consisted of soaking the seeds in different concentrations of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, in which the species <jats:italic>D. dusenii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. walteriana</jats:italic> showed significant responses to GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, with an increase from 35% to more than 60% germination. However, the species <jats:italic>D. cabrerae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. pottiorum</jats:italic> responded positively to GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> only in vegetative growth parameters. In the second stage, the use of nanoparticles of alginate/chitosan (NP ALG/CS) and chitosan/tripolyphosphate (NP CS/TPP) containing GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> was compared with free GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> and with NPs without GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>. It was verified that the use of nanoencapsulated GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> resulted in a more efficient germination response in <jats:italic>D. walteriana</jats:italic> seeds, using smaller doses of the regulator (between 0.75 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> and 1.0 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), mainly with the ALG/ CS NPs. Therefore, the use of GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> is recommended for <jats:italic>D. dusenii</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>D. walteriana</jats:italic>, and for the latter, nanoparticles containing ALG/CS-GA<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> allow a reduction in the required dose.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"126 S184","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Belay Teweldemedhin Keleta, László Szalay, Márta Ladányi, Zsuzsanna Békefi
Flower bud development of fruit trees plays a key role in their climatic adaptation. It is closely related to dormancy release that determines winter frost susceptibility. Detailed characterisation of flower bud development of 25 almond (Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch) accessions representing wide range of flowering times have been performed by microsporogenesis and pistil growth studies for 3 years. Six developmental stages were distinguished in the process of microsporogenesis, while pistil development could be classified into four phases. The examined cultivars showed significant differences in the length and occurrence of microspore developmental stages and year effect was observed. On the basis of the length of microsporogenesis stages, cultivars were clustered into five main groups. The shortest periods of archesporium and microsporogenesis as a sum were detected in accessions ‘Eriane’, ‘5/15’ and ‘1/7’ (with an average of 20 and 138 days in all three), while the longest ones were determined in ‘Constanti’ and ‘Vairo’ (65 and 160 days in both), respectively. The increment of pistil length was suspended during the dormancy period and after dormancy release, it was accelerated first at a slow rate followed by a few days of rapid growth prior to blooming. In order to determine the date of endodormancy release, these three methods – microsporogenesis, pistil length studies, and forcing of shoots – were analysed. All methods revealed significant differences among accessions. The dormancy release estimated by microsporogenesis studies showed the highest variability among the three methods used.
果树的花芽发育在果树的气候适应中起着关键作用。冬眠释放与冬季霜冻易感性密切相关。通过3年的小孢子发生和雌蕊生长研究，对25份不同花期的杏仁(Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch)材料的花芽发育进行了详细的表征。小孢子发生过程可分为6个发育阶段，雌蕊发育可分为4个发育阶段。不同品种的小孢子发育阶段和年效应在长度和数量上存在显著差异。根据小孢子发生阶段的长短，品种可分为五大类群。原始孢子和小孢子发生周期最短的是‘Eriane’、‘5/15’和‘1/7’，平均为20天和138天，最长的是‘Constanti’和‘Vairo’，分别为65天和160天。休眠期间雌蕊长度的增长处于停滞状态，休眠解除后，雌蕊长度的增长先缓慢加速，然后在开花前几天快速增长。为了确定内胚期释放的日期，对小孢子发生、雌蕊长度和芽力三种方法进行了分析。所有方法均显示不同品种间存在显著差异。在三种方法中，由小孢子发生研究估计的休眠释放的变异性最大。
{"title":"Flower bud development of almond cultivars based on three different methods","authors":"Belay Teweldemedhin Keleta, László Szalay, Márta Ladányi, Zsuzsanna Békefi","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Flower bud development of fruit trees plays a key role in their climatic adaptation. It is closely related to dormancy release that determines winter frost susceptibility. Detailed characterisation of flower bud development of 25 almond (<jats:italic>Prunus amygdalus</jats:italic> L. Batsch) accessions representing wide range of flowering times have been performed by microsporogenesis and pistil growth studies for 3 years. Six developmental stages were distinguished in the process of microsporogenesis, while pistil development could be classified into four phases. The examined cultivars showed significant differences in the length and occurrence of microspore developmental stages and year effect was observed. On the basis of the length of microsporogenesis stages, cultivars were clustered into five main groups. The shortest periods of archesporium and microsporogenesis as a sum were detected in accessions ‘Eriane’, ‘5/15’ and ‘1/7’ (with an average of 20 and 138 days in all three), while the longest ones were determined in ‘Constanti’ and ‘Vairo’ (65 and 160 days in both), respectively. The increment of pistil length was suspended during the dormancy period and after dormancy release, it was accelerated first at a slow rate followed by a few days of rapid growth prior to blooming. In order to determine the date of endodormancy release, these three methods – microsporogenesis, pistil length studies, and forcing of shoots – were analysed. All methods revealed significant differences among accessions. The dormancy release estimated by microsporogenesis studies showed the highest variability among the three methods used.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"123 S167","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayman Turk, Solip Lee, Hak Hyun Lee, Sang Won Yeon, Se Hwan Ryu, Geum Hee Seo, Hyun You Chang, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi Kyeong Lee
ABSTRACT Morchella fluvialis , a morel mushroom, is one of the most famous edible mushrooms all over the world. Interest in this mushroom is steadily increasing due to its organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The methanolic extract of M. fluvialis showed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities in an assay system. Therefore, the purification and characterisation of bioactive metabolites and evaluation of biological activity were conducted. Fractionation of the M. fluvialis extract resulted in the isolation of nine compounds, namely, three fatty acids, (9 Z ,12 Z )-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid, 1), (9 Z ,12 Z )-3-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (2) and (6 Z ,9 Z )-13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (3); four sterols, stellasterol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5), ergosterol (6) and brassicasterol (7); one sugar alcohol, arabitol (8); and nicotinamide (9). Among them, compounds 2–3 and 7 were first reported from Morchella . In addition, compound 1 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with an IC 50 value of 14.8 μM. The content of compound 1, the major compound, was 1.2 mg · g –1 extract, as quantitated by HPLC analysis, which was lower than the IC 50 value of compound 1. Therefore, M. fluvialis can benefit from diabetes and related diseases through the synergistic effect of linoleic acid (1) and other ingredients.
{"title":"α-Glucosidase inhibitory fatty acids from <i>Morchella fluvialis</i> mushroom","authors":"Ayman Turk, Solip Lee, Hak Hyun Lee, Sang Won Yeon, Se Hwan Ryu, Geum Hee Seo, Hyun You Chang, Bang Yeon Hwang, Mi Kyeong Lee","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Morchella fluvialis , a morel mushroom, is one of the most famous edible mushrooms all over the world. Interest in this mushroom is steadily increasing due to its organoleptic properties and nutritional value. The methanolic extract of M. fluvialis showed α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities in an assay system. Therefore, the purification and characterisation of bioactive metabolites and evaluation of biological activity were conducted. Fractionation of the M. fluvialis extract resulted in the isolation of nine compounds, namely, three fatty acids, (9 Z ,12 Z )-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid, 1), (9 Z ,12 Z )-3-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (2) and (6 Z ,9 Z )-13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (3); four sterols, stellasterol (4), ergosterol peroxide (5), ergosterol (6) and brassicasterol (7); one sugar alcohol, arabitol (8); and nicotinamide (9). Among them, compounds 2–3 and 7 were first reported from Morchella . In addition, compound 1 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibition, with an IC 50 value of 14.8 μM. The content of compound 1, the major compound, was 1.2 mg · g –1 extract, as quantitated by HPLC analysis, which was lower than the IC 50 value of compound 1. Therefore, M. fluvialis can benefit from diabetes and related diseases through the synergistic effect of linoleic acid (1) and other ingredients.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed F. Abd El-Khalek, Mosaad A. El-Kenawy, Bassam E. Belal, Islam F. Hassan, Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
ABSTRACT There is a high retail demand for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Cluster shape, berry size, colour, and sugar contents influence the overall fruit quality and marketability. In many commercial vineyards of flood-irrigated clay soils under warm and humid semi-arid climates, adequate irrigation may lead to an enhanced fruit set that could potentially be associated with restricted berry growth, compact clusters, and poor berry colour and taste. To assess the role of some agronomic practices that may influence the canopy microclimate, and affect primary and secondary metabolites, seven treatments arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) system with three replicates each (three vines per replicate) were applied as follow; the control (T1), 5-leaf basal defoliation at pre-bloom (BDPB) (T2), BDPB + foliar spray (FS) of 200 mg · L –1 salicylic acid (SA) (T3), BDPB + FS of 20 mg · L –1 cyanocobalamin (CCA) (T4), 5-leaf basal defoliation at full bloom (BDFB) (T5), BDFP + SA (T6) and BDFB + CCA (T7). Foliar applications were applied at 1) 2 weeks after the beginning of vegetative growth, 2) full bloom and 3) veraison stages. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the principle component analysis (PCA) and the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that BDPB (T2) generally has a better effect than that of BDFB (T5). The most pronounced effect on vegetative growth (shoot length and leaf area), photosynthesis activity (leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents), fruit weight and dimensions, and total yield was observed in the case of T3, followed by T6, whereas concerning berry firmness, colour (anthocyanins) and sensory characteristics (soluble solids: acids ratio, total sugars and phenols), the most pronounced effect was observed in the case of T4, followed by T7.
“深红无籽”葡萄的零售需求量很大。簇形、浆果大小、颜色和含糖量影响果实的整体品质和适销性。在温暖湿润的半干旱气候下，许多商业葡萄园采用洪水灌溉的粘土土壤，适当的灌溉可能会导致结实的果实，这可能与浆果生长受限、丛穗紧凑、浆果颜色和味道差有关。为了评估一些可能影响冠层小气候和影响初级和次级代谢物的农艺措施的作用，在随机完全区组设计(RCBD)系统中安排了7个处理，每个处理3个重复(每个重复3个藤蔓)，如下:对照(T1)、开花前5叶基落叶(BDPB) (T2)、BDPB + 200 mg·L -1水杨酸(SA)叶面喷雾(FS) (T3)、BDPB + 20 mg·L -1氰钴胺(CCA)叶面喷雾(T4)、开花前5叶基落叶(BDFB) (T5)、BDFP + SA (T6)和BDFB + CCA (T7)。叶面施药时间分别为:营养生长开始后2周、花期开始后2周、花期结束后3周。方差分析(ANOVA)、主成分分析(PCA)和双向层次聚类分析(HCA)表明，BDPB (T2)总体效果优于BDFB (T5)。对营养生长(茎长和叶面积)、光合活性(叶片叶绿素和碳水化合物含量)、果实重量和尺寸以及总产量的影响最显著的是T3，其次是T6;而对浆果硬度、颜色(花青素)和感官特性(可溶性固形物:酸比、总糖和酚)的影响最显著的是T4，其次是T7。
{"title":"Basal defoliation, salicylic acid and cyanocobalamin to ameliorate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of flood-irrigated ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapevines in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate","authors":"Ahmed F. Abd El-Khalek, Mosaad A. El-Kenawy, Bassam E. Belal, Islam F. Hassan, Harlene M. Hatterman-Valenti, Shamel M. Alam-Eldein","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a high retail demand for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Cluster shape, berry size, colour, and sugar contents influence the overall fruit quality and marketability. In many commercial vineyards of flood-irrigated clay soils under warm and humid semi-arid climates, adequate irrigation may lead to an enhanced fruit set that could potentially be associated with restricted berry growth, compact clusters, and poor berry colour and taste. To assess the role of some agronomic practices that may influence the canopy microclimate, and affect primary and secondary metabolites, seven treatments arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) system with three replicates each (three vines per replicate) were applied as follow; the control (T1), 5-leaf basal defoliation at pre-bloom (BDPB) (T2), BDPB + foliar spray (FS) of 200 mg · L –1 salicylic acid (SA) (T3), BDPB + FS of 20 mg · L –1 cyanocobalamin (CCA) (T4), 5-leaf basal defoliation at full bloom (BDFB) (T5), BDFP + SA (T6) and BDFB + CCA (T7). Foliar applications were applied at 1) 2 weeks after the beginning of vegetative growth, 2) full bloom and 3) veraison stages. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the principle component analysis (PCA) and the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that BDPB (T2) generally has a better effect than that of BDFB (T5). The most pronounced effect on vegetative growth (shoot length and leaf area), photosynthesis activity (leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents), fruit weight and dimensions, and total yield was observed in the case of T3, followed by T6, whereas concerning berry firmness, colour (anthocyanins) and sensory characteristics (soluble solids: acids ratio, total sugars and phenols), the most pronounced effect was observed in the case of T4, followed by T7.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135719203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jakub Humaj, Karolina Kostelnikova, J. Sochor, M. Kumsta, M. Baroň
ABSTRACT This paper describes research conducted on the polyphenolic compounds found in wine and different parts of the grapevine. The research consisted of two experiments. In the first, extracts of polyphenols from the leaves, stems, skins and seeds were measured. In the second, these parts were macerated and left in the must during fermentation. For this experiment, the Souvignier gris wine grape variety was used. In both cases, 33 polyphenolic compounds were measured. These measurements were made using the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Based on the results, the individual concentrations of all the polyphenolic compounds in different parts of the plant were measured. Addition of the individual parts of the grapevine to the must during fermentation was shown to increase the concentration of the individual polyphenols in the wine. It is therefore important not to forget the importance of the stems and the maceration of the grapes during the winemaking process.
{"title":"Study of polyphenolic compounds in wines and different parts of the grapevine","authors":"Jakub Humaj, Karolina Kostelnikova, J. Sochor, M. Kumsta, M. Baroň","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper describes research conducted on the polyphenolic compounds found in wine and different parts of the grapevine. The research consisted of two experiments. In the first, extracts of polyphenols from the leaves, stems, skins and seeds were measured. In the second, these parts were macerated and left in the must during fermentation. For this experiment, the Souvignier gris wine grape variety was used. In both cases, 33 polyphenolic compounds were measured. These measurements were made using the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Based on the results, the individual concentrations of all the polyphenolic compounds in different parts of the plant were measured. Addition of the individual parts of the grapevine to the must during fermentation was shown to increase the concentration of the individual polyphenols in the wine. It is therefore important not to forget the importance of the stems and the maceration of the grapes during the winemaking process.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47691378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Impatiens is rich in germplasm resources, with more than 260 species in China. A study on the pollen micromorphology of Impatiens by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the pollen characteristics were richly diverse, and there was some correlation among the characteristics. In addition, the micromorphological index can be used for an effective cluster analysis of Impatiens. However, there was high interspecific similarity in some Impatiens, and the classification of Impatiens cannot be accurate to the species using pollen characteristics. Based on the classification conditions of Impatiens, the characteristics of the pollen structure were found to be useful to classify Impatiens into subgenera or smaller groups. The macroscopic characteristics and the number of sepals (NS) were used as references, which enabled the conclusion that there were 11 indices in the pollen micromorphological index, and the taxonomic effect was greater than the NS. In summary, the pollen micromorphology of Impatiens plays an important role in the classification of Impatiens. The purpose of this study was to explore this characteristic of Impatiens, which has some reference significance to supplement the pollen characteristics and palynological classification of Impatiens. The goal for this research was to aid in the interspecific identification and genetic breeding of Impatiens.
{"title":"Studies of the pollen characteristics and the taxonomic significance of Impatiens from the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau","authors":"Hai-hao He, Ming-lan Ma, Xin-yi Chen, Xin-yi Li, Fan Li, Qiu-yan Zhao, Xiao-shuai He, Yi Tan, Su-ping Qu, Hai-quan Huang, Mei-juan Huang","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Impatiens is rich in germplasm resources, with more than 260 species in China. A study on the pollen micromorphology of Impatiens by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the pollen characteristics were richly diverse, and there was some correlation among the characteristics. In addition, the micromorphological index can be used for an effective cluster analysis of Impatiens. However, there was high interspecific similarity in some Impatiens, and the classification of Impatiens cannot be accurate to the species using pollen characteristics. Based on the classification conditions of Impatiens, the characteristics of the pollen structure were found to be useful to classify Impatiens into subgenera or smaller groups. The macroscopic characteristics and the number of sepals (NS) were used as references, which enabled the conclusion that there were 11 indices in the pollen micromorphological index, and the taxonomic effect was greater than the NS. In summary, the pollen micromorphology of Impatiens plays an important role in the classification of Impatiens. The purpose of this study was to explore this characteristic of Impatiens, which has some reference significance to supplement the pollen characteristics and palynological classification of Impatiens. The goal for this research was to aid in the interspecific identification and genetic breeding of Impatiens.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47760802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqsa Abid, Mushtaq Ahmad, M. Zafar, S. Zafar, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, A. T. Althobaiti, S. Sultana, Omer Kilic, T. Makhkamov, A. Yuldashev, O. Mamarakhimov, K. Khaydarov, Afat O. Mammadova, Komiljon Komilov, S. Majeed
ABSTRACT Scanning microscopic imaging has become a valuable research tool in micromorphology with improved techniques playing an important role in analysing the ultrastructure of leaf specimens. The foliar epidermal anatomy of 25 selected poisonous plants with special emphasis on stomata and trichomes was reported using microscopic techniques, for instance, light micrographs (LMs) and scanning micrographs (SEMs). This study aimed to investigate micromorphologies of studied species that are helpful for the identification of poisonous plants. Plants were collected, pressed, dried, identified and then analysed for microscopic study. For making microscopic slides, 1 or 2 leaves were taken in a test tube and dipped in 30% nitric acid and 70% lactic acid for few minutes, and then placed on petri plates for separating the epidermis. Numerous quantitative and qualitative foliar anatomical features of adaxial and abaxial surfaces, including epidermal cell shapes, stomata size, subsidiary cell size, the pattern of the anticlinal wall, the morphology of the stomatal complex and trichome diversity, were examined. A small number of the considered species had anomocytic and anisocytic stomata; a few species had paracytic stomata, for instance, Ricinus communis, Euphorbia royleana, Buxus pilosula and Sorghum halepense; and only Ipomoea carnea had cyclocytic stomata in the studied taxa. The epidermal cells of the analysed species were irregular, while some exhibited polygonal, wavy, tetragonal and elongated cell morphologies. Overall, this study emphasises the significance of foliar micromorphology analysis as a valuable resource for identifying potentially poisonous plants and demonstrates its contribution to maintaining public welfare, thereby benefitting public health and safety.
{"title":"Foliar epidermal and trichome micromorphological diversity among poisonous plants and their taxonomic significance","authors":"Aqsa Abid, Mushtaq Ahmad, M. Zafar, S. Zafar, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, A. T. Althobaiti, S. Sultana, Omer Kilic, T. Makhkamov, A. Yuldashev, O. Mamarakhimov, K. Khaydarov, Afat O. Mammadova, Komiljon Komilov, S. Majeed","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scanning microscopic imaging has become a valuable research tool in micromorphology with improved techniques playing an important role in analysing the ultrastructure of leaf specimens. The foliar epidermal anatomy of 25 selected poisonous plants with special emphasis on stomata and trichomes was reported using microscopic techniques, for instance, light micrographs (LMs) and scanning micrographs (SEMs). This study aimed to investigate micromorphologies of studied species that are helpful for the identification of poisonous plants. Plants were collected, pressed, dried, identified and then analysed for microscopic study. For making microscopic slides, 1 or 2 leaves were taken in a test tube and dipped in 30% nitric acid and 70% lactic acid for few minutes, and then placed on petri plates for separating the epidermis. Numerous quantitative and qualitative foliar anatomical features of adaxial and abaxial surfaces, including epidermal cell shapes, stomata size, subsidiary cell size, the pattern of the anticlinal wall, the morphology of the stomatal complex and trichome diversity, were examined. A small number of the considered species had anomocytic and anisocytic stomata; a few species had paracytic stomata, for instance, Ricinus communis, Euphorbia royleana, Buxus pilosula and Sorghum halepense; and only Ipomoea carnea had cyclocytic stomata in the studied taxa. The epidermal cells of the analysed species were irregular, while some exhibited polygonal, wavy, tetragonal and elongated cell morphologies. Overall, this study emphasises the significance of foliar micromorphology analysis as a valuable resource for identifying potentially poisonous plants and demonstrates its contribution to maintaining public welfare, thereby benefitting public health and safety.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42640318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Wulf, J. Podhorná, M. Bandte, C. Büttner, M. Rybak
ABSTRACT Natural and environmental-friendly approaches to control pests and diseases in horticultural production systems are showing an increasing trend. Biological alternatives, such as botanical extracts and basic substances, show promise in the reduction of the necessity for conventional plant protectants. In ornamentals, less is known about the usage, behaviour and potential of botanicals and basic substances for plant protection. In two trials, we investigated the effect of a weekly foliar spray of an aqueous extract of nettle (Urtica sp.; dried material 15 g · L–1) on two aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Aulacorthum solani. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with Ranunculus asiaticus as hostplant. The Urtica tea and azadirachtin (NeemAzal-T/S) as a standard used in common horticultural production were compared with the water control. Both previously infested and noninfested plants were built up to examine the effect on aphid population growth and migration. As a result, we showed that both treatments, Urtica tea and azadirachtin, reduce the aphid density significantly in comparison with the water control, although the effect of the Urtica tea was not as substantial as that of azadirachtin. Contrarily, treatments could not prevent aphid migration on previously noninfested plants. The study demonstrates that the basic substance Urtica tea can be suitable for the reduction of aphid pests in ornamental plant production, and thus, reduce the amount of synthetic plant protectants in horticulture.
{"title":"The use of stinging nettle tea (Urtica sp.) to control Aulacorthum solani and Macrosiphum euphorbiae on Ranunculus asiaticus","authors":"Florian Wulf, J. Podhorná, M. Bandte, C. Büttner, M. Rybak","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Natural and environmental-friendly approaches to control pests and diseases in horticultural production systems are showing an increasing trend. Biological alternatives, such as botanical extracts and basic substances, show promise in the reduction of the necessity for conventional plant protectants. In ornamentals, less is known about the usage, behaviour and potential of botanicals and basic substances for plant protection. In two trials, we investigated the effect of a weekly foliar spray of an aqueous extract of nettle (Urtica sp.; dried material 15 g · L–1) on two aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Aulacorthum solani. Experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with Ranunculus asiaticus as hostplant. The Urtica tea and azadirachtin (NeemAzal-T/S) as a standard used in common horticultural production were compared with the water control. Both previously infested and noninfested plants were built up to examine the effect on aphid population growth and migration. As a result, we showed that both treatments, Urtica tea and azadirachtin, reduce the aphid density significantly in comparison with the water control, although the effect of the Urtica tea was not as substantial as that of azadirachtin. Contrarily, treatments could not prevent aphid migration on previously noninfested plants. The study demonstrates that the basic substance Urtica tea can be suitable for the reduction of aphid pests in ornamental plant production, and thus, reduce the amount of synthetic plant protectants in horticulture.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46197719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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