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Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of F1, F2 and BC1 progenies of Iris dichotoma and I. domestica 鸢尾和家蝇F1、F2和BC1后代的减数分裂行为和花粉育性
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0013
Wenji Xu, Gang-jun Luo, Xiaoyin Lian, Feng-yang Yu, Yang Zheng, J. Lei, Xiaoying Bi
Abstract Pollen characteristics are very important for Iris interspecific hybridisation. In this study, the pollen viability and male meiosis were studied in yellow-flowered Iris dichotoma (Y2), I. domestica (S3) and their hybrids F1, F2 and BC1 (BC1-Y and BC1-S). The BC1-Y hybrids showed higher pollen viability than that of F1, F2 and BC1-S hybrids, which were between I. dichotoma (26.1%) and I. domestica (35.1%). Two sterile hybrids, F2-1 and BC1-S-1, exhibited more meiotic abnormalities (57.3% and 58.7%) than other individuals. During the first meiotic division, a diffuse diplotene stage was observed for the first time in the genus Iris. The meiotic abnormalities included non-congressed chromosomes, chromosome bridges, lagging chromosomes, unequal division, abnormally oriented spindle fibres, nonsynchronous division and polyad, and resulted in reduced pollen fertility. The relatively high frequency of 2n pollen grains was found in hybrids of BC1-Y-2, BC1-Y-1, BC1-S-2, BC1-S-3 and BC1-S-4. Our research provides a new resource for meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility of the genus Iris.
花粉特征对鸢尾种间杂交具有重要意义。对黄花鸢尾(Y2)、家蝇(S3)及其杂种F1、F2和BC1 (BC1- y和BC1- s)的花粉活力和雄性减数分裂进行了研究。BC1-Y杂交种的花粉活力高于F1、F2和BC1-S杂交种的花粉活力,介于二角家蝇(26.1%)和家蝇(35.1%)之间。2个不育杂种F2-1和BC1-S-1的减数分裂异常发生率分别为57.3%和58.7%。在鸢尾属植物第一次减数分裂中,首次观察到弥漫性二倍体期。减数分裂异常包括染色体不重合、染色体桥、染色体滞后、不等分裂、纺锤体纤维定向异常、分裂不同步和多体,导致花粉育性降低。杂种BC1-Y-2、BC1-Y-1、BC1-S-2、BC1-S-3和BC1-S-4的2n花粉粒频率较高。本研究为鸢尾属植物减数分裂行为和花粉育性研究提供了新的资源。
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引用次数: 2
Genetic diversity and structure analysis of Croatian garlic collection assessed by SSR markers 克罗地亚大蒜种质的SSR标记遗传多样性及结构分析
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-13 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0011
D. Poljuha, M. Franić, Ines Kralj, T. Weber, Z. Šatović, D. Ban, N. Toth, G. Dumičić, S. Kereša, Camila Pinto da Cunha, S. G. Goreta Ban
Abstract This study examines genetic diversity and structure of a Croatian garlic germplasm collection using 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 71 alleles were observed across 64 accessions representing 3 Croatian regions (Istria, Dalmatia and continental Croatia) and 16 foreign landraces, with an average of 5.46 alleles per locus. Among the 80 accessions analysed, 61 distinct multilocus genotypes (MLG) were identified, of which 51 represented unique genotypes and the remaining accessions were divided into 10 MLG groups, comprising potential duplicates or redundant genotypes. Model-based Bayesian and hierarchical UPGMA clustering approaches revealed five major groups within the collection which partially correlated with geographical origin. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the majority (87.71%) of the total molecular diversity is within the Croatian groups of accessions, even though a significant share (12.29%) of diversity derived from genetic diversity among groups. These results support regional structuring, as well as the existence of significant diversity within local populations. This study is the first comprehensive report on an extensive evaluation of genetic resources of garlic maintained by Croatia with the aim of setting the course for future preservation strategies with particular emphasis on the value of diversity in the context of climate change both on macro and micro levels.
摘要本研究利用13个SSR标记分析了克罗地亚大蒜种质资源的遗传多样性和结构。在克罗地亚3个大区(伊斯特拉、达尔马提亚和克罗地亚大陆)和16个外省的64份材料中共检测到71个等位基因,平均每个位点有5.46个等位基因。在分析的80份材料中,鉴定出61份不同的多位点基因型(MLG),其中51份代表独特的基因型,其余材料被分为10个多位点基因型组,其中包括潜在的重复或冗余基因型。基于模型的贝叶斯聚类方法和分层UPGMA聚类方法揭示了集合中与地理来源部分相关的五大类群。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,大部分(87.71%)的分子多样性来自克罗地亚群体,尽管12.29%的多样性来自群体间的遗传多样性。这些结果支持区域结构,以及当地人口中显著多样性的存在。这项研究是对克罗地亚保存的大蒜遗传资源进行广泛评估的第一份综合报告,其目的是为未来的保存策略制定路线,特别强调在宏观和微观层面上气候变化背景下多样性的价值。
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引用次数: 4
Sensitivity of quinoa cv. ‘Titicaca’ to low salinity conditions “Titicaca”藜对低盐度条件的敏感性
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0010
M. Rodríguez-Hernández, Luna Morcillo, I. Garmendia
Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Will.) is an annual herbaceous Andean plant. In recent years there is a growing interest on it due to its high quality as food, its wide adaptation to agroecological conditions and resistance to different abiotic stresses. In this work, we evaluate the growth pattern of quinoa plants cv. ‘Titicaca’, subjected to different levels of salinity, focusing on leaf production and nutrient content. In this sense, the results have shown that a high concentration of salinity negatively affects the growth of quinoa plants. In fact, plants grown with 200 mM NaCl reduced the photosynthetic rate and levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids in comparison with the rest of the treatments. Likewise, it has been proven how the progressive increase in salinity has negative effects on transpiration, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, with significant subsequent reductions in shoot biomass, leaf area and nutrient adquisition, but without a decline in leaf dry weight (DW) production. However, the treatment of 200 mM NaCl demonstrated the best results regarding the water-use efficiency, as well as the number of saline glands. According to our results, the quinoa plant cv. ‘Titicaca’ seems to be tolerant to moderate concentrations of salinity (50–100 mM NaCl). This study could serve as a reference on this little known and cultivated species in the Mediterranean region, since it could become an alternative crop in areas with moderate salinity problems.
藜麦(Chenopodium Quinoa Will.)是安第斯山脉的一年生草本植物。近年来,由于其作为食品的高品质、对农业生态条件的广泛适应性和对不同非生物胁迫的抗性,人们对其越来越感兴趣。在这项工作中,我们评估了藜麦植物cv的生长模式。“的的喀喀岛”,受到不同程度的盐度,重点是叶片产量和营养成分。从这个意义上说,结果表明高浓度的盐度对藜麦植物的生长有负面影响。事实上,与其他处理相比,200 mM NaCl处理降低了植物的光合速率和叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的水平。同样,已经证明盐度的逐渐增加对蒸腾、气孔导度和光合速率有负面影响,导致茎部生物量、叶面积和养分吸收显著减少,但叶干重(DW)产量没有下降。然而,在水分利用效率和生理盐水腺数量方面,200 mM NaCl处理的效果最好。根据我们的研究结果,藜麦植株cv。“的的喀喀湖”似乎能耐受中等浓度的盐度(50-100 mM NaCl)。该研究可作为地中海地区这一鲜为人知的栽培品种的参考,因为它可以成为中度盐度问题地区的替代作物。
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引用次数: 3
Gibberellic acid and 6-benzyladenine reduce time to flowering and improve flower quality of Laelia anceps 赤霉素酸和6-苄基腺嘌呤可缩短牡丹的开花时间,提高花色品质
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-17 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0009
O. Tejeda-Sartorius, H. Vaquera-Huerta, L. Trejo-Téllez, R. Soto-Hernández, J. Sánchez-Escudero
Abstract The efficacy of plant growth regulators (PGRs) has been demonstrated in the flowering of economically significant orchid hybrids, but studies of their effects in wild species with commercial potential are scarce. The effect of three doses of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 6-benzyladenine (BA), individually or in combination, and a control without PGRs, were evaluated during three flowering periods in Laelia anceps subsp. anceps, in the temporal behavior of flowering, morpho-floral quality parameters and in potential residual effects and malformations. Significant effects were observed between the experimental periods and doses used, with a single application of PGRs in the first period reducing the days to visible flower induction (DVFI), days to anthesis (DAN) and days of flower life (DFL), mainly in the first period. There were no significant differences between doses for morpho-floral quality parameters within each period, but differences existed between experimental periods, where the life and size of the flower increased in the first period, and the number of flowers and flower stems increased significantly in the second period. The doses of 2.37 mg · L−1 BA + 100 mg · L−1 GA3 showed highest significant consistency in the reduction of DVFI, DAN and increase of DFL and flower stems in the study. There were no floral malformations, and a positive residual effect was observed in temporal variables in the second period. Most of the doses used encourage beneficial effects in the various aspects of flowering evaluated.
摘要植物生长调节剂(pgr)在具有重要经济价值的兰花杂交品种开花中的作用已经得到证实,但对具有商业潜力的野生品种的影响研究却很少。研究了赤霉素酸(GA3)和6-苄基腺嘌呤(BA)单独或联合施用3种剂量,以及不施用pgr的对照在3个花期的效果。在开花的时间行为,形态-花的质量参数和潜在的残留效应和畸形。在不同的试验时期和剂量之间观察到显著的影响,在第一个时期单次施用pgr减少了可见花诱导(DVFI)、开花(DAN)和花寿命(DFL)的天数,主要在第一个时期。不同剂量间各时期形态花质量参数差异不显著,但不同时期存在差异,第一时期花的寿命和大小显著增加,第二时期花和花茎数量显著增加。2.37 mg·L−1 BA + 100 mg·L−1 GA3在降低DVFI、DAN、增加DFL和花茎方面的一致性最高。在第二阶段的时间变量中观察到正的残余效应。所使用的大多数剂量对开花的各个方面都有有益的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Relationship between salicylic acid and resistance to mite in strawberry 水杨酸与草莓抗螨性的关系
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0008
J. T. Vilela de Resende, R. Matos, D. Zeffa, L. Constantino, S. M. Alves, M. U. Ventura, N. C. Resende, K. Youssef
Abstract The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous pest which infests several wild and cultivated species of plants worldwide. To date, this mite is the most deleterious pest attacking the strawberry plant under a protected environment. Exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) has been found to induce resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Morpho-anatomical changes in strawberry leaflets and TSSM preference tests were investigated in response to SA treatment. Plants grown in a greenhouse were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of SA (0 mg · L−1, 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1). After the third application, certain parameters including the number of glandular and non-glandular trichomes, thickness of leaflet, abaxial cell wall, adaxial cell wall, palisade and lacunous parenchyma and mesophyll were measured using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Two-choice and non-choice assays were employed to verify the TSSM preference. Exogenous treatment with SA promoted morpho-anatomical changes in the following parameters, namely: thickness of the leaflets, mesophyll, lacunous and palisade parenchyma, cell wall (abaxial and adaxial) and the number of glandular and non-glandular trichomes in strawberry leaflets. In general, TSSM preferred less leaflets treated with SA compared with the control in a two-choice assay. A lesser number of TSSM eggs and live females were also recorded in leaflets treated with SA compared with the control plants in no-choice assays. The values of the number of eggs and live females correlated negatively with those obtained for the morpho-anatomical traits induced by exogenous SA.
二斑叶螨(TSSM)是一种多食性害虫,在世界各地的几种野生和栽培植物中均有分布。到目前为止,这种螨是在受保护的环境下攻击草莓植物的最有害的害虫。外源水杨酸(SA)已被发现可诱导对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。研究了SA处理后草莓小叶的形态解剖变化和TSSM偏好测试。对温室中生长的植物进行叶面喷施不同浓度的SA(0 mg·L−1、25 mg·L–1、50 mg·L-1、75 mg·L-1和100 mg·L‑1)。第三次施用后,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测量了一些参数,包括腺毛和非腺毛的数量、小叶厚度、背轴细胞壁、正面细胞壁、栅栏和花边薄壁组织以及叶肉。采用两种选择和非选择分析来验证TSSM偏好。SA外源处理促进了以下参数的形态解剖变化,即:草莓小叶中小叶、叶肉、花边和栅栏薄壁组织的厚度、细胞壁(背面和正面)以及腺毛和非腺毛的数量。一般来说,在两种选择的测定中,与对照相比,TSSM优选用SA处理的小叶更少。在无选择测定中,与对照植物相比,用SA处理的小叶中也记录到较少数量的TSSM卵和活雌性。卵子和活雌性的数量值与外源SA诱导的形态解剖特征值呈负相关。
{"title":"Relationship between salicylic acid and resistance to mite in strawberry","authors":"J. T. Vilela de Resende, R. Matos, D. Zeffa, L. Constantino, S. M. Alves, M. U. Ventura, N. C. Resende, K. Youssef","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae is a polyphagous pest which infests several wild and cultivated species of plants worldwide. To date, this mite is the most deleterious pest attacking the strawberry plant under a protected environment. Exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) has been found to induce resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Morpho-anatomical changes in strawberry leaflets and TSSM preference tests were investigated in response to SA treatment. Plants grown in a greenhouse were foliar sprayed with different concentrations of SA (0 mg · L−1, 25 mg · L−1, 50 mg · L−1, 75 mg · L−1 and 100 mg · L−1). After the third application, certain parameters including the number of glandular and non-glandular trichomes, thickness of leaflet, abaxial cell wall, adaxial cell wall, palisade and lacunous parenchyma and mesophyll were measured using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Two-choice and non-choice assays were employed to verify the TSSM preference. Exogenous treatment with SA promoted morpho-anatomical changes in the following parameters, namely: thickness of the leaflets, mesophyll, lacunous and palisade parenchyma, cell wall (abaxial and adaxial) and the number of glandular and non-glandular trichomes in strawberry leaflets. In general, TSSM preferred less leaflets treated with SA compared with the control in a two-choice assay. A lesser number of TSSM eggs and live females were also recorded in leaflets treated with SA compared with the control plants in no-choice assays. The values of the number of eggs and live females correlated negatively with those obtained for the morpho-anatomical traits induced by exogenous SA.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Morphological and biochemical variations induced by synergy of salicylic acid and zinc in cockscomb 水杨酸和锌协同作用对鸡冠形态和生化的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0006
A. Shoaib, M. Ferdosi, M. Saleem, Shabnam Javed
Abstract Celosia argentea var. cristata is an edible plant mainly cultivated as an ornament for its spectacular flowering and is highly appreciated by horticulturists for its originality, unique appearance of flower and better vase life. Utilisation of plant growth regulator [salicylic acid (SA)] and mineral nutrition [zinc (Zn)] is a sustainable approach to ameliorate crop health and yield. A field experiment was performed on a randomised complete block design with 12 treatments in 36 blocks to investigate the effectiveness of the combined application of SA (50 ppm and 100 ppm) and Zn (ZnSO4: 0.5 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm) as well as when each one is applied separately on vegetative, reproductive, physiochemical attributes in C. argentea var. cristata. Results analysed through Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test, biplot and heat map indicated a significantly greater improvement up to 2.5 folds in the growth attributes when plants received foliar application of 100 ppm of SA combined with 2.5 ppm of Zn as compared to control group. All treatments modified the physiobiochemical responses of plants by lowering catalase (CAT) activity significantly, and enhancing photosynthetic pigments, total protein content and peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities as compared to the control group. It was concluded that foliar application of SA (100 ppm) + Zn (2.5 ppm) at pre-flowering stage could be applied to obtain better growth and flower quality in cockscomb.
摘要阿根廷青藤是一种可食用的植物,因其壮观的花朵而主要作为装饰品栽培,并因其独创性、独特的花朵外观和更好的花瓶寿命而受到园艺学家的高度赞赏。利用植物生长调节剂[水杨酸(SA)]和矿物质营养[锌(Zn)]是改善作物健康和产量的可持续方法。采用随机完全区组设计,对36个区组中的12个处理进行了田间试验,以研究SA(50 ppm和100 ppm)和Zn(ZnSO4:0.5 ppm、1.5 ppm和2.5 ppm)联合施用的有效性,以及当每种处理单独施用时对C.argenta var.cristata的营养、生殖和理化特性的影响。通过Tukey诚实显著性差异(HSD)测试、biplot和热图分析的结果表明,与对照组相比,当植物叶面施用100ppm SA和2.5ppm Zn时,生长属性显著提高了2.5倍。与对照组相比,所有处理都显著降低了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,提高了光合色素、总蛋白含量以及过氧化物酶(POX)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,从而改变了植物的生理生化反应。结果表明,在花前期叶面施用SA(100ppm)+Zn(2.5ppm)可以获得更好的鸡冠花生长和开花品质。
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引用次数: 3
Genetic characterisation and population structure analysis of Anatolian figs (Ficus carica L.) by SSR markers 利用SSR标记分析安纳托利亚无花果(Ficus carica L.)的遗传特征及群体结构
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-26 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0005
A. Ergül, Burcu Pelin Büyük, N. Hazrati, F. Yilmaz, K. Kazan, Nur Arslan, C. Y. Özmen, Semra Aydin, M. Bakır, N. Tan, İ. Kösoğlu, F. Çobanoğlu
Abstract The common fig (Ficus carica L.) is a tree species and is one of the oldest fruit trees cultivated in Turkey. The Western Anatolian region of Turkey produces nearly a quarter of the total dried fig production of the world. This region also harbours a rich fig germplasm. However, so far this germplasm has remained largely uncharacterised. In this study, using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs, we analysed a total of 310 fig accessions from six different regions of Anatolia. In structure analyses, Western Anatolian accessions formed a group, which was correlated with their geographical distribution. In addition, 7 identical, 36 synonymous, and 22 homonymous fig accessions were identified. In multilocus lineages (MLLs) analysis a total of 54 accessions were matched to different accessions as clone assignment. The results will facilitate future germplasm management and breeding efforts in this economically important tree species by identifying genetic diversity, genetic relations and characterising the structure of studied populations and accessions.
摘要无花果(Ficus carica L.)是土耳其栽培的一个树种,也是最古老的果树之一。土耳其安纳托利亚西部地区的无花果干产量占世界总产量的近四分之一。该地区还蕴藏着丰富的无花果种质资源。然而,到目前为止,这种种质在很大程度上还没有表现出来。在本研究中,我们使用14个简单序列重复(SSR)引物对,分析了来自安纳托利亚六个不同地区的310份无花果材料。在结构分析中,安纳托利亚西部的材料形成了一个群体,这与其地理分布有关。此外,还鉴定出7份相同、36份同义和22份同源的无花果材料。在多点谱系(MLL)分析中,共有54份材料作为克隆分配与不同的材料匹配。研究结果将通过识别遗传多样性、遗传关系和表征所研究种群和材料的结构,促进该经济重要树种未来的种质管理和育种工作。
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引用次数: 5
Effects of supplemental lighting using HPS and LED lamps with different light spectra on growth and yield of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during winter cultivation in greenhouse 不同光谱HPS和LED灯补充光照对温室黄瓜生长和产量的影响
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0002
J. Treder, A. Borkowska, W. Treder, K. Sikorska-Zimny
Abstract The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of supplemental lighting of cucumber grown in greenhouse using lamps with differentiated light spectra: sodium lamps – high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Plants (cucumber ‘Pacto’ F1) were grown in two greenhouse compartments with five light treatments: I – HPS + LED (top light with HPS LEDs as interlighting), II – only HPS as top light, III – LED R (LED chips on board (COB) type with an increased level of red band), IV – LED W (LED COB type, white), V – LED B (LED COB type with an increased level of blue spectrum). Light treatments: HPS + LEDs and HPS were grown in one greenhouse compartment and the other three light treatments: LED R (red light supplementation), LED W (without additional supplementation) and LED B (red spectrum supplementation) in the second compartment in analogous climatic conditions. The LED lamps using COB technology are known to be a very efficient source of light. Plants were cultivated from December 2018 to March 2019 in mineral wool slabs Grotop Master (100 × 15 × 10) with four plants on one mat. They were illuminated for 18 h (from 5 am to 11 pm), setting the threshold value (on and off) at 130 W. The plants were drip-irrigated with a complete nutrient solution. The irrigation was controlled based on a weighting system. The assessment of the effect of lighting on early yield and quality of cucumbers was completed after 8 weeks of cropping. It was shown that it was possible to obtain 3.59 kg from one plant during the 8-week period of evaluation by illuminating plants with sodium lamps (HPS), while using HPS and LEDs as additional illuminated inter-rows 3.89 kg. The yield of plants illuminated by LED lamps varied depending on the variant of the spectrum used and was respective for LED R, LED W and LED B, 3.30 kg, 3.90 kg and 3.25 kg. The obtained results indicated that the yield of cucumber ‘Pacto’ F1 grown with HPS lamps at top lighting and at the same time using interlighting with LED lamps was similar to LED W lamps (i.e. without additional supplementation in the range of red (LED R) and blue (LED B) light). Due to good results of LED lamps (type COB for top lighting or as interlighting) used for the cucumber supplemental lighting and high energy efficiency of LEDs, the promising future for that type of lamps compared with traditionally used HPS during winter cultivation in a greenhouse was demonstrated.
摘要本实验的目的是使用具有不同光谱的灯具:钠灯-高压钠灯(HPS)和发光二极管(LED),评估温室中生长的黄瓜的补充照明效果。植物(黄瓜“Pacto”F1)生长在两个温室隔间中,有五种光处理:I–HPS+LED(顶部光,HPS LED作为中间照明),II–仅HPS作为顶部光,III–LED R(板上LED芯片(COB)类型,具有增加的红带水平),IV–LED W(LED COB类型,白色),V–LED B(LED COB类型,具有提高的蓝色光谱水平)。光照处理:HPS+LED和HPS在一个温室隔间中生长,其他三个光照处理(LED R(补充红光)、LED W(不补充红光)和LED B(补充红光光谱)在类似气候条件下在第二个隔间中生长。已知使用COB技术的LED灯是非常有效的光源。植物于2018年12月至2019年3月在矿棉板Grotop Master(100×15×10)中种植,一张垫子上有四株植物。它们被照射18小时(从早上5点到晚上11点),阈值(开启和关闭)设置为130 W。植物用完整的营养液进行滴灌。灌溉是基于加权系统进行控制的。在种植8周后,完成了对光照对黄瓜早期产量和质量影响的评估。研究表明,在8周的评估期内,通过用钠灯(HPS)照射植物,同时使用HPS和LED作为额外的照明行间,可以从一株植物中获得3.59kg。LED灯照射的植物产量因所用光谱的变化而变化,LED R、LED W和LED B的产量分别为3.30kg、3.90kg和3.25kg。所获得的结果表明,用HPS灯在顶部照明下生长的黄瓜“Pacto”F1的产量与LED W灯相似(即在没有额外补充红光(LED R)和蓝光(LED B)的情况下)。由于用于黄瓜补充照明的LED灯(用于顶部照明或作为中间照明的COB型)的良好效果和LED的高能效,与温室冬季栽培期间传统使用的HPS相比,该类型的灯具有良好的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring wild edible flowers as a source of bioactive compounds: New perspectives in horticulture 探索野生食用花作为生物活性化合物的来源:园艺的新视角
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0004
S. Demasi, M. Caser, D. Donno, S. Enri, M. Lonati, V. Scariot
Abstract The increasing interest in healthy and natural foods has raised the attention towards uncommon or unexplored ingredients, such as edible flowers. These products are proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds, for example, vitamins or polyphenols that play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. However, plant species with edible flowers are numerous and most of them still need to be studied with this aim. The high species richness of North-Western Italy provides interesting perspectives in the use of wild edible flowers, which are currently underutilized, but can be a valuable food source or food supplement for healthy diets. In this framework, the phytochemical composition of 22 wild edible flowers was analysed and compared with that of four cultivated species (Borago officinalis L., Calendula officinalis L., Tagetes patula L. and Tropaeolum majus L.) to evaluate their potentiality as sources of bioactive compounds. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the fresh flowers were assessed, together with their phenolic profiles and vitamin C content, through spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. The evaluated parameters varied widely among species, with Paeonia officinalis L. and Rosa pendulina L. showing the highest values of polyphenols (1,930 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) · 100 g−1 and 1,774 mg GAE · 100 g−1, respectively), followed by Rosa canina L. (1,397 mg GAE · 100 g−1) and Geranium sylvaticum L. (1,268 mg GAE · 100 g−1). The same species also showed the highest antioxidant activity, measured with three different assays [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)]. The phenolic profile differed among the studied species, with Dianthus pavonius Tausch and R. pendulina having the highest sum of detected polyphenols (2,522 mg · 100 g−1 and 2,366 mg · 100 g−1, respectively). Vitamin C was identified in all but two flowers (Allium ursinum L. and B. officinalis) and Primula veris L. had the highest amount (45 mg · 100 g−1). The study showed that wild edible flowers outperformed the cultivated species, except for T. majus, providing new insights for the use of wild edible flowers as sources of bioactive compounds.
人们对健康和天然食品的兴趣日益浓厚,这引起了人们对不常见或未开发成分的关注,例如可食用的花朵。这些产品已被证明是生物活性化合物的丰富来源,例如维生素或多酚,在促进健康和预防疾病方面发挥重要作用。然而,具有可食用花的植物种类众多,其中大多数仍需要为此目的进行研究。意大利西北部的高物种丰富度为利用野生可食用花卉提供了有趣的视角,这些花卉目前未得到充分利用,但可以成为健康饮食的宝贵食物来源或食物补充。在此框架下,分析了22种野生食用花卉的植物化学成分,并与4种栽培花卉(Borago officinalis L.、Calendula officinalis L.、Tagetes patula L.和Tropaeolum majus L.)进行了比较,以评估它们作为生物活性化合物来源的潜力。采用分光光度法和色谱法测定鲜花的总多酚含量(TPC)、抗氧化活性、酚类成分和维生素C含量。不同树种的多酚含量差异较大,其中芍药(Paeonia officinalis L.)和玫瑰(Rosa pendulina L.)的多酚含量最高,分别为1,930 mg没食子酸(GAE)·100 g−1和1,774 mg GAE·100 g−1,其次是狗蔷薇(Rosa canina L.) (1,397 mg GAE·100 g−1)和天竺葵(Geranium sylvecum L.) (1,268 mg GAE·100 g−1)。通过三种不同的测定方法[铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP), 2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶肼(DPPH)和2,2 ' -氮基-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸(ABTS)],同一物种也显示出最高的抗氧化活性。不同树种的多酚含量存在差异,石竹和钟竹的多酚含量最高,分别为2522 mg·100 g−1和2366 mg·100 g−1。除Allium ursinum L.和B. officinalis外,其余花均含有维生素C,其中报春花含量最高(45 mg·100 g−1)。该研究表明,野生可食用花的表现优于栽培品种,除了T. majus,这为利用野生可食用花作为生物活性化合物的来源提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 28
The need for a coordinated action to elucidate ecological occurrence and functions of endophytic fungal communities 需要协调行动来阐明内生真菌群落的生态发生和功能
IF 2 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-03-02 DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2021-0003
R. Nicoletti, F. Vinale
Abstract Research concerning endophytic fungi has recently received a remarkable boost following a general trend to investigate and exploit biodiversity in all its forms, and because of the easier access to equipment and methods, which enables quicker identification procedures. The available data highlight that, besides the plant hosts, endophytes consistently interact with the other components of biocoenosis, and that the assortment of the microbial consortium is also to be considered on account of the reciprocal influence between the several species which are part of it. Unravelling these complex ecological relationships is fundamental because of possible translational applications, particularly regarding crop management. However, this requires that the available information concerning plant species, ecological contexts or functional categories of endophytes is examined fully. In this aim, a coordinated effort appears to be necessary to organise the current knowledge to increase the significance and the practical impact of new findings.
近年来,随着研究和利用各种形式的生物多样性的大趋势,内生真菌的研究得到了显著的促进,因为更容易获得设备和方法,这使得鉴定程序更快。现有数据强调,除了植物宿主外,内生菌还与生物群落的其他组成部分持续相互作用,并且考虑到作为生物群落一部分的几个物种之间的相互影响,还应考虑微生物群落的分类。解开这些复杂的生态关系是根本的,因为可能的转化应用,特别是在作物管理方面。然而,这需要充分审查有关植物物种、生态环境或内生菌功能类别的现有信息。为了实现这一目标,似乎需要协调一致的努力来组织现有知识,以增加新发现的重要性和实际影响。
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引用次数: 2
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Folia Horticulturae
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