Nina Kunc, M. Hudina, G. Osterc, M. Mikulič-Petkovšek
The aim of the study was to determine the content and composition of phenolic compounds in autochthonous rose hips (R. pendulina, R. spinosissima and R. gallica) and to compare them with the content of phenolic compounds in their cultivars (‘Harstad’, ‘Bourgogne’, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘Poppius’, ‘Frühlingsduft’, ‘Single Cherry’, ‘Frühlingsmorgen’, ‘ Violacea’ and ‘Splendens’) collected in Arboretum Volčji Potok in Slovenia. The total content of phenolic compounds in the flesh with skin was lowest in ‘Mount Everest’ (3603.57 mg · kg−1 f.w.), which is derived from R. pendulina, and highest in ‘Splendens’ (68789.39 mg · g−1 f.w.), which is derived from R. gallica. In seeds, the phenolic compound content was lower, as expected, ranging from 757.02 mg · kg−1 f.w. (‘Mount Everest’) to 6823.21 mg · kg−1 f.w. (‘Single Cherry’). It can be concluded that the cultivars differ significantly from each other due to the content of different bioactive compounds. Based on the obtained results, we cannot determine to which basic rose plant the cultivar belongs based only on the content of one analysed compound. The contents were very different because only one parent plant is known for a given cultivar and breeding programmes in roses were very narrowly focussed on specific targets.
这项研究的目的是确定本地玫瑰果（R. pendulina、R. spinosissima 和 R. gallica）中酚类化合物的含量和组成，并将其与在斯洛文尼亚沃尔奇波托克植物园采集的栽培品种（'Harstad'、'Bourgogne'、'Mount Everest'、'Poppius'、'Frühlingsduft'、'Single Cherry'、'Frühlingsmorgen'、'Violacea'和'Splendens'）中的酚类化合物含量进行比较。带皮果肉中的酚类化合物总含量在 "珠穆朗玛峰 "中最低（3603.57 毫克-千克-1（净重）），它来自 R. pendulina，而在 "Splendens "中最高（68789.39 毫克-克-1（净重）），它来自 R. gallica。种子中的酚类化合物含量较低，从 757.02 毫克-千克-1（湿重）（'珠穆朗玛峰'）到 6823.21 毫克-千克-1（湿重）（'单樱'）不等。由此可以得出结论，由于不同生物活性化合物的含量不同，各栽培品种之间存在显著差异。根据所得结果，我们无法仅凭一种分析化合物的含量来确定栽培品种属于哪种基本玫瑰植物。由于特定栽培品种只有一种亲本植物，而玫瑰育种计划又非常狭隘地集中在特定目标上，因此其含量差异很大。
{"title":"Changes in various secondary metabolites by crossing modern rose cultivars","authors":"Nina Kunc, M. Hudina, G. Osterc, M. Mikulič-Petkovšek","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of the study was to determine the content and composition of phenolic compounds in autochthonous rose hips (R. pendulina, R. spinosissima and R. gallica) and to compare them with the content of phenolic compounds in their cultivars (‘Harstad’, ‘Bourgogne’, ‘Mount Everest’, ‘Poppius’, ‘Frühlingsduft’, ‘Single Cherry’, ‘Frühlingsmorgen’, ‘ Violacea’ and ‘Splendens’) collected in Arboretum Volčji Potok in Slovenia. The total content of phenolic compounds in the flesh with skin was lowest in ‘Mount Everest’ (3603.57 mg · kg−1 f.w.), which is derived from R. pendulina, and highest in ‘Splendens’ (68789.39 mg · g−1 f.w.), which is derived from R. gallica. In seeds, the phenolic compound content was lower, as expected, ranging from 757.02 mg · kg−1 f.w. (‘Mount Everest’) to 6823.21 mg · kg−1 f.w. (‘Single Cherry’). It can be concluded that the cultivars differ significantly from each other due to the content of different bioactive compounds. Based on the obtained results, we cannot determine to which basic rose plant the cultivar belongs based only on the content of one analysed compound. The contents were very different because only one parent plant is known for a given cultivar and breeding programmes in roses were very narrowly focussed on specific targets.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reza Bahmani, F. Razavi, Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi, Antonio Juárez-Maldonado, G. Gohari
The application of some natural compounds and cold storage can reduce postharvest loss and improve fruit quality and storability, which increase the fruit marketing period and exportation to distant markets. This study investigated the effectiveness of using coatings based on natural polymers to prolong the shelf life of fruits and protect their tissues from damage. Specifically, the researchers examined the impact of putrescine (PUT), chitosan (CTS) and chitosan–putrescine nano-composites (CTS-PUT NPs) on preserving the quality and reducing decay in strawberry. Strawberries were treated with either 1 mM or 2 mM of PUT, 0.1% CTS, 0.1% CTS-PUT NPs or distilled water at a temperature of 20°C for 5 min and then stored at 4°C for 12 days. At the end of the storage period, the lowest decay percentage was related to the treatments of CTS-PUT NPs and CTS, and the highest was observed in the control. The results showed that all coating treatments effectively prevented the excessive loss of ascorbic acid, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity (TA) compared to control at the end of the storage period. Additionally, strawberries treated with CTS-PUT NPs and CTS demonstrated the highest levels of total anthocyanin and total flavonoid. Antioxidant enzyme activities containing CAT and SOD were preserved at higher levels in treated strawberries than in the control during cold storage. These results confirm that the application of CTS and CTS-PUT NPs can effectively preserve fruit quality and prolong the longevity of strawberries during cold storage by enhancing their antioxidant capacity and scavenging free radicals.
{"title":"Chitosan–putrescine nanoparticle coating attenuates postharvest decay and maintains ROS scavenging system activity of strawberry cv. ‘Camarosa’ during cold storage","authors":"Reza Bahmani, F. Razavi, Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi, Antonio Juárez-Maldonado, G. Gohari","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The application of some natural compounds and cold storage can reduce postharvest loss and improve fruit quality and storability, which increase the fruit marketing period and exportation to distant markets. This study investigated the effectiveness of using coatings based on natural polymers to prolong the shelf life of fruits and protect their tissues from damage. Specifically, the researchers examined the impact of putrescine (PUT), chitosan (CTS) and chitosan–putrescine nano-composites (CTS-PUT NPs) on preserving the quality and reducing decay in strawberry. Strawberries were treated with either 1 mM or 2 mM of PUT, 0.1% CTS, 0.1% CTS-PUT NPs or distilled water at a temperature of 20°C for 5 min and then stored at 4°C for 12 days. At the end of the storage period, the lowest decay percentage was related to the treatments of CTS-PUT NPs and CTS, and the highest was observed in the control. The results showed that all coating treatments effectively prevented the excessive loss of ascorbic acid, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and acidity (TA) compared to control at the end of the storage period. Additionally, strawberries treated with CTS-PUT NPs and CTS demonstrated the highest levels of total anthocyanin and total flavonoid. Antioxidant enzyme activities containing CAT and SOD were preserved at higher levels in treated strawberries than in the control during cold storage. These results confirm that the application of CTS and CTS-PUT NPs can effectively preserve fruit quality and prolong the longevity of strawberries during cold storage by enhancing their antioxidant capacity and scavenging free radicals.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness of apricot cultivation is greatly threatened by frost damage to flower buds during the dormancy period. One of the most important aspects of the evaluation of cultivars is therefore the determination of their frost tolerance. In this paper, the frost hardiness of flower buds of 16 apricot cultivars was investigated in three dormancy periods, applying a standardised artificial freezing test protocol and determining LT50 values. The results showed that both the genotypes and the yearly climatic conditions had a significant effect on frost tolerance. A genotype generally determines the potential maximum of its frost tolerance (‘Sweet Red’ and ‘Primaya’ were very sensitive to frost every year, while ‘Harlayne’ and ‘Rózskajszi C.1406’ could be considered as frost hardy). Flower buds can reach different levels of frost resistance each year depending on the temperature conditions during the hardening and dehardening periods. From the point of view of yield security, it is essential when planning an orchard, to take into account and harmonise the frost hardiness of the cultivars selected and the growing site conditions. Therefore, it is very important to have adequate information about the frost hardiness of different apricot cultivars, which should be included in cultivar descriptions. This paper is intended to contribute to this goal.
{"title":"Frost hardiness of flower buds of 16 apricot cultivars during dormancy","authors":"József L. Bakos, Márta Ladányi, László Szalay","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of apricot cultivation is greatly threatened by frost damage to flower buds during the dormancy period. One of the most important aspects of the evaluation of cultivars is therefore the determination of their frost tolerance. In this paper, the frost hardiness of flower buds of 16 apricot cultivars was investigated in three dormancy periods, applying a standardised artificial freezing test protocol and determining LT<jats:sub>50</jats:sub> values. The results showed that both the genotypes and the yearly climatic conditions had a significant effect on frost tolerance. A genotype generally determines the potential maximum of its frost tolerance (‘Sweet Red’ and ‘Primaya’ were very sensitive to frost every year, while ‘Harlayne’ and ‘Rózskajszi C.1406’ could be considered as frost hardy). Flower buds can reach different levels of frost resistance each year depending on the temperature conditions during the hardening and dehardening periods. From the point of view of yield security, it is essential when planning an orchard, to take into account and harmonise the frost hardiness of the cultivars selected and the growing site conditions. Therefore, it is very important to have adequate information about the frost hardiness of different apricot cultivars, which should be included in cultivar descriptions. This paper is intended to contribute to this goal.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes benefits of the application of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO NPs combined with silver NPs (ZnO + Ag NPs) in chrysanthemum micropropagation. Single node explants of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. ‘UTP Burgundy Gold (UBG)’ and ‘UTP Pinky Gold (UPG)’ were inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and treated with 100 mg · L−1, 200 mg · L−1, or 400 mg · L−1 ZnO SMPs, ZnO NPs (1.5% H2O), ZnO NPs (6% H2O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (1.5% H2O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H2O), ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (1.5% H2O) and ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H2O). Generally, the tested materials stimulated the growth and development of plantlets. In ‘UBG’, the most prominent treatments affecting increases in the number of leaves, micropropagation coefficient, shoot length and shoot FW/DW weight included 400 mg · L−1 ZnO SMPs and 100 mg · L−1 ZnO NPs (6% H2O). In ‘UPG’, the treatments with 200 mg · L−1 ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H2O) and 200 mg · L−1 ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H2O) were the most successful. The latter treatment stimulated an intensive development of root systems in the two studied cultivars. High values of leaf area, perimeter and width were reported in both cultivars for 400 mg · L−1 ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H2O). As compared to the control, the treated plants were characterised by a similar or, most often, lower content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) marker system analyses of the 400 mg · L−1 ZnO SMPs/ZnO NPs/ZnO + Ag NPs-treated chrysanthemums confirmed their genetic fidelity with the control plants. The obtained results can be implemented in the commercial large-scale production of chrysanthemums.
{"title":"Zinc oxide and silver effects on the growth, pigment content and genetic stability of chrysanthemums propagated by the node culture method","authors":"Alicja Tymoszuk, Urszula Szałaj, Jacek Wojnarowicz, Jolanta Kowalska, Małgorzata Antkowiak, Dariusz Kulus","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes benefits of the application of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO NPs combined with silver NPs (ZnO + Ag NPs) in chrysanthemum micropropagation. Single node explants of <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>morifolium</jats:italic> (Ramat.) Hemsl. ‘UTP Burgundy Gold (UBG)’ and ‘UTP Pinky Gold (UPG)’ were inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and treated with 100 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 200 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, or 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO SMPs, ZnO NPs (1.5% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (1.5% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (1.5% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) and ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O). Generally, the tested materials stimulated the growth and development of plantlets. In ‘UBG’, the most prominent treatments affecting increases in the number of leaves, micropropagation coefficient, shoot length and shoot FW/DW weight included 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO SMPs and 100 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O). In ‘UPG’, the treatments with 200 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) and 200 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) were the most successful. The latter treatment stimulated an intensive development of root systems in the two studied cultivars. High values of leaf area, perimeter and width were reported in both cultivars for 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O). As compared to the control, the treated plants were characterised by a similar or, most often, lower content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) marker system analyses of the 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO SMPs/ZnO NPs/ZnO + Ag NPs-treated chrysanthemums confirmed their genetic fidelity with the control plants. The obtained results can be implemented in the commercial large-scale production of chrysanthemums.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jezdinský, Katalin Jezdinská Slezák, M. Vachůn, R. Pokluda, Jiří Uher
The vase life of Narcissus poeticus flowers collected at the white bud stage was investigated in 13 different concentrations of NaCl (0–5–10–15–20–30–40–…–100 mM). Every 12 hr, the opening stage of the flowers was recorded, divided into 4 main categories (bud, opening flower, full open (FO) flower and wilting flower) and 14 subcategories. The salinity did not affect the flower opening speed, diameter or weight. The duration of the full flowering stage decreased from 92 hr to 44 hr, the sum of the daily ornamental value score (OVS) decreased from 120 by 3 scores per each 10 mM concentration increase. The scape chlorophyll content increased at low salinity (10–15 mM) and then decreased significantly. The carotenoid content in the scapes of wilted flowers increased in 30–100 mM solutions compared to the values in the flowering stage and flowers grown at lower salt concentrations. The Na and Cl contents in the plant parts increased significantly with the increase in salinity (at the end of the experiment, 100 mM NaCl: scapes: 44.1 g · kg-1 and 67.2 g · kg-1 Na and Cl; flowers: 16.8 g · kg-1 and 24.8 g · kg-1 Na and Cl, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between the Na and K contents in the scapes. The EC value of the vase solutions decreased during the experiment.
研究了在 13 种不同浓度的 NaCl（0-5-10-15-20-30-40-...-100 mM）中采集的白色花蕾期水仙花的花瓶寿命。每 12 小时记录一次花朵的开放阶段，分为 4 大类（花蕾、开放花朵、完全开放（FO）花朵和枯萎花朵）和 14 个小类。盐度对花的开放速度、直径和重量没有影响。盛花期的持续时间从 92 小时减少到 44 小时，每增加 10 毫摩尔浓度，每日观赏价值得分（OVS）总和从 120 分减少 3 分。花葶叶绿素含量在低盐度（10-15 毫摩尔）时增加，随后显著下降。在 30-100 毫摩尔溶液中，枯萎花葶的类胡萝卜素含量比开花期和在较低盐浓度下生长的花朵中的含量要高。随着盐度的增加，植物各部分的 Na 和 Cl 含量也明显增加（实验结束时，100 mM NaCl：花葶：44.1 g - kg-1 和 67.2 g - kg-1 Na 和 Cl；花：16.8 g - kg-1 和 67.2 g - kg-1 Na 和 Cl）：Na 和 Cl 分别为 16.8 克-千克-1 和 24.8 克-千克-1）。花葶中 Na 和 K 的含量成反比。在实验过程中，花瓶溶液的导电率值有所下降。
{"title":"Effect of saline water on the vase life of Narcissus poeticus L. flowers","authors":"A. Jezdinský, Katalin Jezdinská Slezák, M. Vachůn, R. Pokluda, Jiří Uher","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The vase life of Narcissus poeticus flowers collected at the white bud stage was investigated in 13 different concentrations of NaCl (0–5–10–15–20–30–40–…–100 mM). Every 12 hr, the opening stage of the flowers was recorded, divided into 4 main categories (bud, opening flower, full open (FO) flower and wilting flower) and 14 subcategories. The salinity did not affect the flower opening speed, diameter or weight. The duration of the full flowering stage decreased from 92 hr to 44 hr, the sum of the daily ornamental value score (OVS) decreased from 120 by 3 scores per each 10 mM concentration increase. The scape chlorophyll content increased at low salinity (10–15 mM) and then decreased significantly. The carotenoid content in the scapes of wilted flowers increased in 30–100 mM solutions compared to the values in the flowering stage and flowers grown at lower salt concentrations. The Na and Cl contents in the plant parts increased significantly with the increase in salinity (at the end of the experiment, 100 mM NaCl: scapes: 44.1 g · kg-1 and 67.2 g · kg-1 Na and Cl; flowers: 16.8 g · kg-1 and 24.8 g · kg-1 Na and Cl, respectively). There was an inverse correlation between the Na and K contents in the scapes. The EC value of the vase solutions decreased during the experiment.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zevon Julio Seymour, Juan Francisco Mercedes, Jong-Yi Fang
Strawberry production is facing a serious decline with the increase in global temperature as a result of climate change. Improving the heat tolerance is imperative for the strawberry plants to remain productive under high temperature conditions. The present work aimed to study the effect of heat acclimation on the thermotolerance of strawberry plants subjected to severe heat stress. Tissue cultured Fragaria ‘Taoyuan No. 1’ plantlets were subjected to four heat-acclimation treatments with gradual increase of temperatures from 30°C to 42°C for 1.25 hr to 10 hr before exposing them to the lethal temperature of 48°C for 4 hr. Survival, new leaf emergence and root growth, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll and proline contents, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were compared between the control, acclimated and non-acclimated plantlets. Results indicated that heat acclimation was required for the strawberry plantlets to survive under lethal temperature conditions. The acclimated plantlets registered a lower degree of electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll degradation, and a higher proline content compared to the non-acclimated plantlets. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes increased with the elevation of acclimation temperature and peaked at 42°C except for ascorbate peroxidase (APX) whose activity peaked at 39°C. Higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), APX, glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were observed in the acclimated plantlets compared to the non-acclimated plantlets. This study demonstrates that heat acclimation improved the thermotolerance of in vitro strawberry plantlets by reducing electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll degradation, as well as by enhancing proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities under severe heat stress.
{"title":"Effect of heat acclimation on thermotolerance of in vitro strawberry plantlets","authors":"Zevon Julio Seymour, Juan Francisco Mercedes, Jong-Yi Fang","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Strawberry production is facing a serious decline with the increase in global temperature as a result of climate change. Improving the heat tolerance is imperative for the strawberry plants to remain productive under high temperature conditions. The present work aimed to study the effect of heat acclimation on the thermotolerance of strawberry plants subjected to severe heat stress. Tissue cultured Fragaria ‘Taoyuan No. 1’ plantlets were subjected to four heat-acclimation treatments with gradual increase of temperatures from 30°C to 42°C for 1.25 hr to 10 hr before exposing them to the lethal temperature of 48°C for 4 hr. Survival, new leaf emergence and root growth, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll and proline contents, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were compared between the control, acclimated and non-acclimated plantlets. Results indicated that heat acclimation was required for the strawberry plantlets to survive under lethal temperature conditions. The acclimated plantlets registered a lower degree of electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll degradation, and a higher proline content compared to the non-acclimated plantlets. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes increased with the elevation of acclimation temperature and peaked at 42°C except for ascorbate peroxidase (APX) whose activity peaked at 39°C. Higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), APX, glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were observed in the acclimated plantlets compared to the non-acclimated plantlets. This study demonstrates that heat acclimation improved the thermotolerance of in vitro strawberry plantlets by reducing electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll degradation, as well as by enhancing proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities under severe heat stress.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariona Gil i Cortiella, Ricardo I. Castro, Carolina Parra-Palma, Angela Méndez-Yáñez, Patricio Ramos, Luis Morales-Quintana
Recently, a growing interest in fruits having a high content of health-promoting compounds has become a trend among consumers around the world. Wild berries have received special attention based on the high levels of healthy compounds present in them. In this work, we elaborate on the qualities of the murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) fruit such as the colour, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present, its antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compound content (including those of flavonols and anthocyanins) with respect to the different ripening stages. Four stages were established based on the skin colour parameters, which were consistent with the changes in the weight and size of the murta fruits. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonols content showed a decrease during fruit ripening, in contrast with the total anthocyanins content that increased at the final stages of ripening. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated via two approaches: ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl discolouration assay; higher levels of antioxidants at the final stages were consistently observed. Furthermore, the VOCs profile showed terpenoids to be the main compounds, with the highest relative abundances in fully ripe fruits. These results allow us to propose a classification of the different ripening stages of the murta fruits. This would enable us to have better knowledge of this interesting fruit, which possesses highly healthy nutraceutical compounds.
{"title":"Analysis of the contents of Ugni molinae Turcz fruits across the ripening stages","authors":"Mariona Gil i Cortiella, Ricardo I. Castro, Carolina Parra-Palma, Angela Méndez-Yáñez, Patricio Ramos, Luis Morales-Quintana","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a growing interest in fruits having a high content of health-promoting compounds has become a trend among consumers around the world. Wild berries have received special attention based on the high levels of healthy compounds present in them. In this work, we elaborate on the qualities of the murta (<jats:italic>Ugni molinae</jats:italic> Turcz) fruit such as the colour, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present, its antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compound content (including those of flavonols and anthocyanins) with respect to the different ripening stages. Four stages were established based on the skin colour parameters, which were consistent with the changes in the weight and size of the murta fruits. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonols content showed a decrease during fruit ripening, in contrast with the total anthocyanins content that increased at the final stages of ripening. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated via two approaches: ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl discolouration assay; higher levels of antioxidants at the final stages were consistently observed. Furthermore, the VOCs profile showed terpenoids to be the main compounds, with the highest relative abundances in fully ripe fruits. These results allow us to propose a classification of the different ripening stages of the murta fruits. This would enable us to have better knowledge of this interesting fruit, which possesses highly healthy nutraceutical compounds.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianzong Xia, Andrea Pagano, Anca Macovei, Gregorio Padula, Alma Balestrazzi, Roman Hołubowicz
Magnetic field (MF) treatment, as an efficient and pollution-free treatment method, has received extensive attention from researchers and found broad prospects in horticultural and agricultural development. According to relevant studies, mainstream research direction is aimed at utilizing MF treatment to improve the economic traits of horticultural and agricultural crops. MF has positive effects, for example, on seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and quality and plant tolerance to stress. In recent years, more and more researchers have focused their work on using seed MF or magnetised water (MW) irrigation treatment to improve plant tolerance to salt or heavy metal stresses, to achieve the purpose of soil restoration by plant heavy metal accumulation. In this review, the most commonly utilised MF or MW treatment methods have been described in detail, and the effects of MF treatment on horticultural and agricultural crops have been presented. Furthermore, new prospects for MF treatment and the associated molecular basis have been presented. Since different species or cultivars have different optimal dose requirements for MF treatment, it is still a challenge presently to promote MF treatment use in commercial applications. For successful implementation of MF treatments, it is essential to conduct a large number of screening experiments and more in-depth research on the effects of MF on cultivated plants.
{"title":"Magnetic field treatment on horticultural and agricultural crops: its benefits and challenges","authors":"Xianzong Xia, Andrea Pagano, Anca Macovei, Gregorio Padula, Alma Balestrazzi, Roman Hołubowicz","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic field (MF) treatment, as an efficient and pollution-free treatment method, has received extensive attention from researchers and found broad prospects in horticultural and agricultural development. According to relevant studies, mainstream research direction is aimed at utilizing MF treatment to improve the economic traits of horticultural and agricultural crops. MF has positive effects, for example, on seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and quality and plant tolerance to stress. In recent years, more and more researchers have focused their work on using seed MF or magnetised water (MW) irrigation treatment to improve plant tolerance to salt or heavy metal stresses, to achieve the purpose of soil restoration by plant heavy metal accumulation. In this review, the most commonly utilised MF or MW treatment methods have been described in detail, and the effects of MF treatment on horticultural and agricultural crops have been presented. Furthermore, new prospects for MF treatment and the associated molecular basis have been presented. Since different species or cultivars have different optimal dose requirements for MF treatment, it is still a challenge presently to promote MF treatment use in commercial applications. For successful implementation of MF treatments, it is essential to conduct a large number of screening experiments and more in-depth research on the effects of MF on cultivated plants.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to explore the role of glutamine (Gln) on plant germination and growth under salinity [0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)], and on the activation of some stress-related genes [CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, Alternative Oxidase (AOX), Procollagen Lysyl Hydroxylase (PLOD)-1, Chaperonin (CHAPE) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-21], genetic template stability and photosynthetic pigment activation. Under salt stress, 2 mM Gln application reduced the mean germination time (MGT) (4.51 days), increased the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) (75.85), germination index (GI) (1.46) and germination percentage (GP) (82%), indicating that it was the best application for germination under stress. Gln promoted the development of aboveground plant organs. 3 mM Gln increased the number of leaves from 5.3 to 13.7 and 4.3 to 6.6 under unstress and stress conditions, respectively. Under salt stress, Gln increased photosynthetic pigments and genomic template stability (GTS) (80%). At 2 mM Gln, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased from 1.59 mg · g-1 TA to 2.23 mg · g-1 TA and from 0.28 mg · g-1 TA to 0.37 mg · g-1 TA, respectively. The effect on gene expression levels varied with the concentration. The application of 2 mM Gln, which enhanced germination and vegetative parameters under stress, caused a raise in CuZn-SOD gene expression and a 43% decrease in the transcriptional expression of the HSP-21 gene as an indicator of the functionality of the repair mechanism. The improved growth of Gln-treated plants under stress suggests that Gln is involved in bridging the energy deficit of the plant by acting as an alternative fuel for metabolic activities under stress.
本研究旨在探讨谷氨酰胺（Gln）在盐度[0、50、100、150、200 mM氯化钠（NaCl）]条件下对植物萌发和生长的作用，以及对一些胁迫相关基因[CuZn-超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、Mn-SOD、替代氧化酶（AOX）、原胶原蛋白赖氨酰羟化酶（PLOD-1）、伴侣素（CHAPE）和热休克蛋白（HOX）]激活的作用、Mn-SOD、替代氧化酶（AOX）、胶原溶解羟化酶（PLOD）-1、伴侣素（CHAPE）和热休克蛋白（HSP）-21]、遗传模板稳定性和光合色素活化。在盐胁迫条件下，施用 2 mM Gln 可缩短平均发芽时间（MGT）（4.51 天），提高发芽速度系数（CVG）（75.85）、发芽指数（GI）（1.46）和发芽率（GP）（82%），表明它是胁迫条件下发芽的最佳施用方法。Gln 能促进植物地上器官的发育。在非胁迫和胁迫条件下，3 mM Gln 可使叶片数量分别从 5.3 片增加到 13.7 片和 4.3 片增加到 6.6 片。在盐胁迫条件下，Gln 增加了光合色素和基因组模板稳定性（GTS）（80%）。在 2 mM Gln 条件下，总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别从 1.59 mg - g-1 TA 增加到 2.23 mg - g-1 TA 和从 0.28 mg - g-1 TA 增加到 0.37 mg - g-1 TA。对基因表达水平的影响因浓度而异。施用 2 mM Gln 可提高胁迫下的发芽率和植株参数，但会导致 CuZn-SOD 基因表达量增加，而作为修复机制功能指标的 HSP-21 基因转录表达量减少 43%。经 Gln 处理的植物在胁迫下的生长情况有所改善，这表明 Gln 在胁迫下可作为代谢活动的替代燃料，参与弥补植物的能量不足。
{"title":"The role of exogenous glutamine on germination, plant development and transcriptional expression of some stress-related genes in onion under salt stress","authors":"Kamile Ulukapi, Ayse Gul Nasircilar","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to explore the role of glutamine (Gln) on plant germination and growth under salinity [0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)], and on the activation of some stress-related genes [CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, Alternative Oxidase (AOX), Procollagen Lysyl Hydroxylase (PLOD)-1, Chaperonin (CHAPE) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-21], genetic template stability and photosynthetic pigment activation. Under salt stress, 2 mM Gln application reduced the mean germination time (MGT) (4.51 days), increased the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) (75.85), germination index (GI) (1.46) and germination percentage (GP) (82%), indicating that it was the best application for germination under stress. Gln promoted the development of aboveground plant organs. 3 mM Gln increased the number of leaves from 5.3 to 13.7 and 4.3 to 6.6 under unstress and stress conditions, respectively. Under salt stress, Gln increased photosynthetic pigments and genomic template stability (GTS) (80%). At 2 mM Gln, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased from 1.59 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA to 2.23 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA and from 0.28 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA to 0.37 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA, respectively. The effect on gene expression levels varied with the concentration. The application of 2 mM Gln, which enhanced germination and vegetative parameters under stress, caused a raise in CuZn-SOD gene expression and a 43% decrease in the transcriptional expression of the HSP-21 gene as an indicator of the functionality of the repair mechanism. The improved growth of Gln-treated plants under stress suggests that Gln is involved in bridging the energy deficit of the plant by acting as an alternative fuel for metabolic activities under stress.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemat A. EL-Bauome, Samar M. Doklega, Said A. Saleh, Ahmed S. Mohamed, Ahmad A. Suliman, Mahmoud A.M. Abd El-Hady
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that significantly decreases the productivity of agricultural crops. Melatonin (MT) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in overcoming oxidative damage. However, previous literature has not provided a clear understanding of the impact of MT on lettuce plants under salinity stress. So, we investigated the effect of exogenous MT at 0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM and 150 μM on lettuce plants grown under salinity stress (0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) with respect to vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2•- and antioxidants enzymes. Results showed that NaCl stress significantly decreased vegetative growth, RWC and photosynthetic pigments and in contrast enhanced dry matter, EL, MDA, H2O2, O2•-, Na+, Cl-, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of lettuce plants compared to non-salinized control. The results demonstrated that under salinity conditions, foliar applications of MT significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salinity and increased number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids and RWC in comparison to untreated plants (control). Meanwhile, dry matter, MDA, H2O2, O2•-, Na+, Cl-, POD, SOD and GR were significantly decreased compared to untreated lettuce plants. In this respect, spraying MT at 150 μM ranked the first, then 100 μM, compared to the lower concentration (50 μM). In conclusion, MT application can be used to alleviate harmful effects of salinity stress.
盐分是最重要的非生物胁迫之一，会大大降低农作物的产量。褪黑激素（MT）是一种抗氧化剂，在克服氧化损伤方面发挥着重要作用。然而，以往的文献并没有清楚地了解盐胁迫下 MT 对莴苣植株的影响。因此，我们研究了0 μM、50 μM、100 μM和150 μM浓度的外源MT对盐度胁迫（0 mM NaCl、50 mM NaCl和100 mM NaCl）下生长的莴苣植株在植株生长、光合色素、相对含水量（RWC）、电解质渗漏（EL）、丙二醛（MDA）、H2O2、O2-和抗氧化酶等方面的影响。结果表明，与非盐渍化对照相比，盐渍化胁迫明显降低了莴苣植株的无性生长、相对含水量（RWC）和光合色素，相反却提高了干物质、EL、MDA、H2O2、O2-、Na+、Cl-、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）。结果表明，在盐渍条件下，叶面喷施 MT 能明显减轻盐渍的有害影响，与未处理的植株（对照）相比，叶片数、叶面积、鲜重、叶绿素（a）、叶绿素（b）、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和 RWC 均有所增加。同时，与未处理的莴苣植株相比，干物质、MDA、H2O2、O2-、Na+、Cl-、POD、SOD 和 GR 显著减少。在这方面，与低浓度（50 μM）相比，喷洒 150 μM MT 的效果最好，其次是 100 μM。总之，施用 MT 可减轻盐胁迫的有害影响。
{"title":"Effects of melatonin on lettuce plant growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments under salinity stress conditions","authors":"Hemat A. EL-Bauome, Samar M. Doklega, Said A. Saleh, Ahmed S. Mohamed, Ahmad A. Suliman, Mahmoud A.M. Abd El-Hady","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that significantly decreases the productivity of agricultural crops. Melatonin (MT) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in overcoming oxidative damage. However, previous literature has not provided a clear understanding of the impact of MT on lettuce plants under salinity stress. So, we investigated the effect of exogenous MT at 0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM and 150 μM on lettuce plants grown under salinity stress (0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) with respect to vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>•-</jats:sup> and antioxidants enzymes. Results showed that NaCl stress significantly decreased vegetative growth, RWC and photosynthetic pigments and in contrast enhanced dry matter, EL, MDA, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>•-</jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, Cl-, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of lettuce plants compared to non-salinized control. The results demonstrated that under salinity conditions, foliar applications of MT significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salinity and increased number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids and RWC in comparison to untreated plants (control). Meanwhile, dry matter, MDA, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>•-</jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, Cl-, POD, SOD and GR were significantly decreased compared to untreated lettuce plants. In this respect, spraying MT at 150 μM ranked the first, then 100 μM, compared to the lower concentration (50 μM). In conclusion, MT application can be used to alleviate harmful effects of salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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