This article describes benefits of the application of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO NPs combined with silver NPs (ZnO + Ag NPs) in chrysanthemum micropropagation. Single node explants of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. ‘UTP Burgundy Gold (UBG)’ and ‘UTP Pinky Gold (UPG)’ were inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and treated with 100 mg · L−1, 200 mg · L−1, or 400 mg · L−1 ZnO SMPs, ZnO NPs (1.5% H2O), ZnO NPs (6% H2O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (1.5% H2O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H2O), ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (1.5% H2O) and ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H2O). Generally, the tested materials stimulated the growth and development of plantlets. In ‘UBG’, the most prominent treatments affecting increases in the number of leaves, micropropagation coefficient, shoot length and shoot FW/DW weight included 400 mg · L−1 ZnO SMPs and 100 mg · L−1 ZnO NPs (6% H2O). In ‘UPG’, the treatments with 200 mg · L−1 ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H2O) and 200 mg · L−1 ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H2O) were the most successful. The latter treatment stimulated an intensive development of root systems in the two studied cultivars. High values of leaf area, perimeter and width were reported in both cultivars for 400 mg · L−1 ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H2O). As compared to the control, the treated plants were characterised by a similar or, most often, lower content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) marker system analyses of the 400 mg · L−1 ZnO SMPs/ZnO NPs/ZnO + Ag NPs-treated chrysanthemums confirmed their genetic fidelity with the control plants. The obtained results can be implemented in the commercial large-scale production of chrysanthemums.
{"title":"Zinc oxide and silver effects on the growth, pigment content and genetic stability of chrysanthemums propagated by the node culture method","authors":"Alicja Tymoszuk, Urszula Szałaj, Jacek Wojnarowicz, Jolanta Kowalska, Małgorzata Antkowiak, Dariusz Kulus","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0003","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes benefits of the application of zinc oxide submicron particles (ZnO SMPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and ZnO NPs combined with silver NPs (ZnO + Ag NPs) in chrysanthemum micropropagation. Single node explants of <jats:italic>Chrysanthemum</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>morifolium</jats:italic> (Ramat.) Hemsl. ‘UTP Burgundy Gold (UBG)’ and ‘UTP Pinky Gold (UPG)’ were inoculated on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and treated with 100 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, 200 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, or 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO SMPs, ZnO NPs (1.5% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (1.5% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O), ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (1.5% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) and ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O). Generally, the tested materials stimulated the growth and development of plantlets. In ‘UBG’, the most prominent treatments affecting increases in the number of leaves, micropropagation coefficient, shoot length and shoot FW/DW weight included 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO SMPs and 100 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O). In ‘UPG’, the treatments with 200 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO + 0.1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) and 200 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O) were the most successful. The latter treatment stimulated an intensive development of root systems in the two studied cultivars. High values of leaf area, perimeter and width were reported in both cultivars for 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO + 1% Ag NPs (6% H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O). As compared to the control, the treated plants were characterised by a similar or, most often, lower content of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) marker system analyses of the 400 mg · L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> ZnO SMPs/ZnO NPs/ZnO + Ag NPs-treated chrysanthemums confirmed their genetic fidelity with the control plants. The obtained results can be implemented in the commercial large-scale production of chrysanthemums.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariona Gil i Cortiella, Ricardo I. Castro, Carolina Parra-Palma, Angela Méndez-Yáñez, Patricio Ramos, Luis Morales-Quintana
Recently, a growing interest in fruits having a high content of health-promoting compounds has become a trend among consumers around the world. Wild berries have received special attention based on the high levels of healthy compounds present in them. In this work, we elaborate on the qualities of the murta (Ugni molinae Turcz) fruit such as the colour, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present, its antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compound content (including those of flavonols and anthocyanins) with respect to the different ripening stages. Four stages were established based on the skin colour parameters, which were consistent with the changes in the weight and size of the murta fruits. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonols content showed a decrease during fruit ripening, in contrast with the total anthocyanins content that increased at the final stages of ripening. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated via two approaches: ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl discolouration assay; higher levels of antioxidants at the final stages were consistently observed. Furthermore, the VOCs profile showed terpenoids to be the main compounds, with the highest relative abundances in fully ripe fruits. These results allow us to propose a classification of the different ripening stages of the murta fruits. This would enable us to have better knowledge of this interesting fruit, which possesses highly healthy nutraceutical compounds.
{"title":"Analysis of the contents of Ugni molinae Turcz fruits across the ripening stages","authors":"Mariona Gil i Cortiella, Ricardo I. Castro, Carolina Parra-Palma, Angela Méndez-Yáñez, Patricio Ramos, Luis Morales-Quintana","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a growing interest in fruits having a high content of health-promoting compounds has become a trend among consumers around the world. Wild berries have received special attention based on the high levels of healthy compounds present in them. In this work, we elaborate on the qualities of the murta (<jats:italic>Ugni molinae</jats:italic> Turcz) fruit such as the colour, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present, its antioxidant capacity and the phenolic compound content (including those of flavonols and anthocyanins) with respect to the different ripening stages. Four stages were established based on the skin colour parameters, which were consistent with the changes in the weight and size of the murta fruits. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonols content showed a decrease during fruit ripening, in contrast with the total anthocyanins content that increased at the final stages of ripening. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated via two approaches: ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl discolouration assay; higher levels of antioxidants at the final stages were consistently observed. Furthermore, the VOCs profile showed terpenoids to be the main compounds, with the highest relative abundances in fully ripe fruits. These results allow us to propose a classification of the different ripening stages of the murta fruits. This would enable us to have better knowledge of this interesting fruit, which possesses highly healthy nutraceutical compounds.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140629678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianzong Xia, Andrea Pagano, Anca Macovei, Gregorio Padula, Alma Balestrazzi, Roman Hołubowicz
Magnetic field (MF) treatment, as an efficient and pollution-free treatment method, has received extensive attention from researchers and found broad prospects in horticultural and agricultural development. According to relevant studies, mainstream research direction is aimed at utilizing MF treatment to improve the economic traits of horticultural and agricultural crops. MF has positive effects, for example, on seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and quality and plant tolerance to stress. In recent years, more and more researchers have focused their work on using seed MF or magnetised water (MW) irrigation treatment to improve plant tolerance to salt or heavy metal stresses, to achieve the purpose of soil restoration by plant heavy metal accumulation. In this review, the most commonly utilised MF or MW treatment methods have been described in detail, and the effects of MF treatment on horticultural and agricultural crops have been presented. Furthermore, new prospects for MF treatment and the associated molecular basis have been presented. Since different species or cultivars have different optimal dose requirements for MF treatment, it is still a challenge presently to promote MF treatment use in commercial applications. For successful implementation of MF treatments, it is essential to conduct a large number of screening experiments and more in-depth research on the effects of MF on cultivated plants.
{"title":"Magnetic field treatment on horticultural and agricultural crops: its benefits and challenges","authors":"Xianzong Xia, Andrea Pagano, Anca Macovei, Gregorio Padula, Alma Balestrazzi, Roman Hołubowicz","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic field (MF) treatment, as an efficient and pollution-free treatment method, has received extensive attention from researchers and found broad prospects in horticultural and agricultural development. According to relevant studies, mainstream research direction is aimed at utilizing MF treatment to improve the economic traits of horticultural and agricultural crops. MF has positive effects, for example, on seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and quality and plant tolerance to stress. In recent years, more and more researchers have focused their work on using seed MF or magnetised water (MW) irrigation treatment to improve plant tolerance to salt or heavy metal stresses, to achieve the purpose of soil restoration by plant heavy metal accumulation. In this review, the most commonly utilised MF or MW treatment methods have been described in detail, and the effects of MF treatment on horticultural and agricultural crops have been presented. Furthermore, new prospects for MF treatment and the associated molecular basis have been presented. Since different species or cultivars have different optimal dose requirements for MF treatment, it is still a challenge presently to promote MF treatment use in commercial applications. For successful implementation of MF treatments, it is essential to conduct a large number of screening experiments and more in-depth research on the effects of MF on cultivated plants.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140017997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to explore the role of glutamine (Gln) on plant germination and growth under salinity [0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)], and on the activation of some stress-related genes [CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, Alternative Oxidase (AOX), Procollagen Lysyl Hydroxylase (PLOD)-1, Chaperonin (CHAPE) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-21], genetic template stability and photosynthetic pigment activation. Under salt stress, 2 mM Gln application reduced the mean germination time (MGT) (4.51 days), increased the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) (75.85), germination index (GI) (1.46) and germination percentage (GP) (82%), indicating that it was the best application for germination under stress. Gln promoted the development of aboveground plant organs. 3 mM Gln increased the number of leaves from 5.3 to 13.7 and 4.3 to 6.6 under unstress and stress conditions, respectively. Under salt stress, Gln increased photosynthetic pigments and genomic template stability (GTS) (80%). At 2 mM Gln, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased from 1.59 mg · g-1 TA to 2.23 mg · g-1 TA and from 0.28 mg · g-1 TA to 0.37 mg · g-1 TA, respectively. The effect on gene expression levels varied with the concentration. The application of 2 mM Gln, which enhanced germination and vegetative parameters under stress, caused a raise in CuZn-SOD gene expression and a 43% decrease in the transcriptional expression of the HSP-21 gene as an indicator of the functionality of the repair mechanism. The improved growth of Gln-treated plants under stress suggests that Gln is involved in bridging the energy deficit of the plant by acting as an alternative fuel for metabolic activities under stress.
本研究旨在探讨谷氨酰胺（Gln）在盐度[0、50、100、150、200 mM氯化钠（NaCl）]条件下对植物萌发和生长的作用，以及对一些胁迫相关基因[CuZn-超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、Mn-SOD、替代氧化酶（AOX）、原胶原蛋白赖氨酰羟化酶（PLOD-1）、伴侣素（CHAPE）和热休克蛋白（HOX）]激活的作用、Mn-SOD、替代氧化酶（AOX）、胶原溶解羟化酶（PLOD）-1、伴侣素（CHAPE）和热休克蛋白（HSP）-21]、遗传模板稳定性和光合色素活化。在盐胁迫条件下，施用 2 mM Gln 可缩短平均发芽时间（MGT）（4.51 天），提高发芽速度系数（CVG）（75.85）、发芽指数（GI）（1.46）和发芽率（GP）（82%），表明它是胁迫条件下发芽的最佳施用方法。Gln 能促进植物地上器官的发育。在非胁迫和胁迫条件下，3 mM Gln 可使叶片数量分别从 5.3 片增加到 13.7 片和 4.3 片增加到 6.6 片。在盐胁迫条件下，Gln 增加了光合色素和基因组模板稳定性（GTS）（80%）。在 2 mM Gln 条件下，总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别从 1.59 mg - g-1 TA 增加到 2.23 mg - g-1 TA 和从 0.28 mg - g-1 TA 增加到 0.37 mg - g-1 TA。对基因表达水平的影响因浓度而异。施用 2 mM Gln 可提高胁迫下的发芽率和植株参数，但会导致 CuZn-SOD 基因表达量增加，而作为修复机制功能指标的 HSP-21 基因转录表达量减少 43%。经 Gln 处理的植物在胁迫下的生长情况有所改善，这表明 Gln 在胁迫下可作为代谢活动的替代燃料，参与弥补植物的能量不足。
{"title":"The role of exogenous glutamine on germination, plant development and transcriptional expression of some stress-related genes in onion under salt stress","authors":"Kamile Ulukapi, Ayse Gul Nasircilar","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to explore the role of glutamine (Gln) on plant germination and growth under salinity [0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)], and on the activation of some stress-related genes [CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD, Alternative Oxidase (AOX), Procollagen Lysyl Hydroxylase (PLOD)-1, Chaperonin (CHAPE) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP)-21], genetic template stability and photosynthetic pigment activation. Under salt stress, 2 mM Gln application reduced the mean germination time (MGT) (4.51 days), increased the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) (75.85), germination index (GI) (1.46) and germination percentage (GP) (82%), indicating that it was the best application for germination under stress. Gln promoted the development of aboveground plant organs. 3 mM Gln increased the number of leaves from 5.3 to 13.7 and 4.3 to 6.6 under unstress and stress conditions, respectively. Under salt stress, Gln increased photosynthetic pigments and genomic template stability (GTS) (80%). At 2 mM Gln, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content increased from 1.59 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA to 2.23 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA and from 0.28 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA to 0.37 mg · g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> TA, respectively. The effect on gene expression levels varied with the concentration. The application of 2 mM Gln, which enhanced germination and vegetative parameters under stress, caused a raise in CuZn-SOD gene expression and a 43% decrease in the transcriptional expression of the HSP-21 gene as an indicator of the functionality of the repair mechanism. The improved growth of Gln-treated plants under stress suggests that Gln is involved in bridging the energy deficit of the plant by acting as an alternative fuel for metabolic activities under stress.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139945428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemat A. EL-Bauome, Samar M. Doklega, Said A. Saleh, Ahmed S. Mohamed, Ahmad A. Suliman, Mahmoud A.M. Abd El-Hady
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that significantly decreases the productivity of agricultural crops. Melatonin (MT) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in overcoming oxidative damage. However, previous literature has not provided a clear understanding of the impact of MT on lettuce plants under salinity stress. So, we investigated the effect of exogenous MT at 0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM and 150 μM on lettuce plants grown under salinity stress (0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) with respect to vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, O2•- and antioxidants enzymes. Results showed that NaCl stress significantly decreased vegetative growth, RWC and photosynthetic pigments and in contrast enhanced dry matter, EL, MDA, H2O2, O2•-, Na+, Cl-, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of lettuce plants compared to non-salinized control. The results demonstrated that under salinity conditions, foliar applications of MT significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salinity and increased number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids and RWC in comparison to untreated plants (control). Meanwhile, dry matter, MDA, H2O2, O2•-, Na+, Cl-, POD, SOD and GR were significantly decreased compared to untreated lettuce plants. In this respect, spraying MT at 150 μM ranked the first, then 100 μM, compared to the lower concentration (50 μM). In conclusion, MT application can be used to alleviate harmful effects of salinity stress.
盐分是最重要的非生物胁迫之一，会大大降低农作物的产量。褪黑激素（MT）是一种抗氧化剂，在克服氧化损伤方面发挥着重要作用。然而，以往的文献并没有清楚地了解盐胁迫下 MT 对莴苣植株的影响。因此，我们研究了0 μM、50 μM、100 μM和150 μM浓度的外源MT对盐度胁迫（0 mM NaCl、50 mM NaCl和100 mM NaCl）下生长的莴苣植株在植株生长、光合色素、相对含水量（RWC）、电解质渗漏（EL）、丙二醛（MDA）、H2O2、O2-和抗氧化酶等方面的影响。结果表明，与非盐渍化对照相比，盐渍化胁迫明显降低了莴苣植株的无性生长、相对含水量（RWC）和光合色素，相反却提高了干物质、EL、MDA、H2O2、O2-、Na+、Cl-、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）。结果表明，在盐渍条件下，叶面喷施 MT 能明显减轻盐渍的有害影响，与未处理的植株（对照）相比，叶片数、叶面积、鲜重、叶绿素（a）、叶绿素（b）、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和 RWC 均有所增加。同时，与未处理的莴苣植株相比，干物质、MDA、H2O2、O2-、Na+、Cl-、POD、SOD 和 GR 显著减少。在这方面，与低浓度（50 μM）相比，喷洒 150 μM MT 的效果最好，其次是 100 μM。总之，施用 MT 可减轻盐胁迫的有害影响。
{"title":"Effects of melatonin on lettuce plant growth, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments under salinity stress conditions","authors":"Hemat A. EL-Bauome, Samar M. Doklega, Said A. Saleh, Ahmed S. Mohamed, Ahmad A. Suliman, Mahmoud A.M. Abd El-Hady","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that significantly decreases the productivity of agricultural crops. Melatonin (MT) acts as an antioxidant and plays a vital role in overcoming oxidative damage. However, previous literature has not provided a clear understanding of the impact of MT on lettuce plants under salinity stress. So, we investigated the effect of exogenous MT at 0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM and 150 μM on lettuce plants grown under salinity stress (0 mM NaCl, 50 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl) with respect to vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>•-</jats:sup> and antioxidants enzymes. Results showed that NaCl stress significantly decreased vegetative growth, RWC and photosynthetic pigments and in contrast enhanced dry matter, EL, MDA, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>•-</jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, Cl-, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) of lettuce plants compared to non-salinized control. The results demonstrated that under salinity conditions, foliar applications of MT significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salinity and increased number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, chlorophyll (a), chlorophyll (b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids and RWC in comparison to untreated plants (control). Meanwhile, dry matter, MDA, H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> <jats:sup>•-</jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup>, Cl-, POD, SOD and GR were significantly decreased compared to untreated lettuce plants. In this respect, spraying MT at 150 μM ranked the first, then 100 μM, compared to the lower concentration (50 μM). In conclusion, MT application can be used to alleviate harmful effects of salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139752617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akath Singh, Kundan Kishore, Pradeep Kumar, P. S. Khapte, D. S. Mishra, Dalpat Singh, Hukam Singh Kothyari
Arid region is characterised by extreme climatic condition, poor soil health and over-exploitation of natural resources. Under prevailing conditions of arid India, Ficus carica is an emerging fruit crop with high commercial value and nutritional significance. Phenological study plays an important role in ensuring efficient crop management practices, but such studies in fig have not yet been conducted in India. The present study was conducted with an aim to define and describe phenological stages of common fig cultivar ‘Diana’ in arid regions according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH)-scale using two-digit numerical system. The BBCH scale markedly explains various developmental stages of crops. Seven principal growth stages, viz. bud development (0), leaf development (1), shoot development (3), inflorescence development (5), flower development (6), syconium (fig receptacle) development (7) and fruit maturation (8), and 25 secondary growth stages of fig have been described. The sequential progression of principal growth stages of fig indicated temporal variation in growth pattern as well as overlapping of secondary growth stages. Phenological description will act as a pragmatic approach to define growth stages in order to facilitate timely agronomic practices such as canopy management, nutrient management and irrigation scheduling, pest and disease management. Since fig is considered one of the important minor fruits of India, a detailed phenological description will be instrumental in enhancing its potential in arid and semi-arid regions.
{"title":"Phenological growth and development stages of common fig (Ficus carica L.) under arid climate of India","authors":"Akath Singh, Kundan Kishore, Pradeep Kumar, P. S. Khapte, D. S. Mishra, Dalpat Singh, Hukam Singh Kothyari","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Arid region is characterised by extreme climatic condition, poor soil health and over-exploitation of natural resources. Under prevailing conditions of arid India, <jats:italic>Ficus carica</jats:italic> is an emerging fruit crop with high commercial value and nutritional significance. Phenological study plays an important role in ensuring efficient crop management practices, but such studies in fig have not yet been conducted in India. The present study was conducted with an aim to define and describe phenological stages of common fig cultivar ‘Diana’ in arid regions according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie (BBCH)-scale using two-digit numerical system. The BBCH scale markedly explains various developmental stages of crops. Seven principal growth stages, viz. bud development (0), leaf development (1), shoot development (3), inflorescence development (5), flower development (6), syconium (fig receptacle) development (7) and fruit maturation (8), and 25 secondary growth stages of fig have been described. The sequential progression of principal growth stages of fig indicated temporal variation in growth pattern as well as overlapping of secondary growth stages. Phenological description will act as a pragmatic approach to define growth stages in order to facilitate timely agronomic practices such as canopy management, nutrient management and irrigation scheduling, pest and disease management. Since fig is considered one of the important minor fruits of India, a detailed phenological description will be instrumental in enhancing its potential in arid and semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139656546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Trobjon Makhkamov, Oybek Mamarakhimov, Akramjon Yuldashev, Laziza Botirova, Dilshod Mamadiyarov, Shazia Sultana, Salman Majeed, Jamil Raza, Prem Kumar
This study aimed to examine the pollen and pollinia morpho-structure of 18 horticultural Apocynaceous species. Advanced light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM) were used to elaborate on and examine the systematic importance of pollen and pollinia micromorphology. Pollen grains were first acetolysed, which was followed by visualisation of their sculpturing features. The quantified data were subjected to statistical tools to elucidate dendrogram clustering and principal component analysis to reveal pollen/pollinia morphotypes. The size of pollen is variable, ranging from 113.45 μm in Cascabela thevetia to 23.4 μm in Alstonia scholaris. The study revealed tetrad, tetraporate, and tricolporate grains. Sculpturing (exine ornamentation) varies from reticulate perforate to reticulate. Pollinum shape was observed to be narrow oblong, obovate, orbicular, and reniform. Reticulate-psilate sculptural features were prominent among pollinia surfaces. Based on examination, it was ascertained that the minimum exine thickness in Periploca aphylla was 4.9 μm, whereas the corresponding number in Cryptolepis dubia was 1.35 μm. Taxonomic identification keys were constructed separately based on pollen/pollinia characters to identify the Apocynaceous taxa. In the presented study, seven pollen shapes were observed: from oblate to per prolate. The findings confirm that morphopollinic traits differ amongst genera of Apocynaceous species. However, these features can be used to distinguish the Apocynaceous taxa. The results show that structural characteristics of pollen and pollinia can help accurately identify Apocynaceous species.
{"title":"Exploring intraspecific pollen morphology variation in Apocynaceae: A roadmap for horticultural innovation","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Muhammad Zafar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Trobjon Makhkamov, Oybek Mamarakhimov, Akramjon Yuldashev, Laziza Botirova, Dilshod Mamadiyarov, Shazia Sultana, Salman Majeed, Jamil Raza, Prem Kumar","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to examine the pollen and pollinia morpho-structure of 18 horticultural Apocynaceous species. Advanced light and scanning electron microscopy (LM and SEM) were used to elaborate on and examine the systematic importance of pollen and pollinia micromorphology. Pollen grains were first acetolysed, which was followed by visualisation of their sculpturing features. The quantified data were subjected to statistical tools to elucidate dendrogram clustering and principal component analysis to reveal pollen/pollinia morphotypes. The size of pollen is variable, ranging from 113.45 μm in <jats:italic>Cascabela thevetia</jats:italic> to 23.4 μm in <jats:italic>Alstonia scholaris.</jats:italic> The study revealed tetrad, tetraporate, and tricolporate grains. Sculpturing (exine ornamentation) varies from reticulate perforate to reticulate. Pollinum shape was observed to be narrow oblong, obovate, orbicular, and reniform. Reticulate-psilate sculptural features were prominent among pollinia surfaces. Based on examination, it was ascertained that the minimum exine thickness in <jats:italic>Periploca aphylla</jats:italic> was 4.9 μm, whereas the corresponding number in <jats:italic>Cryptolepis dubia</jats:italic> was 1.35 μm. Taxonomic identification keys were constructed separately based on pollen/pollinia characters to identify the Apocynaceous taxa. In the presented study, seven pollen shapes were observed: from oblate to per prolate. The findings confirm that morphopollinic traits differ amongst genera of Apocynaceous species. However, these features can be used to distinguish the Apocynaceous taxa. The results show that structural characteristics of pollen and pollinia can help accurately identify Apocynaceous species.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Cristina Alves Custódio, S. Pimenta, Fátima de Souza Gomes, N. S. Silva, B. Rodrigues, Fabrícia Cardoso Oliveira, Nelson de Abreu Delvaux Júnior, Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira
ABSTRACT Ornamental peppers have a significant economic importance in the national and international markets; however, few cultivars intended for this purpose are grown in Brazil. The objective of this study was to select partially inbred lines (PIL) of peppers with ornamental potential, based on quantitative and qualitative variables with high heritability. The study was conducted over six generations for 4 consecutive years, using the single seed descent method. The last phase (VI) consisted of growing plants of the F5 generation for selection. Qualitative (LD) and quantitative (QD) descriptors were considered and the ideal genotypes were defined. The statistical analyses consisted of estimating variance components and genetic parameters and predicting genetic values, using REML/BLUP for QD, except for cycle to flowering (CF) and cycle to maturation (CM), which were analysed qualitatively. Therefore, CF and CM were analysed through frequency distribution of continuous variables within class intervals. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate LD. The results showed that residual values exceeded genetic values, resulting in low heritability for QD, and therefore, they were not considered for PIL selection. Regarding LD, genetic variability was found among the population genotypes for all evaluated descriptors. The selection based on ideal genotypes enabled the selection of 82 PIL with LD of high ornamental value, which differ from the materials already available on the market. The selected genotypes will be used for developing future generations until allele fixation, focussed on subsequent selection of candidate lines for new ornamental pepper cultivars.
{"title":"Selection of ideal genotypes in peppers with ornamental potential","authors":"Gabriela Cristina Alves Custódio, S. Pimenta, Fátima de Souza Gomes, N. S. Silva, B. Rodrigues, Fabrícia Cardoso Oliveira, Nelson de Abreu Delvaux Júnior, Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0033","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ornamental peppers have a significant economic importance in the national and international markets; however, few cultivars intended for this purpose are grown in Brazil. The objective of this study was to select partially inbred lines (PIL) of peppers with ornamental potential, based on quantitative and qualitative variables with high heritability. The study was conducted over six generations for 4 consecutive years, using the single seed descent method. The last phase (VI) consisted of growing plants of the F5 generation for selection. Qualitative (LD) and quantitative (QD) descriptors were considered and the ideal genotypes were defined. The statistical analyses consisted of estimating variance components and genetic parameters and predicting genetic values, using REML/BLUP for QD, except for cycle to flowering (CF) and cycle to maturation (CM), which were analysed qualitatively. Therefore, CF and CM were analysed through frequency distribution of continuous variables within class intervals. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate LD. The results showed that residual values exceeded genetic values, resulting in low heritability for QD, and therefore, they were not considered for PIL selection. Regarding LD, genetic variability was found among the population genotypes for all evaluated descriptors. The selection based on ideal genotypes enabled the selection of 82 PIL with LD of high ornamental value, which differ from the materials already available on the market. The selected genotypes will be used for developing future generations until allele fixation, focussed on subsequent selection of candidate lines for new ornamental pepper cultivars.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarmila Neugebauerová, Eliška Hakalová, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jana Čechová, Jana Raddová, Dorota Tekielska, Robert Pokluda
Rhubarb (Rheum L.) is a well-known medicinal and culinary plant. Apart from its rich nutritional value, rhubarb contains a higher concentration of oxalates. In this study, the content of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA) within three rhubarb species (Rheum rhabarbarum, R. rhaponticum and R. palmatum × wittrockii) differentiated to 16 accessions in a gene bank rhubarb collection (Lednice, Czech Republic) in the condition of conventional production in the South Moravia region during the harvesting period was evaluated. While L-ascorbic acid is essential in human nutrition, oxalic acid is considered toxic, and high doses may cause serious health issues. AA and OA content, the morphology evaluation and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats)-based genetic analysis were performed. The results of this study confirm the significant influence of taxonomy and harvesting time on the content of AA in Rheum accessions. The content of AA was determined from 6 mg · 100 g-1 to 10 g · 100 g-1 fresh weight (FW) at the beginning of the harvesting season (May) up to 25 mg · 100 g-1 FW at the end of the harvesting period. The content of OA strongly varied from 300 mg · 100 g-1 to 1800 mg · 100 g-1 FW. Regarding the antinutrient character of oxalate, the optimal harvest period of this region was estimated to be from May to early June, when the OA content was the lowest. The role of AA as a precursor of oxalate formation in rhubarb was not affirmed by the results of this study.
大黄（Rheum L.）是一种著名的药用和烹饪植物。除了丰富的营养价值外，大黄还含有较高浓度的草酸盐。本研究评估了南摩拉维亚地区常规生产条件下，大黄基因库（捷克共和国莱德尼采）收集的 16 个大黄品种（Rheum rhabarbarum、R. rhaponticum 和 R. palmatum × wittrockii）在收获期的 L-抗坏血酸（AA）和草酸（OA）含量。左旋抗坏血酸是人体营养的必需品，而草酸被认为是有毒的，高剂量可能会导致严重的健康问题。研究人员对 AA 和 OA 含量、形态评估和基于 ISSR（简单序列间重复）的遗传分析进行了评估。研究结果证实，分类和采收时间对大黄的 AA 含量有显著影响。在采收季节（5 月）初期，AA 的含量为 6 毫克-100 克-1 至 10 克-100 克-1 鲜重（FW），采收期结束时，AA 的含量为 25 毫克-100 克-1 鲜重（FW）。OA 的含量变化很大，从 300 毫克-100 克-1 到 1800 毫克-100 克-1 鲜重不等。关于草酸盐的抗营养特性，该地区的最佳收获期估计为 5 月至 6 月初，此时 OA 含量最低。本研究结果并未证实 AA 是大黄中草酸盐形成的前体。
{"title":"Influence of Rheum taxa and harvesting date on the content of L-ascorbic acid and oxalic acid in the climatic conditions of South Moravia (Czech Republic)","authors":"Jarmila Neugebauerová, Eliška Hakalová, Lucia Nedorost Ragasová, Jana Čechová, Jana Raddová, Dorota Tekielska, Robert Pokluda","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"Rhubarb (<jats:italic>Rheum</jats:italic> L.) is a well-known medicinal and culinary plant. Apart from its rich nutritional value, rhubarb contains a higher concentration of oxalates. In this study, the content of L-ascorbic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA) within three rhubarb species (<jats:italic>Rheum rhabarbarum, R. rhaponticum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. palmatum</jats:italic> × <jats:italic>wittrockii</jats:italic>) differentiated to 16 accessions in a gene bank rhubarb collection (Lednice, Czech Republic) in the condition of conventional production in the South Moravia region during the harvesting period was evaluated. While L-ascorbic acid is essential in human nutrition, oxalic acid is considered toxic, and high doses may cause serious health issues. AA and OA content, the morphology evaluation and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats)-based genetic analysis were performed. The results of this study confirm the significant influence of taxonomy and harvesting time on the content of AA in Rheum accessions. The content of AA was determined from 6 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> to 10 g · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> fresh weight (FW) at the beginning of the harvesting season (May) up to 25 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> FW at the end of the harvesting period. The content of OA strongly varied from 300 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> to 1800 mg · 100 g<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> FW. Regarding the antinutrient character of oxalate, the optimal harvest period of this region was estimated to be from May to early June, when the OA content was the lowest. The role of AA as a precursor of oxalate formation in rhubarb was not affirmed by the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of light, temperature, sucrose and PEG on the growth of Fragaria vesca in vitro and the expression of regulatory Myb10, WD40 and enzyme-coding genes CHI, CHS, DFR, EGL, F3H and UFGT, which are essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis. We observed plants’ response to osmotic stress, the decrease in growth and microshoot weight. A change in the expression of the investigated genes was evident under the suboptimal concentration of sucrose. The addition of PEG to the medium caused a decrease in microshoot weight and gene expression. Blue + red lights of the LED lighting system significantly affected microshoot growth in vitro. Red and blue + red + UV lights slightly reduced microshoot weight and caused a reddish colour of petioles, which indicate increased anthocyanin synthesis. Moreover, most of the studied genes’ expression tended to increase when shoots were exposed to blue, blue + red and blue + red + UV lights. A temperature of 15°C (vs 22°C) significantly reduced the mean fresh weight of microshoots while increasing CHI and CHS gene expression and decreasing WD40 gene expression. Exposure to a higher temperature (30°C) induced the vitrification of microshoots, although the fresh weight did not differ from that of the control. Gene expression also depended on the duration of exposure. In the case of CHS, gene expression remained the same or increased after exposure for 1 week and then decreased after exposure for 4 weeks.
{"title":"The effect of osmotic stress, lighting spectrum and temperature on growth and gene expression related to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in vitro","authors":"Jurgita Vinskienė, Vidmantas Bendokas, Vidmantas Stanys, Audrius Sasnauskas, Rytis Rugienius","doi":"10.2478/fhort-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of light, temperature, sucrose and PEG on the growth of <jats:italic>Fragaria vesca in vitro</jats:italic> and the expression of regulatory <jats:italic>Myb10, WD40</jats:italic> and enzyme-coding genes <jats:italic>CHI, CHS, DFR, EGL, F3H</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>UFGT</jats:italic>, which are essential for anthocyanin biosynthesis. We observed plants’ response to osmotic stress, the decrease in growth and microshoot weight. A change in the expression of the investigated genes was evident under the suboptimal concentration of sucrose. The addition of PEG to the medium caused a decrease in microshoot weight and gene expression. Blue + red lights of the LED lighting system significantly affected microshoot growth <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>. Red and blue + red + UV lights slightly reduced microshoot weight and caused a reddish colour of petioles, which indicate increased anthocyanin synthesis. Moreover, most of the studied genes’ expression tended to increase when shoots were exposed to blue, blue + red and blue + red + UV lights. A temperature of 15°C (vs 22°C) significantly reduced the mean fresh weight of microshoots while increasing <jats:italic>CHI</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CHS</jats:italic> gene expression and decreasing <jats:italic>WD40</jats:italic> gene expression. Exposure to a higher temperature (30°C) induced the vitrification of microshoots, although the fresh weight did not differ from that of the control. Gene expression also depended on the duration of exposure. In the case of <jats:italic>CHS</jats:italic>, gene expression remained the same or increased after exposure for 1 week and then decreased after exposure for 4 weeks.","PeriodicalId":12277,"journal":{"name":"Folia Horticulturae","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138682610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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