Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668662
R. Whapham, J. Robinson
Factory-formed dead-ends have been utilized to terminate conductors on distribution lines for decades. Conductor dead-ends on transmission lines have traditionally been of a bolted or compression design. The advent of high temperature conductors and the desire by utilities to operate lines at higher temperatures (increased power flow) has spurred the development of appropriate conductor hardware. Specially designed factory-formed dead-ends for high temperature conductors have been developed, tested in the laboratory and on field test lines, and installed on operating transmission lines
{"title":"Use of Factory-Formed Dead-Ends On High Temperature Conductors","authors":"R. Whapham, J. Robinson","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668662","url":null,"abstract":"Factory-formed dead-ends have been utilized to terminate conductors on distribution lines for decades. Conductor dead-ends on transmission lines have traditionally been of a bolted or compression design. The advent of high temperature conductors and the desire by utilities to operate lines at higher temperatures (increased power flow) has spurred the development of appropriate conductor hardware. Specially designed factory-formed dead-ends for high temperature conductors have been developed, tested in the laboratory and on field test lines, and installed on operating transmission lines","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130713820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668545
A. Gole
Computer studies for dynamic shunt compensation are useful in determining the performance of the compensating device as well as the system into which it is connected. Due to the significant amount of power electronics in modern dynamic compensators, electromagnetic transients simulation of both the off-line and real time variety is widely used for aspects such as controller tuning, harmonic resonance analysis, determination of operating limits and interaction with other dynamic devices in the network. For studying the impact of shunt compensation on the stability of large system, transient stability modelling can be used. Small signal analysis although less accurate, provides insight into optimal placement of the compensation as well as controller gain selection
{"title":"Computer Studies of Dynamic Shunt Compensation Performance","authors":"A. Gole","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668545","url":null,"abstract":"Computer studies for dynamic shunt compensation are useful in determining the performance of the compensating device as well as the system into which it is connected. Due to the significant amount of power electronics in modern dynamic compensators, electromagnetic transients simulation of both the off-line and real time variety is widely used for aspects such as controller tuning, harmonic resonance analysis, determination of operating limits and interaction with other dynamic devices in the network. For studying the impact of shunt compensation on the stability of large system, transient stability modelling can be used. Small signal analysis although less accurate, provides insight into optimal placement of the compensation as well as controller gain selection","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127869480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668537
F. Crudele, P. Sutherland, T. Short
Basic recommendations are provided for enhancing the reliability of new and existing capacitor controller installations by optimizing their resistance to surges. The sources and types of surges commonly experienced by capacitor controllers are discussed with consideration given to circuit parameters that can influence the magnitude of surges reaching the controller. Different controller surge protection configurations are examined including providing auxiliary secondary-side surge protection. The discussion culminates with some basic surge protection recommendations to enhance the lightning performance of capacitor controllers
{"title":"Lightning Protection of Distribution Capacitor Controllers","authors":"F. Crudele, P. Sutherland, T. Short","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668537","url":null,"abstract":"Basic recommendations are provided for enhancing the reliability of new and existing capacitor controller installations by optimizing their resistance to surges. The sources and types of surges commonly experienced by capacitor controllers are discussed with consideration given to circuit parameters that can influence the magnitude of surges reaching the controller. Different controller surge protection configurations are examined including providing auxiliary secondary-side surge protection. The discussion culminates with some basic surge protection recommendations to enhance the lightning performance of capacitor controllers","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128849034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668728
R. Piwko, E. Larsen
A new power transmission technology has been developed. The variable frequency transformer (VFT) is a controllable, bi-directional transmission device that can transfer power between asynchronous networks. Functionally, the VFT is similar to a back-to-back HVDC converter. The core technology of the VFT is a rotary transformer with three-phase windings on both rotor and stator. A motor and drive system are used to adjust the rotational position of the rotor relative to the stator, thereby controlling the magnitude and direction of the power flowing through the VFT. The worlds first VFT was recently installed in Hydro-Quebec's Langlois substation, where it will be used to exchange up to 100 MW of power between the asynchronous power grids of Quebec (Canada) and New York (USA). This paper describes the VFT technology and provides an overview of the VFT equipment installed at Langlois substation. Results of commissioning tests are also included
{"title":"Variable Frequency Transformer - FACTS Technology for Asynchronous Power Transfer","authors":"R. Piwko, E. Larsen","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668728","url":null,"abstract":"A new power transmission technology has been developed. The variable frequency transformer (VFT) is a controllable, bi-directional transmission device that can transfer power between asynchronous networks. Functionally, the VFT is similar to a back-to-back HVDC converter. The core technology of the VFT is a rotary transformer with three-phase windings on both rotor and stator. A motor and drive system are used to adjust the rotational position of the rotor relative to the stator, thereby controlling the magnitude and direction of the power flowing through the VFT. The worlds first VFT was recently installed in Hydro-Quebec's Langlois substation, where it will be used to exchange up to 100 MW of power between the asynchronous power grids of Quebec (Canada) and New York (USA). This paper describes the VFT technology and provides an overview of the VFT equipment installed at Langlois substation. Results of commissioning tests are also included","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668698
M. Falvo, R. Lamedica, A. Prudenzi
The present paper reports a correction algorithm based on meteorological parameters, to apply to a medium-term load forecasting (MTLF) available system. To this aim a correlation study between various meteorological data and electric load of a Municipal Utility has been performed. In particular the analyzed meteorological data concern temperature and humidity gathered along a period often years. This correlation analysis made possible to heuristically identify the correction algorithm that is finally tested by evaluating forecasting accuracy of a MTLF system, based on a artificial neural network (ANN), using only electric time series
{"title":"Meteorological Parameters Influence for Medium Term Load Forecasting","authors":"M. Falvo, R. Lamedica, A. Prudenzi","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668698","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper reports a correction algorithm based on meteorological parameters, to apply to a medium-term load forecasting (MTLF) available system. To this aim a correlation study between various meteorological data and electric load of a Municipal Utility has been performed. In particular the analyzed meteorological data concern temperature and humidity gathered along a period often years. This correlation analysis made possible to heuristically identify the correction algorithm that is finally tested by evaluating forecasting accuracy of a MTLF system, based on a artificial neural network (ANN), using only electric time series","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126077437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668467
H. Javadi, H. Hemmatjou, M. Farzaneh
Snow and ice accumulation on high voltage equipment such as insulators and conductors may cause problems of mechanical and electrical origins. One of the most serious problems under snow and ice accumulation is insulator flashover, which has been studied to some extent by researchers in several cold climate countries. In this paper, the AC flashover process and electrical behavior of snow deposited on a polymer insulator is the subject of study. Moreover, a mathematical model for simulating the behavior of snow under alternating voltage is presented. For this, two experimental setups were developed and from the voltage-current characteristics of snow, which were measured from several different tests, it was found that the voltage across snow and the leakage current flowing through the snow-covered insulator are almost in the same phase, which it means that a snow-covered insulator behaves as a pure resistance. The resistance of snow is not linear, as it decreases as voltage increases. An increase in length of the snow cover results in an increasing in flashover voltage, but increasing the density and conductivity of water melted from snow yields the inverse effect and causes a sharp decrease in flashover voltage
{"title":"Process and Modeling of Arc on a Snow-Covered Insulator","authors":"H. Javadi, H. Hemmatjou, M. Farzaneh","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668467","url":null,"abstract":"Snow and ice accumulation on high voltage equipment such as insulators and conductors may cause problems of mechanical and electrical origins. One of the most serious problems under snow and ice accumulation is insulator flashover, which has been studied to some extent by researchers in several cold climate countries. In this paper, the AC flashover process and electrical behavior of snow deposited on a polymer insulator is the subject of study. Moreover, a mathematical model for simulating the behavior of snow under alternating voltage is presented. For this, two experimental setups were developed and from the voltage-current characteristics of snow, which were measured from several different tests, it was found that the voltage across snow and the leakage current flowing through the snow-covered insulator are almost in the same phase, which it means that a snow-covered insulator behaves as a pure resistance. The resistance of snow is not linear, as it decreases as voltage increases. An increase in length of the snow cover results in an increasing in flashover voltage, but increasing the density and conductivity of water melted from snow yields the inverse effect and causes a sharp decrease in flashover voltage","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126928567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668564
A. Cavallini, G. Montanari, B. Codet, P. Vetu
This paper presents results of partial discharge tests that have been carried out on high voltage instrument transformers. The goal is to develop diagnostic tools that, starting from partial discharge measurements, can provide indications on the degradation state of the paper/oil transformer insulation systems. Preliminary results indicate the PD source recognition is a fundamental tool to assess the condition of the transformer being monitored, while relying only upon partial discharge repetition rate and magnitude can provide misleading indications
{"title":"Condition Assessment of Instrument Transformer by Partial Discharge Analysis: A Comprehensive Approach","authors":"A. Cavallini, G. Montanari, B. Codet, P. Vetu","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668564","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of partial discharge tests that have been carried out on high voltage instrument transformers. The goal is to develop diagnostic tools that, starting from partial discharge measurements, can provide indications on the degradation state of the paper/oil transformer insulation systems. Preliminary results indicate the PD source recognition is a fundamental tool to assess the condition of the transformer being monitored, while relying only upon partial discharge repetition rate and magnitude can provide misleading indications","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125090797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668540
R. Dupont-Ferreira, J.-P. Rouzarud
EDF has widely implemented demand response in France. Six million meters provide residential customers with the ability to subscribe to an off-peak hours tariff. For commercial and industrial customers, different tariffs exist to provide substantial economies when the customer is able to control consumption. Today, EDF is looking at providing more flexible services, adapted to the complexity of the deregulated market. A proposal of the European parliament to increase energy efficiency at the end-use side (achieve an additional 1 % of savings each year) could also open a huge potential market. EDF is conducting several R&D projects on residential and commercial metering. A major aspect of the work is the integration to the information systems of the company. EDF is evolving its meters towards open standardized interface to answer regulatory mandates as well as to enable competitive procurement and reduce life-cycle costs
{"title":"EDF Plans for Implementation of Consumer Portal Functions","authors":"R. Dupont-Ferreira, J.-P. Rouzarud","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668540","url":null,"abstract":"EDF has widely implemented demand response in France. Six million meters provide residential customers with the ability to subscribe to an off-peak hours tariff. For commercial and industrial customers, different tariffs exist to provide substantial economies when the customer is able to control consumption. Today, EDF is looking at providing more flexible services, adapted to the complexity of the deregulated market. A proposal of the European parliament to increase energy efficiency at the end-use side (achieve an additional 1 % of savings each year) could also open a huge potential market. EDF is conducting several R&D projects on residential and commercial metering. A major aspect of the work is the integration to the information systems of the company. EDF is evolving its meters towards open standardized interface to answer regulatory mandates as well as to enable competitive procurement and reduce life-cycle costs","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125213446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668635
H. A. Darwish, M. Izzularab, N. Elkalashy
In this paper, electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) aided design tool for active commutation circuit of an HVDC circuit breaker is presented. The breaker arc is modeled using the modified Mayr equations, and its interaction with the active commutation circuit is considered in a novel manner. Based on this simulation, an iterative methodology is developed to determine the most suitable elements of the commutation circuit. The performance of the designed breaker is tested using an equivalent test circuit. Then, the breaker interruption capability is examined for different current levels to validate its effectiveness. The test results have shown that the proposed design procedure is competitive to the experimental one
{"title":"Enhanced Commutation Circuit Design of hvdc Circuit Breaker Using EMTP","authors":"H. A. Darwish, M. Izzularab, N. Elkalashy","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668635","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) aided design tool for active commutation circuit of an HVDC circuit breaker is presented. The breaker arc is modeled using the modified Mayr equations, and its interaction with the active commutation circuit is considered in a novel manner. Based on this simulation, an iterative methodology is developed to determine the most suitable elements of the commutation circuit. The performance of the designed breaker is tested using an equivalent test circuit. Then, the breaker interruption capability is examined for different current levels to validate its effectiveness. The test results have shown that the proposed design procedure is competitive to the experimental one","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122893792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668612
A. Depew, J. M. Parsick, R. Dempsey, C. Benner, B. Russell, M. Adamiak
High-impedance, arcing faults (HiZ faults) are a perennial problem for distribution systems. They typically occur when overhead conductors break and fall, but fail to achieve a sufficiently low-impedance path to draw significant fault current. As a result, conventional protection cannot clear them, resulting in situations that are hazardous both to personnel and to property. Texas A&M researchers spent two decades characterizing HiZ faults and developing and testing algorithms for detecting them. In the mid 1990's, General Electric commercialized the algorithms in a relay for detecting a large percentage of these faults, while maintaining security against false operations. In an effort to mitigate problems associated with these faults, Potomac Electric Power Company (Pepco) installed the HiZ relays. They evaluated the performance of these relays on 280 feeders over a period of two years and gained significant operational experience with them. Being the first utility to apply high-impedance fault detection technology on such a widespread basis makes Pepco's experience valuable to other utilities that are struggling with decisions regarding their own response to the problem of high-impedance faults
{"title":"Field Experience with High-Impedance Fault Detection Relays","authors":"A. Depew, J. M. Parsick, R. Dempsey, C. Benner, B. Russell, M. Adamiak","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668612","url":null,"abstract":"High-impedance, arcing faults (HiZ faults) are a perennial problem for distribution systems. They typically occur when overhead conductors break and fall, but fail to achieve a sufficiently low-impedance path to draw significant fault current. As a result, conventional protection cannot clear them, resulting in situations that are hazardous both to personnel and to property. Texas A&M researchers spent two decades characterizing HiZ faults and developing and testing algorithms for detecting them. In the mid 1990's, General Electric commercialized the algorithms in a relay for detecting a large percentage of these faults, while maintaining security against false operations. In an effort to mitigate problems associated with these faults, Potomac Electric Power Company (Pepco) installed the HiZ relays. They evaluated the performance of these relays on 280 feeders over a period of two years and gained significant operational experience with them. Being the first utility to apply high-impedance fault detection technology on such a widespread basis makes Pepco's experience valuable to other utilities that are struggling with decisions regarding their own response to the problem of high-impedance faults","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123033306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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