Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668462
K. Butler-Purry, M. Marotti
Proper protection of distribution systems is essential to ensure high reliability and power quality. With the proposed migration to the inclusion of distributed generation in distribution systems, it is critical that the protection schemes be adapted to address these new and very different system characteristics. The authors of this paper have studied the impact of the integration of DGs in radial distribution systems on the selectivity and coordination of existing overcurrent protection schemes. Studies were conducted using the IEEE 34 node test feeder. Protective devices and distributed generators were added to the test feeder. Normal and short circuit characteristics of the feeder with and without distributed generators were analyzed. The analysis is being used to determine how overcurrent protection must be modified to properly protect distribution systems with DGs. This presentation discusses the findings of these studies
{"title":"Impact of Distributed Generators on Protective Devices in Radial Distribution Systems","authors":"K. Butler-Purry, M. Marotti","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668462","url":null,"abstract":"Proper protection of distribution systems is essential to ensure high reliability and power quality. With the proposed migration to the inclusion of distributed generation in distribution systems, it is critical that the protection schemes be adapted to address these new and very different system characteristics. The authors of this paper have studied the impact of the integration of DGs in radial distribution systems on the selectivity and coordination of existing overcurrent protection schemes. Studies were conducted using the IEEE 34 node test feeder. Protective devices and distributed generators were added to the test feeder. Normal and short circuit characteristics of the feeder with and without distributed generators were analyzed. The analysis is being used to determine how overcurrent protection must be modified to properly protect distribution systems with DGs. This presentation discusses the findings of these studies","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131258590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668656
G. Cheng, Z. Xu, J. Chao
When such severe contingency as double pole block fault arouses instability in the South China interconnected power system (SCIPS), selective tripping of generating units in the sending end has to be used as a method to maintain system stability. In case the tripped units go through a shutdown and cold start cycle for long duration, it is desirable that they should be hot started and resynchronized to the system as soon as possible to make a quick recovery of the system after fault. Under conditions where the DC fault is permanent, however, such objective is difficult to achieve. This paper presents a control strategy that power generation of some running units be reduced during this process to permit the tripped units to be resynchronized to the system without changing the power level at the sending end, which enables the tripped units to be restored to load rapidly without disturbing system stability. With user models developed in PSS/E, simulations were performed on the SCIPS to investigate the system behavior during reloading process of those thermal units which had been tripped following DC block fault. The results show that power generation at the sending end can be maintained at a reasonable steady level when output of some running units are appropriately reduced during the reloading process of the thermal units, thus having little impact on the system stability, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme
{"title":"Restoration Strategies for the South China Interconnected Power System after Generator Tripping following DC System Fault","authors":"G. Cheng, Z. Xu, J. Chao","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668656","url":null,"abstract":"When such severe contingency as double pole block fault arouses instability in the South China interconnected power system (SCIPS), selective tripping of generating units in the sending end has to be used as a method to maintain system stability. In case the tripped units go through a shutdown and cold start cycle for long duration, it is desirable that they should be hot started and resynchronized to the system as soon as possible to make a quick recovery of the system after fault. Under conditions where the DC fault is permanent, however, such objective is difficult to achieve. This paper presents a control strategy that power generation of some running units be reduced during this process to permit the tripped units to be resynchronized to the system without changing the power level at the sending end, which enables the tripped units to be restored to load rapidly without disturbing system stability. With user models developed in PSS/E, simulations were performed on the SCIPS to investigate the system behavior during reloading process of those thermal units which had been tripped following DC block fault. The results show that power generation at the sending end can be maintained at a reasonable steady level when output of some running units are appropriately reduced during the reloading process of the thermal units, thus having little impact on the system stability, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131683750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668580
J. Petit, H. Amaris, G. Robles
This paper shows a new strategy to calculate the reference current in a power active filter used to mitigate harmonics injected by non-linear loads and analyze the performance of this for the different current control schemes. The reference current and the filter current are predicted a sampling period ahead to reduce and compensate the delay time effects caused by the acquisition times, the data processing and the performance of the filter. A Kalman filter predicts the reference current, whereas the filter current is predicted with the delta modulation or dead-beat methods
{"title":"Current Control Schemes for Shunt Active Filters: Predictive Algorithms","authors":"J. Petit, H. Amaris, G. Robles","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668580","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows a new strategy to calculate the reference current in a power active filter used to mitigate harmonics injected by non-linear loads and analyze the performance of this for the different current control schemes. The reference current and the filter current are predicted a sampling period ahead to reduce and compensate the delay time effects caused by the acquisition times, the data processing and the performance of the filter. A Kalman filter predicts the reference current, whereas the filter current is predicted with the delta modulation or dead-beat methods","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"187 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123732975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668732
Daniel J. Trudnowski, Matt Donnelly, Eric Lightner
Modern power systems operate on the premise that the load is uncontrollable and that system voltage, frequency and stability are primarily maintained through control of the generation. In this paper, we challenge this premise by proposing a much more active role for intelligent loads specifically related to frequency control and dynamic stability. In modern systems the load is typically only controlled under severe stability conditions via load shedding. Recent research has demonstrated that many loads could cost-effectively become intelligent, allowing for the potential of the loads to more actively participate in system operation and control. The potential benefits of active load control are investigated. Also, reliability and implementation issues are explored. Fundamental analysis and multi-machine system simulation examples are used to demonstrate many of the issues
{"title":"Power-System Frequency and Stability Control using Decentralized Intelligent Loads","authors":"Daniel J. Trudnowski, Matt Donnelly, Eric Lightner","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668732","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power systems operate on the premise that the load is uncontrollable and that system voltage, frequency and stability are primarily maintained through control of the generation. In this paper, we challenge this premise by proposing a much more active role for intelligent loads specifically related to frequency control and dynamic stability. In modern systems the load is typically only controlled under severe stability conditions via load shedding. Recent research has demonstrated that many loads could cost-effectively become intelligent, allowing for the potential of the loads to more actively participate in system operation and control. The potential benefits of active load control are investigated. Also, reliability and implementation issues are explored. Fundamental analysis and multi-machine system simulation examples are used to demonstrate many of the issues","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123953775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668681
C. Williams
The use of fuse save schemes to avoid sustained outages due to temporary faults is well known in the utility industry. The scheme is limited in application due to fault current levels fuse speeds and relay-breaker speeds. This paper describes application of electronic sectionalizers to overcome these limitations and the results of implementation of such a scheme
{"title":"Electronic Fuse Overcurrent Protection","authors":"C. Williams","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668681","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fuse save schemes to avoid sustained outages due to temporary faults is well known in the utility industry. The scheme is limited in application due to fault current levels fuse speeds and relay-breaker speeds. This paper describes application of electronic sectionalizers to overcome these limitations and the results of implementation of such a scheme","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124097579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668452
P. Cox, H.L. Hayes, P. Hopkinson, R. Piteo, S. Boggs
Lightning and switching surges are the most common causes of electrical failures of distribution transformers. Fast rising transients that reach the transformer can cause large turn-to-turn voltages at the line end of the windings and resonances, which result in large voltages to ground elsewhere in the windings, many of which may exceed the winding insulation strength. Field experience indicates that resistor-capacitor devices are effective in preventing switching induced insulation failures by introducing significant damping into the circuit. Since shielded underground cable has the ability to absorb high frequency energy, it may be able to provide similar protection to transformers. During this investigation, impulse and switching tests were performed on representative EPR and TR-XLPE insulated cables connected to distribution transformers. This analysis was directed toward quantifying the attenuation characteristics of different types of cables vis-a-vis fast fronted lightning impulse and switching induced breaker re-ignition transients. The conclusions of this report point to an economical way for protecting transformers from fast fronted voltage transients
{"title":"Surge Protective Properties of Medium Voltage Underground Cable","authors":"P. Cox, H.L. Hayes, P. Hopkinson, R. Piteo, S. Boggs","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668452","url":null,"abstract":"Lightning and switching surges are the most common causes of electrical failures of distribution transformers. Fast rising transients that reach the transformer can cause large turn-to-turn voltages at the line end of the windings and resonances, which result in large voltages to ground elsewhere in the windings, many of which may exceed the winding insulation strength. Field experience indicates that resistor-capacitor devices are effective in preventing switching induced insulation failures by introducing significant damping into the circuit. Since shielded underground cable has the ability to absorb high frequency energy, it may be able to provide similar protection to transformers. During this investigation, impulse and switching tests were performed on representative EPR and TR-XLPE insulated cables connected to distribution transformers. This analysis was directed toward quantifying the attenuation characteristics of different types of cables vis-a-vis fast fronted lightning impulse and switching induced breaker re-ignition transients. The conclusions of this report point to an economical way for protecting transformers from fast fronted voltage transients","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121648559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668529
E. C. Bascom, W. Banker, S. Boggs
Interests in magnetic fields over the last 15 years have been a transient issue, but general utility guidelines are to practice prudent avoidance where possible. This paper discusses various design issues considered by a utility preparing to underground an existing overhead transmission line in an area that has seen significant residential growth and general encroachment near and onto the overhead line's right-of-way. The utility's consultants evaluated various cable and magnetic shielding configurations to minimize the resulting magnetic fields from an underground cable system along the duct bank and near manholes
{"title":"Magnetic Field Management Considerations for Underground Cable Duct Bank","authors":"E. C. Bascom, W. Banker, S. Boggs","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668529","url":null,"abstract":"Interests in magnetic fields over the last 15 years have been a transient issue, but general utility guidelines are to practice prudent avoidance where possible. This paper discusses various design issues considered by a utility preparing to underground an existing overhead transmission line in an area that has seen significant residential growth and general encroachment near and onto the overhead line's right-of-way. The utility's consultants evaluated various cable and magnetic shielding configurations to minimize the resulting magnetic fields from an underground cable system along the duct bank and near manholes","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125015447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668613
X. Luo, M. Kezunovic
This paper presents a new approach for interactive protection system simulation. In this approach, the power system network is modeled by the ATP program while the "compiled foreign model" mechanism of MODELS language is employed to model the digital protective relay in C++ language. This allows "object-oriented" relay modeling as well as building a "seamless" interface between the power system network model and the relay model. An example is used to demonstrate the interactive protection system simulation developed using the new approach
{"title":"Interactive Protection System Simulation Using ATP MODELS and C++","authors":"X. Luo, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668613","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for interactive protection system simulation. In this approach, the power system network is modeled by the ATP program while the \"compiled foreign model\" mechanism of MODELS language is employed to model the digital protective relay in C++ language. This allows \"object-oriented\" relay modeling as well as building a \"seamless\" interface between the power system network model and the relay model. An example is used to demonstrate the interactive protection system simulation developed using the new approach","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125330759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668644
J. Enslin, Y. Hu, R. Wakefield
Building new transmission facilities are becoming more difficult due to political and environmental pressures from the public and government. New transmission circuits are required to be built underground as far as possible to minimize visual and electromagnetic filed impacts on the communities in close vicinity of the new transmission facility. Several utilities are faced with challenges to interconnect large cable transmission networks to weak AC networks due to these reasons. This paper investigates system impacts and provides possible mitigation solutions to low-order resonances in cable networks with high percentage AC cables
{"title":"System Considerations and Impacts of AC Cable Networks on Weak High Voltage Transmission Networks","authors":"J. Enslin, Y. Hu, R. Wakefield","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668644","url":null,"abstract":"Building new transmission facilities are becoming more difficult due to political and environmental pressures from the public and government. New transmission circuits are required to be built underground as far as possible to minimize visual and electromagnetic filed impacts on the communities in close vicinity of the new transmission facility. Several utilities are faced with challenges to interconnect large cable transmission networks to weak AC networks due to these reasons. This paper investigates system impacts and provides possible mitigation solutions to low-order resonances in cable networks with high percentage AC cables","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128715181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668663
B. Wood, T. L. Moore
In order to satisfy growing electrical demand in the San Diego, California area, San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E) is modifying existing transmission towers to maximize right of way utilization. Recent projects include modifying existing 138-kV towers to 230-kV capacity. Design considerations including construction methods, and electrical and structural requirements are discussed
{"title":"Modifying Existing 138-kV Transmission Towers to 230-kV Capacity","authors":"B. Wood, T. L. Moore","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668663","url":null,"abstract":"In order to satisfy growing electrical demand in the San Diego, California area, San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E) is modifying existing transmission towers to maximize right of way utilization. Recent projects include modifying existing 138-kV towers to 230-kV capacity. Design considerations including construction methods, and electrical and structural requirements are discussed","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128988034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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