Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668714
M. DePillis
Uses of market simulation by market system operators are described. The primary distinction between simulation uses by a market system operator and simulation uses by vertically integrated utilities is that market system operators cannot assume that participants offer at marginal cost. Market system operators primarily use simulation for market monitoring and market design purposes, but have also found other uses
{"title":"Uses of Market Simulation By Market System Operators","authors":"M. DePillis","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668714","url":null,"abstract":"Uses of market simulation by market system operators are described. The primary distinction between simulation uses by a market system operator and simulation uses by vertically integrated utilities is that market system operators cannot assume that participants offer at marginal cost. Market system operators primarily use simulation for market monitoring and market design purposes, but have also found other uses","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129119096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668522
R. Mackiewicz
Legacy substation automation protocols and architectures typically provided basic functionality for power system automation and were designed to accommodate the technical limitations of the networking technology available for implementation. There has recently been a vast improvement in networking technology that has changed dramatically what is now feasible for power system automation in the substation. Technologies such as switched Ethernet, TCP/IP, high-speed wide area networks, and high-performance low-cost computers are providing capabilities that could barely be imagined when most legacy substation automation protocols were designed. In order to take advantage of modern technology to deliver additional new benefits to users of substation automation, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has developed and released a new global standard for substation automation: IEC 61850. The paper provides a basic technical overview of IEC 61850 and discusses the benefits of each major aspect of the standard. The concept of a virtual model comprising both physical and logical device models that includes a set of standardized communications services are described along with explanations of how these standardized models, object naming conventions, and communication services bring significant benefits to the substation automation user. New services to support self-describing devices and object-orient peer-to-peer data exchange are explained with an emphasis on how these services can be applied to reduce costs for substation automation. The substation configuration language (SCL) of IEC 61850 is presented with information on how the standardization of substation configuration will impact the future of substation automation. The paper concludes with a brief introduction to the UCA International Users Group as a forum where users and suppliers cooperate in improving substation automation with testing, education, and demonstrations of IEC 61850 and other IEC standards technology
{"title":"Overview of IEC 61850 and Benefits","authors":"R. Mackiewicz","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668522","url":null,"abstract":"Legacy substation automation protocols and architectures typically provided basic functionality for power system automation and were designed to accommodate the technical limitations of the networking technology available for implementation. There has recently been a vast improvement in networking technology that has changed dramatically what is now feasible for power system automation in the substation. Technologies such as switched Ethernet, TCP/IP, high-speed wide area networks, and high-performance low-cost computers are providing capabilities that could barely be imagined when most legacy substation automation protocols were designed. In order to take advantage of modern technology to deliver additional new benefits to users of substation automation, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has developed and released a new global standard for substation automation: IEC 61850. The paper provides a basic technical overview of IEC 61850 and discusses the benefits of each major aspect of the standard. The concept of a virtual model comprising both physical and logical device models that includes a set of standardized communications services are described along with explanations of how these standardized models, object naming conventions, and communication services bring significant benefits to the substation automation user. New services to support self-describing devices and object-orient peer-to-peer data exchange are explained with an emphasis on how these services can be applied to reduce costs for substation automation. The substation configuration language (SCL) of IEC 61850 is presented with information on how the standardization of substation configuration will impact the future of substation automation. The paper concludes with a brief introduction to the UCA International Users Group as a forum where users and suppliers cooperate in improving substation automation with testing, education, and demonstrations of IEC 61850 and other IEC standards technology","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668677
M. McGranaghan, A. Maitra, C. Perry, A. Gaikwad
This paper describes the issue of how the implementation of automated outage management systems (OMS) can influence the accuracy of reliability indices. Approaches for analyzing the influence of the OMS implementation on the accuracy of reported reliability indices are described. An example is provided of a systematic evaluation of reliability indices calculation before and after implementation of an automated system. The paper illustrates the importance of considering these effects if reported indices are used as the basis for benchmarking of reliability performance incentives
{"title":"Effect of Outage Management System Implementation on Reliability Indices","authors":"M. McGranaghan, A. Maitra, C. Perry, A. Gaikwad","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the issue of how the implementation of automated outage management systems (OMS) can influence the accuracy of reliability indices. Approaches for analyzing the influence of the OMS implementation on the accuracy of reported reliability indices are described. An example is provided of a systematic evaluation of reliability indices calculation before and after implementation of an automated system. The paper illustrates the importance of considering these effects if reported indices are used as the basis for benchmarking of reliability performance incentives","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128413318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668510
Z. Styczynski, A. Orths, K. Rudion, A. Lebioda, O. Ruhle
The share of the dispersed energy production is supposed to increase in the next years in many countries up to 30%. Wind, PV, CHP, microturbines, fuel cells and also different kinds of energy storages are expected to be the future decentralised generation units. These units supply electrical energy at the low and medium voltage level which changes its functionality. A big amount of the locally generated energy is also consumed locally so the distribution network gets a local network character. There is not a lot of experience in the planning and operation of such local distribution systems. Some pilot projects in Europe like EDISon, or DisPower give the first practical information about the problems connected with the planning and operation of the electric networks with dispersed energy resources (DER). Also the CIGRE is working on these problems in the scope of the Scientific Committee SC6. In this paper a benchmark network proposal based on a European Project and the discussion in the scope of the CIGRE SC6 group is presented. The topology of the local distribution network and its parameters are presented. A methodology for the use of the proposed parameters and for the sensitivity analysis is given. Additionally some simulation examples for different local energy generation scenarios are presented. The paper shows that it is not trivial to create a universal benchmark for distribution systems with DER
{"title":"Benchmark for an Electric Distribution System with Dispersed Energy Resources","authors":"Z. Styczynski, A. Orths, K. Rudion, A. Lebioda, O. Ruhle","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668510","url":null,"abstract":"The share of the dispersed energy production is supposed to increase in the next years in many countries up to 30%. Wind, PV, CHP, microturbines, fuel cells and also different kinds of energy storages are expected to be the future decentralised generation units. These units supply electrical energy at the low and medium voltage level which changes its functionality. A big amount of the locally generated energy is also consumed locally so the distribution network gets a local network character. There is not a lot of experience in the planning and operation of such local distribution systems. Some pilot projects in Europe like EDISon, or DisPower give the first practical information about the problems connected with the planning and operation of the electric networks with dispersed energy resources (DER). Also the CIGRE is working on these problems in the scope of the Scientific Committee SC6. In this paper a benchmark network proposal based on a European Project and the discussion in the scope of the CIGRE SC6 group is presented. The topology of the local distribution network and its parameters are presented. A methodology for the use of the proposed parameters and for the sensitivity analysis is given. Additionally some simulation examples for different local energy generation scenarios are presented. The paper shows that it is not trivial to create a universal benchmark for distribution systems with DER","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117088215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668636
P. Robin-Jouan, D. Dufournet, G. Montillet
More and more computational fluid dynamics tools or CFD tools are used to analyze and study gas flows inside high-voltage circuit breaker chambers and to reduce testing. These tools are built upon the classical physical fluid dynamics equations by integrating very complex models. The numbers of variants of SF6 interrupting chambers are now quite numerous based on their specific applications. These tools permit to estimate, analyze, and understand better the interrupting process. These tools also increase our knowledge about the gas flow behavior inside the chambers. This leads to the optimization of the shapes and geometric parameters of the circuit breaker interrupters
{"title":"Digital Analysis of the Breakdown Process in High-Voltage Circuit Breakers","authors":"P. Robin-Jouan, D. Dufournet, G. Montillet","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668636","url":null,"abstract":"More and more computational fluid dynamics tools or CFD tools are used to analyze and study gas flows inside high-voltage circuit breaker chambers and to reduce testing. These tools are built upon the classical physical fluid dynamics equations by integrating very complex models. The numbers of variants of SF6 interrupting chambers are now quite numerous based on their specific applications. These tools permit to estimate, analyze, and understand better the interrupting process. These tools also increase our knowledge about the gas flow behavior inside the chambers. This leads to the optimization of the shapes and geometric parameters of the circuit breaker interrupters","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122864061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668707
F. Galvan
The Eastern Interconnect Phasor Project (EIPP) seeks to implement on component of this new information landscape, namely information systems covering regional issues advanced through an effort involving a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Phasor measurement allows direct comparison and differentiation of the phase angles between corresponding phasor measurement units (PMU) from various locations across the power system. Operators receive the measurements time-tagged with accuracy in the order of microseconds. This high measurement accuracy is used to estimate, or in fact, calculate the power system state thereby improving the operational security of the power system
{"title":"The Eastern Interconnect Phasor Project - Modernizing North America's Electric Grid","authors":"F. Galvan","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668707","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern Interconnect Phasor Project (EIPP) seeks to implement on component of this new information landscape, namely information systems covering regional issues advanced through an effort involving a broad spectrum of stakeholders. Phasor measurement allows direct comparison and differentiation of the phase angles between corresponding phasor measurement units (PMU) from various locations across the power system. Operators receive the measurements time-tagged with accuracy in the order of microseconds. This high measurement accuracy is used to estimate, or in fact, calculate the power system state thereby improving the operational security of the power system","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121936789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668521
W.W. Dabbs, D. Sabin
This paper presents a method of representing the new IEEE power quality data interchange format (PQDIF) in extensible markup language (XML). IEEE PQDIF is a binary file format specified in IEEE Std 1159.2-2002 that is used to exchange power quality measurements between software applications. XML is a commonly used text-based format for exchanging data through the Internet. The paper summarizes the key features and similarities between PQDIF and XML, proposes a method for storing PQDIF observations in XML, and then presents two examples
{"title":"Employing Extensible Markup Language (XML) in IEEE Std 1159.3-2002 PQDIF","authors":"W.W. Dabbs, D. Sabin","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668521","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method of representing the new IEEE power quality data interchange format (PQDIF) in extensible markup language (XML). IEEE PQDIF is a binary file format specified in IEEE Std 1159.2-2002 that is used to exchange power quality measurements between software applications. XML is a commonly used text-based format for exchanging data through the Internet. The paper summarizes the key features and similarities between PQDIF and XML, proposes a method for storing PQDIF observations in XML, and then presents two examples","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127163564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/PES.2009.5275165
L. Dix, P. Hopkinson
Natural ester seed oil is a biodegradable fluid that is increasingly being used as a replacement for mineral oil and for high temperature flashpoint liquids, including silicone and RTEMP. Electrical contact coking in mineral oil and in silicone has been a common problem with many types of contact materials in tapchangers for de-energized operation and also the reversing switch in load tapchangers. In recent years, an accelerated aging functional life test has been developed and presented to the Transformers Committee of IEEE that has had a good correlation with field data to sort out stable versus unstable combinations. This paper presents a comparative look at natural ester fluid versus mineral oil and silicone for several popular contact pairs. In addition to its biodegradability, Natural ester is shown to have considerably better thermal stability with contact pairs that are unstable in both mineral oil and silicone
{"title":"Tapchangers for De-energized Operation in Natural Ester Fluid, Mineral Oil, and Silicone","authors":"L. Dix, P. Hopkinson","doi":"10.1109/PES.2009.5275165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2009.5275165","url":null,"abstract":"Natural ester seed oil is a biodegradable fluid that is increasingly being used as a replacement for mineral oil and for high temperature flashpoint liquids, including silicone and RTEMP. Electrical contact coking in mineral oil and in silicone has been a common problem with many types of contact materials in tapchangers for de-energized operation and also the reversing switch in load tapchangers. In recent years, an accelerated aging functional life test has been developed and presented to the Transformers Committee of IEEE that has had a good correlation with field data to sort out stable versus unstable combinations. This paper presents a comparative look at natural ester fluid versus mineral oil and silicone for several popular contact pairs. In addition to its biodegradability, Natural ester is shown to have considerably better thermal stability with contact pairs that are unstable in both mineral oil and silicone","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127813989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668446
H. Moore
Natural ester seed oil is a biodegradable fluid that is increasingly being used as a replacement for mineral oil and for high temperature flashpoint liquids, including silicone and RTEMP. This paper addresses technical issues that need to be answered in introducing a new dielectric insulating and cooling fluid for distribution and power transformers. The author's experience and training in large power high voltage transformers gives him particular insight into the dielectric, thermal, and physical issues that must be addressed
{"title":"Requirements and Expectations of Natural Ester Fluids for Application in Power Transformers","authors":"H. Moore","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668446","url":null,"abstract":"Natural ester seed oil is a biodegradable fluid that is increasingly being used as a replacement for mineral oil and for high temperature flashpoint liquids, including silicone and RTEMP. This paper addresses technical issues that need to be answered in introducing a new dielectric insulating and cooling fluid for distribution and power transformers. The author's experience and training in large power high voltage transformers gives him particular insight into the dielectric, thermal, and physical issues that must be addressed","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122463251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-21DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2006.1668501
E. R. Collins, Jian Jiang
Modern single-phase loads contain significant harmonic components, particularly triplen harmonics. These harmonics are generated by the proliferation of electronic devices as well as electromagnetic devices (e.g., single-phase induction motors) that operate somewhat saturated. The growth of these non-linear loads has caused an increase of neutral current in the utility system at harmonic frequencies. Since the neutral conductor is grounded to the earth at multiple points, neutral currents flow in the power system neutral, the earth, and other parallel utilities. In a simple system with no parallel utilities, the return currents flow in both the neutral and the earth. Any disparity in the voltage drops caused by these currents results in a voltage difference between the neutral conductor and earth. Attempts to predict the NEV through modeling have proven difficult due to lack of parallel earth and neutral conductor models and representative interconnection between the two circuits. This paper has presented a model of a feeder that incorporates both return paths as well as a more accurate representation of the interconnection between the two systems
{"title":"Elevated NEV due to Triplen Harmonics: Modeling and Results","authors":"E. R. Collins, Jian Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2006.1668501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2006.1668501","url":null,"abstract":"Modern single-phase loads contain significant harmonic components, particularly triplen harmonics. These harmonics are generated by the proliferation of electronic devices as well as electromagnetic devices (e.g., single-phase induction motors) that operate somewhat saturated. The growth of these non-linear loads has caused an increase of neutral current in the utility system at harmonic frequencies. Since the neutral conductor is grounded to the earth at multiple points, neutral currents flow in the power system neutral, the earth, and other parallel utilities. In a simple system with no parallel utilities, the return currents flow in both the neutral and the earth. Any disparity in the voltage drops caused by these currents results in a voltage difference between the neutral conductor and earth. Attempts to predict the NEV through modeling have proven difficult due to lack of parallel earth and neutral conductor models and representative interconnection between the two circuits. This paper has presented a model of a feeder that incorporates both return paths as well as a more accurate representation of the interconnection between the two systems","PeriodicalId":123024,"journal":{"name":"2005/2006 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122967914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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