Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112819
Ángel Rubio Salvador , Lydia P. Sánchez-Barba Muñoz , Fernando Navarro Merino , Jesús M. Úbeda-Portugués , Aristeidis Strimenopoulos , Paula Yanke , Elena Vera-Cruz , Marina Lozano
The analysis of bone injuries resulting from high-velocity firearm projectile trauma is a complex process, due to the influence of numerous variables on the resultant injury patterns. This complexity is particularly evident in specific skeletal regions, such as the oral cavity and teeth, which have received minimal attention in forensic research. In this study, four fractured teeth from an individual interred in a mass grave dating to the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) in Seville, Spain, were analysed to assess gunshot-related trauma.The teeth were examined using digital 3D microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This analysis enabled the identification of features in the dental tissue indicative of perimortem trauma, including characteristics related to the fracture response of living or hydrated dental tissue. Additionally, variations in damage —such as edges, surfaces, and fracture lines— were observed, depending on the proximity of the teeth to the projectile’s impact point in the oral cavity. Notably, surface damage presenting as pits was identified, with morphologies and patterns potentially linked to the forces generated by the projectile. These findings suggest that such microscopic features may serve as indicators of ballistic trauma, even in the absence of prior microscopic analyses of dental tissues.
{"title":"Microscopic characterisation of dental fractures caused by firearm projectiles","authors":"Ángel Rubio Salvador , Lydia P. Sánchez-Barba Muñoz , Fernando Navarro Merino , Jesús M. Úbeda-Portugués , Aristeidis Strimenopoulos , Paula Yanke , Elena Vera-Cruz , Marina Lozano","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The analysis of bone injuries resulting from high-velocity firearm projectile trauma is a complex process, due to the influence of numerous variables on the resultant injury patterns. This complexity is particularly evident in specific skeletal regions, such as the oral cavity and teeth, which have received minimal attention in forensic research. In this study, four fractured teeth from an individual interred in a mass grave dating to the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) in Seville, Spain, were analysed to assess gunshot-related trauma.The teeth were examined using digital 3D microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This analysis enabled the identification of features in the dental tissue indicative of perimortem trauma, including characteristics related to the fracture response of living or hydrated dental tissue. Additionally, variations in damage —such as edges, surfaces, and fracture lines— were observed, depending on the proximity of the teeth to the projectile’s impact point in the oral cavity. Notably, surface damage presenting as pits was identified, with morphologies and patterns potentially linked to the forces generated by the projectile. These findings suggest that such microscopic features may serve as indicators of ballistic trauma, even in the absence of prior microscopic analyses of dental tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The altered document identification proficiency test of the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS), initiated by the China Academy of Forensic Science in 2022, provided a specially prepared questioned document sample. This challenging case sample rendered conventional morphological examination methods virtually ineffective. As a result, only a low percentage of judicial appraisal institutions received the “satisfactory” rating. This work examined the characteristics of the inkjet printers used in the proficiency test from two independent perspectives, by combining volatile solvent composition analysis of printing inks using GC–MS creatively with conventional morphological examination. This work not only efficiently determined whether there was appended content via a secondary printing pass in the case sample, but also further identified the brands of the inkjet printers used to prepare the sample of the proficiency test. Finally, precautions for identifying the brands of inkjet printers were summarized. We hope this work will underscore the importance of incorporating physical and chemical analytical methods in questioned document examination and draw forensic examiners’ attention to its necessity.
{"title":"Identification of the brands of the inkjet printers used in the altered document identification proficiency test: Combination of chemical analysis with conventional morphological examination","authors":"Xu Hu , Xiao-guang Jia , Ling-yun Zhang , Xiao-xia Zhang , Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The altered document identification proficiency test of the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS), initiated by the China Academy of Forensic Science in 2022, provided a specially prepared questioned document sample. This challenging case sample rendered conventional morphological examination methods virtually ineffective. As a result, only a low percentage of judicial appraisal institutions received the “satisfactory” rating. This work examined the characteristics of the inkjet printers used in the proficiency test from two independent perspectives, by combining volatile solvent composition analysis of printing inks using GC–MS creatively with conventional morphological examination. This work not only efficiently determined whether there was appended content via a secondary printing pass in the case sample, but also further identified the brands of the inkjet printers used to prepare the sample of the proficiency test. Finally, precautions for identifying the brands of inkjet printers were summarized. We hope this work will underscore the importance of incorporating physical and chemical analytical methods in questioned document examination and draw forensic examiners’ attention to its necessity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112817
Tanusree Ghosh, Ruchira Naskar
Extensive development in Generative Artificial Intelligence and the growth of Online Social Networks have facilitated the creation and sharing of synthetic images like never before. This has led to an overwhelming increase in the dissemination of fake content on OSNs. Maintaining the integrity of OSNs is paramount, and detecting synthetic images plays a crucial role in preserving social balance. Existing solutions, while achieving perfect detection performance on test datasets, often experience significant degradation when applied to OSN images. In our work, we propose a robust fake image detector that relies on features minimally affected by common OSN perturbations. Specifically, our solution leverages gradient features in color channels, including chrominance and luminance channels, accompanied by a residual-based CNN. Our low-parameterized solution is characterized by low complexity, making it particularly resource-efficient and suitable for edge devices.
Thorough experiments demonstrate that our method achieves 100% accuracy in identifying fake images on our test dataset. We further evaluate the approach on images generated by contemporary generative adversarial networks and diffusion models, where it consistently exhibits strong detection performance. In addition, when applied to images that undergo post-processing operations designed to mimic OSN circulation, the proposed detector maintains high accuracy and robustness. Overall, results indicate that our proposed gradient-based color-channel features, coupled with a low-complexity residual network, provide an effective and OSN-resilient solution for synthetic image detection across both generic and post-processed/compressed scenarios.
{"title":"A robust synthetic face detector in OSN context based on Gradient of Color features","authors":"Tanusree Ghosh, Ruchira Naskar","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive development in Generative Artificial Intelligence and the growth of Online Social Networks have facilitated the creation and sharing of synthetic images like never before. This has led to an overwhelming increase in the dissemination of fake content on OSNs. Maintaining the integrity of OSNs is paramount, and detecting synthetic images plays a crucial role in preserving social balance. Existing solutions, while achieving perfect detection performance on test datasets, often experience significant degradation when applied to OSN images. In our work, we propose a robust fake image detector that relies on features minimally affected by common OSN perturbations. Specifically, our solution leverages gradient features in color channels, including chrominance and luminance channels, accompanied by a residual-based CNN. Our low-parameterized solution is characterized by low complexity, making it particularly resource-efficient and suitable for edge devices.</div><div>Thorough experiments demonstrate that our method achieves 100% accuracy in identifying fake images on our test dataset. We further evaluate the approach on images generated by contemporary generative adversarial networks and diffusion models, where it consistently exhibits strong detection performance. In addition, when applied to images that undergo post-processing operations designed to mimic OSN circulation, the proposed detector maintains high accuracy and robustness. Overall, results indicate that our proposed gradient-based color-channel features, coupled with a low-complexity residual network, provide an effective and OSN-resilient solution for synthetic image detection across both generic and post-processed/compressed scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112816
Bruce Budowle , Max D. Morris , Todd J. Weller
A parametric signal detection theory model has been used in recent literature to model data collected from black-box studies of forensic examiner accuracy, and to predict how error rates might change if examiners were to be either more or less demanding in their requirements for making IDENTIFICATION or EXCLUSION calls. Such models depend on latent (i.e., unobservable) scores, summaries of which are only partially estimable from the data collected on categorical conclusion scales. As a result, inferences based on signal detection theory models are sensitive to the probability model used, and imprecise due to the limited information available about the latent scores. This paper explains some of these uncertainties, with the aim of demonstrating that they can be substantial in typical forensics applications.
{"title":"On the uncertainty associated with using a signal detection theory model to analyze data from forensic black-box studies","authors":"Bruce Budowle , Max D. Morris , Todd J. Weller","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A parametric signal detection theory model has been used in recent literature to model data collected from black-box studies of forensic examiner accuracy, and to predict how error rates might change if examiners were to be either more or less demanding in their requirements for making IDENTIFICATION or EXCLUSION calls. Such models depend on latent (i.e., unobservable) scores, summaries of which are only partially estimable from the data collected on categorical conclusion scales. As a result, inferences based on signal detection theory models are sensitive to the probability model used, and imprecise due to the limited information available about the latent scores. This paper explains some of these uncertainties, with the aim of demonstrating that they can be substantial in typical forensics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112815
Pelin Erol , Yaşar Mustafa Karagöz
Background
Falls from height represent one of the leading causes of unintentional injury and death worldwide. Distinguishing between accidental, suicidal, and homicidal falls remains a major forensic challenge. Autopsy findings alone may not reveal the true origin, particularly in cases with inconsistent witness statements or complex injury mechanisms. Integrating biomechanical simulations with classical forensic methods offers an opportunity to strengthen interpretative accuracy.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 258 fall-from-height cases referred to the Department of Forensic Medicine, Akdeniz University, between 2007 and 2016. Demographic variables, fall height, injury patterns, and manner of fall were evaluated. Additionally, a representative case (25-year-old female, 7th-floor fall) was reconstructed using MADYMO and LS-DYNA in three scenarios: accidental backward fall, suicidal forward jump, and homicidal push. Detailed initial and boundary conditions—including friction coefficient (μ=0.60), restitution coefficient (e=0.15), and scenario-specific initial velocities—were defined. Simulation outputs (impact velocity, rotational components, HIC15, VC, AIS-based injury probabilities) were compared with autopsy findings.
Results
Of the 258 cases, 94.9 % were accidents, 4.7 % suicides, and 0.4 % suspected homicides. The mean fall height was 7.03 m, with head–neck trauma being the most common injury (49.2 %). In the representative case, the accidental scenario demonstrated the highest concordance (89 %) with autopsy findings, while suicide and homicide simulations produced inconsistent injury profiles. Biomechanical modeling showed increasing head accelerations and injury probabilities across accident (82 g; 54 %), suicide (94 g; 71 %), and homicide (110 g; 89 %) scenarios. Rotational motion around the railing pivot increased intermediate contact velocity, substantially affecting impact severity.
Conclusions
Accurate determination of fall origin requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating autopsy findings, scene investigation, and biomechanical simulations. Objective simulation-based metrics (HIC, VC, g-forces) complement classical forensic evaluation and improve the interpretative reliability of disputed or ambiguous cases.
{"title":"Falls from height in forensic medicine: Differentiating accident, suicide, and homicide through case analysis and biomechanical modeling","authors":"Pelin Erol , Yaşar Mustafa Karagöz","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Falls from height represent one of the leading causes of unintentional injury and death worldwide. Distinguishing between accidental, suicidal, and homicidal falls remains a major forensic challenge. Autopsy findings alone may not reveal the true origin, particularly in cases with inconsistent witness statements or complex injury mechanisms. Integrating biomechanical simulations with classical forensic methods offers an opportunity to strengthen interpretative accuracy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively analyzed 258 fall-from-height cases referred to the Department of Forensic Medicine, Akdeniz University, between 2007 and 2016. Demographic variables, fall height, injury patterns, and manner of fall were evaluated. Additionally, a representative case (25-year-old female, 7th-floor fall) was reconstructed using MADYMO and LS-DYNA in three scenarios: accidental backward fall, suicidal forward jump, and homicidal push. Detailed initial and boundary conditions—including friction coefficient (μ=0.60), restitution coefficient (e=0.15), and scenario-specific initial velocities—were defined. Simulation outputs (impact velocity, rotational components, HIC15, VC, AIS-based injury probabilities) were compared with autopsy findings.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 258 cases, 94.9 % were accidents, 4.7 % suicides, and 0.4 % suspected homicides. The mean fall height was 7.03 m, with head–neck trauma being the most common injury (49.2 %). In the representative case, the accidental scenario demonstrated the highest concordance (89 %) with autopsy findings, while suicide and homicide simulations produced inconsistent injury profiles. Biomechanical modeling showed increasing head accelerations and injury probabilities across accident (82 g; 54 %), suicide (94 g; 71 %), and homicide (110 g; 89 %) scenarios. Rotational motion around the railing pivot increased intermediate contact velocity, substantially affecting impact severity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Accurate determination of fall origin requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating autopsy findings, scene investigation, and biomechanical simulations. Objective simulation-based metrics (HIC, VC, g-forces) complement classical forensic evaluation and improve the interpretative reliability of disputed or ambiguous cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112814
Andrea Faragalli , Flavia Carle , Luca Aquilanti , Giorgio Rappelli , Erminia Coccia , Nikolaos Angelakopoulos , Roberto Cameriere , Valeria Santoro , Luigi Ferrante , Edlira Skrami
Background
Accurate age estimation is a critical component of forensic assessment in undocumented forced migrants, as it directly influences legal protection, social support, and immigration procedures.
Objectives
To develop and validate a statistical model for estimating chronological age and its probability distribution based on third molar maturity index values in forced migrants.
Material and Methods
In this observational study, we employed a Bayesian Calibration approach utilizing a Normal density and an expected value modeled by a Segmented function. The model underwent calibration using a training sample consisting of 481 orthopantomographs of healthy males, gathered during routine visits spanning from 2012 to 2017. A testing sample comprising 45 forced migrant males recruited from four Italian hosting centers in 2018 was utilized to validate the model.
Results
The two samples exhibited similar distributions in terms of age and dental maturity index. The model's breakpoint age was estimated at 18.6 years, suggesting a sharp decline in dental maturity rate beyond this threshold. For instance, the probability of a forced migrant being 18 years or older with a dental maturity index of 0.15 was 0.75. The mean error in age estimation was 1.57 years, with a variability of 2 years, and demonstrated a statistically significant increasing trend of 0.3 years.
Discussion
The model offers, in addition to estimated age, the likelihood that an individual is of a specific age or older, taking into account their dental maturity. This provides valuable supplementary information to authorities during the age assessment procedure. A web application has been launched to facilitate the retrieval of age estimates and associated probabilities when inputting the dental maturity index value.
{"title":"Age estimation using third molars in forced migrant populations: Determining age and probability","authors":"Andrea Faragalli , Flavia Carle , Luca Aquilanti , Giorgio Rappelli , Erminia Coccia , Nikolaos Angelakopoulos , Roberto Cameriere , Valeria Santoro , Luigi Ferrante , Edlira Skrami","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accurate age estimation is a critical component of forensic assessment in undocumented forced migrants, as it directly influences legal protection, social support, and immigration procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To develop and validate a statistical model for estimating chronological age and its probability distribution based on third molar maturity index values in forced migrants.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>In this observational study, we employed a Bayesian Calibration approach utilizing a Normal density and an expected value modeled by a Segmented function. The model underwent calibration using a training sample consisting of 481 orthopantomographs of healthy males, gathered during routine visits spanning from 2012 to 2017. A testing sample comprising 45 forced migrant males recruited from four Italian hosting centers in 2018 was utilized to validate the model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The two samples exhibited similar distributions in terms of age and dental maturity index. The model's breakpoint age was estimated at 18.6 years, suggesting a sharp decline in dental maturity rate beyond this threshold. For instance, the probability of a forced migrant being 18 years or older with a dental maturity index of 0.15 was 0.75. The mean error in age estimation was 1.57 years, with a variability of 2 years, and demonstrated a statistically significant increasing trend of 0.3 years.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The model offers, in addition to estimated age, the likelihood that an individual is of a specific age or older, taking into account their dental maturity. This provides valuable <span><span>supplementary information</span></span> to authorities during the age assessment procedure. A web application has been launched to facilitate the retrieval of age estimates and associated probabilities when inputting the dental maturity index value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112806
M. Dalva , T.R. Moore , M. Kalacska , G. Leblanc
We examined the concentrations of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the pore air of a well-drained soil at which pig carcasses were buried over 12–13 years at depths between 50 and 100 cm. Sites included disturbed pits without carcasses, an undisturbed site, a mass grave (20 pigs) and single carcass graves buried at two depths with and without burial in a plastic bag. Twelve years after burial, the concentrations of CH4 were mostly below atmospheric values (∼ 2.0 ppm), showing that this gas was of little value in detecting graves under these conditions. Concentrations of CO2 were above values found under undisturbed conditions. Much of the increase is related to the decomposition of the carcasses, though disturbance during pit refilling and root respiration may account for part of the increase. The best indicator of burial over 13 years was increases in the concentration of N2O associated with inclusion of carcasses and with evidence of lateral flow of N2O in the soil. The N2O concentration is well above that of undisturbed or disturbed soils providing a detectible effect in sites with carcasses.
{"title":"The long-term capability of soil pore air sampling to detect graves","authors":"M. Dalva , T.R. Moore , M. Kalacska , G. Leblanc","doi":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined the concentrations of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) in the pore air of a well-drained soil at which pig carcasses were buried over 12–13 years at depths between 50 and 100 cm. Sites included disturbed pits without carcasses, an undisturbed site, a mass grave (20 pigs) and single carcass graves buried at two depths with and without burial in a plastic bag. Twelve years after burial, the concentrations of CH<sub>4</sub> were mostly below atmospheric values (∼ 2.0 ppm), showing that this gas was of little value in detecting graves under these conditions. Concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> were above values found under undisturbed conditions. Much of the increase is related to the decomposition of the carcasses, though disturbance during pit refilling and root respiration may account for part of the increase. The best indicator of burial over 13 years was increases in the concentration of N<sub>2</sub>O associated with inclusion of carcasses and with evidence of lateral flow of N<sub>2</sub>O in the soil. The N<sub>2</sub>O concentration is well above that of undisturbed or disturbed soils providing a detectible effect in sites with carcasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12341,"journal":{"name":"Forensic science international","volume":"380 ","pages":"Article 112806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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