Forensic science international最新文献_第3页

Textile fibres in the respiratory tract part 2: Transfer during smothering vs legitimate activities 呼吸道中的纺织纤维。第2部分：窒息与合法活动期间的转移。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112864

Joanne Bonvin , Maude Yerly , Yu Chen Lim-Hitchings , Sabine Hess , Kyra Lunstroot , Geneviève Massonnet

In a follow up to a previous paper [6], this article continues the exploration of fibres recovered from the respiratory tract in smothering cases. Specifically, this second part examines the transfer of fibres when smothering has occurred as compared to legitimate exposures to the textile in question. In order to simulate these activities, volunteers breathed through textiles of various levels of shedding under conditions of strain and at rest. Fibres were then self-recovered from the nose and mouth for the counting of target fibres that have transferred. The results demonstrate a noticeable difference between the two activities in terms of the quantity of fibres transferred. This difference is increasingly marked for higher levels of shedding. The findings from this paper and from part 1 were then utilized to assign probabilities which were subsequently used to evaluate findings of two hypothetical scenarios meant to represent commonly encountered case disputed issues. The results further highlight the potential for such traces to aid in suspected smothering cases. In general, low number of fibres (<5) support propositions of non-smothering whereas larger quantities (>15) typically support those of smothering. The count of fibres at which the support switches is highly dependent on the shedding of the textile. It is thus important to consider shedding and the quantity of fibres recovered in such cases.

在之前的一篇论文b[6]的后续文章中，本文继续探索窒息病例中呼吸道中恢复的纤维。具体来说，这第二部分检查了当窒息发生时纤维的转移，与合法暴露于有关纺织品相比。为了模拟这些活动，志愿者们在紧张和休息的条件下，通过不同程度脱落的纺织品呼吸。然后，从鼻子和嘴巴中自行恢复纤维，以计数已转移的目标纤维。结果表明，就纤维转移的数量而言，两种活动之间存在显著差异。这种差异在高水平的脱落中越来越明显。然后利用本文和第1部分的发现来分配概率，这些概率随后用于评估旨在代表常见案件争议问题的两个假设情景的发现。结果进一步强调了这些痕迹对疑似窒息病例的潜在帮助。一般来说，低纤维数（15）通常支持那些窒息。支撑开关处的纤维数高度依赖于纺织品的脱落。因此，在这种情况下，重要的是要考虑脱落和恢复的纤维数量。

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引用次数: 0

Object trajectory estimation in the dashcam videos with ego-motion 基于自我运动的行车记录仪视频中的目标轨迹估计。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112856

Jin-Hwan Kim, Jun Seok Kim, Nam In Park, Jun Seok Byun

In this work, we propose a straightforward and practical object trajectory estimation method for dashboard camera (dashcam) videos with ego-motion. When an object detaches or is launched from a preceding vehicle, its motion under gravity follows a parabolic trajectory in 3D camera coordinates. However, conventional 2D image-plane methods, such as polynomial or exponential models, often yield inaccurate results because they neglect the camera’s ego-motion and lack a rigorous physical foundation. To address this, we derive a projection-based model from the 3D parabolic trajectory by incorporating the longitudinal translation of the dashcam into the projection process. We then estimate trajectory parameters using least-squares optimization, resulting in a practical and physically grounded estimation approach. Quantitative evaluation on real-world forensic case studies demonstrated that the proposed model fits the observed data closely, achieving an average Root Mean Square Error of 6.64 pixels. These results suggest that our approach can assist forensic analysts in interpreting object motion in traffic accident investigations.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一种简单实用的带有自我运动的仪表盘摄像机（dashcam）视频的目标轨迹估计方法。当一个物体与前面的车辆分离或发射时，它在重力作用下的运动遵循3D摄像机坐标中的抛物线轨迹。然而，传统的二维图像平面方法，如多项式或指数模型，往往产生不准确的结果，因为它们忽略了相机的自我运动，缺乏严格的物理基础。为了解决这个问题，我们通过将行车记录仪的纵向平移整合到投影过程中，从3D抛物线轨迹中推导出基于投影的模型。然后，我们使用最小二乘优化来估计弹道参数，从而得到一种实用且物理接地的估计方法。对真实案例的定量评估表明，所提出的模型与观测数据非常吻合，平均均方根误差为6.64像素。这些结果表明，我们的方法可以帮助法医分析人员解释交通事故调查中的物体运动。

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引用次数: 0

Possible adverse effects of mining activity on the neurocognitive development of children in the area of Cerro de Pasco (Perú) 采矿活动对Cerro de Pasco地区儿童神经认知发展可能产生的不利影响（Perú）。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112861

Elton Carreiro-DaCunha , Lucía Ordóñez-Mayán , Flaviano Bianchini , José Ignacio Muñoz-Barús

Over the last 10 years there have been a number of studies examining the effects of exposure to environmental metal pollution on the population of the area of Cerro de Pasco (Peru). These have documented the prolonged pollution of the area caused by mining activity and recorded its pathological effects on the exposed population. The present work reports associations between the concentrations of metals in the hair of the area's children and their cognitive development, investigates the neurocognitive effects of exposure, and examines the change in environmental metal concentrations over time. Significant differences in hair metal concentrations were detected between exposed (case) and non-exposed (control) populations; in the former, the mean arsenic concentration was three times that of the latter, the cadmium concentration was double, and that of lead six times that of the latter. The mean total IQ of the exposed children was 12.3 points lower than those who were not exposed. Significant correlations were detected between the lead, cadmium, arsenic, manganese and antimony concentrations of the children's (combined exposed and non-exposed) hair and TIQ. In the exposed population, marked increases in hair metal concentrations were recorded between 2016 and 2018 (200 %), later falling by 2021 (though still exceeding the 2016 concentrations). Multivariate analyses involving big data are required to determine the covariables that influence the development of TIQ in exposed children, and to determine whether high toxic metal concentrations are an independent risk factor for cognitive deficit.

在过去10年中，进行了一些研究，审查接触环境金属污染对塞罗·德帕斯科（秘鲁）地区人口的影响。这些记录了采矿活动对该地区造成的长期污染，并记录了其对受污染人口的病理影响。目前的工作报告了该地区儿童头发中的金属浓度与他们的认知发展之间的联系，调查了接触的神经认知影响，并检查了环境中金属浓度随时间的变化。在暴露人群（病例）和未暴露人群（对照）之间检测到毛发金属浓度的显著差异；前者砷的平均浓度是后者的3倍，镉的平均浓度是后者的2倍，铅的平均浓度是后者的6倍。受辐射儿童的平均总智商比未受辐射儿童低12.3分。检测到儿童（暴露和未暴露）头发中的铅、镉、砷、锰和锑浓度与TIQ之间存在显著相关性。在接触人群中，2016年至2018年期间记录到毛发金属浓度显著增加（200 %），后来到2021年下降（尽管仍超过2016年的浓度）。需要进行多变量大数据分析，以确定影响接触儿童TIQ发展的协变量，并确定高毒性金属浓度是否是认知缺陷的独立危险因素。

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引用次数: 0

Discrepancies between expected and recovered individuals in exhumed mass graves at Paterna Cemetery (Spain): aggregate analysis of 15 official exhumation reports 帕特纳公墓（西班牙）挖掘出的乱葬坑中预期和已发现的个人之间的差异：对15份官方挖掘报告的汇总分析

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112860

Juan A. Sanchis-Gimeno , Pablo Nova-Baeza , Mathias Orellana-Donoso , Juan José Valenzuela-Fuenzalida , Shahed Nalla , Ilker Ercan

Background

Pre-exhumation estimates of the number of individuals expected to be present in a grave are routinely used to guide fieldwork planning, laboratory workflows, and communication with families. However, the degree to which these expectations match the number of individuals actually recovered can vary across contexts and burial features.

Aim

To quantify the discrepancy between the number of individuals expected prior to exhumation and the number recovered after exhumation in a set of exhumed mass graves at Paterna Cemetery, using an aggregate (global) recovery proportion derived from official reporting.

Materials and methods

For each mass grave, two counts were extracted from official reporting: a) the number of subjects to be found before exhumations (NSTBF; expected); and b) the real number of subjects found after the exhumations (RNSF; recovered). Recovery percentage per mass grave was defined as RNSF/NSTBF. The primary outcome was the global recovery proportion computed as ΣRNSF/ΣNSTBF across all included mass graves.

Results

Across 15 mass graves, 1180 individuals were expected and 1048 were recovered, yielding a global recovery proportion of 0.888 (88.8 %). The overall shortfall relative to expectations was 132 individuals (11.2 %). Mass graves recovery ranged from 0 % (0/20) to 100 % (e.g., 42/42; 98/98; 107/107). Eight of fifteen mass graves showed ≥ 90 % recovery, whereas two showed < 10 % recovery (1/19 and 0/20).

Conclusions

In this set of exhumed mass graves, recovery totals were lower than expected overall when aggregated across features. The magnitude and variability of the shortfall support incorporating uncertainty into operational planning for recovery and identification rather than assuming expected counts will be fully recovered.

挖掘前对坟墓中预计存在的个体数量的估计通常用于指导野外工作计划、实验室工作流程和与家属的沟通。然而，这些期望与实际发现的个体数量的匹配程度可能因环境和埋葬特征而异。目的利用官方报告得出的总体（全球）恢复比例，量化帕特纳公墓一组挖掘的万人冢中挖掘前预计的个人人数与挖掘后恢复的人数之间的差异。材料和方法对于每个万人坑，从官方报告中提取两个计数：a)挖掘前发现的尸体数量（NSTBF；预期）；b)挖掘后发现的受试者的实际人数（RNSF；已恢复）。每个万人坑的回收率定义为RNSF/NSTBF。主要结果是所有纳入的万人坑的全球恢复比例，计算为ΣRNSF/ΣNSTBF。结果在15个万人坑中，预计有1180人被发现，1048人被发现，全球回收率为0.888（88.0 %）。与预期相比，总缺口为132人（11.2% %）。万人坑的回收率从0 %（0/20）到100 %（例如，42/42;98/98;107/107）。15个万人坑中8个的回收率≥ 90 %，2个的回收率为<； 10 %（1/19和0/20）。结论在这组已发掘的万人坑中，各特征汇总后的复原总数总体上低于预期。支助短缺的规模和可变性将不确定性纳入恢复和确定的业务规划，而不是假设预期的数量将完全恢复。

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引用次数: 0

Publisher Note 出版商记

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112835

引用次数: 0

Development of a standardized routine workflow for entomological and toxicological analysis using larvae of two forensically relevant fly species (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 利用两种法医学上相关的蝇类（双翅目，蝇科）的幼虫，制定昆虫学和毒理学分析的标准化常规工作流程。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112855

Laura Siemon, Senta Niederegger, Dirk K. Wissenbach

For more than four decades, no standardized study design or workflow has been established for systematic entomotoxicological research in forensic casework. This study aimed to develop a universal rearing protocol for fly larvae grown on drug-spiked tissue surrogate and a standardized workflow for the qualitative analysis of pharmacologically active compounds (PACs) in insects of different developmental stages. Larvae of Protophormia terraenovae and Lucilia sericata were reared on minced meat serving as tissue surrogate. First-instar larvae were transferred to minced meat spiked with diazepam, amitriptyline, pipamperone, or lamotrigine, each triturated with placebo tablets. Actively feeding and post-feeding third-instar larvae were soaked for 24 h in ethanol (30 mL, 70:30, v:v), and both the larvae and the soaking solution were analysed using LC-MS/MS. The larval extraction method was optimized by replacing pure acetonitrile with an acetonitrile-methanol mixture and introducing centrifugation at −10°C. PAC detection was achieved in both larvae and soaking solution, confirming the sensitivity and applicability of the method. The workflow was further validated using authentic postmortem case samples. These findings demonstrate that ethanol-soaked larvae can be used effectively for both toxicological and entomological analyses. Overall, this study provides a universal and standardized workflow that simplifies and strengthens the application of entomotoxicology in forensic casework.

四十多年来，没有为法医案件系统的昆虫毒理学研究建立标准化的研究设计或工作流程。本研究旨在为不同发育阶段昆虫体内药理活性化合物（PACs）的定性分析建立一个标准化的工作流程。用肉末作为组织替代物饲养地原蝇和丝光绿蝇幼虫。一龄幼虫被转移到加入了安定、阿米替林、哌哌酮或拉莫三嗪的肉末中，每一种肉末都加入了安慰剂片。将三龄幼虫在乙醇（30 mL, 70:30, v:v）中浸泡24 h，采用LC-MS/MS对浸泡液和幼虫进行分析。以乙腈-甲醇混合物代替纯乙腈，并引入-10℃离心，优化了提取幼虫的方法。在幼虫和浸泡液中均能检测到PAC，证实了该方法的敏感性和适用性。使用真实的死后病例样本进一步验证了该工作流程。这些结果表明，乙醇浸泡的幼虫可以有效地用于毒理学和昆虫学分析。总的来说，本研究提供了一个通用和标准化的工作流程，简化和加强了昆虫毒理学在法医案件工作中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

The mystery of post-mortem Gamma-hydroxybutyrate formation - method development and validation for the detection of endogenous GHB and its related compounds 死后γ -羟基丁酸盐形成之谜——内源性GHB及其相关化合物检测方法的开发与验证。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112837

Jana Kietzerow , Mario Thevis , Hilke Andresen-Streichert

Interpreting γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) concentrations in post-mortem samples remains challenging, due to the potential for formation both in corpore after death and in vitro after sampling. The possible influence of metabolically-related endogenous substances on post-mortem GHB levels has not yet been clarified. To address this, an analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of GHB, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), and eight related endogenous compounds: succinic semialdehyde, γ-aminobutyric acid, putrescine, α-hydroxybutyrate (AHB), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), L-glutamic acid, succinic acid, and GHB-glucuronide (GHB-Gluc). Sample preparation involved protein precipitation using acetonitrile/methanol (85:15), followed by solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase C-18 analytical column with a 33-minute gradient run employing water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1 % formic acid, as mobile phases. Human whole blood served as the matrix for calibration and quality controls, with endogenous levels corrected using matrix blanks. The method achieved limits of detection and limits of quantification of 0.5 µg/mL for all analytes. Calibration ranges extended up to 75 µg/mL, depending on the substance. Linear regression was applicable for most analytes, except BHB, GHB, putrescine, and succinic acid. Accuracy and precision were satisfactory (< +/- 10 %) across all concentration levels. The LC-MS/MS method allows for comprehensive quantification of GHB and related endogenous substances potentially involved in its post-mortem increase. Application to real post-mortem samples will help clarifying the role of these compounds in GHB formation after death and support more accurate interpretation of forensic toxicological findings.

解释尸体样本中的γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）浓度仍然具有挑战性，因为在死亡后的体内和取样后的体外都可能形成GHB。与代谢相关的内源性物质对死后GHB水平的可能影响尚未得到澄清。为解决这一问题，建立并验证了同时检测GHB、γ-丁内酯（GBL）和琥珀酸半醛、γ-氨基丁酸、腐胺、α-羟基丁酸（AHB）、β-羟基丁酸（BHB）、l -谷氨酸、琥珀酸和GHB-葡萄糖醛酸（GHB- gluc）等8种内源性化合物的分析方法。样品制备包括用乙腈/甲醇（85:15）沉淀蛋白质，然后固相萃取。色谱分离采用反相C-18分析柱，以含有0.1 %甲酸的水和乙腈为流动相，梯度运行33分钟。人全血作为校准和质量控制的基质，内源性水平使用基质空白进行校正。所有分析物的检出限和定量限均为0.5 µg/mL。校准范围扩展到75 µg/mL，具体取决于物质。线性回归适用于除BHB、GHB、腐胺和琥珀酸外的大多数分析物。在所有浓度水平下，准确度和精密度均令人满意（< +/- 10 %）。LC-MS/MS方法可以全面定量GHB和可能参与其死后增加的相关内源性物质。应用于真实的尸检样本将有助于澄清这些化合物在死亡后GHB形成中的作用，并支持更准确地解释法医毒理学结果。

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引用次数: 0

Fingermark visualisation on Euro banknotes – Current practices in European laboratories and outcomes of the 2024 collaborative exercise of the ENFSI Fingerprint Working Group 欧元钞票上的指纹可视化-欧洲实验室的当前实践和ENFSI指纹工作组2024年合作演习的结果。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112844

Romain Steiner , Monika Hilgert , Jens Brölz , Maria Aurora Fabiano , Aldo Mattei , On behalf of the ENFSI Fingerprint Working Group

The 2024 fingermark visualisation collaborative exercise (visCE), organised by the ENFSI Fingerprint Working Group (FIN-WG), aimed to provide an overview of current practices among European laboratories in the detection of latent fingermarks on Euro banknotes. The exercise focused on two denominations (€10 and €50) to investigate the impact of substrate characteristics, particularly the presence of a protective coating, on fingermark visualisation. Each test consisted of five fingermarks deposited in different areas of the banknotes. Three fingermarks were naturally deposited by a single donor and two marks were deposited using a fingerprint stamp and artificial secretions. Thirty-seven laboratories across Europe participated to the visCE. Participants were asked to process banknotes using their routine detection sequences, and to submit their results, images, and reagent formulations for evaluation. Twenty distinct detection sequences were reported, reflecting a marked lack of standardisation across laboratories. Amino acid reagents performed well on the unvarnished €50 banknotes but showed reduced efficiency on the varnished €10 notes, where CA fuming and other techniques suited to non-porous substrates yielded superior results. Analysis of the submitted formulations revealed notable variability, with several recipes deviating from established references. Significant inconsistencies were also observed in imaging and observation conditions, including issues with exposure, sharpness, and resolution, which adversely affected the quality of otherwise well-developed fingermarks. Based on the findings, recommended sequences were identified for each denomination: [PRELIM → CA → BMP → VMD_Ag/Zn] for varnished €10 banknotes and [PRELIM → IND/Zn → NIN → PD] for unvarnished €50 banknotes. The results underscore the need for greater harmonisation in detection workflows and imaging practices and will inform future ENFSI initiatives aimed at improving standardisation and reproducibility in fingermark detection across Europe.

由ENFSI指纹工作组（FIN-WG）组织的2024年手印可视化协作演习（visCE）旨在概述欧洲实验室在检测欧元纸币上潜在手印方面的当前做法。本次测试的重点是两种面值（10欧元和50欧元），以研究基材特性的影响，特别是保护涂层的存在，对手印可视化的影响。每次测试都包括在钞票的不同区域留下五个手印。三个手印是由一个捐赠者自然留下的，另外两个手印是用指纹印和人工分泌物留下的。欧洲37个实验室参加了visCE。参与者被要求使用他们的常规检测序列来处理钞票，并提交他们的结果、图像和试剂配方以供评估。报告了20种不同的检测序列，反映了实验室之间明显缺乏标准化。氨基酸试剂在未涂漆的50欧元纸币上表现良好，但在涂漆的10欧元纸币上表现不佳，而CA烟熏和其他适用于无孔基材的技术效果更好。对提交的配方的分析显示出显著的差异，有几个配方偏离了既定的参考资料。在成像和观察条件方面也观察到明显的不一致，包括曝光、清晰度和分辨率的问题，这对原本发育良好的手印质量产生了不利影响。根据研究结果，确定了每种面额的推荐序列：涂漆的10欧元纸币采用[PRELIM→CA→BMP→VMDAg/Zn]，未涂漆的50欧元纸币采用[PRELIM→IND/Zn→NIN→PD]。研究结果强调了在检测工作流程和成像实践中加强协调的必要性，并将为未来的ENFSI计划提供信息，旨在提高整个欧洲手印检测的标准化和可重复性。

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引用次数: 0

Addendum to: A response to EA-4/23 INF:2025 “The Assessment and Accreditation of Opinions and Interpretations using ISO/IEC 17025:2017” 附录：对EA-4/23 INF:2025“使用ISO/IEC 17025:2017评估和认可意见和解释”的回应。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112857

Geoffrey Stewart Morrison , Alex Biedermann , Matt Tart , Didier Meuwly , Charles E.H. Berger , June Guiness

引用次数: 0

Comparison of firing pin impressions on 15,000 consecutively fired cartridge cases From 9 mm Parabellum caliber pistol 9 mm Parabellum口径手枪连续发射的15000个弹壳的击发针印比较

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112841

Asude Nur Algül , Aylin Yalçın Sarıbey

When a firearm is discharged, the firing pin, breech face, extractor, and ejector leave characteristic random features on the cartridge case. Examination of these marks determines whether cartridge cases could have been fired from the same firearm. However, extended use may deform these components and alter the resulting impressions. Therefore, evaluating changes in random features after extensive firing is essential. This study investigates the impact of 15,000 consecutive firing on the firing pin and examines the resulting alterations in the impressions it leaves. The primary objective is to evaluate how these changes affect cartridge case comparison and firearm identification. The experiment was conducted with a TİSAŞ 9 mm Parabellum caliber semi-automatic pistol and MKE 9 × 19 mm Parabellum cartridges. A total of 15,000 rounds were fired. 260 cartridge cases were collected, including 10 from the initial firing and 10 after every 600 rounds. The samples were examined under a stereo microscope and a comparison macroscope to observe morphological changes. All samples were also analyzed digitally using BALİSTİKA®, and similarity scores were calculated to assess changes across firing intervals. This study examined the evolution of firing pin impressions over 15,000 firing and assessed how long-term wear impacts firearm examinations. The results showed that extensive firing causes deformation, which negatively affects the microscopic appearance and the reliability of comparative conclusions. These findings highlight the need for multi-method and holistic approaches in firearm identification to ensure accurate and reliable expert conclusions.

当枪支开火时，射针、后膛面、拔枪器和弹射器会在弹壳上留下特征随机的特征。检查这些标记可以确定弹壳是否可能来自同一支枪。然而，长时间的使用可能会使这些部件变形并改变产生的印痕。因此，评估大规模射击后随机特征的变化是必要的。这项研究调查了15000次连续射击对击发针的影响，并检查了它留下的印痕的变化。主要目的是评估这些变化如何影响弹壳比较和枪支识别。实验用一支TİSAŞ 9 mm Parabellum口径半自动手枪和MKE 9 × 19 mm Parabellum子弹进行。总共发射了15000发子弹。收集了260个弹壳，其中10个来自首次射击，10个来自每600发子弹。在立体显微镜和比较宏观下观察样品的形态变化。所有样本也使用BALİSTİKA®进行数字分析，并计算相似性分数以评估射击间隔的变化。这项研究检查了15,000次射击中击发针印痕的演变，并评估了长期磨损对枪支检查的影响。结果表明，广泛的烧成会引起变形，这对微观形貌和比较结论的可靠性产生负面影响。这些发现突出了在枪支识别中需要多方法和整体方法，以确保准确可靠的专家结论。

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引用次数: 0