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Analysis of hair styling wax residues on human hair: A forensic investigation with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric interpretation
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112308
Arti Yadav , Chongtham Nimi , Sweety Sharma , Sahil Bhan , Sunpreet Kaur , Rajinder Singh
A comparative analysis of hair evidence recovered from the crime scene and the hair of suspects or victims is common in the forensic scenario. However, its evidentiary value increases with cosmetic applications like gel, wax, spray, or other hair treatments. Therefore, after extracting these products from hair strands, they can link the victim and accused to the crime scene and with each other, serving as corroborative evidence. Hair styling wax is one of the daily-wear hair cosmetic products used to manage hairstyles to provide stiffness to the hair strands and offer a high-setting performance. In this work, 19 different brands of hair styling waxes were analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics (principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis). The results showed 96.49 % PCA-LDA training and 94.73 % validation accuracies. A blind test was also performed to test the built model's reliability, which showed 100 % accuracy. Furthermore, a wearing effect study was conducted using human hair samples with hair styling wax where the wax residues were extracted with acetone which showed 100 % matching when visually comparing the spectra of pristine wax samples and wax residues from hair samples. PCA-LDA prediction of the spectra obtained from wax residues from hair samples was also done which showed 87.5 % accuracy. This research presents a rapid and non-destructive method of analyzing hair styling wax products, which may act as corroborative evidence to help criminal investigating agencies.
对从犯罪现场提取的毛发证据和嫌疑人或受害者的毛发进行比较分析,在法医鉴定中十分常见。但是,如果使用凝胶、发蜡、喷雾或其他头发护理产品等化妆品,其证据价值就会增加。因此,从发丝中提取出这些产品后,它们可以将受害人和被告与犯罪现场和彼此联系起来,成为确凿的证据。定型发蜡是用于打理发型的日用美发产品之一,可为发丝提供硬度和高定型性能。在这项工作中,使用 ATR-FTIR 光谱和化学计量学(主成分分析和线性判别分析)分析了 19 种不同品牌的定型发蜡。结果显示,PCA-LDA 的训练准确率为 96.49%,验证准确率为 94.73%。为了测试建立模型的可靠性,还进行了盲测,结果显示准确率为 100%。此外,还使用带有定型发蜡的人类头发样本进行了佩戴效果研究,用丙酮提取了发蜡残留物,目测比较原始发蜡样本和头发样本中的发蜡残留物的光谱,结果显示两者的匹配度为 100%。此外,还对从头发样本的蜡残留物中获得的光谱进行了 PCA-LDA 预测,结果显示准确率为 87.5%。这项研究提出了一种快速、非破坏性的头发定型蜡产品分析方法,可作为确凿证据帮助犯罪调查机构。
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引用次数: 0
A novel approach using cyanoacrylate ester fuming on surfaces with anti-climb paint 使用氰基丙烯酸酯熏蒸表面防爬涂料的新方法
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112306
Maia J. Davatwal , Andrew Langley , Laura J. Vera Stimpson
The use of fingermarks as evidence in forensic science remains indispensable with these being used for identification and/or elimination purposes. A wide array of methods and techniques have been developed to enhance, recover, and preserve fingermarks from various surfaces. However, the forensic community continues to encounter challenges when dealing with certain surfaces, among them is anti-climb paint, presenting unique difficulties due to its non-drying nature. This research introduces a systematic methodology, aligned with current forensic practices, to effectively develop and recover fingermarks from surfaces coated with anti-climb paint, addressing a critical gap in forensic science.
在法医学中,指痕作为证据仍然不可或缺,可用于鉴定和/或消除目的。目前已开发出多种方法和技术来增强、恢复和保存各种表面上的指痕。然而,法证界在处理某些表面时仍然会遇到挑战,其中包括防爬涂料,由于其不干燥的特性,给法证工作带来了独特的困难。本研究介绍了一种与当前法医学实践相一致的系统方法,可有效地从涂有防攀爬涂料的表面上提取和恢复指痕,从而弥补了法医学中的一个重要空白。
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引用次数: 0
Analysing the impact of legal and procedural frameworks on the socio-cultural and political dynamics of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances 分析法律和程序框架对法外处决和强迫失踪的社会文化和政治动态的影响。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112305
Nicholas Dempsey , Reena Sarkar , Richard Bassed
The remains of unlawfully killed individuals can provide evidence concerning human rights violations. The intricate challenges of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances can complicate legal and procedural processes. These cases often present indicators of suspicious circumstances, necessitating specialised investigative approaches to ascertain the circumstance and cause of death as well as potential human rights violations. This review explores the legal and procedural dimensions of handling the remains of individuals who have been unlawfully killed, critically examining the implementation of legal instruments and their impact on the socio-cultural and political landscape regarding cases of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances. This study utilised a Python-based web scraper, with an HTML parsing library to aggregate articles on three themes of 1) International law, humanitarian law and laws protecting human remains 2), protection of human remains in cases of extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances and 3), Considerations of socio-cultural, psychosocial factors in the protection of human remains and institutional failures. The programming-based method for locating articles is innovative, and the search covered both English and Spanish languages. This review establishes the tension between psychosocial/cultural requirements and legal practice, and describes community mechanisms such as social services, mental health support for affected families, and citizen initiatives. By emphasising the gap between legal standards and practical execution, the study highlights the need to refine legal guidance and strengthen procedural compliance to uphold the dignity of the deceased and ensure accountability for violations of the right to life.
被非法杀害者的遗骸可以提供有关侵犯人权行为的证据。法外处决和强迫失踪问题错综复杂,可能使法律和程序过程复杂化。这些案件往往显示出可疑情况的迹象,需要采取专门的调查方法来确定死亡情况和原因以及潜在的侵犯人权行为。本综述探讨了处理被非法杀害者遗体的法律和程序问题,批判性地审查了法律文书的执行情况及其对法外处决和强迫失踪案件的社会文化和政治环境的影响。本研究利用基于 Python 的网络搜刮器和 HTML 解析库,汇集了关于以下三个主题的文章:1)国际法、人道主义法和保护遗骸的法律;2)法外处决和强迫失踪案件中的遗骸保护;3)遗骸保护中的社会文化和社会心理因素考量以及制度失灵。以编程为基础的文章定位方法是一种创新,搜索涵盖英语和西班牙语。本综述确定了社会心理/文化要求与法律实践之间的紧张关系,并介绍了社会服务、对受影响家庭的心理健康支持以及公民倡议等社区机制。通过强调法律标准与实际执行之间的差距,本研究强调有必要完善法律指导,加强程序合规性,以维护死者的尊严,确保对侵犯生命权的行为追究责任。
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引用次数: 0
A recommended sampling strategy for genetic identification of Second World War victims in Slovenia 对斯洛文尼亚第二次世界大战受害者进行基因鉴定的建议采样策略。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112304
Jezerka Inkret , Tomaž Zupanc , Eva Podovšovnik , Irena Zupanič Pajnič
Skeletonized human remains from Second World War mass graves in Slovenia are a major challenge in genetic identification, and bones with a high DNA yield must be selected for successful identification. The goal of this study was to construct skeletal sampling strategy recommendations through comparison of the most appropriate groups of skeletal elements. Altogether, 566 bones and teeth from the same mass grave were compared, half analyzed in this study and half in previous studies performed by our group. After anthropological examination, mechanical and chemical cleaning was performed, followed by bone and tooth powdering. Total demineralization of 0.5 g of bone and tooth was followed by extraction and purification of DNA with a Biorobot EZ1 device (Qiagen). The qPCR PowerQuant kit (Promega) was used to measure the amount of DNA, and statistical analysis was performed. Skeletal elements were selected according to known better preservation of DNA in the human body, and they were arranged in seven groups: petrous bone, long bones (femur and tibia), torso bones (first rib and 12th vertebra), metacarpals, metatarsals, short and sesamoid bones (talus, navicular, medial cuneiform, cuboid, calcaneus, and patella), and teeth. Sampling strategy recommendations were constructed based on DNA quantity and quality results. The petrous bone group, metacarpal group, torso bone group, and short and sesamoid bone group produced the highest DNA yields. Accordingly, in addition to standard sampling of long bones (femurs and tibias) and teeth, those additional bone types should be collected for Slovenian Second World War victim identification.
斯洛文尼亚第二次世界大战乱葬坑中的骸骨化人类遗骸是基因鉴定的一大挑战,必须选择DNA产量高的骨骼才能成功鉴定。本研究的目标是通过比较最合适的骨骼元素组别,构建骨骼取样策略建议。我们对来自同一乱葬坑的 566 块骨骼和牙齿进行了比较,其中一半在本研究中进行了分析,另一半在我们小组之前进行的研究中进行了分析。在人类学检查之后,进行了机械和化学清洗,然后是骨骼和牙齿粉末化。对 0.5 克的骨头和牙齿进行全面脱矿,然后用 Biorobot EZ1 设备(Qiagen)提取和纯化 DNA。使用 qPCR PowerQuant 试剂盒(Promega)测量 DNA 的数量,并进行统计分析。根据已知的人体 DNA 保存较好的情况选择骨骼元素,并将其分为七组:岩石骨、长骨(股骨和胫骨)、躯干骨(第一根肋骨和第 12 节椎骨)、掌骨、跖骨、短骨和芝麻状骨(距骨、舟骨、内侧楔形骨、立方骨、小方骨和髌骨)以及牙齿。根据 DNA 数量和质量结果制定了采样策略建议。岩石骨组、掌骨组、躯干骨组以及短骨和芝麻骨组的 DNA 产量最高。因此,除了对长骨(股骨和胫骨)和牙齿进行标准采样外,还应为斯洛文尼亚第二次世界大战受害者身份鉴定收集这些额外的骨骼类型。
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引用次数: 0
Development of an experimental model for assessment of palatal tissue decomposition by intraoral scanner 开发口内扫描仪评估腭组织分解的实验模型。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112303
Sándor Mikó , Arvin Shahbazi , Dalma Pellei , Botond Simon , János Vág
Intraoral scanning of the palate is considered reliable for human identification; however, its accuracy on postmortem tissue remains dubious. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tissue decomposition on the precision of the intraoral scanner and the deviation of the scan. Ten fresh lamb (Ovies aries) maxillae were either unwashed or washed, selected, and stored at 20.5 °C and 80 % humidity for 20 days. Each palate was scanned three times a day with an Emerald S intraoral scanner. The anterior rugae area was cropped for analysis. The three scans of each day for each lamb were digitally aligned using the iterative closest point algorithm to ensure precision. The day one mesh was compared to each subsequent day to assess the postmortem scan deterioration, and a quadratic curve was fitted to the data. The mesh from different lambs was compared on day one to calculate the differences between the lambs. The length, location, and value of the largest curvatures of five randomly chosen rugae on each specimen were determined. A supervised machine learning procedure using linear discriminant classification assessed the specificity and sensitivity of singular ruga discrimination. Precision was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the unwashed group (0.025 mm) compared to the washed group (0.013 mm), but the postmortem days had no effect. The deviation curve for the unwashed samples had a significantly higher quadratic term (p < 0.05) compared to the washed sample, indicating a slightly greater deterioration after day 11. The least difference between lambs was 0.484 mm. The deterioration curves crossed the minimum value on day 6 in both groups. The sensitivity of rugae detection was 0.89 on day one and decreased to 0.69 on day 20; the specificity ranged from 0.59 to 0.66. Intraoral scanning is an accurate approach for postmortem palatal imaging. Superimposition of the anterior palatal scan can accurately distinguish between lambs for up to six days. Nevertheless, deteriorated rugae can still be distinguished with moderate accuracy for up to 20 days.
口内腭部扫描被认为是可靠的人体识别方法,但其对尸体组织的准确性仍值得怀疑。本研究旨在调查组织分解对口内扫描仪精度和扫描偏差的影响。十只新鲜羔羊(Ovies aries)的上颌骨要么未经清洗,要么经过清洗、挑选,并在 20.5 °C 和 80% 湿度下保存 20 天。使用 Emerald S 口内扫描仪每天对每个上颚扫描三次。对前皱襞区域进行剪切分析。使用迭代最近点算法对每只羔羊每天的三次扫描进行数字对齐,以确保精确度。将第一天的网格与随后每一天的网格进行比较,以评估死后扫描的恶化情况,并对数据进行二次曲线拟合。对不同羔羊第一天的网格进行比较,以计算羔羊之间的差异。测定每个标本上随机选择的五个皱褶的长度、位置和最大曲率值。使用线性判别分类的监督机器学习程序评估了单个皱纹判别的特异性和灵敏度。未清洗组的精确度(0.025 毫米)明显低于清洗组(0.013 毫米)(p < 0.001),但尸检天数没有影响。与水洗样品相比,未水洗样品的偏差曲线的二次项明显更高(p < 0.05),这表明第 11 天后的恶化程度略大。羔羊之间的最小差异为 0.484 毫米。两组羔羊的恶化曲线都在第 6 天达到最小值。第 1 天检测皱褶的灵敏度为 0.89,第 20 天降至 0.69;特异性在 0.59 至 0.66 之间。口内扫描是尸检腭部成像的准确方法。叠加腭前部扫描可准确区分羔羊长达六天。尽管如此,在长达 20 天的时间内,仍能以中等准确度区分恶化的褶皱。
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引用次数: 0
Culmination of molecular genomic techniques in forensic crime investigation 分子基因组技术在法医犯罪调查中的应用。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112302
Sanmitro Bhattacherjee , Susmita Mukherjee , Asmita Podder , Sonali Paul
The advancements in the sectors of forensic science along with biological sciences has proved to be a cornerstone in serving justice to people across the world. Genes are the coding languages that the body uses to define the definite characteristics of a human being that differentiates that being amongst million others. Now, to distinguish and get hands on the criminals, unique techniques are developed and introduced in the market to be implemented in the real world in order to handout proper verdict by the judicial system. This paper deals with few of those molecular biology techniques that are implemented in forensics to unfold the reality of the cases. The paper discusses the basics, principles, pros, and cons along with the future aspects of the techniques with the reader and aims at clarifying the concept of analysis of the DNA. Techniques such as PCR, STR, mtDNA, NGS along with forensic DNA database CODIS are analysed in the paper which showcase the importance of the presence of a technique with a database for an optimal inference of the results.
事实证明,法医学和生物科学界的进步是为全世界人民伸张正义的基石。基因是人体用来确定人的明确特征的编码语言,它将人与其他人区分开来。现在,为了分辨和抓捕罪犯,市场上开发和引进了独特的技术,以便在现实世界中实施,由司法系统做出正确的判决。本文论述了在法医学中用于揭示案件真相的几种分子生物学技术。本文与读者讨论了这些技术的基本原理、原理、利弊和未来发展,旨在阐明 DNA 分析的概念。文中分析了 PCR、STR、mtDNA、NGS 等技术以及法医 DNA 数据库 CODIS,展示了一种技术和一个数据库对于最佳推断结果的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Developmental time pattern of Thanatophilus sinuatus at different constant and variable temperatures Thanatophilus sinuatus 在不同恒温和变温条件下的发育时间模式。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112301
Shipeng Shao , Gengwang Hu , Liangliang Li , Yundi Gao , Ruonan Zhang , Siqi Liu , Hongfei Xu , Shuixiu Xia , Yu Wang
As a forensically important species, Thanatophilus sinuatus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) is often active and widely distributed on animal and human carcasses. Although there is developmental data available for this species under small-group feeding conditions, there is still a lack of data on the developmental time of this species under aggregate feeding conditions, focusing on each developmental stage. Also, there are no studies on the development of this species under variable temperatures. Thus, this study focused on the aggregate rearing of T. sinuatus in China at seven constant temperatures and three variable temperatures from 16 to 34 °C, recording the developmental duration and accumulated degree days (ADD) of each developmental stage in detail. Additionally, body length, head capsule width and mesonotum width were measured at different times, and the survival rate was calculated for each stage. Based on the above data, an isomorphen diagram, the linear thermal summation models, the curvilinear Optim SSI models, and a survival curve were established and the head capsule width and mesonotum width were cluster analyzed to identify between instars. In addition, differences in total developmental time between constant and variable temperatures under the same mean temperature were compared to provide more comprehensive developmental data for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) using this species.
Thanatophilus sinuatus(Fabricius,1775 年)(鞘翅目:蝶形目)是一种重要的法医物种,经常活跃在动物和人类尸体上,分布广泛。虽然目前已有该物种在小群取食条件下的发育数据,但仍缺乏该物种在大群取食条件下各发育阶段的发育时间数据。此外,也没有关于该物种在不同温度条件下发育的研究。因此,本研究重点研究了中国在 7 个恒定温度和 3 个从 16 ℃ 到 34 ℃ 的变化温度条件下聚养 T. sinuatus 的情况,详细记录了每个发育阶段的发育持续时间和累积度日(ADD)。此外,还测量了不同时期的体长、头囊宽度和中鳞宽度,并计算了各阶段的存活率。根据上述数据,建立了等体图、线性热和模型、曲线 Optim SSI 模型和存活率曲线,并对头囊宽度和中鳞宽度进行聚类分析,以确定不同龄期之间的差异。此外,还比较了在相同平均温度下,恒温和变温在总发育时间上的差异,为利用该物种估计死后间隔(PMI)提供了更全面的发育数据。
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引用次数: 0
Detected substance abuse among injecting drug users through analysis of used syringes in Tunisia 通过分析突尼斯使用过的注射器发现注射吸毒者滥用药物的情况。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112299
Bilel Moslah , Omar Smaoui , Thomas Néfau , Houyem Boukassoula , Nadia chaouali , Meriem Laaribi , Mohamed Anouar Nouioui , Dorra Amira , Abderrazek Hedhili

Background and aims

Injecting drug use poses significant public health risks due to unsafe practices such as syringe sharing, reuse, and risky sexual behaviors, which increase the transmission of bloodborne viruses. In Tunisia, limited data on injecting drug use hinders the development of informed health and harm reduction policies.

Methods

A syringe collection campaign was conducted in Tunis in November 2022. The used syringes were provided by the Tunisian Association for Information and Orientation on AIDS and Addiction (ATIOST), a harm-reduction service. These syringes had been distributed to people who inject drugs (PWID) as part of a mobile syringe exchange program. The objective of the study was to analyze the contents of the used syringes to gain further insights into drug use patterns among PWID. The residual substances in the syringes were examined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), in accordance with the standardized protocol of the European Syringe Collection and Analysis Project Enterprise (ESCAPE).

Results

A total of 261 syringes from five collection sites were analyzed. Among these, 87 % contained at least one psychoactive substance, while 32 % contained more than two psychoactive substances. The most frequently identified psychoactive substances were buprenorphine (50.28 %), amphetamine (11.65 %) and tramadol (9.66 %). No substances were detected in 34 syringes.

Conclusion

This method provides rapid data on drug use trends in specific regions and timeframes, revealing differences that can inform tailored prevention and harm reduction strategies. Such analyses are valuable for comparative studies across countries in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP-South) region.
背景和目的:由于共用注射器、重复使用注射器和危险的性行为等不安全行为,注射吸毒带来了巨大的公共卫生风险,加剧了血液传播病毒的传播。在突尼斯,有关注射吸毒的数据有限,这阻碍了知情健康和减少伤害政策的制定:方法:2022 年 11 月在突尼斯开展了注射器收集活动。使用过的注射器由突尼斯艾滋病和毒瘾信息与指导协会(ATIOST)提供,这是一项减少伤害的服务。作为流动注射器交换计划的一部分,这些注射器已分发给注射吸毒者(PWID)。研究的目的是分析使用过的注射器中的成分,以进一步了解注射吸毒者的吸毒模式。根据欧洲注射器收集和分析项目企业(ESCAPE)的标准化方案,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)对注射器中的残留物质进行了检测:共分析了来自五个收集点的 261 支注射器。其中,87%的注射器至少含有一种精神活性物质,32%的注射器含有两种以上的精神活性物质。最常发现的精神活性物质是丁丙诺啡(50.28%)、苯丙胺(11.65%)和曲马多(9.66%)。34 支注射器中未检测出任何药物:这种方法可以快速提供特定地区和时间段内毒品使用趋势的数据,揭示差异,为有针对性的预防和减少伤害策略提供信息。这种分析对于欧洲睦邻政策(ENP-South)地区各国之间的比较研究很有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Findings of synthetic cathinones in post-mortem toxicology 尸检毒理学对合成卡西酮的发现。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112297
Pirkko Kriikku , Ilkka Ojanperä
Synthetic cathinones (SCs) are a group of new psychoactive substances with amphetamine-like effects but generally higher potency. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and significance of SCs in post-mortem (PM) investigations in Finland, focusing on the three most prevalent substances: α-PVP, α-PHP, and α-PiHP. All PM cases positive for SCs during 2018–2023 were investigated with respect to cause and manner of death, PM blood and urine concentrations, and concomitant use of other drugs of abuse. There were 136 findings of α-PVP, α-PHP, or α-PiHP in 118 death cases, in which the median age at death was 35 years and 82 % were males. Concomitant opioids, stimulants, or sedatives were found in 69–92 % of cases, and cannabis in 39–47 %. In two cases (1.7 %), SCs were the only findings of abused drugs. Thirty-four fatal poisonings (29 %) were identified in which at least one of the three SCs was implicated in the cause of death. The median (range) femoral blood concentrations of α-PVP, α-PHP, and α-PiHP in these poisoning cases were 0.18 (0.03–2.6) mg/L, 0.16 (0.02–0.58) mg/L, and 0.14 (0.03–2.1) mg/L, respectively. α-PVP, α-PHP and α-PiHP were found in 4.0 % of all drug abuse cases and in 2.7 % of all fatal poisonings related to drug abuse, while for amphetamine/methamphetamine, these figures were 44 % and 21 %, respectively. Despite their lower prevalence in PM cases, SCs appear to have similar abuse liability and similar drug use patterns to amphetamine.
合成卡西酮(SC)是一组新的精神活性物质,具有类似苯丙胺的效果,但一般药效更高。本研究旨在评估芬兰尸检(PM)中SCs的发生率和重要性,重点关注三种最普遍的物质:α-PVP、α-PHP和α-PiHP。对2018-2023年期间所有SCs阳性的PM病例进行了调查,调查内容包括死因和死亡方式、PM血液和尿液浓度以及同时使用其他滥用药物的情况。在118例死亡病例中有136例发现α-PVP、α-PHP或α-PiHP,其中死亡年龄中位数为35岁,82%为男性。在 69-92% 的病例中发现了阿片类药物、兴奋剂或镇静剂,在 39-47% 的病例中发现了大麻。在两个病例(1.7%)中,仅发现了 SCs。在已查明的 34 例致命中毒事件(29%)中,死因至少与三种 SCs 中的一种有关。在这些中毒病例中,α-PVP、α-PHP 和 α-PiHP 的股静脉血浓度中位数(范围)分别为 0.18(0.03-2.6)毫克/升、0.16(0.02-0.58)毫克/升和 0.14(0.03-2.1)毫克/升。在所有药物滥用病例中发现α-PVP、α-PHP和α-PiHP的比例分别为4.0%和2.7%,而苯丙胺/甲基苯丙胺的比例分别为44%和21%。尽管SC在PM病例中的流行率较低,但其滥用责任和药物使用模式似乎与苯丙胺相似。
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引用次数: 0
Outside-in hair contamination by blood containing opiates and opioids 含有鸦片制剂和阿片类药物的血液对头发的外源性污染。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2024.112298
Alexandre Czech , Julien Scala-Bertola , Elise Pape , Allan Kolodziej , Nathalie Tscheiller , Jean-Yves Jouzeau , Elodie Marchand , Nicolas Gambier
Hair analysis for drugs has become extensively used for forensic investigation in recent years. To best interpret hair drug content in post-mortem conditions, the extent of external contamination by biological fluids, such as blood, must be taken into account to avoid false positive results. The present study evaluated opiates and opioids incorporation into hair from blood containing different concentrations of morphine (MOR), 6-mono-acetyl morphine (6-AM), codeine (COD), dihydrocodeine (DHC), tramadol (TRA), oxycodone (OXY), methadone (MET), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3- diphenyl pyrrolidine (EDDP), buprenorphine (BUP) and norbuprenorphine (NBUP). The hair strands contaminated by brief soaking into blood were stored at room temperature (RT) or at 4°C during 6 hours, 1, 3, 7 or 14 days. After decontamination by extensive washing, we show that all opiates and opioids were incorporated into hair within a few hours at RT and 4°C, without significant changes over time. The concentrations of opiates and opioids in hair reached the cut-off levels established by the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) for therapeutic (MET, COD), or toxic or lethal (all other molecules) blood concentrations. The metabolite to parent drug concentration ratios were determined for NBUP/BUP, MOR/6-AM and EDDP/MET and could be helpful as indicators of blood external contamination.
近年来,毛发毒品分析已广泛用于法医调查。为了最好地解释死后毛发中的药物含量,必须考虑到血液等生物液体的外部污染程度,以避免出现假阳性结果。本研究评估了血液中不同浓度的吗啡(MOR)、6-单乙酰吗啡(6-AM)、可待因(COD)和二氢可待因(DHC)在毛发中的鸦片制剂和阿片类药物含量、在血液中含有不同浓度的吗啡(MOR)、6-单乙酰吗啡(6-AM)、可待因(COD)、双氢可待因(DHC)、曲马多(TRA)、羟考酮(OXY)、美沙酮(MET)、2-亚乙基-1,5-二甲基-3,3-二苯基吡咯烷(EDDP)、丁丙诺啡(BUP)和去甲丁丙诺啡(NBUP)的毛发。被血液短暂浸泡污染的发丝在室温(RT)或 4°C 下分别保存 6 小时、1 天、3 天、7 天或 14 天。经过大量清洗去污后,我们发现所有阿片剂和阿片类药物都在室温和 4 摄氏度下的几小时内融入头发中,随着时间的推移没有发生显著变化。头发中阿片剂和阿片类药物的浓度达到了毛发检测协会(SoHT)为治疗性(MET、COD)或毒性或致死性(所有其他分子)血药浓度设定的临界水平。测定了 NBUP/BUP、MOR/6-AM 和 EDDP/MET 的代谢物与母体药物浓度比,可作为血液外部污染的指标。
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Forensic science international
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