Forensic science international最新文献_第7页

Energies of different assault tools in blunt force trauma 钝器外伤中不同攻击工具的能量

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112776

Michael S. Frantz, Florian D. Sprenger, Christian Jackowski

Due to the inherent ubiquity of objects capable of inflicting blunt force trauma, such injuries are a frequent occurrence in forensic investigations of violent crimes. While the injury patterns and medical consequences resulting from blunt force trauma have already been extensively researched, the forces or energies that act during impact are still largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the impact energies and moments of inertia (MOI) of various everyday items recently used as assault weapons. Five different tools but with similar MOI's were examined, namely a crutch, a vacuum cleaner tube, a nylon hammer, a cooking pot and a frying pan. A total of 500 strikes were performed by 10 volunteers which resulted in the following average energy transfers from the tools to the target medium: 75.5 ± 10.7 J for the crutch, 70.6 ± 9.2 J for the nylon hammer, 63.4 ± 9.5 J for the cooking pot, 61.2 ± 10.9 J for the vacuum cleaner tube, and 53.2 ± 9.3 J for the frying pan. This data allows, in conjunction with energy limit value tables for specific injuries or bone fractures, to determine whether a hit with the corresponding assault tool could potentially have led to a certain injury or death [1], [2]. The impact energies generated as a function of the physical properties of the striking objects or of the perpetrator, may serve as evidence in the forensic assessment and evaluation of injury risks in legal cases. This study demonstrates a clear correlation between the MOI, or the individual's body height, and the impact energies. These experimental findings make it possible to interpolate the impact energies expected from a questioned tool based on its physical properties and the biophysical characteristics of the assailant, thereby enabling a more informed estimation of the associated injury potential.

由于能够造成钝力创伤的物体本身无处不在，这种伤害在暴力犯罪的法医调查中经常发生。虽然钝器创伤造成的损伤模式和医学后果已经得到了广泛的研究，但在撞击过程中起作用的力或能量在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究旨在确定最近作为攻击性武器使用的各种日常物品的冲击能量和惯性矩（MOI）。研究人员检查了五种不同但MOI相似的工具，即拐杖、真空吸尘器管、尼龙锤、烹饪锅和煎锅。500罢工是由10名志愿者导致下面的平均能量转移从工具到目标介质: 75.5±10.7  J拐杖, 70.6±9.2  J尼龙锤, 63.4±9.5  J锅, 61.2±10.9  J吸尘器管,和53.2 ±9.3  J煎锅。这些数据，结合特定伤害或骨折的能量限值表，可以确定使用相应的攻击工具进行撞击是否可能导致某种伤害或死亡[1]，b[2]。撞击产生的能量与撞击物体或肇事者的物理特性有关，可作为法律案件中法医评估和伤害风险评估的证据。这项研究证明了MOI（即个人身高）与撞击能量之间存在明显的相关性。这些实验结果使得根据攻击者的物理特性和生物物理特征，从被质疑的工具中插入预期的冲击能量成为可能，从而能够更准确地估计相关的伤害潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa l. and oil: Method validation and analysis by LC-MS/MS 大麻油中大麻素含量：LC-MS/MS方法验证及分析

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112781

Patricia da Silva Montes Drobnjak , Jorge Jardim Zacca , Eloisa Dutra Caldas

In recent years, Cannabis sativa L. has experienced cultural and legal acceptance in many countries, both for recreational and medicinal use, so plant material and cannabis products are frequently seized in a country by local and federal authorities to control traffic. Consequently, appropriate methods for quantifying the cannabinoids are essential to ensure regulatory compliance of these products. The main cannabinoids of regulatory and safety interest include Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN). In this study, an LC–MS/MS method was validated for the simultaneous analysis of THC, CBD, CBN and its acids CBDA, THCA, and CBNA in plant material and oil-based cannabis products, with LOQs ranging from 0.015 % to 0.18 %. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze 108 plant material (91 compressed, 11 inflorescences and six leaf) and four hashish samples provided by the Brazilian Federal Police, four cannabis roots provided by the Civil Police of the Federal District and 23 cannabis oils supplied by individuals or civil organizations. THC, THCA and CBN were found in all plant material samples, at the highest concentrations in compressed material (13.2, 8.69 and 2.77 %, respectively). None of the analyzed compounds were detected in the roots. All oil samples contained THC and CBD, with levels reaching 60.9 and 29.8 %, respectively; only four samples had THC levels within the Brazilian legal limit for medical use as phytopharmaceuticals or herbal medicine (up to 0.2 %). All hashish samples had THC (up to 58.5 %), THCA (up to 0.32 %) and CBN (up to 9.1 %). This study underscores the importance of quantifying these compounds amidst the diverse and rapidly changing regulatory landscape worldwide.

近年来，大麻在许多国家的文化和法律上都得到了认可，无论是娱乐用途还是药用用途，因此，在一个国家，地方和联邦当局经常没收植物材料和大麻产品，以控制交通。因此，适当的方法来量化大麻素是必不可少的，以确保这些产品的法规遵从性。监管和安全关注的主要大麻素包括Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)，大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻酚（CBN）。本研究采用LC-MS /MS同时分析植物原料和油基大麻产品中四氢大麻酚、CBD、CBN及其酸CBDA、THCA和CBNA， loq范围为0.015 % ~ 0.18 %。该方法成功地应用于巴西联邦警察提供的108种植物材料（91种压缩材料、11种花序和6片叶子）和4种大麻样品、联邦区民警提供的4种大麻根以及个人或民间组织提供的23种大麻油的分析。四氢大麻酚（THC）、四氢大麻酚（THCA）和四氢大麻酚（CBN）在所有植物材料样品中均有发现，其中压缩材料中含量最高（分别为13.2、8.69和2.77 %）。所分析的化合物均未在根中检测到。所有油样均含有THC和CBD，含量分别达到60.9%和29.8% %；只有四个样品的四氢大麻酚含量在巴西作为植物药或草药的医疗用途的法定限制范围内（高达0.2 %）。所有大麻样品均含有四氢大麻酚（高达58.5% %）、四氢大麻酚（高达0.32 %）和CBN（高达9.1% %）。这项研究强调了在世界范围内多样化和快速变化的监管环境中量化这些化合物的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Postmortem toxicological findings in child suicides: A 23-year retrospective study in Sweden 儿童自杀的死后毒理学发现：瑞典一项23年的回顾性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112784

Mensura Junuzovic , Anders Rietz , Anneli Jönsson

Globally, suicide is a leading cause of mortality among teenage children and adolescents. Alcohol and other substances of abuse may influence both the decision to commit suicide and the choice of method. However, only few studies focused on toxicological findings in child suicides. The aim of this study was to map postmortem toxicological findings in child suicides in Sweden. Data on age, sex, suicide method and toxicology in 500 suicides (age 8–17 years) in 2000–2022 were retrieved from the National Board of Forensic Medicine database. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed to examine associations between sex, age, suicide method and toxicology findings. Positive toxicological findings were present in 210 cases (42 %), most frequently among deaths from poisoning and jumping from a high place. Licit drugs were the most common substances (30 %), followed by alcohol (14 %). Antidepressants were the most frequently detected licit drugs and were significantly more common in females (p = 0.002). Among toxicology positive cases, hypnosedatives were detected in 15 % of cases, narcotic analgesics in 9 %, and central stimulants in 6 %. Alcohol was equally common in both sexes, with a mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 1.15 g/L. More than half (57 %) of the alcohol positive cases had BAC levels ≥ 1 g/L. The most common alcohol combinations were with narcotic analgesics and central stimulants. Illicit drugs were rare (n = 14), mainly cannabis. These findings offer insights into child suicides and may inform future suicide prevention strategies targeting children.

在全球范围内，自杀是青少年死亡的主要原因。酒精和其他滥用物质可能影响自杀的决定和自杀方法的选择。然而，只有少数研究关注儿童自杀的毒理学结果。这项研究的目的是绘制瑞典儿童自杀的死后毒理学研究结果。从美国国家法医委员会数据库中检索2000-2022年间500例自杀者（8-17岁）的年龄、性别、自杀方式和毒理学数据。描述性统计分析用于检验性别、年龄、自杀方式和毒理学结果之间的关系。210例（42. %）毒理学结果呈阳性，最常见的死亡原因是中毒和跳高。合法药物是最常见的物质（30% %），其次是酒精（14% %）。抗抑郁药是最常见的合法药物，在女性中更为常见（p = 0.002）。在毒理学阳性病例中，检出催眠镇静剂15 %，麻醉性镇痛药9 %，中枢兴奋剂6 %。酒精在两性中同样普遍，平均血液酒精浓度（BAC）为1.15 g/L。超过一半（57 %）的酒精阳性病例BAC水平≥ 1 g/L。最常见的酒精组合是麻醉性镇痛药和中枢兴奋剂。非法药物很少（n = 14），主要是大麻。这些发现提供了对儿童自杀的见解，并可能为未来针对儿童的自杀预防策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of recipient garment texture on the transfer and persistence of fibres 受洗衣物的质地对纤维转移和持久力的影响

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112773

Sandrine Chainé , Yu Chen Lim-Hitchings , Laurent Lepot , Geneviève Massonnet

The characteristics of the recipient garment play an important role in transfer and persistence, which are key factors in interpreting fibre evidence. This study aimed to establish the influence of the recipient garment’s surface on fibre transfer and persistence. Five characteristics were considered on nine recipient garments: knit density, yarn spin, sheddability, surface roughness (average and quadratic), and protruding fibres measurements (average height and density). Simulated contacts with the same donor garment were then conducted to assess fibre transfer. After the initial contact, the persistence of fibres was evaluated for eight hours as participants wore a piece of the recipient garment. For fibre transfer, the results show that the parameter of significant influence is the recipient’s knit density. Indeed, it was observed that recipient garments of loose knits allow more fibres to be transferred. Loose knits have thicker wales and courses, which generate more friction when contact occurs. This friction can pull out or fragment fibres on the donor garment. The quadratic surface roughness and the average height of protruding fibres were found to be crucial for the assessment of fibre loss. In short, recipients of greater roughness and with many long protruding fibres have less fibre loss. Highly textured textiles allow the fibres to burrow into the surface. Furthermore, protruding fibres create binding sites for the entanglement of fibres.

受体服装的特征在传递和持久方面起着重要作用，这是解释纤维证据的关键因素。本研究旨在探讨衣物表面对纤维转移和持久性的影响。九件受奖服装的五个特征是：针织密度、纱线纺度、易脱落性、表面粗糙度（平均和二次）以及突出纤维的尺寸（平均高度和密度）。然后进行与同一供体服装的模拟接触，以评估纤维转移。初次接触后，研究人员对纤维的持久性进行了8小时的评估，让参与者穿上一件接受者的衣服。结果表明，对纤维传递影响最大的参数是织物的编织密度。事实上，有人观察到，宽松的针织衣服可以转移更多的纤维。宽松的针织品有较厚的威尔士和路线，产生更多的摩擦时，发生接触。这种摩擦会拉出或撕裂布料上的纤维。发现二次表面粗糙度和突出纤维的平均高度对纤维损耗的评估至关重要。简而言之，粗糙程度越高，纤维越长，纤维损失越少。高质感的纺织品可以让纤维深入到表面。此外，突出的纤维为纤维缠结创造了结合位点。

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引用次数: 0

Unravelling time after death: A comprehensive review of multi-omics approaches in postmortem interval estimation 揭示死亡后的时间：多组学方法在死后时间估计中的综合综述。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112779

Mian Sahib Zar , Afshan Bibi , Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar

The estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is a cornerstone of forensic investigations, offering crucial insights into the time of death. However, traditional approaches—relying on rigor mortis, livor mortis, algor mortis, decomposition stages, and insect activity—are often hindered by environmental and biological variability, leading to inconsistent results. In recent years, multi-omics technologies, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and microbiomics, have emerged as transformative tools to address these challenges. By integrating data across these molecular layers, multi-omics provides a more nuanced and accurate understanding of postmortem changes. This review highlights the applications of multi-omics in PMI estimation, emphasizing its ability to refine traditional methods. Additionally, the integration of machine learning and portable technologies is explored as a pathway to enhance the accessibility and accuracy of these approaches. Ethical considerations surrounding the use of sensitive molecular data in forensic contexts are also discussed. Finally, the review envisions a future shaped by interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous innovation, positioning multi-omics as a cornerstone of modern forensic science.

对死亡时间间隔的估计是法医调查的基石，为了解死亡时间提供了重要的见解。然而，传统的方法——依赖于尸僵度、尸深、尸深、分解阶段和昆虫活动——经常受到环境和生物多样性的阻碍，导致结果不一致。近年来，包括基因组学、转录组学、表观基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、脂质组学和微生物组学在内的多组学技术已经成为应对这些挑战的变革性工具。通过整合这些分子层的数据，多组学提供了对死后变化更细致和准确的理解。本文综述了多组学在PMI估计中的应用，强调了其改进传统方法的能力。此外，探索了机器学习和便携式技术的集成，作为提高这些方法的可访问性和准确性的途径。围绕在法医环境中使用敏感分子数据的伦理考虑也进行了讨论。最后，该综述展望了跨学科合作和持续创新的未来，将多组学定位为现代法医科学的基石。

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引用次数: 0

Drug toxicity deaths associated with opioid agonist treatment: An analysis of methadone and buprenorphine-related fatalities in Victoria, Australia 阿片类激动剂治疗相关的药物毒性死亡：澳大利亚维多利亚州美沙酮和丁丙诺啡相关死亡的分析。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112772

Nathan C. Stam , Yvonne Bonomo , John Furler , Olaf H. Drummer , Jennifer L. Schumann

Aims

To examine deaths associated with methadone and buprenorphine in order to identify opportunities to improve clinical practice for opioid agonist treatment.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of methadone and buprenorphine toxicity-related deaths over a 13-year period between the 1st of January 2009 and the 31st of December 2021 in the state of Victoria, Australia. Case details were extracted from the National Coronial Information System, including treatment permit information, as well as detailed toxicological and autopsy findings.

Results

446 fatal methadone-toxicity cases and 131 fatal buprenorphine-toxicity cases were identified over the study period. Drug diversion-related deaths accounted for almost half (46.2 %, n = 206) of the fatal methadone toxicity cases, and 41.2 % (n = 54) of fatal buprenorphine toxicity cases over the study period. For people in current treatment, high risk prescription and illicit drug combinations were commonly seen in unintentional fatal drug toxicity cases. For buprenorphine-related deaths this included 75 % (n = 38) of cases that involved other opioids, 77 % (n = 39) that involved CNS depressants, and 61 % (n = 31) with a combination of other opioids, benzodiazepines and buprenorphine. Similarly, 43 % (n = 94) of methadone-related deaths also involved other opioids, with 88 % (n = 191) involving CNS depressants, including benzodiazepines in 83 % (n = 180) of cases.

Conclusion:

Almost all (96 %) unintentional drug toxicity deaths for people in treatment with methadone or buprenorphine occurred with the concomitant use of other opioid drugs or CNS depressants. Drug diversion-related deaths were also identified as an important public health issue that requires appropriate consideration to balance treatment accessibility with the drug diversion problem.

目的：研究与美沙酮和丁丙诺啡相关的死亡，以确定改善阿片类激动剂治疗的临床实践的机会。方法：对澳大利亚维多利亚州2009年1月1日至2021年12月31日13年间美沙酮和丁丙诺啡毒性相关死亡进行回顾性队列研究。病例细节从国家冠状信息系统中提取，包括治疗许可信息，以及详细的毒理学和尸检结果。结果：研究期间共发现美沙酮致死性毒性病例446例，丁丙诺啡致死性毒性病例131例。在研究期间，与药物转移相关的死亡几乎占美沙酮致死性毒性病例的一半（46.2% %,n = 206），占丁丙诺啡致死性毒性病例的41.2% % （n = 54）。对于目前接受治疗的人来说，高风险处方和非法药物组合在意外致死性药物毒性病例中很常见。这包括buprenorphine-related死亡75 % (n = 38)涉及其他阿片类药物的情况下,77 % (n = 39),涉及中枢神经系统抑制剂,和61年 % (n = 31)结合其他阿片类药物,苯二氮卓类和丁丙诺啡。同样,43 % (n = 94)methadone-related死亡还涉及其他阿片类药物,与88年 % (n = 191)涉及中枢神经系统抑制剂,包括83年苯二氮卓类 % (n = 180)的病例。结论：在接受美沙酮或丁丙诺啡治疗的患者中，几乎所有（96% %）的非故意药物毒性死亡都发生在同时使用其他阿片类药物或中枢神经系统抑制剂的情况下。与药物转移有关的死亡也被确定为一个重要的公共卫生问题，需要适当考虑以平衡治疗可及性与药物转移问题。

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引用次数: 0

Driving under the influence of drugs in the Netherlands: Toxicological results between 2017 and 2023 荷兰在药物影响下驾驶：2017年至2023年的毒理学结果。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112782

C.M. Boone , M. Pelsers , V. Coopman , T.M. Bosch , K. Maudens

This study evaluates the presence of drugs of abuse (DOA) in blood from drivers suspected of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in the Netherlands from 2017 to 2023. After the introduction of new Dutch DUID legislation in July 2017, police officers were provided roadside oral fluid drug testers to establish suspicion of DUID. Since, there has been a steady and continuing increase in the number of apprehended DUID drivers. A large set of 64,116 blood samples was analysed for the following DOA: cocaine, THC, morphine, GHB and Amphetamine Type Substances (ATS: amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, and MDEA), and compared with the Dutch legal limits. Most of the apprehended drivers were men (92 %), with a median age of 29 years. Of the analyzed blood samples, 65 % was found positive for one or more DOA. The most prevalent drug was THC (71 %), followed by amphetamine type substances (ATS, 30 %), cocaine (15 %) and GHB (6.8 %). Poly-drug use was found in 14 % of the samples, main combinations being THC with amphetamine or cocaine, and GHB with amphetamine. Factors contributing to negative blood results are, amongst others, the blood-oral fluid ratio, a time delay between oral fluid testing and blood sample collection and sending in samples despite a negative oral fluid test. THC was more common amongst younger drivers (under 26 years old), whereas cocaine and ATS use increased with age. The study presents important knowledge for both policymakers and DUID prevention specialists.

本研究评估了2017年至2023年荷兰涉嫌在药物影响下驾驶的司机血液中滥用药物（DOA）的存在。在2017年7月引入新的荷兰DUID立法后，警察获得了路边口服液药检器，以确定DUID的嫌疑。从那以后，被逮捕的酒后驾车司机的数量一直在稳步增长。对64,116份血液样本进行了以下DOA分析：可卡因、四氢大麻酚、吗啡、GHB和安非他明类物质（ATS：安非他明、甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、MDA和MDEA），并与荷兰的法定限量进行了比较。大多数被捕的司机是男性（92% %），年龄中位数为29岁。在分析的血液样本中，65% %发现一种或多种DOA呈阳性。最常见的毒品是四氢大麻酚（71 %），其次是安非他命类物质（ATS, 30 %）、可卡因（15 %）和GHB（6.8 %）。14 %的样本中发现了多种药物的使用，主要是四氢大麻酚与安非他明或可卡因的组合，以及GHB与安非他明的组合。导致血液检测结果阴性的因素除其他外，包括血-口服液比例、口服液检测与血液样本采集之间的时间延迟以及尽管口服液检测结果阴性，但仍将样本送至。四氢大麻酚在年轻司机（26岁以下）中更为常见，而可卡因和苯丙胺类兴奋剂的使用则随着年龄的增长而增加。这项研究为政策制定者和DUID预防专家提供了重要的知识。

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引用次数: 0

Fixation dynamics of pulmonary lividity vis-à-vis external lividity in hanging deaths: A PMCT-based exploratory study 悬吊死亡中肺积灰与-à-vis外积灰的固定动力学：一项基于pmct的探索性研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112786

Gokul G , Abilash S, Abhishek Yadav, Taher Hussain, Sudhir K. Gupta

Background

Postmortem lividity is a well-established external thanatological change, yet its internal manifestation remains underexplored, particularly in the lungs. This exploratory pilot study investigates the fixation dynamics of internal (pulmonary) lividity using postmortem computed tomography (PMCT), its association with external lividity, and its potential forensic implications.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 50 medicolegal autopsy cases of hanging deaths where external lividity was present in any pattern other than the supine-only pattern. The right lung was divided into anterior and posterior segments, and Hounsfield Unit (HU) values of these segments were measured. Internal lividity patterns were scored using a novel HU-based ranking system. External lividity patterns were recorded from autopsy findings. Statistical analysis included paired t-tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.

Results

While 74 % of cases exhibited fixed external lividity in an inferior (“glove and stocking”) pattern, 78 % showed a posterior pulmonary lividity pattern on PMCT. Chi-square analysis failed to detect any statistically significant association between external and pulmonary lividity patterns (χ² = 0.26, p = 0.88). HU differences were greater in anteroposterior comparisons at the inferior lung level (mean Δ = 261.47 HU). The horizontal plane formation in posterior lung regions was significantly associated with complete fixation of external lividity (p = 0.020), though not with time in the supine position.

Conclusion

Pulmonary lividity follows distinct fixation dynamics, independent of external lividity in hanging cases. Quantitative PMCT analysis offers a novel method for identifying pulmonary lividity patterns and provides preliminary evidence for hypothesizing its utility in detecting postmortem body manipulation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating internal lividity assessment into forensic imaging protocols for more accurate reconstructions of postmortem events.

背景：死后尸斑是一种公认的外部死亡变化，但其内部表现仍未得到充分探讨，特别是在肺部。本探索性初步研究利用死后计算机断层扫描（PMCT）研究了内部（肺）尸斑的固定动力学、其与外部尸斑的关联及其潜在的法医意义。方法：我们回顾性分析了50例悬吊死亡的法医尸检病例，除了仰卧模式外，其他任何模式都存在外部尸斑。将右肺分为前段和后段，测量各段的Hounsfield Unit （HU）值。使用一种新颖的基于hu的排名系统对内部尸斑模式进行评分。从尸检结果中记录了外部尸斑。统计分析包括配对t检验、卡方检验和逻辑回归。结果：74% %的病例表现为固定的下（“手套和袜子”）模式外血渍，78% %的PMCT表现为后肺血渍模式。卡方分析未发现肺外和肺内淤斑之间有统计学意义的关联（χ²= 0.26,p = 0.88）。下肺水平的前后比较HU差异更大（平均Δ = 261.47 HU）。肺后区水平面形成与完全固定外积液显著相关（p = 0.020），但与仰卧位时间无关。结论：上吊病例肺部积灰具有明显的固定动力学特征，与外部积灰无关。定量PMCT分析提供了一种新的方法来识别肺瘀斑模式，并提供了初步的证据，假设其在检测死后尸体操作的效用。这些发现强调了将内部尸斑评估整合到法医成像方案中的重要性，以便更准确地重建死后事件。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of myosin light chain 1 from a forensic biological material to identify human striated muscle 从法医生物材料中检测肌球蛋白轻链1以鉴定人横纹肌。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112778

Masanobu Miura , Yukie Yamasaki , Sella Takei , Chie Kobayashi , Kaori Taniguchi , Tomoyo Takata , Satoru Miyaishi

In forensic practice, it may be necessary to identify the source of the tissue at crime scenes and elsewhere. We examined the physiological presence of myosin light chain 1 (MLC1), a structural protein in striated muscle, and designed a method that can identify human skeletal muscle from tissue fragments with very small sample consumption by quantitative analysis of MLC1. The MLC1 content in human muscles was compared with that in 13 different animal muscles and human organs, excluding horse muscles. The mean MLC1 content in the investigated iliopsoas muscles was 0.89 mg/g wet weight. For species identification, it is possible to differentiate human muscles from the muscles of other animal species except for horse. The MLC1 content in various human organs is very low, and differentiation between muscles and other organs is easy. The results showed that this method is highly sensitive, has good organ and species specificity, and is thought to be useful for the preliminary analysis of tissue fragments.

在法医实践中，可能有必要在犯罪现场和其他地方识别组织的来源。我们检测了横纹肌结构蛋白肌球蛋白轻链1 （myosin light chain 1, MLC1）的生理存在，并设计了一种方法，通过对MLC1的定量分析，可以在非常小的样本消耗下从组织片段中识别出人类骨骼肌。将人肌肉中的MLC1含量与除马肌肉外的13种不同动物肌肉和人体器官中的MLC1含量进行比较。髂腰肌中MLC1的平均含量为0.89 mg/g湿重。在物种识别方面，可以将人类肌肉与除马以外的其他动物的肌肉区分开来。MLC1在人体各器官中的含量很低，容易与肌肉和其他器官区分。结果表明，该方法灵敏度高，具有良好的器官和物种特异性，可用于组织片段的初步分析。

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引用次数: 0

Forensics under the Artificial Intelligence Act 人工智能法案下的取证

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2025.112775

Maciej Marcinowski-Prażmowski

Artificial intelligence (AI) based methods are expected to become an essential part of forensics in the coming decades. In 2024 the European Parliament and Council enacted the Artificial Intelligence Act to protect fundamental rights against the potential adverse effects of AI applications. Under the Act, AI systems used in justice and law enforcement are classified as high-risk, imposing strict obligations on both the users and providers. Our study aimed to determine whether forensic experts will fall within the scope of provisions on high-risk systems. Furthermore, to identify potential obligations and penalties, as well as the competent authorities. Our findings indicate that: i) forensic AI systems used by expert witnesses will not be considered high-risk under the current Act; ii) forensic AI systems used by experts contracted or employed in the law enforcement or judiciary will be considered high-risk. Nonetheless, due to practical considerations, it is likely that in cases where expert witnesses decide to use AI systems, most judicial authorities will expect them to use systems compliant with the high-risk regulations. Additionally, while the European Commission has the power to amend the classification of high-risk areas, we have established that the necessary amendment would require only a change of a single letter. Consequently, the use of AI systems by forensic expert witnesses would entail strict technical and supervisory obligations, with non-compliance potentially resulting in i.a. administrative fines.

基于人工智能（AI）的方法预计将在未来几十年成为法医的重要组成部分。2024年，欧洲议会和理事会颁布了《人工智能法案》，以保护基本权利免受人工智能应用的潜在不利影响。根据该法案，用于司法和执法的人工智能系统被归类为高风险系统，对用户和提供者都施加了严格的义务。我们的研究旨在确定法医专家是否属于高风险系统规定的范围。此外，确定潜在的义务和处罚，以及主管当局。我们的研究结果表明：i)根据现行法案，专家证人使用的法医人工智能系统不会被视为高风险；ii)执法或司法部门签约或雇用的专家使用的法医人工智能系统将被视为高风险。尽管如此，出于实际考虑，在专家证人决定使用人工智能系统的情况下，大多数司法当局可能会期望他们使用符合高风险法规的系统。此外，虽然欧洲委员会有权修改高风险地区的分类，但我们已经确定，必要的修改只需要更改一个字母。因此，法医专家证人使用人工智能系统将需要严格的技术和监督义务，不合规可能导致行政罚款。

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引用次数: 0