Forensic science international最新文献_第4页

Determination of cannabinoids in commercial hemp seeds and hemp seed oil products in Türkiye by LC-MS/MS hplc -MS/MS法测定<s:1>基耶市售大麻籽及大麻籽油产品中大麻素的含量

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112836

Cagdas Ufuk Kacargil , Hatice Soyturk , Asli Atasoy Aydin , İsmail Ethem Gören , Goksun Demirel , Nebile Daglioglu

Hemp seeds and hemp seed oil are consumed both as cosmetics and as dietary supplements. Many countries have implemented legal regulations establishing thresholds for cannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), in hemp seeds and hemp seed oil. This study presents the development and validation of a LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in 12 hemp seeds and 20 hemp seed oils. In hemp seeds, as determined using the fully optimized method, the Δ9-THC concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 2.08 µg/g (mean 0.78 µg/g, SD: 0.66 µg/g, SE: 0.19 µg/g), Δ8-THC concentrations from 0.07 to 0.20 µg/g (mean 0.12 µg/g, SD: 0.05 µg/g, SE: 0.01 µg/g), CBD concentrations from 0.13 to 2.40 µg/g (mean 0.88 µg/g, SD: 0.76 µg/g, SE: 0.22 µg/g), CBN concentrations from 0.05 to 0.21 µg/g (mean 0.12 µg/g, SD: 0.05 µg/g, SE: 0.11 µg/g), and THCA concentrations from 0.01 to 1.18 µg/g (mean 0.60 µg/g, SD: 0.59 µg/g, SE: 0.34 µg/g). In hempseed oil, Δ9-THC concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 31.08 µg/mL (mean 6.64 µg/mL, SD: 8.55 µg/mL, SE: 1.96 µg/mL), Δ8-THC concentrations from 0.03 to 15.17 µg/mL (mean 3.57 µg/mL, SD: 3.94 µg/mL, SE: 0.90 µg/mL), CBD concentrations from 0.11 to 24.34 µg/mL (mean 5.15 µg/mL, SD: 6.24 µg/mL, SE: 1.43 µg/mL), CBN concentrations from 0.02 to 3.81 µg/mL (mean 0.94 µg/mL, SD: 1.04 µg/mL, SE: 0.25 µg/mL), and THCA concentrations from 0.08 to 5.57 µg/mL (mean 1.73 µg/mL, SD: 2.25 µg/mL, SE: 0.71 µg/mL). All seed and seed oil samples obtained from the market, except for one seed oil sample, contained detectable amounts of ∑THC. The mean value of the ∑THC level in commercially available hempseed oils in Türkiye (10.21 µg/mL) was higher than the regulatory thresholds applied in Denmark (4 µg/mL) and the European Union (7.5 µg/g), as well as the limit established in the USA (10 µg/g), Canada, New Zealand, and South Korea (10 µg/mL). Since the current laws in Türkiye have adopted the "zero tolerance" principle for Δ9-THC, the findings of this study suggest that cannabinoid levels in seeds and oils may lead to legal problems.

大麻籽和大麻籽油被用作化妆品和膳食补充剂。许多国家已经实施法律法规，确定大麻素的阈值，特别是在大麻籽和大麻籽油中Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol （Δ9-THC）。本研究建立了hplc -MS/MS定量测定12种大麻籽和20种大麻籽油中Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol （Δ9-THC）、Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol （Δ8-THC）、大麻二酚（CBD）、大麻酚（CBN）和四氢大麻酚酸（THCA）含量的方法并进行了验证。在大麻种子,决定使用完全优化的方法,在Δ9-THC浓度范围从0.11到2.08 µg / g(平均0.78 µg / g, SD: 0.66 µg / g, SE: 0.19 µg / g),Δ8-THC浓度从0.07到0.20 µg / g(平均0.12 µg / g, SD: 0.05 µg / g, SE: 0.01 µg / g), CBD浓度从0.13到2.40 µg / g(平均0.88 µg / g, SD: 0.76 µg / g, SE: 0.22 µg / g), CBN含量从0.05到0.21 µg / g(平均0.12 µg / g, SD: 0.05 µg / g, SE:THCA浓度范围为0.01 ~ 1.18 µg/g（平均0.60 µg/g, SD: 0.59 µg/g, SE: 0.34 µg/g）。在大麻籽油Δ9-THC浓度范围从0.11到31.08 µg / mL(平均6.64 µg / mL, SD: 8.55 µg / mL, SE: 1.96 µg / mL),Δ8-THC浓度从0.03到15.17 µg / mL(平均3.57 µg / mL, SD: 3.94 µg / mL, SE: 0.90 µg / mL), CBD浓度从0.11到24.34 µg / mL(平均5.15 µg / mL, SD: 6.24 µg / mL, SE: 1.43 µg / mL), CBN含量从0.02到3.81 µg / mL(平均0.94 µg / mL, SD: 1.04 µg / mL, SE: 0.25 µg / mL),和THCA浓度从0.08到5.57 µg / mL(平均1.73 µg / mL, SD: 2.25 µg / mL, SE: 0.71µg / mL)。除一个种子油样品外，所有从市场上获得的种子和种子油样品均含有可检测量的∑THC。 rkiye市售大麻籽油中∑THC含量的平均值（10.21 µg/mL）高于丹麦（4 µg/mL）和欧盟（7.5 µg/g）的监管阈值，也高于美国（10 µg/g）、加拿大、新西兰和韩国（10 µg/mL）的限值。由于现行法律对Δ9-THC采取了“零容忍”原则，这项研究的结果表明，种子和油中的大麻素水平可能会导致法律问题。

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引用次数: 0

Development and validation of a 365-Plex NGS panel for integrated Y-STR and Y-SNP typing: Enhancing paternal lineage analysis in Chinese populations 用于Y-STR和Y-SNP综合分型的365-Plex NGS面板的开发和验证：加强中国人群父系分析

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112839

Min Li , Xue Yu , Weizhu Zhao , Guofang Cai , Peng Zhou , Chunjiang Yu , Deping Meng , Ran Wei , Xiaoqun Xu , Jiangwei Yan , Song Zhou , Chen Fang

In forensic genetics, Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) are indispensable for paternal lineage identification and population genetic research. While Y-STRs enable short-term familial linkage, their high mutation rates complicate precise lineage determinations. Conversely, Y-SNPs provide stable deep phylogenetic resolution, complementing Y-STRs by resolving mutation-induced ambiguities and enhancing forensic accuracy. However, existing methods lack a combined detection system tailored to Chinese populations that integrates Y-STRs (with varied mutation rates) and Y-SNPs optimized for diverse forensic scenarios. To address this gap, we developed a 365-plex next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel optimized for Chinese populations. The panel integrates 57 Y-STRs (13 rapidly mutating, 44 moderate-to-slow) and 308 Y-SNPs (68 % targeting O subclades), with short amplicons designed for degraded DNA. Validation following SWGDAM guidelines confirmed its reliability. It has a genotyping sensitivity of 125 pg input DNA, 100 % repeatability, and can resolve male-male mixtures up to 1:4 and male-female mixtures up to 1:10 and no cross-reactivity in non-target samples. Among 326 Shandong Han Chinese males, the panel achieved perfect Y-STR haplotype diversity (HD=1.0000) and discrimination capacity (DC=1.0000). Remarkably, 13 rapidly mutating Y-STRs exhibited discriminatory power comparable to 44 moderate-to-slow loci, effectively distinguishing close relatives. Y-SNP analysis identified 137 terminal haplogroups with a haplogroup diversity of 0.9910, confirming high resolution for Chinese populations. By simultaneously analyzing recent familial relationships and deep phylogenetic lineages, this panel resolves Y-STR mutation ambiguities, offering a robust tool for paternal lineage and ancestry analysis in Chinese forensic applications.

在法医遗传学中，y染色体短串联重复序列（Y-STRs）和单核苷酸多态性（Y-SNPs）在父系鉴定和群体遗传学研究中是不可或缺的。虽然y - str可以实现短期的家族连锁，但它们的高突变率使精确的谱系测定复杂化。相反，y - snp提供了稳定的深层系统发育分辨率，通过解决突变引起的模糊性和提高法医准确性来补充y - str。然而，现有方法缺乏针对中国人群的组合检测系统，该系统将y - str（具有不同的突变率）和针对不同法医场景优化的y - snp整合在一起。为了解决这一差距，我们开发了针对中国人群优化的365 plex下一代测序（NGS）面板。该面板集成了57个y - str（13个快速突变，44个中慢突变）和308个y - snp（68 %针对O亚支），以及为降解DNA设计的短扩增子。按照SWGDAM指南进行验证，证实了其可靠性。它具有125 pg输入DNA的基因分型敏感性，100 %的重复性，可以分辨高达1:4的雄性-雄性混合物和高达1:10的雄性-雌性混合物，并且在非目标样品中无交叉反应性。在326例山东汉族男性中，该群体Y-STR单倍型多样性（HD=1.0000）和识别能力（DC=1.0000）均达到完美。值得注意的是，13个快速突变的y - str表现出与44个中慢突变位点相当的歧视能力，有效地区分了近亲。Y-SNP分析鉴定出137个末端单倍群，单倍群多样性为0.9910，证实了中国人群的高分辨率。通过同时分析最近的家族关系和深层的系统发育谱系，该小组解决了Y-STR突变的模糊性，为中国法医应用中的父系谱系和祖先分析提供了一个强大的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of striation-based 3D print source evaluation 基于条纹的3D打印源码评价方法探索

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112834

Maggie Clifton , Teneil Hanna , Ciara Devlin , Matthew Bolton , Scott Chadwick

Over the last decade, international police have witnessed a steady rise in criminal activity related to three-dimensional (3D) printed firearms, documenting seizures of blueprints, components, whole 3D printed firearms as well as 3D printers. Investigators have determined traditional firearm examination techniques are insufficient to facilitate the source printer of 3D printed firearms, instead requiring foundational research and adapted forensic methodologies that will better suit the novel toolmarks. Therefore, the current study aimed to bridge the gaps in understanding of 3D print to printer relationships. The study conducted a comprehensive examination of 3D printed items manufactured by five UltiMaker S5 3D printers to establish the presence and persistence of nozzle deposited markings; known as drag marks, between 3D prints of the same make and model, as well as assessing their potential for source information. The feature exhibited a strong potential to discriminate to specific UltiMaker S5 printers. To further assess drag marks utility in a forensic scenario, exclusion-based decision trees were developed and applied to a blind study of 3D printed items. Which resulted in successful source determination of 44 % of samples, demonstrating the previously unassessed possibility of striations on 3D printed items as class and individual level evaluators. The study suggested the continuance of cataloguing and understanding the presence of toolmarks on seized and laboratory generated 3D printed firearms before implementation into casework. Thereby, forensic investigators can begin to disrupt illicit 3D printed firearm manufacturing and distribution.

在过去十年中，国际警察目睹了与3D打印枪支相关的犯罪活动稳步上升，记录了图纸、组件、整个3D打印枪支以及3D打印机的缉获情况。研究人员已经确定，传统的枪支检查技术不足以促进3D打印枪支的来源打印机，而是需要基础研究和适应的法医方法，以更好地适应新的工具标记。因此，目前的研究旨在弥合对3D打印与打印机关系的理解差距。该研究对5台UltiMaker S5 3D打印机制造的3D打印物品进行了全面检查，以确定喷嘴沉积标记的存在和持久性；被称为拖痕，在相同品牌和型号的3D打印之间，以及评估它们的潜在来源信息。该功能显示出对特定的UltiMaker S5打印机具有很强的歧视性。为了进一步评估拖痕在法医场景中的效用，开发了基于排除的决策树，并将其应用于3D打印物品的盲法研究。这导致了44 %样品的成功来源确定，证明了以前未评估的3D打印物品上的条纹作为类和个人水平评估器的可能性。该研究建议，在实施案例之前，继续对查获的和实验室生成的3D打印枪支上的工具标记进行编目和理解。因此，法医调查人员可以开始破坏非法3D打印枪支的制造和分销。

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引用次数: 0

Objective color measurement of forensic soil samples using a spectrophotometer in the Nirasaki area, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan 用分光光度计测定日本山梨县Nirasaki地区法医土壤样品的客观颜色

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112832

Kento Kumisaka, Hitomi S. Kikkawa, Koichiro Tsuge, Ritsuko Sugita

The visual assessment of soil color is a key component in forensic soil analysis. Soil colors, observed after sequential treatments to decompose organic matter and remove iron oxides, provide essential information for initial screening because they reflect soil-forming factors. However, color determination can be subjective, influenced by the examiner's experience and individual perception. To address this, the study used a spectrophotometer for objective soil color measurement. Soil samples from around Nirasaki, Yamanashi Prefecture were analyzed using the spectrophotometer, and their colors were compared with those on the Munsell soil color charts. Our results demonstrated that the spectrophotometer exhibited high repeatability, and the soil colors identified by both the Munsell soil color chart and the spectrophotometer were comparable. Additionally, the changes in soil color after pretreatment were consistent between the two methods. Therefore, the spectrophotometer is suitable for use in forensic soil examinations. The discrimination power obtained from the spectrophotometer was higher than that from the soil color chart, likely owing to differences in discrimination thresholds. Therefore, soil color comparison methods should remain consistent in the same cases to ensure reliable results.

土壤颜色的目测评价是法医土壤分析的重要组成部分。土壤颜色是在分解有机物和去除氧化铁的连续处理后观察到的，因为它们反映了土壤形成因素，为初步筛选提供了必要的信息。然而，颜色的确定可能是主观的，受考官的经验和个人感知的影响。为了解决这一问题，本研究使用分光光度计进行土壤颜色的客观测量。用分光光度计分析了山梨县Nirasaki附近的土壤样品，并将其颜色与Munsell土壤颜色图进行了比较。结果表明，分光光度计具有较高的重复性，用孟塞尔土壤颜色图和分光光度计所鉴定的土壤颜色具有可比性。两种方法预处理后土壤颜色变化一致。因此，分光光度计适用于法医土壤检测。分光光度计的分辨能力比土壤颜色图的分辨能力要高，这可能是由于分辨阈值的差异。因此，在相同的情况下，土壤颜色比较方法应保持一致，以确保结果可靠。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic review on trace processing and forensic science contributions. Part II: Measuring the contribution of forensic science 对痕迹处理和法医学贡献的系统回顾。第二部分：法医学贡献的测度。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112833

Sonja Bitzer, John Divoy, Inès Lemans

Measuring the value of forensic science is crucial for helping law enforcement agencies allocate resources more effectively, ultimately enhancing policing outcomes. However, this assessment is neither straightforward nor uniform. Through the results of a systematic literature review of studies examining the contribution of forensic science, this study investigates two key questions. A first challenge lies in defining the specific contributions of forensic science, which are closely tied to the definition of forensic science itself, its utility dimensions, and its roles within the criminal justice process. Secondly, these roles vary across cases and contexts, necessitating the use of diverse evaluation metrics. Quantitative metrics, such as the number of traces collected or analysed, lead times, and case clearance rates, provide measurable outcomes, while qualitative measures, including decision-making factors, reasons for trace analysis, and the informational impact on investigations, capture subtler contributions. The findings reveal that forensic science’s perceived value is highly dependent on roles given to or expected by forensic science (operational, strategic or symbolic), impacting factors (personnel, contextual, conceptual and structural) and the metrics and frameworks applied. These results highlight the importance of adopting a holistic and context-sensitive approach to evaluation. By addressing these challenges, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to optimise the integration of forensic science into the criminal justice process.

衡量法医科学的价值对于帮助执法机构更有效地分配资源，最终提高警务成果至关重要。然而，这种评估既不直接也不统一。通过对法医学贡献研究的系统文献综述，本研究探讨了两个关键问题。第一个挑战在于确定法医学的具体贡献，这与法医学本身的定义、其效用维度及其在刑事司法程序中的作用密切相关。其次，这些角色在不同的案例和环境中是不同的，因此需要使用不同的评估标准。定量指标，如收集或分析的痕迹数量、交货期和案件清除率，提供了可衡量的结果，而定性指标，包括决策因素、痕迹分析的原因以及对调查的信息影响，则获得了更微妙的贡献。调查结果表明，法医学的感知价值高度依赖于法医学赋予或期望的角色（业务、战略或象征）、影响因素（人员、上下文、概念和结构）以及所应用的指标和框架。这些结果突出了采用一种整体的和对情况敏感的评价方法的重要性。通过解决这些挑战，本研究为旨在优化法医学与刑事司法程序整合的政策制定者、从业者和研究人员提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Intradiscal vacuum phenomenon on postmortem kinetic computed tomography of the cervical spine suggests intact discoligamentous structures 颈椎死后动态计算机断层扫描显示椎间盘内真空现象提示椎间盘韧带结构完整

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112831

Shogo Shimbashi , Motoo Yoshimiya , Tomoaki Hagita , Akiko Tashiro , Hideki Hyodoh

Background

Anterior disc space widening (ADSW), defined in this study as an autopsy-based category of cervical discoligamentous injury, is difficult to diagnose on postmortem computed tomography. The vacuum phenomenon (VP) has been debated as a trauma-related finding, and several studies have suggested that its presence may indicate ADSW. However, VP generation requires a negative-pressure environment and may not occur in structurally disrupted disc spaces.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 395 cases that underwent autopsy and postmortem kinetic CT of the cervical spine, including neutral and extension series. VP was defined as intervertebral gas with attenuation values below −100 HU. The prevalence of VP was analyzed in relation to cervical positioning, degeneration, and the presence or absence of ADSW.

Results

The prevalence of VP increased significantly from the neutral to the extended position and was consistently higher in degenerated spines, indicating a posture-dependent, degeneration-related phenomenon. In contrast, no clear positive association with ADSW was observed on neutral imaging, and ADSW showed a tendency toward lower VP prevalence in the extended position and among newly appearing VP after positional change. Bayesian logistic regression analysis demonstrated a high posterior probability that the odds ratio for VP occurrence was less than 1 in the presence of ADSW.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that VP reflects degenerative negative-pressure states rather than traumatic disc separation. Accordingly, VP should not be regarded as a marker of traumatic injury but may serve as supportive evidence against ADSW in forensic practice, particularly when evaluated on postmortem kinetic CT.

本研究将前椎间盘间隙扩大（ADSW）定义为一种基于尸检的颈椎间盘韧带损伤，在死后计算机断层扫描上很难诊断。真空现象（VP）一直被认为是一种与创伤有关的发现，一些研究表明它的存在可能表明ADSW。然而，VP的产生需要负压环境，并且可能不会发生在结构破坏的椎间盘间隙中。方法回顾性分析395例经尸检和死后颈椎动力学CT检查的病例，包括中性颈椎和伸展颈椎。VP定义为衰减值低于- 100 HU的椎间气体。分析了VP的患病率与颈椎定位、退变和ADSW存在与否的关系。结果从中立位到伸展位，VP的患病率显著增加，并且在退行性脊柱中始终较高，表明这是一种与姿势相关的退行性现象。与此相反，中性影像未观察到与ADSW有明显的正相关，并且在伸展体位和体位变化后新出现的VP中，ADSW有降低VP患病率的趋势。贝叶斯逻辑回归分析显示，在ADSW存在的情况下，VP发生的比值比小于1的后验概率较高。结论VP反映的是退行性负压状态，而非外伤性椎间盘分离。因此，VP不应被视为创伤性损伤的标志，但在法医实践中可能作为反对ADSW的支持性证据，特别是在尸检动态CT上进行评估时。

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引用次数: 0

Entity recovery in criminal investigations: Evaluating NER and investigator labels on real case texts 刑事调查中的实体恢复：评估真实案例文本上的NER和调查员标签

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112828

Johannes Pippidis Lorentzen , Mads Skipanes

We investigate how effectively automatic named entity recognition can recover entities selected by investigators in real criminal cases. Two homicide cases and one synthetic case were processed with five NER models, and extracted entities were matched to investigator labels using a lightweight entity resolution and similarity scoring method. Police trained models aligned best with investigator annotations, while general-purpose models produced larger but less relevant entity sets. Manual validation confirmed that many labels are not text recoverable, establishing a realistic upper bound on NER performance. The results indicate that extraction and investigative relevance are distinct tasks, motivating a two-stage pipeline and future work on relevance modelling and improved resolution.

我们研究了自动命名实体识别如何有效地恢复调查人员在真实刑事案件中选择的实体。利用5个NER模型对2个杀人案件和1个合成案件进行处理，并使用轻量级实体分辨率和相似度评分方法将提取的实体与调查员标签进行匹配。警察训练的模型与调查员注释最一致，而通用模型产生更大但相关性较低的实体集。手动验证确认了许多标签不是文本可恢复的，从而建立了NER性能的实际上限。结果表明，提取和调查相关性是不同的任务，推动了两阶段的管道和未来的相关建模和提高分辨率的工作。

引用次数: 0

Lysosomal trafficking markers covering PSAP, PGRN, SORT1 and LRP1 in body liquids and cerebral tissue as auxiliary indicative tool of traumatic brain injury 包括体液和脑组织中PSAP、PGRN、SORT1和LRP1在内的溶酶体运输标志物作为外伤性脑损伤的辅助指示工具

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112829

Łukasz A. Poniatowski , Agnieszka Siwińska , Albert Acewicz , Magdalena Kwiatkowska , Mieszko Olczak

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes the principal cause of disability and death globally. Recently, the group of neurotrophic and lysosomal trafficking-related proteins, including prosaposin (PSAP), progranulin (PGRN), sortilin (SORT1), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), has garnered increasing interest in neuroscience research. The aim of this study was to profile the post-mortem levels of PSAP, PGRN, SORT1 and LRP1, and to determine whether these biomarkers could serve as diagnostic tools for mechanistic stratification in forensic neuropathology and medico-legal investigations. The study involved a total of 40 cases, individuals with head injuries (n = 20) suspected to be the cause of death and control atraumatic cases of sudden death (n = 20) due to cardiopulmonary reasons. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were collected approximately 24 h post-mortem and analyzed through ELISA testing. Brain specimens were obtained during forensic autopsies and subjected to immunohistochemical staining. We observed the elevated concentration level of PSAP in CSF, and the elevated concentration level of PGRN within serum and CSF. In the frontal cortex, anti-SORT1 and anti-LRP1 immunostaining revealed a general homogenization of the reaction in the study group. The molecular and cellular evidence suggests lysosomal trafficking disruption as central element of fatal TBI. The redistribution of SORT1 and LRP1, together with CSF-specific PSAP elevation and systemic PGRN increase, support a model in which neuronal lysosomal stress, receptor trafficking breakdown, and systemic release of lysosomal proteins are intertwined. The potential use of PSAP, PGRN, SORT1, and LRP1 assays offers an novel tool for research regarding TBI diagnosis and pathogenesis.

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是全球致残和死亡的主要原因。最近，神经营养蛋白和溶酶体转运相关蛋白，包括prosaposin (PSAP), proanulin (PGRN), SORT1 （SORT1）和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白1 (LRP1)，在神经科学研究中引起了越来越多的兴趣。本研究的目的是分析死后PSAP、PGRN、SORT1和LRP1的水平，并确定这些生物标志物是否可以作为法医神经病理学和法医法律调查中机械分层的诊断工具。该研究共涉及40例病例，其中包括疑似死亡原因的头部损伤（n = 20）和由心肺原因引起的非创伤性猝死（n = 20）。在死后约24 h采集血清和脑脊液（CSF），并通过ELISA检测进行分析。脑标本在法医尸检中获得，并进行免疫组织化学染色。我们观察到脑脊液中PSAP浓度升高，血清和脑脊液中PGRN浓度升高。在额叶皮层，抗sort1和抗lrp1免疫染色显示研究组的反应普遍均匀。分子和细胞证据表明，溶酶体运输中断是致死性脑外伤的核心因素。SORT1和LRP1的再分配，以及csf特异性PSAP的升高和全身PGRN的增加，支持神经元溶酶体应激、受体运输破坏和全身溶酶体蛋白释放交织在一起的模型。PSAP、PGRN、SORT1和LRP1检测的潜在应用为TBI诊断和发病机制的研究提供了一种新的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Accuracy of ray pinning compared to model-based image matching for forensic investigations 射线钉钉与基于模型的图像匹配在法医调查中的准确性比较

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112830

Geoffrey T. Desmoulin , Szymon Claridad , Marc-André Nolette , Theodore E. Milner

Forensic investigations often require accurate placement of objects or persons in an incident scene in order to establish the most likely scenario of how events transpired. This can be accomplished through ray pinning, a technique in which control points on a model of an object of interest and a 2D image of the incident scene are correlated to optimally match the location of the object in 3D space to its location in the 2D image. Alternatively, a technique referred to as model-based image matching (MBIM) relies on the acuity of an operator's vision to manually manipulate the location of the model until the operator judges that the model of the object is overlaid as accurately as possible on the 2D image of the object, as represented in the 3D space. The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of ray pinning to MBIM in positioning an object using 2D images from video frames. A simulated scene, in which a Blueguns rifle had been placed on the ground, was captured in videos taken by three stationary cameras placed in different locations. The position and orientation errors for the rifle placement was calculated for ray pinning and MBIM. Both techniques employed a 3D scan of the scene used to calibrate the cameras. The results of statistical analysis showed that MBIM was significantly more accurate in positioning the rifle than ray pinning, although the two techniques were equally accurate in orienting the rifle.

法医调查通常需要在事件现场准确地放置物体或人员，以便建立事件发生的最可能的场景。这可以通过射线钉定来实现，这是一种技术，其中感兴趣的物体模型上的控制点和事件场景的2D图像相关联，以最佳地匹配物体在3D空间中的位置与其在2D图像中的位置。另外，一种称为基于模型的图像匹配（MBIM）的技术依赖于操作员的视觉灵敏度来手动操作模型的位置，直到操作员判断物体的模型尽可能准确地覆盖在物体的2D图像上，如在3D空间中表示的那样。本研究的目的是比较射线固定和MBIM在使用视频帧的二维图像定位物体时的准确性。在一个模拟的场景中，一支蓝枪步枪被放置在地面上，由放置在不同位置的三个固定摄像机拍摄的视频捕捉到了这一场景。计算了射线钉钉和MBIM的枪机位置和姿态误差。这两种技术都采用了场景的3D扫描来校准相机。统计分析结果显示，MBIM在定位步枪上的准确性明显高于射线钉钉，尽管这两种技术在定位步枪上的准确性是一样的。

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引用次数: 0

Using a pet cemetery as a control study to optimise clandestine burial search in the Nordic region with insights into seasonal variation in vegetation, topography and temperature 利用宠物墓地作为对照研究，优化北欧地区的秘密埋葬搜索，了解植被、地形和温度的季节性变化

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL

Forensic science international

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2026.112827

Taru Mäkinen, Heli Maijanen, Oula Seitsonen

The unique climatic conditions of the Nordic region, particularly the freeze-thaw cycle, present both challenges and opportunities for detecting clandestine burials. By understanding seasonal environmental and vegetational indicators, forensic archaeologists can develop more effective methods for locating burial sites to aid in forensic investigations, archaeological surveys, and humanitarian projects. This pilot study investigates the detection of clandestine burials in a Nordic environment, focusing on a case study of a 50-year-old pet cemetery in Finland. While domestic pets are a poor substitute to human bodies, their burials are very similar to clandestine human burials. The burials are usually small and shallow, and the bodies are often bare or wrapped in cloth or plastic. Pet cemeteries are also often less regulated, in remote locations, and have less visitors, allowing for discreet research. The study site was monitored for changes in ground temperature, vegetation and topography during the thawing period 2021–2024. The aim of the study was to determine whether burials show seasonal variation that would make them easier to detect during a specific season. Ground surface temperature surveys revealed significant differences between burials and undisturbed ground during early spring. Vegetation analysis identified early blooming flowers and specific persistent plants growing over graves as potential indicators of past burials. Topographical changes, including mounds and depressions, were more pronounced during the thawing cycle, aiding in the identification of burials. These findings are valuable, for instance, for detecting clandestine and forgotten graves in historical contexts, such as old cemeteries, mental hospitals, prisons and childrens’ homes.

北欧地区独特的气候条件，特别是冻融循环，为发现秘密埋葬提供了挑战和机会。通过了解季节性环境和植被指标，法医考古学家可以开发更有效的方法来定位墓地，以帮助法医调查、考古调查和人道主义项目。这项试点研究调查了北欧环境中秘密埋葬的检测，重点研究了芬兰一个50年历史的宠物墓地的案例。虽然家养宠物是人类身体的糟糕替代品，但它们的葬礼与秘密的人类葬礼非常相似。墓葬通常又小又浅，尸体通常是裸露的，或者用布或塑料包裹着。宠物墓地也往往监管较少，位于偏远地区，游客较少，因此可以进行谨慎的研究。研究地点监测了2021-2024年融化期间地温、植被和地形的变化。这项研究的目的是确定埋葬是否有季节性变化，以便在特定的季节更容易被发现。地表温度调查显示，早春时掩埋地与未扰动地之间存在显著差异。植被分析发现，早期盛开的花朵和生长在坟墓上的特定持久植物是过去埋葬的潜在指标。地形变化，包括土丘和洼地，在解冻周期中更加明显，有助于识别埋葬。这些发现很有价值，例如，在历史背景下发现秘密和被遗忘的坟墓，如旧墓地、精神病院、监狱和儿童之家。

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引用次数: 0