Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10020357
Syed Zain ul Abdin, M. Waqas, Mumtaz Ahmad
Previous researchers study the presence of anomalies in the stock market but very few studies identify the causes that generate anomalies. This study tests the efficient market hypothesis in the context of prospect theory. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of behavioural factors on different classes of anomalies. Further, the paper investigates the differential effect of prospects components on different classes of anomalies. Data collected from 324 real individual investors of Pakistani Stock Exchange. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesised model using smart PLS 3.0. The results show that mental accounting has a positive significant effect on all anomalies. In short, investors use their own mental account in their decision-making. Loss aversion has a positive significant effect on technical anomalies and regret has a positive significant effect on fundamental anomalies. However, self-control does not have a significant effect on technical and calendar anomalies.
{"title":"A TEST OF MARKET EFFICIENCY USING STOCK MARKET ANOMALIES (A BEHAVIORAL APPROACH).","authors":"Syed Zain ul Abdin, M. Waqas, Mumtaz Ahmad","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10020357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10020357","url":null,"abstract":"Previous researchers study the presence of anomalies in the stock market but very few studies identify the causes that generate anomalies. This study tests the efficient market hypothesis in the context of prospect theory. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of behavioural factors on different classes of anomalies. Further, the paper investigates the differential effect of prospects components on different classes of anomalies. Data collected from 324 real individual investors of Pakistani Stock Exchange. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesised model using smart PLS 3.0. The results show that mental accounting has a positive significant effect on all anomalies. In short, investors use their own mental account in their decision-making. Loss aversion has a positive significant effect on technical anomalies and regret has a positive significant effect on fundamental anomalies. However, self-control does not have a significant effect on technical and calendar anomalies.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10017834
Rania Abdullah, Yahya Saleh
Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is relatively a new concept and research topic in developing countries including Palestine. In this form of commerce, the first impression that users create about an organisation is often based on the organisation's website's trustworthiness. This has motivated many researchers to investigate the factors that influence buyers' trust in such websites. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the potential factors affecting buyers' trust in e-commerce in Palestine. More specifically, the study embraces a multi-dimensional construct of trust (integrity, benevolence, ability) rather than examining each single dimension of trustworthiness individually. In addition, the effect of independent variables including website design attitudes, reliability, privacy and security attitudes, customer satisfaction and governmental factors on e-commerce's trust dimensions have been mathematically investigated. To this end, relevant data from a random sample of 354 Palestinian citizens who have experienced the online shopping, or who have interest in online purchasing, were collected. Statistical analyses revealed significant effects of all independent variables except reliability on buyers' trust in e-commerce in Palestine. Also, four linear regression models relating the independent variables with e-commerce's trust and its three dimensions (integrity, benevolence, ability) have been built and statistically validated.
{"title":"Factors affecting buyers' trust in e-commerce in Palestine","authors":"Rania Abdullah, Yahya Saleh","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10017834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10017834","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is relatively a new concept and research topic in developing countries including Palestine. In this form of commerce, the first impression that users create about an organisation is often based on the organisation's website's trustworthiness. This has motivated many researchers to investigate the factors that influence buyers' trust in such websites. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the potential factors affecting buyers' trust in e-commerce in Palestine. More specifically, the study embraces a multi-dimensional construct of trust (integrity, benevolence, ability) rather than examining each single dimension of trustworthiness individually. In addition, the effect of independent variables including website design attitudes, reliability, privacy and security attitudes, customer satisfaction and governmental factors on e-commerce's trust dimensions have been mathematically investigated. To this end, relevant data from a random sample of 354 Palestinian citizens who have experienced the online shopping, or who have interest in online purchasing, were collected. Statistical analyses revealed significant effects of all independent variables except reliability on buyers' trust in e-commerce in Palestine. Also, four linear regression models relating the independent variables with e-commerce's trust and its three dimensions (integrity, benevolence, ability) have been built and statistically validated.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115240220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-17DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10015961
S. Naz, Cai Li, H. Khan, Muhammad Rafiq
The aim of the study was to explore the impact of emotional intelligence on employee engagement, employee performance. It also investigated the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship of emotional intelligence-employee engagement, and emotional intelligence-employee performance. Data was obtained from 233 employees working in manufacturing sector of the Lahore, Pakistan using convenience sampling through self-administered survey. Theories of ability model of emotional intelligence, affective events theory, and conservation of resources COR theory was underpinned to support proposed research model. Convergent validity of studied variables and relationships were measured through measurement model and structural model of PLS-SEM respectively. The findings revealed that emotional intelligence is significantly and positively associated with employee performance and engagement directly and indirectly through job satisfaction.
{"title":"The impact of emotional intelligence on employee performance and employee engagement: mediating role of job satisfaction","authors":"S. Naz, Cai Li, H. Khan, Muhammad Rafiq","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10015961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10015961","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to explore the impact of emotional intelligence on employee engagement, employee performance. It also investigated the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship of emotional intelligence-employee engagement, and emotional intelligence-employee performance. Data was obtained from 233 employees working in manufacturing sector of the Lahore, Pakistan using convenience sampling through self-administered survey. Theories of ability model of emotional intelligence, affective events theory, and conservation of resources COR theory was underpinned to support proposed research model. Convergent validity of studied variables and relationships were measured through measurement model and structural model of PLS-SEM respectively. The findings revealed that emotional intelligence is significantly and positively associated with employee performance and engagement directly and indirectly through job satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121709399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-11DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021658
Wail Alhakimi, Abdulsalam Ghaleb
This paper aims to identify customer relationship management components (call centre, service centre, and data mining) and their role in influencing customer retention through customer satisfaction in telecom industry. The study used a descriptive analytical method to answer the questions of the study. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The sample consists of 317 Y-Telecoms' subscribers. The study showed that there is an effect of CRM system components in achieving customer retention. Data mining is deemed the highest component of the technological elements in CRM, which contributed in achieving customer retention. However, the call centre is the lowest component, which requires more work and development. Customer satisfaction - the intervening variable - showed no correlation with customer retention. The study recommends the call centre staff to improve their communication skills and focusing on data mining process to make better services for clients and employ them in marketing to target customers individually.
{"title":"The impact of CRM components system on customer retention in the telecom industry: a case of Y-Telecom in Yemen","authors":"Wail Alhakimi, Abdulsalam Ghaleb","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021658","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to identify customer relationship management components (call centre, service centre, and data mining) and their role in influencing customer retention through customer satisfaction in telecom industry. The study used a descriptive analytical method to answer the questions of the study. A questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The sample consists of 317 Y-Telecoms' subscribers. The study showed that there is an effect of CRM system components in achieving customer retention. Data mining is deemed the highest component of the technological elements in CRM, which contributed in achieving customer retention. However, the call centre is the lowest component, which requires more work and development. Customer satisfaction - the intervening variable - showed no correlation with customer retention. The study recommends the call centre staff to improve their communication skills and focusing on data mining process to make better services for clients and employ them in marketing to target customers individually.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127006775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021661
M. S. Nikabadi, Ali Shahrokhnia
The main goal of the paper is to study the effect of innovation culture and knowledge sharing on the new-product development (NPD) process with emphasis on improving new-product development performance. The research has been implemented in software developer or producer companies as well as information technology companies in Tehran, Iran. This study is an applied research in the goal view, and contains qualitative variables; also, it is a descriptive-survey and casual-correlation research in the data-gathering view. The validity of the content of the questionnaire posited in this study was confirmed by academic and industrial experts and constructive validity indices. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability indicators. Findings have shown that appropriate infrastructure for innovation has the most effect on creating an innovation culture; it was also revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between innovation culture and new-product development performance which is made by the mediation of knowledge sharing and NPD process.
{"title":"Multidimensional structure for the effect of innovation culture and knowledge sharing on the new product development process with emphasis on improving new product development performance","authors":"M. S. Nikabadi, Ali Shahrokhnia","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021661","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the paper is to study the effect of innovation culture and knowledge sharing on the new-product development (NPD) process with emphasis on improving new-product development performance. The research has been implemented in software developer or producer companies as well as information technology companies in Tehran, Iran. This study is an applied research in the goal view, and contains qualitative variables; also, it is a descriptive-survey and casual-correlation research in the data-gathering view. The validity of the content of the questionnaire posited in this study was confirmed by academic and industrial experts and constructive validity indices. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability indicators. Findings have shown that appropriate infrastructure for innovation has the most effect on creating an innovation culture; it was also revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between innovation culture and new-product development performance which is made by the mediation of knowledge sharing and NPD process.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125306416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021656
S. Khan, A. Imran, M. Nafees
The aim of this research is to examine the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and mediating effect of teacher's self-efficacy (TSE) and innovative climate (IC). A quantitative research paradigm was employed using a questionnaire survey method; the data was collected from 112 academicians of engineering schools in the universities. Data has been analysed through Pearson correlation and linear regression tests. Results revealed that a positive relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. The ordinary least square (OLS) method results supported the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour via one mediating variable teachers self efficacy, but innovative climate does not mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. The study contributes to the current knowledge regarding transformational leadership (TL) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and mediating effect of teachers self efficacy (TSE) and innovative climate (IC).
{"title":"Influence of transformational leadership on innovative work behaviour, and mediating role of teachers self efficacy and innovative climate: insight from engineering institutions","authors":"S. Khan, A. Imran, M. Nafees","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021656","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to examine the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and mediating effect of teacher's self-efficacy (TSE) and innovative climate (IC). A quantitative research paradigm was employed using a questionnaire survey method; the data was collected from 112 academicians of engineering schools in the universities. Data has been analysed through Pearson correlation and linear regression tests. Results revealed that a positive relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. The ordinary least square (OLS) method results supported the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour via one mediating variable teachers self efficacy, but innovative climate does not mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. The study contributes to the current knowledge regarding transformational leadership (TL) on innovative work behaviour (IWB) and mediating effect of teachers self efficacy (TSE) and innovative climate (IC).","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126714585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021660
Armin Ejlal, M. S. Roodposhti
Advertising plays an important role in the marketing strategy and a considerable amount of budgets has been allocated for advertising every year. However, the proportion of advertisement campaign achievements to those designated for their design, or in other words, its efficiency, is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of the food industry's advertising brands using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The duration of the campaign and budget as input and brand familiarity, attractiveness of implementation and sale were used as an output for the evaluation. The results of the study indicated that there are inefficiencies in this industry, thus in an attempt to improve the situation of the advertising efficiency, some solutions was provided to managers. Also, the most important variables affecting the efficiency of the food industry was identified by sensitivity analysis.
{"title":"Providing a framework for evaluating the advertising efficiency using data envelopment analysis technique","authors":"Armin Ejlal, M. S. Roodposhti","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021660","url":null,"abstract":"Advertising plays an important role in the marketing strategy and a considerable amount of budgets has been allocated for advertising every year. However, the proportion of advertisement campaign achievements to those designated for their design, or in other words, its efficiency, is questionable. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of the food industry's advertising brands using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The duration of the campaign and budget as input and brand familiarity, attractiveness of implementation and sale were used as an output for the evaluation. The results of the study indicated that there are inefficiencies in this industry, thus in an attempt to improve the situation of the advertising efficiency, some solutions was provided to managers. Also, the most important variables affecting the efficiency of the food industry was identified by sensitivity analysis.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128058205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021662
A. Haque, Ammar Abid, Saira Sundas, M. Qamar
This paper investigates the relationship between firm's financing choices, taxation benefits and investment in Pakistani listed firms. We apply the system generalised method of moments regression estimation on a sample of firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period from 2001-2014. Our findings are that there is a positive relationship between leverage and investment accruing from the use of tax shield benefits which also are positively associated with the firm-level investment. Equity is also positively related to investment but the effect of leverage is more pronounced than equity. We also find that the positive relation between leverage and investment is stronger for firms with a medium level of debt, consistent with the trade-off theory argument of the existence of an optimal level of debt. Our results support the hypothesis that firms utilise debt to supplement investment in circumstances where alternate mechanisms of finance are not well developed.
{"title":"Firm-level investment, financing choices and corporate taxation management: evidence from panel of non-financial firms","authors":"A. Haque, Ammar Abid, Saira Sundas, M. Qamar","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021662","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between firm's financing choices, taxation benefits and investment in Pakistani listed firms. We apply the system generalised method of moments regression estimation on a sample of firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange during the period from 2001-2014. Our findings are that there is a positive relationship between leverage and investment accruing from the use of tax shield benefits which also are positively associated with the firm-level investment. Equity is also positively related to investment but the effect of leverage is more pronounced than equity. We also find that the positive relation between leverage and investment is stronger for firms with a medium level of debt, consistent with the trade-off theory argument of the existence of an optimal level of debt. Our results support the hypothesis that firms utilise debt to supplement investment in circumstances where alternate mechanisms of finance are not well developed.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114961582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10014477
Özgür Kökalan, Ümit Şevi̇k
This study aims to determine the moderator role of the organisational justice and the ethical climate perceived by employees on job satisfaction, intention on ceasing the employment, and performance levels. In the light of this aim, questionnaires were used by using the convenience sampling method with 347 employees in Istanbul and Afyonkarahisar. The performance levels of 347 employees were evaluated by their administrators. The results of the questionnaires and the performance evaluation were analysed and interpreted by using descriptive analyses and regression analyses. According to the results obtained in the analyses, the perceived organisational justice was high when the job satisfaction, and performance levels were high when the perceived ethical climate was high; however, there were no significant relations between the turnover intention. It was determined that the perceived ethical climate had a moderator effect only in the relation between the perceived organisational justice, job satisfaction and performance.
{"title":"The Effects of Perceived Organizational Justice And Ethical Climate on Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intention, and Job Performance","authors":"Özgür Kökalan, Ümit Şevi̇k","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10014477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10014477","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the moderator role of the organisational justice and the ethical climate perceived by employees on job satisfaction, intention on ceasing the employment, and performance levels. In the light of this aim, questionnaires were used by using the convenience sampling method with 347 employees in Istanbul and Afyonkarahisar. The performance levels of 347 employees were evaluated by their administrators. The results of the questionnaires and the performance evaluation were analysed and interpreted by using descriptive analyses and regression analyses. According to the results obtained in the analyses, the perceived organisational justice was high when the job satisfaction, and performance levels were high when the perceived ethical climate was high; however, there were no significant relations between the turnover intention. It was determined that the perceived ethical climate had a moderator effect only in the relation between the perceived organisational justice, job satisfaction and performance.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130042680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021659
I. Y. Al-Filali, A. Attia, A. Husseiny, A. Alhamadi
The uncertainty and volatility of oil prices and the rise of political uncertainty in the Middle East Region have shifted the ground beneath the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies in recent years. The traditional planning methods are strategically blind and inherently short sighted when used by firms under uncertainty. This study provides concepts, analytic tools, and examples of the four levels of uncertainty. The study draws a parallel between the uncertainty in chess game and business and tailored chess principles, processes, strategies and tactics to be used by businesses under uncertainty situations. This study contributes to current knowledge of using chess as metaphor to describe business, finding a connection to the dynamics of chess given the use of its principles, strategy and tactics.
{"title":"Planning under uncertainty using chess principles, strategies and tactics","authors":"I. Y. Al-Filali, A. Attia, A. Husseiny, A. Alhamadi","doi":"10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/MEJM.2019.10021659","url":null,"abstract":"The uncertainty and volatility of oil prices and the rise of political uncertainty in the Middle East Region have shifted the ground beneath the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) economies in recent years. The traditional planning methods are strategically blind and inherently short sighted when used by firms under uncertainty. This study provides concepts, analytic tools, and examples of the four levels of uncertainty. The study draws a parallel between the uncertainty in chess game and business and tailored chess principles, processes, strategies and tactics to be used by businesses under uncertainty situations. This study contributes to current knowledge of using chess as metaphor to describe business, finding a connection to the dynamics of chess given the use of its principles, strategy and tactics.","PeriodicalId":123919,"journal":{"name":"Middle East J. of Management","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133132858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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