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Unveiling risks in healthy food: Vegetables and fruits are linked to the distribution chain of protozoan parasites 揭开健康食品的风险:蔬菜和水果与原生动物寄生虫的分布链有关
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104592
Aida Vafae Eslahi , Simuzer Mamedova , Reghaissia Nassiba , Panagiotis Karanis

Vegetable and fruit contamination is recognized as a significant parasite transmission route. This review presents the current state of vegetables ad fruits contamination with food-borne parasitic protozoa worldwide. We consider the methodologies and strategies for detecting parasitic stages developed in the last decade and the contamination data. Asia had the highest number of reports (94 studies), followed by Africa (74 studies). At the country level, with 41 studies, Iran had the most reports among other countries, followed by Nigeria (28 studies). According to the studies included in the current review, 41.22% of vegetables and fruits were contaminated with different species of protozoan parasites. Among different continents, Asia accounted for the highest contamination rate of protozoan parasites (57.12%). Giardia spp. (10%) had the highest contamination rate in vegetables and fruits, followed by Entamoeba coli (8%), E. histolytica/dispar (7%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (6%). This study provides essential data for health authorities to develop food safety programs. The presence of protozoan parasites in fruits and vegetables highlights the critical need for maintaining rigorous food safety measures across the entire production and distribution process, particularly in countries that are major producers and distributors of these food items.

蔬菜和水果污染是公认的重要寄生虫传播途径。本综述介绍了全球蔬菜和水果受食源性寄生原虫污染的现状。我们考虑了过去十年中开发的检测寄生虫阶段的方法和策略以及污染数据。亚洲的报告数量最多(94 项研究),其次是非洲(74 项研究)。在国家层面,伊朗有 41 项研究,在其他国家中报告最多,其次是尼日利亚(28 项研究)。根据本综述所包含的研究,41.22%的蔬菜和水果受到不同种类原生动物寄生虫的污染。在各大洲中,亚洲的原生动物寄生虫污染率最高(57.12%)。贾第虫(10%)在蔬菜和水果中的污染率最高,其次是大肠恩塔米巴氏菌(8%)、组织溶解性大肠杆菌/双球菌(7%)和隐孢子虫(6%)。这项研究为卫生部门制定食品安全计划提供了重要数据。水果和蔬菜中原生动物寄生虫的存在凸显了在整个生产和销售过程中保持严格的食品安全措施的重要性,尤其是在这些食品的主要生产国和销售国。
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引用次数: 0
The attachment factors and attachment receptors of human noroviruses 人类诺如病毒的附着因子和附着受体
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104591
Xiangjun Zhan , Qianqian Li , Peng Tian , Dapeng Wang

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading etiological agent causing the worldwide outbreaks of acute epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are commonly acknowledged as cellular receptors or co-receptors for HuNoVs. However, certain genotypes of HuNoVs cannot bind with any HBGAs, suggesting potential additional co-factors and attachment receptors have not been identified yet. In addition, food items, such as oysters and lettuce, play an important role in the transmission of HuNoVs. In the past decade, a couple of attachment factors other than HBGAs have been identified and analyzed from foods and microbiomes. Attachment factors exhibit potential as inhibitors of viral binding to receptors on host cells. Therefore, it is imperative to further characterize the attachment factors for HuNoVs present in foods to effectively control the spread of HuNoVs within the food chain. This review summarizes the potential attachment factors/receptors of HuNoVs in humans, foods, and microbiome.

人类诺如病毒(HuNoVs)是导致全球爆发急性流行性非细菌性胃肠炎的主要病原体。组织血型抗原(HBGAs)通常被认为是 HuNoVs 的细胞受体或共受体。然而,某些基因型的 HuNoVs 无法与任何 HBGAs 结合,这表明尚未发现潜在的其他辅助因子和附着受体。此外,牡蛎和莴苣等食物在 HuNoV 传播过程中也发挥了重要作用。过去十年中,从食物和微生物组中发现并分析了几种除 HBGAs 之外的附着因子。附着因子具有抑制病毒与宿主细胞受体结合的潜力。因此,当务之急是进一步确定食品中 HuNoVs 附着因子的特性,以有效控制 HuNoVs 在食物链中的传播。本综述总结了人类、食物和微生物组中 HuNoVs 的潜在附着因子/受体。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of harvesting season and location on the microbial quality and community composition of the edible sea urchin (Echinus esculentus) gonads 收获季节和地点对食用海胆生殖腺微生物质量和群落组成的影响
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104594
Dionysios Tsoukalas, Imen Hamed, Sunniva Hoel, Jørgen Lerfall, Anita Nordeng Jakobsen

Despite the crucial role of microbial community composition in the quality and stability of seafood, little emphasis has been given to the microbiota profile of sea urchin gonads. This study investigates the microbial quality and community composition of sea urchin gonads (Echinus esculentus) as a function of harvesting season (autumn, winter, spring, and summer) and location (one site proximal to urban activity areas while the other is located in open water close to the coastline). Significant season-dependent variations were found in psychrotrophic and aerobic plate counts, with higher counts in summer, followed by autumn, spring, and winter. H2S-producing bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. counts were unaffected by harvesting season or location. Sea urchin gonad microbial composition proved resilient and dynamic, primarily shaped by seasonal variations, and minimally influenced by location. Winter and spring samples exhibited higher diversity than autumn and summer. Key genera like Pseudomonas, Psychromonas, Vibrio, Chryseobacterium, Shewanella, and Photobacterium varied seasonally. Pseudomonas, Vibrio, and Photobacterium are crucial in assessing microbial quality and safety due to their roles as specific spoilage organisms (SSOs) and, in some cases, human pathogens. Though relative abundances differed slightly between locations, harvesting location did not notably impact microbial community shaping in gonads. However, the results suggest that harvesting locations near areas with urban activity may lead to contamination with specific bacterial species, possibly due to water quality variations. These findings emphasize the importance of considering seasonality when evaluating sea urchin gonad microbial quality. Identifying key genera enhances insights into potential SSOs and human pathogens, enhancing food safety considerations in the consumption of raw or lightly processed sea urchin gonads and guiding the development of preservation methods to extend shelf life.

尽管微生物群落组成对海产品的质量和稳定性起着至关重要的作用,但人们很少关注海胆生殖腺的微生物群谱。本研究调查了海胆生殖腺(Echinus esculentus)的微生物质量和群落组成与收获季节(秋季、冬季、春季和夏季)和地点(一个地点靠近城市活动区,另一个地点位于靠近海岸线的开阔水域)的关系。在精神营养和需氧平板计数方面发现了显著的季节性变化,夏季计数较高,其次是秋季、春季和冬季。产 H2S 细菌和假单胞菌计数不受收获季节或地点的影响。海胆生殖腺微生物组成具有弹性和动态性,主要受季节变化的影响,受地点的影响很小。冬季和春季样本的多样性高于秋季和夏季样本。假单胞菌属、精神单胞菌属、弧菌属、奇异变形杆菌属、雪旺菌属和光杆菌属等关键菌属在季节上存在差异。假单胞菌、弧菌和光杆菌是评估微生物质量和安全的关键,因为它们是特定的腐败微生物(SSO),在某些情况下还是人类病原体。虽然不同地点的相对丰度略有不同,但采收地点对性腺中微生物群落的形成并无明显影响。不过,研究结果表明,可能由于水质的变化,靠近城市活动区的采收地点可能会导致特定细菌物种的污染。这些发现强调了在评估海胆性腺微生物质量时考虑季节性的重要性。确定关键菌属有助于深入了解潜在的 SSO 和人类病原体,加强对食用生海胆或轻度加工海胆生殖腺的食品安全考虑,并指导开发延长保质期的保存方法。
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引用次数: 0
Which domestic refrigerator temperatures in Europe? - Focus on shelf-life studies regarding Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods 欧洲家用冰箱的温度是多少?- 关注有关即食食品中李斯特菌(Lm)的货架期研究
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104595
Ludivine Bonanno, Hélène Bergis, Nathalie Gnanou-Besse, Adrien Asséré, Corinne Danan

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a pathogenic bacteria able to grow at refrigerated temperatures, widely distributed in the environment. This bacteria is susceptible to contaminate various food products of which refrigerated ready-to-eat foods (RTEF) may pose a risk for public health. In Europe, food business operators (FBOs) shall ensure that foodstuffs comply with the relevant microbiological criteria set out in the Regulation (EC) N°2073/2005. Food safety criteria for Lm are defined in RTEF throughout their shelf-life. FBOs should implement studies to demonstrate that the concentration of Lm does not exceed 100 CFU/g at the end of the shelf-life, taking into account foreseeable conditions of distributions, storage and use, including the use by consumers. However, this last part of the cold chain for food products is the most difficult to capture and control.

For this purpose, the European Union Reference Laboratory for Lm (EURL Lm) launched an inquiry to its National Reference Laboratory network and reviewed the scientific literature from 2002 to 2020. The outcomes were integrated in the technical guidance document of the EURL Lm to assess shelf-life of RTEF which resulted in the recommendation to use 10 °C as the reference temperature to simulate the reasonably foreseen storage conditions in domestic refrigerators.

单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Lm)是一种能在冷藏温度下生长的致病细菌,广泛分布于环境中。这种细菌容易污染各种食品,其中冷藏即食食品(RTEF)可能对公众健康构成风险。在欧洲,食品经营者(FBOs)应确保食品符合(EC)N°2073/2005 号法规规定的相关微生物标准。在整个保质期内,RTEF 中规定了 Lm 的食品安全标准。食品安全组织应开展研究,以证明在保质期结束时,考虑到可预见的配送、储存和使用条件,包括消费者的使用条件,Lm 的浓度不超过 100 CFU/g。为此,欧盟 Lm 参考实验室(EURL Lm)向其国家参考实验室网络发起了一项调查,并审查了 2002 年至 2020 年的科学文献。研究结果已纳入欧盟食品安全参考实验室的技术指导文件,用于评估 RTEF 的保质期,最终建议使用 10 °C 作为参考温度,以模拟家用冰箱中可合理预见的储存条件。
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引用次数: 0
Bioactivities evaluation of an endophytic bacterial strain Bacillus tequilensis QNF2 inhibiting apple ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea on postharvest apple fruits 内生细菌菌株芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis QNF2)抑制采后苹果果实上由多蒂腐霉菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)引起的苹果环腐病的生物活性评估
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104590
Yonghong Huang , Jinghui Li , Xiaoying Shan , Hanting Wang , Yanxin Duan

Apple ring rot, one of the most common apple postharvest diseases during storage, is caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. Presently, the disease management is primarily dependent on chemical fungicide application. Here we demonstrated an endophyte bacterium Bacillus tequilensis QNF2, isolated from Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum) roots considerably suppressed B. dothidea mycelial growth, with the highest suppression of 73.56 % and 99.5 % in the PDA and PDB medium, respectively in vitro confront experiments. In in vivo experiments, B. tequilensis QNF2 exhibited a control efficacy of 88.52 % and 100 % on ring rot disease on postharvest apple fruits inoculated with B. dothidea disc and dipped into B. dothidea culture, respectively. In addition, B. tequilensis QNF2 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also manifested markedly inhibition against B. dothidea mycelial growth and the ring rot on postharvest apple fruits. Moreover, B. tequilensis QNF2 severely damaged the mycelial morphology of B. dothidea. Finally, B. tequilensis QNF2 significantly repressed the expression of six pathogenicity-related genes, such as adh, aldh, aldh3, galm, pdc1, pdc2, involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis of B. dothidea. The findings of the study proved that B. tequilensis QNF2 was a promising alternative for controlling apple ring rot of postharvest apple fruit.

苹果环腐病是苹果贮藏过程中最常见的采后病害之一,由 Botryosphaeria dothidea 引起。目前,病害的防治主要依赖于化学杀菌剂的施用。在此,我们证明了一种从中国韭菜(Allium tuberosum)根中分离出来的内生细菌 Bacillus tequilensis QNF2 能显著抑制 B. dothidea 菌丝的生长,在 PDA 和 PDB 培养基的体外对抗实验中,最高抑制率分别为 73.56 % 和 99.5 %。在体内实验中,B. tequilensis QNF2 对接种了 B. dothidea 菌盘和浸入 B. dothidea 培养液的采后苹果果实上的环腐病的防治效果分别为 88.52 % 和 100 %。此外,B. tequilensis QNF2 挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)也对多蒂德氏菌菌丝生长和采后苹果果实上的环腐病有明显的抑制作用。此外,B. tequilensis QNF2 还严重破坏了 B. dothidea 的菌丝形态。最后,B. tequilensis QNF2 显著抑制了 6 个与致病性相关的基因的表达,如 adh、aldh、aldh3、galm、pdc1、pdc2,这些基因参与了 B. dothidea 的糖酵解/葡萄糖生成。研究结果证明,B. tequilensis QNF2 是控制采后苹果果实苹果环腐病的一种有前途的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous inoculation of non-Saccharomyces yeast and lactic acid bacteria for aromatic kiwifruit wine production 同时接种非酵母菌和乳酸菌生产芳香猕猴桃酒
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104589
Wangsheng Sun, Sinuo Feng, Pengfei Bi, Jia Han, Shiqi Li, Xu Liu, Zhe Zhang, Fangyu Long, Jing Guo

To further explore strain potential and develop an aromatic kiwifruit wine fermentation technique, the feasibility of simultaneous inoculation by non-Saccharomyces yeast and lactic acid bacteria was investigated. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum, which have robust β-glucosidase activity as well as good acid and ethanol tolerance, were inoculated for simultaneous fermentation with Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Meyerozyma guilliermondii, respectively. Subsequently, the chemical compositions and sensory characteristics of the wines were comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the majority of the simultaneous protocols effectively improved the quality of kiwifruit wines, increasing the content of polyphenols and volatile compounds, thereby enhancing sensory acceptability compared to the fermentation protocols inoculated with non-Saccharomyces yeast individually. Particularly, the collaboration between Lacp. plantarum and Z. rouxii significantly increased the diversity and content of esters, alcohols, and ketones, intensifying floral and seeded fruit odors, and achieving the highest overall acceptability. This study highlights the potential significance of simultaneous inoculation in kiwifruit wine production.

为了进一步探索菌种潜力和开发芳香猕猴桃酒发酵技术,研究了同时接种非酵母菌和乳酸菌的可行性。将β-葡萄糖苷酶活性强、耐酸性和耐乙醇性好的副酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌分别接种到猕猴桃酵母(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)和猕猴桃酿酒酵母(Meyerozyma guilliermondii)中同时发酵。随后,对葡萄酒的化学成分和感官特征进行了综合评价。结果表明,与单独接种非酵母菌的发酵方案相比,大多数同时发酵方案能有效改善猕猴桃酒的质量,增加多酚和挥发性化合物的含量,从而提高感官接受度。特别是,Lacp.plantarum 和 Z. rouxii 的合作显著增加了酯类、醇类和酮类的多样性和含量,强化了花香和种子果香,并获得了最高的总体可接受性。这项研究强调了在猕猴桃葡萄酒生产中同时接种的潜在意义。
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引用次数: 0
Superhydrophobic coatings reduce human bacterial foodborne pathogen attachment to woods used in fresh produce harvest and postharvest packing 超疏水涂层可减少人类细菌食源性病原体附着在用于新鲜农产品收获和收获后包装的木材上
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104586
Zachariah Vice , William de Florio , Joseph Masabni , Luis Cisneros-Zevallos , Alejandro Castillo , Chris R. Kerth , Mustafa Akbulut , Thomas M. Taylor

Wood is reportedly more difficult to maintain in hygienic condition versus other food contact materials, yet its use in produce packing and retail warrants efforts to reduce the risk of microbial pathogen contamination and attachment. This study characterized antifouling capabilities of fluorinated silanes applied to wood used in fresh edible produce handling to render the wood superhydrophobic and less supportive of bacterial pathogen attachment. Pine and oak cubic coupon surfaces were treated with 1% (w/w) silane or left untreated. Treated and untreated coupons were inoculated with Salmonella enterica or Listeria monocytogenes and held to facilitate pathogen attachment for 1, 4, or 8 h. Silane treatment of wood produced significant reductions in the proportions of strongly attaching cells for both pathogens versus loosely attaching cells (P < 0.01). Salmonella attachment demonstrated a dependency on wood treatment; silane-treated wood supported a lower fraction of strongly adhering cells (1.87 ± 1.24 log CFU/cm2) versus untreated wood (3.72 ± 0.67 log CFU/cm2). L. monocytogenes demonstrated significant declines in strongly attaching cells during extended exposure to silane-treated wood, from 7.59 ± 0.14 to 5.27 ± 0.68 log CFU/cm2 over 8 h post-inoculation. Microscopic analysis demonstrated silane treatment increased the surface roughness of both woods, leading to superhydrophobic conditions on wood surfaces, consequently decreasing strong attachment of pathogenic bacteria.

据报道,与其他食品接触材料相比,木材更难保持卫生状态,但在农产品包装和零售中使用木材却需要努力降低微生物病原体污染和附着的风险。本研究对应用于新鲜食用农产品处理的木材的氟化硅烷的防污能力进行了鉴定,使木材具有超疏水性,减少细菌病原体的附着。松木和橡木立方体试样表面用 1%(重量比)硅烷处理或不处理。对木材进行硅烷处理后,两种病原体的强附着细胞与松散附着细胞的比例均显著下降(P <0.01)。沙门氏菌的附着与木材处理有关;经硅烷处理的木材与未处理的木材(3.72 ± 0.67 log CFU/cm2)相比,强附着细胞的比例较低(1.87 ± 1.24 log CFU/cm2)。经硅烷处理的木材在长时间暴露后,单核细胞增多症杆菌的强附着细胞显著减少,接种后 8 小时内从 7.59 ± 0.14 降至 5.27 ± 0.68 log CFU/cm2。显微分析表明,硅烷处理增加了两种木材的表面粗糙度,导致木材表面出现超疏水性,从而减少了病原菌的强烈附着。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Hanseniaspora vineae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-fermentations on aroma compound production in beer 葡萄汉森氏菌和酿酒酵母共同发酵对啤酒中香味化合物产量的影响
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104585
Jose Aguiar-Cervera , Federico Visinoni , Penghan Zhang , Katherine Hollywood , Urska Vrhovsek , Oliver Severn , Daniela Delneri

In recent years, the boom of the craft beer industry refocused the biotech interest from ethanol production to diversification of beer aroma profiles. This study analyses the fermentative phenotype of a collection of non-conventional yeasts and examines their role in creating new flavours, particularly through co-fermentation with industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae. High-throughput solid and liquid media fitness screening compared the ability of eight Saccharomyces and four non-Saccharomyces yeast strains to grow in wort. We determined the volatile profile of these yeast strains and found that Hanseniaspora vineae displayed a particularly high production of the desirable aroma compounds ethyl acetate and 2-phenethyl acetate. Given that H. vineae on its own can't ferment maltose and maltotriose, we carried out mixed wort co-fermentations with a S. cerevisiae brewing strain at different ratios. The two yeast strains were able to co-exist throughout the experiment, regardless of their initial inoculum, and the increase in the production of the esters observed in the H. vineae monoculture was maintained, alongside with a high ethanol production. Moreover, different inoculum ratios yielded different aroma profiles: the 50/50 S. cerevisiae/H. vineae ratio produced a more balanced profile, while the 10/90 ratio generated stronger floral aromas. Our findings show the potential of using different yeasts and different inoculum combinations to tailor the final aroma, thus offering new possibilities for a broader range of beer flavours and styles.

近年来,精酿啤酒行业的蓬勃发展使生物技术的研究重点从乙醇生产转向啤酒香味的多样化。本研究分析了一系列非常规酵母的发酵表型,并研究了它们在创造新口味方面的作用,特别是通过与工业酵母共同发酵。高通量固体和液体培养基适性筛选比较了八种酵母菌和四种非酵母菌在麦汁中的生长能力。我们测定了这些酵母菌株的挥发性特征,发现葡萄汉逊酵母菌(Hanseniaspora vineae)能产生特别多的理想芳香化合物乙酸乙酯和乙酸 2-苯乙酯。鉴于醋酸汉逊酵母本身不能发酵麦芽糖和麦芽三糖,我们以不同的比例与酿酒葡萄孢菌株进行了混合麦汁共发酵。在整个实验过程中,无论初始接种量如何,这两种酵母菌株都能共存,而且在葡萄醋酸纤维单培养基中观察到的酯类生产的增加与乙醇的高产量都得以保持。此外,不同的接种物比例产生了不同的香气:50/50 的 S. cerevisiae/H. vineae 比例产生了更均衡的香气,而 10/90 的比例则产生了更浓郁的花香。我们的研究结果表明,使用不同的酵母和不同的接种物组合可以定制最终的香气,从而为更广泛的啤酒风味和风格提供新的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Unraveling the antifungal and anti-aflatoxin B1 mechanisms of piperitone on Aspergillus flavus 揭示哌啶酮对黄曲霉的抗真菌和抗黄曲霉毒素 B1 的作用机制
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104588
Shan Wei , Qianru Xu , Shan Pei , Yangyong Lv , Yang Lei , Shuaibing Zhang , Huanchen zhai , Yuansen Hu

Aspergillus flavus infects important crops and produces carcinogenic aflatoxins, posing a serious threat to food safety and human health. Biochemical analysis and RNA-seq were performed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of piperitone on A. flavus growth and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis. Piperitone significantly inhibited the growth of A. flavus, AFB1 production, and its pathogenicity on peanuts and corn flour. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the synthesis of chitin, glucan, and ergosterol were markedly down-regulated, and the ergosterol content was reduced, resulting in a disruption in the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane. Moreover, antioxidant genes were down-regulated, the correspondingly activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were reduced, and levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide were increased, leading to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accompanied by ROS accumulation, DNA fragmentation and cell autophagy were observed, and 16 aflatoxin cluster genes were down-regulated. Overall, piperitone disrupts the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane, triggers the accumulation of ROS, causes DNA fragmentation and cell autophagy, ultimately leading to defective growth and impaired AFB1 biosynthesis.

黄曲霉感染重要农作物并产生致癌的黄曲霉毒素,对食品安全和人类健康构成严重威胁。为了研究胡椒酮对黄曲霉生长和黄曲霉毒素 B1 生物合成的影响和机制,我们进行了生化分析和 RNA-seq 研究。胡椒酮能明显抑制黄曲霉的生长、AFB1的产生及其在花生和玉米粉上的致病性。与几丁质、葡聚糖和麦角固醇合成相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)明显下调,麦角固醇含量减少,导致细胞壁和细胞膜的完整性受到破坏。此外,抗氧化基因下调,过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化酶的活性相应降低,超氧阴离子和过氧化氢水平升高,导致活性氧(ROS)爆发。伴随着 ROS 的积累,观察到 DNA 断裂和细胞自噬,16 个黄曲霉毒素簇基因下调。总之,胡椒酮会破坏细胞壁和细胞膜的完整性,引发 ROS 积累,导致 DNA 断裂和细胞自噬,最终导致生长缺陷和 AFB1 生物合成受损。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of composition and molecular characterization of mycobiota occurring on surface of cheese ripened in Dossena's mine 多塞纳矿区成熟奶酪表面霉菌群的组成和分子特征分析
IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104587
Pamela Anelli , Chiara Dall’Asta , Giuseppe Cozzi , Filomena Epifani , Daria Carella , Davide Scarpetta , Milena Brasca , Antonio Moretti , Antonia Susca

Accurate identification of the fungal community spontaneously colonizing food products, aged in natural and not controlled environments, provides information about potential mycotoxin risk associated with its consumption.

Autochthonous mycobiota colonizing cheese aging in Dossena mines, was investigated and characterized by two approaches: microbial isolations and metabarcoding. Microbial isolations and metabarcoding analysis were conducted on cheese samples, obtained by four batches, produced in four different seasons of the year, aged for 90 and 180 days, by five dairy farms. The two approaches, with different taxonomical resolution power, highlighted Penicillium biforme among filamentous fungi, collected from 58 out of 68 cheeses, and Debaryomyces hansenii among yeasts, as the most abundant species (31 ÷ 65%), none representing a health risk for human cheese consumption. Shannon index showed that the richness of mycobiota increases after 180 days of maturation. Beta diversity analysis highlighted significant differences in composition of mycobiota of cheese produced by different dairy farms and aged for different durations. Weak negative growth interaction between P. biforme and Aspergillus westerdijkiae by in vitro analysis was observed leading to hypothesize that a reciprocal control is possible, also affected by natural environmental conditions, possibly disadvantageous for the last species.

通过微生物分离和代谢编码这两种方法,对多塞纳矿区奶酪陈化过程中自发定殖的真菌群落进行了调查和定性。微生物分离和代谢编码分析是在五个奶牛场一年中四个不同季节生产的四批奶酪样品上进行的,这些样品分别经过了 90 天和 180 天的陈化。这两种方法具有不同的分类分辨率,突出显示了从 68 种奶酪中的 58 种收集到的丝状真菌中的双歧青霉和酵母菌中的汉森德巴里酵母菌是最丰富的物种(31 ÷ 65%),它们都不会对人类食用奶酪造成健康风险。香农指数显示,奶酪成熟 180 天后,霉菌群的丰富度会增加。Beta 多样性分析表明,不同奶牛场生产的、陈化时间不同的奶酪中霉菌生物群的组成存在显著差异。通过体外分析,观察到双孢蘑菇和西地那非曲霉之间存在微弱的负生长相互作用,从而推测两者之间可能存在相互控制,也会受到自然环境条件的影响,可能对最后一个物种不利。
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引用次数: 0
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Food microbiology
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