Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/15
Nataliya Vasilieva, Svetlana Sofronova, Valentin Barinov, A. Taynik, Tatyana Trushkina, Olga Churakova
Tree-ring width and stable isotopes (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) in tree-ring cellulose are widely used to reconstruct environmental conditions. The application of models capable to describe a variation of stable isotopes in annual tree rings can be a powerful tool for interpretation of environmental changes at the eco-physiological level. In this paper, we modelled carbon (delta13C), oxygen (delta18O), and hydrogen (delta2H) variations at the tree-ring level and compared results with measured data, obtained from the Mackenzie Delta River (68°30′ N, 133°48′ W) for the common period from 1901 to 2009. Using a process-based model (LPX), we were able to simulate carbon isotope values, which significantly (r = 0.29; p = 0.002) correlate with measured carbon isotope values. The model calculations for oxygen and hydrogen require further modifications and improvements, in particular the inclusion of the source of water used by the trees in the Canadian subarctic, as well as delta18O and delta2H in the water.
{"title":"Application of process-based modelling for interpretation of stable isotope variations in tree rings","authors":"Nataliya Vasilieva, Svetlana Sofronova, Valentin Barinov, A. Taynik, Tatyana Trushkina, Olga Churakova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/15","url":null,"abstract":"Tree-ring width and stable isotopes (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) in tree-ring cellulose are widely used to reconstruct environmental conditions. The application of models capable to describe a variation of stable isotopes in annual tree rings can be a powerful tool for interpretation of environmental changes at the eco-physiological level. In this paper, we modelled carbon (delta13C), oxygen (delta18O), and hydrogen (delta2H) variations at the tree-ring level and compared results with measured data, obtained from the Mackenzie Delta River (68°30′ N, 133°48′ W) for the common period from 1901 to 2009. Using a process-based model (LPX), we were able to simulate carbon isotope values, which significantly (r = 0.29; p = 0.002) correlate with measured carbon isotope values. The model calculations for oxygen and hydrogen require further modifications and improvements, in particular the inclusion of the source of water used by the trees in the Canadian subarctic, as well as delta18O and delta2H in the water.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2
A. Tyurin, Alexander Samodurov, D. Golovin, M. Yunak, Viktor Korenkov, Petr Baranchikov, Vladimir Tyurin, Natalia Kurkina
Optical methods and optical properties are usually used to research the structure of wood and its ring structure. However, these properties are not directly related to its mechanical and other physical characteristics. To study them, methods of x-ray densitometry, synchrotron radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., which are not very common in wood science, are used. These methods are quite labor-intensive and require expensive equipment. In this regard, there is a need to develop simple and convenient means and methods for studying the micromechanical properties of wood. The main goal of the work is to develop such an approach using nanoindentation and digital scratching of a cross section of wood and to identify its potential in the further development of dendrochronology and related disciplines. Using the NI method, radial dependences of hardness H and Young's modulus E were obtained for eleven consecutive annual pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) wood rings for 3 different loads Pmax = 2, 100 and 500 mN. The values of H in the range from 70 to 340 MPa and Young's modulus E in the range from 2 to 10 GPa were determined for the corresponding loads and early (EW) and late wood (LW). Using the scratch test method, profiles of the normal force Fn and the corresponding hardness HS (in the range from 53 to 225 MPa) were obtained for the period 2007-2020. According to both methods, the widths of annual rings were determined; the discrepancy between the values and the optical method was < 3 %.
{"title":"Study of the structure and mechanical properties of annual rings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) using nanoindentation and scratch test methods","authors":"A. Tyurin, Alexander Samodurov, D. Golovin, M. Yunak, Viktor Korenkov, Petr Baranchikov, Vladimir Tyurin, Natalia Kurkina","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical methods and optical properties are usually used to research the structure of wood and its ring structure. However, these properties are not directly related to its mechanical and other physical characteristics. To study them, methods of x-ray densitometry, synchrotron radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., which are not very common in wood science, are used. These methods are quite labor-intensive and require expensive equipment. In this regard, there is a need to develop simple and convenient means and methods for studying the micromechanical properties of wood. The main goal of the work is to develop such an approach using nanoindentation and digital scratching of a cross section of wood and to identify its potential in the further development of dendrochronology and related disciplines. Using the NI method, radial dependences of hardness H and Young's modulus E were obtained for eleven consecutive annual pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) wood rings for 3 different loads Pmax = 2, 100 and 500 mN. The values of H in the range from 70 to 340 MPa and Young's modulus E in the range from 2 to 10 GPa were determined for the corresponding loads and early (EW) and late wood (LW). Using the scratch test method, profiles of the normal force Fn and the corresponding hardness HS (in the range from 53 to 225 MPa) were obtained for the period 2007-2020. According to both methods, the widths of annual rings were determined; the discrepancy between the values and the optical method was < 3 %.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/4
M. Mihaylova, M. Chernyshov, Siarhei U. Rabko
The basis for adjusting the previously established boundaries of forest seed areas for forest-forming species are the results of studying the condition, growth intensity and productivity of their offspring in the form of forest geographical crops, which were created in the 60-70s of the XX century in different regions of the USSR. The best geoecotypes are identified by comparing the morphometric parameters achieved by the test geographical offspring by the age of “ripening”, or on the basis of multifactor analysis with their comprehensive assessment based on a set of criteria. In 2018-2021 In order to identify and select the best geoecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), moved to the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh region), based on their potential economic suitability for sustainable forest reproduction in the European part of the Russian Federation, comprehensive studies were carried out in 59-61-year-old tree stands that are seed trees offspring of different forest-steppe and steppe geoecotypes. On 32 trial plots, promising, medium and unpromising P. sylvestris geoecotypes were determined using a unified methodology and 12 evaluation criteria. It has been reliably established that among the 18 forest-steppe ecotypes studied, only 4 are the best. To introduce them into silviculture production, it is necessary to optimize the logistics of procuring seeds of the best ecotypes, growing standard planting material from them and planting them in appropriate forest conditions. According to forecasts, the use of seeds and planting material, identified selectively the best geoecotypes of P. sylvestris during the implementation of plans for the sustainable reproduction of future forests in the European part of the Russian Federation, will provide an accumulative silvicultural and economic effect that grows over time and high economic efficiency.
{"title":"About the best geoecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for artificial reforestation","authors":"M. Mihaylova, M. Chernyshov, Siarhei U. Rabko","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/4","url":null,"abstract":"The basis for adjusting the previously established boundaries of forest seed areas for forest-forming species are the results of studying the condition, growth intensity and productivity of their offspring in the form of forest geographical crops, which were created in the 60-70s of the XX century in different regions of the USSR. The best geoecotypes are identified by comparing the morphometric parameters achieved by the test geographical offspring by the age of “ripening”, or on the basis of multifactor analysis with their comprehensive assessment based on a set of criteria. In 2018-2021 In order to identify and select the best geoecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), moved to the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh region), based on their potential economic suitability for sustainable forest reproduction in the European part of the Russian Federation, comprehensive studies were carried out in 59-61-year-old tree stands that are seed trees offspring of different forest-steppe and steppe geoecotypes. On 32 trial plots, promising, medium and unpromising P. sylvestris geoecotypes were determined using a unified methodology and 12 evaluation criteria. It has been reliably established that among the 18 forest-steppe ecotypes studied, only 4 are the best. To introduce them into silviculture production, it is necessary to optimize the logistics of procuring seeds of the best ecotypes, growing standard planting material from them and planting them in appropriate forest conditions. According to forecasts, the use of seeds and planting material, identified selectively the best geoecotypes of P. sylvestris during the implementation of plans for the sustainable reproduction of future forests in the European part of the Russian Federation, will provide an accumulative silvicultural and economic effect that grows over time and high economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"58 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/10
Vladislav Martynov, M. Lisyatnikov, A. Lukina, S. Roshchina
Caring for natural resources is one of the most important components of the sustainable development of the national economy of the Russian Federation. This is facilitated by the use of low-grade wood, including fire-damaged wood, as a structural material, which will reduce the cost of producing laminated wood structures (GWB) through the use of cheaper raw materials. Based on a systematic analysis of sources and our own empirical research, the features of a new technology for manufacturing laminated wood beams with a span of 6.0 m using wood damaged by fire from a forest fire are presented. This study is aimed at reducing the material intensity of laminated timber structures through the partial use of low-grade wood without reducing the load-bearing capacity of the beams. It was found that when replacing 36% of the middle lamellas in the cross-section with thermally damaged wood, the reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the beam structure relative to a beam made entirely of grade I wood was 9.7%, and when replacing 62% of the wood – 16.06%. The use of thermally damaged wood in the manufacture of laminated wood structures will significantly reduce the use of high-grade lumber with some changes in the technological process that do not lead to an increase in its cost. Using the positive experience of testing beam FDCs, it is planned to further study the use of thermally damaged wood in compression-bending structures.
{"title":"Manufacturing technology of glued wooden structures with the use of wood damaged by the fire impact of a forest fire","authors":"Vladislav Martynov, M. Lisyatnikov, A. Lukina, S. Roshchina","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/10","url":null,"abstract":"Caring for natural resources is one of the most important components of the sustainable development of the \u0000national economy of the Russian Federation. This is facilitated by the use of low-grade wood, including fire-damaged \u0000wood, as a structural material, which will reduce the cost of producing laminated wood structures (GWB) through the use \u0000of cheaper raw materials. Based on a systematic analysis of sources and our own empirical research, the features of a new \u0000technology for manufacturing laminated wood beams with a span of 6.0 m using wood damaged by fire from a forest fire \u0000are presented. This study is aimed at reducing the material intensity of laminated timber structures through the partial use \u0000of low-grade wood without reducing the load-bearing capacity of the beams. It was found that when replacing 36% of the \u0000middle lamellas in the cross-section with thermally damaged wood, the reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the beam \u0000structure relative to a beam made entirely of grade I wood was 9.7%, and when replacing 62% of the wood – 16.06%. \u0000The use of thermally damaged wood in the manufacture of laminated wood structures will significantly reduce the use of \u0000high-grade lumber with some changes in the technological process that do not lead to an increase in its cost. Using the \u0000positive experience of testing beam FDCs, it is planned to further study the use of thermally damaged wood in compression-bending structures.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"116 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/4
M. Mihaylova, M. Chernyshov, Siarhei U. Rabko
The basis for adjusting the previously established boundaries of forest seed areas for forest-forming species are the results of studying the condition, growth intensity and productivity of their offspring in the form of forest geographical crops, which were created in the 60-70s of the XX century in different regions of the USSR. The best geoecotypes are identified by comparing the morphometric parameters achieved by the test geographical offspring by the age of “ripening”, or on the basis of multifactor analysis with their comprehensive assessment based on a set of criteria. In 2018-2021 In order to identify and select the best geoecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), moved to the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh region), based on their potential economic suitability for sustainable forest reproduction in the European part of the Russian Federation, comprehensive studies were carried out in 59-61-year-old tree stands that are seed trees offspring of different forest-steppe and steppe geoecotypes. On 32 trial plots, promising, medium and unpromising P. sylvestris geoecotypes were determined using a unified methodology and 12 evaluation criteria. It has been reliably established that among the 18 forest-steppe ecotypes studied, only 4 are the best. To introduce them into silviculture production, it is necessary to optimize the logistics of procuring seeds of the best ecotypes, growing standard planting material from them and planting them in appropriate forest conditions. According to forecasts, the use of seeds and planting material, identified selectively the best geoecotypes of P. sylvestris during the implementation of plans for the sustainable reproduction of future forests in the European part of the Russian Federation, will provide an accumulative silvicultural and economic effect that grows over time and high economic efficiency.
{"title":"About the best geoecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for artificial reforestation","authors":"M. Mihaylova, M. Chernyshov, Siarhei U. Rabko","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/4","url":null,"abstract":"The basis for adjusting the previously established boundaries of forest seed areas for forest-forming species are the results of studying the condition, growth intensity and productivity of their offspring in the form of forest geographical crops, which were created in the 60-70s of the XX century in different regions of the USSR. The best geoecotypes are identified by comparing the morphometric parameters achieved by the test geographical offspring by the age of “ripening”, or on the basis of multifactor analysis with their comprehensive assessment based on a set of criteria. In 2018-2021 In order to identify and select the best geoecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), moved to the Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh region), based on their potential economic suitability for sustainable forest reproduction in the European part of the Russian Federation, comprehensive studies were carried out in 59-61-year-old tree stands that are seed trees offspring of different forest-steppe and steppe geoecotypes. On 32 trial plots, promising, medium and unpromising P. sylvestris geoecotypes were determined using a unified methodology and 12 evaluation criteria. It has been reliably established that among the 18 forest-steppe ecotypes studied, only 4 are the best. To introduce them into silviculture production, it is necessary to optimize the logistics of procuring seeds of the best ecotypes, growing standard planting material from them and planting them in appropriate forest conditions. According to forecasts, the use of seeds and planting material, identified selectively the best geoecotypes of P. sylvestris during the implementation of plans for the sustainable reproduction of future forests in the European part of the Russian Federation, will provide an accumulative silvicultural and economic effect that grows over time and high economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/11
Nadezhda Nikulina, Olga Dornyak, A. Dmitrenkov, Alexander Vostrikov, Konstantin Zhuzhukin, Natalya Chernaya
Currently, natural wood and products based on it are in high demand. The technology of impregnation of low-value wood species on the example of B. pendula ROTH with an oligomeric material obtained from rubber production waste has been studied. Oligomers with a styrene content of 10 and 90% were obtained. In the first case, the low molecular weight copolymer had a molecular weight of 1100-1300, and in the second - 1700-2000. Impregnation of B. pendula ROTH wood was carried out in a solution of the obtained oligomer in toluene. In order to speed up the drying process of the protective coating and increase its strength, NF-1 siccative was introduced into the impregnation composition in an amount of 4-5%. The impregnation was carried out at temperatures of 60 and 120 ˚C, followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 100 and 160 ˚C. In the work, using the theory of experimental planning, a regression model was created that made it possible to describe the effects of a number of technological indicators on increasing the water and moisture resistance of modified wood. Verification of the coefficients of the models for significance was carried out using the Student's criterion. The obtained regression models make it possible to predict the characteristics of water resistance of birch wood modified due to its impregnation with a low-molecular copolymer containing styrene at specified values of technological parameters - the styrene content in the impregnating composition, the values of the impregnation temperature and heat treatment. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the impregnation and heat treatment process, it is necessary to adhere to the minimum values of the considered temperature intervals, and the styrene content in the applied oligomeric product should be ~ 90% by weight. Modifying treatment of wood with an oligomer from by-products of polybutadiene production makes it possible to improve its water resistance. The use of the proposed impregnating compounds contributes to the disposal of waste and by-products of polybutadiene production.
{"title":"Water absorption and swelling of Betula pendula ROTH wood modified with oligomers from by-products of polybutadiene production","authors":"Nadezhda Nikulina, Olga Dornyak, A. Dmitrenkov, Alexander Vostrikov, Konstantin Zhuzhukin, Natalya Chernaya","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/11","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, natural wood and products based on it are in high demand. The technology of impregnation of low-value wood species on the example of B. pendula ROTH with an oligomeric material obtained from rubber production waste has been studied. Oligomers with a styrene content of 10 and 90% were obtained. In the first case, the low molecular weight copolymer had a molecular weight of 1100-1300, and in the second - 1700-2000. Impregnation of B. pendula ROTH wood was carried out in a solution of the obtained oligomer in toluene. In order to speed up the drying process of the protective coating and increase its strength, NF-1 siccative was introduced into the impregnation composition in an amount of 4-5%. The impregnation was carried out at temperatures of 60 and 120 ˚C, followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 100 and 160 ˚C. In the work, using the theory of experimental planning, a regression model was created that made it possible to describe the effects of a number of technological indicators on increasing the water and moisture resistance of modified wood. Verification of the coefficients of the models for significance was carried out using the Student's criterion. The obtained regression models make it possible to predict the characteristics of water resistance of birch wood modified due to its impregnation with a low-molecular copolymer containing styrene at specified values of technological parameters - the styrene content in the impregnating composition, the values of the impregnation temperature and heat treatment. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the impregnation and heat treatment process, it is necessary to adhere to the minimum values of the considered temperature intervals, and the styrene content in the applied oligomeric product should be ~ 90% by weight. Modifying treatment of wood with an oligomer from by-products of polybutadiene production makes it possible to improve its water resistance. The use of the proposed impregnating compounds contributes to the disposal of waste and by-products of polybutadiene production.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/1
Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, E. Petrishchev
Forest seeds spectral data in the visible and infrared regions of electromagnetic radiation lengths quite effectively differentiate the origin, viability, types of seeds, their infestation with pests and diseases, the ability to absorb and lose water. The search for a method of seed testing that is both experimentally simple, fast and effective for predicting germination is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of forest nurseries in the production of planting material. The retrospective references systematization (N = 55, 1998-2023, terms [Scholar Query = seeds* AND (spectr* OR optic*) (properties OR features) AND analysis]) into clusters was carried out on the basis of eight performance criteria represented by rank variables. The level of similarity and difference between clusters is determined by the method of the most distant neighbors with the grouping of data by the square of the Euclidean distance. The most distant criterion from other criteria is the level of invasiveness of testing (the square of the Euclidean distance is 25, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of nonparametric criteria indicates a direct strong interaction between the level of financial and organizational costs (Spearman coefficient ρ = 0.77; p = 0.0008), time costs and low machine learning capability (ρ = 0.725; p = 0.0008). In the future, it is planned to periodically supplement the set of systematic data to obtain an objective assessment of seed testing methods, as well as using a seed passport to evaluate the relationship of RGB spectral data of more than 1 000 individual seeds with early growth of seedlings in a post-pyrogenic experimental site of the forest landscape of the Voronezh region by example (Pinus sylvestris L. var. Negorelskaya).
{"title":"Studying the spectrometric features of forest seeds to improve sowing qualities: a retrospective cluster analysis of the scientific landscape trends","authors":"Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/1","url":null,"abstract":"Forest seeds spectral data in the visible and infrared regions of electromagnetic radiation lengths quite effectively \u0000differentiate the origin, viability, types of seeds, their infestation with pests and diseases, the ability to absorb and lose \u0000water. The search for a method of seed testing that is both experimentally simple, fast and effective for predicting germination is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of forest nurseries in the production of planting material. The retrospective references systematization (N = 55, 1998-2023, terms [Scholar Query = seeds* AND (spectr* OR optic*) (properties OR features) AND analysis]) into clusters was carried out on the basis of eight performance criteria represented by \u0000rank variables. The level of similarity and difference between clusters is determined by the method of the most distant \u0000neighbors with the grouping of data by the square of the Euclidean distance. The most distant criterion from other criteria \u0000is the level of invasiveness of testing (the square of the Euclidean distance is 25, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of nonparametric criteria indicates a direct strong interaction between the level of financial and organizational costs (Spearman \u0000coefficient ρ = 0.77; p = 0.0008), time costs and low machine learning capability (ρ = 0.725; p = 0.0008). In the future, it \u0000is planned to periodically supplement the set of systematic data to obtain an objective assessment of seed testing methods, \u0000as well as using a seed passport to evaluate the relationship of RGB spectral data of more than 1 000 individual seeds \u0000with early growth of seedlings in a post-pyrogenic experimental site of the forest landscape of the Voronezh region by \u0000example (Pinus sylvestris L. var. Negorelskaya).","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"79 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8
Dmitriy Rogachev, Ivan Kozlov, Vladislav Klubnichkin
Point clouds are widely used in ground-based forest scanning using LiDAR and stereo cameras. Point clouds often suffer from noise outliers and artifacts that distort data. Hardware accuracy and quality of the initial point cloud during ground scanning of a forest area can be improved by using scanners with higher expansion, as well as using photogrammetry or additional sensors. To eliminate noise, software methods can be used: point filtering, smoothing, statistical methods and reconstruction algorithms. A new approach to filtering the noise of the scanned forest area is based on the analysis of the values of the color components in the YCbCr- and L*a*b- spaces. The properties of the YCbCrand L*a*b-color models were investigated and threshold values for classifying points as noise or object depending on their distance to the centroids were determined. The use of a combined (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter on the point cloud reduced the number of points to 38 963 (17.41% of the original number). When calibrating the camera and LiDAR based on the (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter, the total average value of translation errors was 0.0247 m, rotation 6,244 degrees, reprojection 8,385 pixels. The noise-filtering method (YCbCr | L*a*b) shows high accuracy and reliability in removing noise and maintaining the integrity of objects in the point cloud, which will allow the data obtained on unmanned machines to be used later when performing logging operations.
{"title":"Noise filtering of the forest site scanned by LiDAR based on YCbCr and L*a*b* color models","authors":"Dmitriy Rogachev, Ivan Kozlov, Vladislav Klubnichkin","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8","url":null,"abstract":"Point clouds are widely used in ground-based forest scanning using LiDAR and stereo cameras. Point clouds \u0000often suffer from noise outliers and artifacts that distort data. Hardware accuracy and quality of the initial point cloud \u0000during ground scanning of a forest area can be improved by using scanners with higher expansion, as well as using \u0000photogrammetry or additional sensors. To eliminate noise, software methods can be used: point filtering, smoothing, \u0000statistical methods and reconstruction algorithms. A new approach to filtering the noise of the scanned forest area is based \u0000on the analysis of the values of the color components in the YCbCr- and L*a*b- spaces. The properties of the YCbCrand L*a*b-color models were investigated and threshold values for classifying points as noise or object depending on \u0000their distance to the centroids were determined. The use of a combined (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter on the point cloud reduced \u0000the number of points to 38 963 (17.41% of the original number). When calibrating the camera and LiDAR based on the \u0000(YCbCr | L*a*b) filter, the total average value of translation errors was 0.0247 m, rotation 6,244 degrees, reprojection \u00008,385 pixels. The noise-filtering method (YCbCr | L*a*b) shows high accuracy and reliability in removing noise and \u0000maintaining the integrity of objects in the point cloud, which will allow the data obtained on unmanned machines to be \u0000used later when performing logging operations.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"75 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/3
Nikolay Dubenok, Aleksandr Lebedev, V. Gostev
Models of the stem taper have become widespread in forestry research. Models of the stem taper based on the equations of the stem taper are capable of determining with sufficient accuracy the assortment potential of forest stands. For the Kostroma region, no work has previously been carried out aimed at modeling the stem taper of trunks. Therefore, the goal of the study was to search and justify models of the stem taper of a tree trunk with one equation that most correctly describe the change in tree diameter with height in Scots pine stands growing in the Kostroma region. As experimental data, 10064 measurements of the diameter of 692 pine trees were obtained. To carry out the analysis, 19 models of tree stem taper with one equation were selected. Calculations were carried out in the Python environment. The calculated values of quality metrics, graphical analysis of residuals and errors made it possible to establish that the four-parameter model most adequately describes of the stem taper of pine forest stands in the Kostroma region. The stem diameter predicted using the model at any height makes it possible to analyze the assortment structure without resorting to tree felling. Further research is required aimed at developing standards for the assortment structure of trunks based on the proposed stem taper model.
{"title":"Model of stem taper of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Kostroma region","authors":"Nikolay Dubenok, Aleksandr Lebedev, V. Gostev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/3","url":null,"abstract":"Models of the stem taper have become widespread in forestry research. Models of the stem taper based on the equations of the stem taper are capable of determining with sufficient accuracy the assortment potential of forest stands. For the Kostroma region, no work has previously been carried out aimed at modeling the stem taper of trunks. Therefore, the goal of the study was to search and justify models of the stem taper of a tree trunk with one equation that most correctly describe the change in tree diameter with height in Scots pine stands growing in the Kostroma region. As experimental data, 10064 measurements of the diameter of 692 pine trees were obtained. To carry out the analysis, 19 models of tree stem taper with one equation were selected. Calculations were carried out in the Python environment. The calculated values of quality metrics, graphical analysis of residuals and errors made it possible to establish that the four-parameter model most adequately describes of the stem taper of pine forest stands in the Kostroma region. The stem diameter predicted using the model at any height makes it possible to analyze the assortment structure without resorting to tree felling. Further research is required aimed at developing standards for the assortment structure of trunks based on the proposed stem taper model.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"41 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/7
Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, Viktor Lisitsyn, E. Petrishchev
The process of restoring forest landscapes in the context of global urbanization and deforestation of relict stands, as well as climate change, is complex and important for studying, planning stages and technological operations and predicting the results of vitality and growth of stands. To solve this problem, a reference information system for adaptive reforestation is being developed. In this paper, the modeling and description of the adaptive reforestation process is carried out using functional diagrams constructed using the IDEF0 methodology, and the description of the arrows of the context diagram with explanations of the processes is given in detail. For a detailed analysis of the subject area and modeling of the adaptive reforestation process, we decomposed the context diagram into diagram A1, which shows the implementation of the process of choosing a technology for the restoration of the forest landscape from the point of view of technology and technical means, and diagram A2, which examines the restoration technology from the point of view of several forestry descriptors, which takes into account the specifics of the industry. As a result of the simulation, diagrams A0, A1, A2 were obtained, which show a structured image of the system functions, information and objects connecting these functions.
{"title":"FLR-Library reference information system for adaptive forest restoration: the information model","authors":"Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, Viktor Lisitsyn, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/7","url":null,"abstract":"The process of restoring forest landscapes in the context of global urbanization and deforestation of relict stands, \u0000as well as climate change, is complex and important for studying, planning stages and technological operations and \u0000predicting the results of vitality and growth of stands. To solve this problem, a reference information system for adaptive \u0000reforestation is being developed. In this paper, the modeling and description of the adaptive reforestation process is carried \u0000out using functional diagrams constructed using the IDEF0 methodology, and the description of the arrows of the context \u0000diagram with explanations of the processes is given in detail. For a detailed analysis of the subject area and modeling of \u0000the adaptive reforestation process, we decomposed the context diagram into diagram A1, which shows the implementation \u0000of the process of choosing a technology for the restoration of the forest landscape from the point of view of technology \u0000and technical means, and diagram A2, which examines the restoration technology from the point of view of several \u0000forestry descriptors, which takes into account the specifics of the industry. As a result of the simulation, diagrams A0, \u0000A1, A2 were obtained, which show a structured image of the system functions, information and objects connecting these \u0000functions.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"91 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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