Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/5
Oleg Popov, Sergey Tretyakov, Anatoly Novoselov
In the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region of Russian Federation, the influence of continuous harvesting of wood in drained pine forests on the taxation and macrostructural parameters of common pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined. The objects of the study are represented by pine forests: the main species is Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) with an admixture of common spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth). The drained forest objects were selected after the continuous harvesting of wood and a control stand (without logging), temporary test areas (runway) were delimited. Drainage measures in experimental forests were carried out in 1972. Continuous logging was carried out in 2005 when skidding technological drags were attached to the main corridor at an angle of 45 degrees. The distribution of the number of P. sylvestris L. trees by thickness steps within the boundaries of the runway in 83% (p < 0.05) of cases tends to normal. Average periodical growth of late wood P. sylvestris L. on the runway after drainage increased in the channel position by 30 % (tfact ≥ tst; 4.51 > 2.70; p < 0.01), and after intermittent logging increased by 19 % (tfact ≥ tst; 1.99 > 1.71; p < 0.1). Carrying out continuous complex harvesting of wood in drained pine forests has a positive effect on increasing the stock (by 38%), while in stands without logging – by 28 %.
{"title":"Silvicultural efficiency of the partial cut in pine forests after hydro technical reclamation in the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region","authors":"Oleg Popov, Sergey Tretyakov, Anatoly Novoselov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/5","url":null,"abstract":"In the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region of Russian Federation, the influence of continuous harvesting of \u0000wood in drained pine forests on the taxation and macrostructural parameters of common pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) \u0000was determined. The objects of the study are represented by pine forests: the main species is Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) \u0000with an admixture of common spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth). The drained forest \u0000objects were selected after the continuous harvesting of wood and a control stand (without logging), temporary test areas \u0000(runway) were delimited. Drainage measures in experimental forests were carried out in 1972. Continuous logging was \u0000carried out in 2005 when skidding technological drags were attached to the main corridor at an angle of 45 degrees. The \u0000distribution of the number of P. sylvestris L. trees by thickness steps within the boundaries of the runway in 83% (p < \u00000.05) of cases tends to normal. Average periodical growth of late wood P. sylvestris L. on the runway after drainage \u0000increased in the channel position by 30 % (tfact ≥ tst; 4.51 > 2.70; p < 0.01), and after intermittent logging increased by \u000019 % (tfact ≥ tst; 1.99 > 1.71; p < 0.1). Carrying out continuous complex harvesting of wood in drained pine forests has a \u0000positive effect on increasing the stock (by 38%), while in stands without logging – by 28 %.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9
L. Ponomarenko, E. Kantieva, Anastasiya Kireeva
Stone veneer has been known for a long time. But mostly it has been used as a finishing material, which is widely applied in decorating the outer surfaces of buildings and facilities. Stone veneer is a thin cut of natural stone - slate, which is applied to fiberglass or textiles. The thickness of the veneer is in the range of 2-3 mm. Stone veneer is available in the form of rolls or tiles. Due to its flexibility, it can be used to refine surfaces that have angles and small radius of curvature. The flexibility of stone veneer is a unique property, since natural stone is not flexible. In today’s world stone veneer is trying to find new fields of application. This material is used not only in interior and exterior designs, but also as a decorative coating of furniture panels. In this work we have established the possibility of wood board materials facing by stone veneer using standard technologies and the most common adhesives used in our country, such as urea-formaldehyde resin and polyvinyl acetate dispersion.
{"title":"Investigation of adhesive bond strength when facing furniture boards with flexible stone veneer","authors":"L. Ponomarenko, E. Kantieva, Anastasiya Kireeva","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9","url":null,"abstract":"Stone veneer has been known for a long time. But mostly it has been used as a finishing material, which is widely \u0000applied in decorating the outer surfaces of buildings and facilities. Stone veneer is a thin cut of natural stone - slate, which \u0000is applied to fiberglass or textiles. The thickness of the veneer is in the range of 2-3 mm. Stone veneer is available in the \u0000form of rolls or tiles. Due to its flexibility, it can be used to refine surfaces that have angles and small radius of curvature. \u0000The flexibility of stone veneer is a unique property, since natural stone is not flexible. In today’s world stone veneer is \u0000trying to find new fields of application. This material is used not only in interior and exterior designs, but also as a \u0000decorative coating of furniture panels. In this work we have established the possibility of wood board materials facing by \u0000stone veneer using standard technologies and the most common adhesives used in our country, such as urea-formaldehyde \u0000resin and polyvinyl acetate dispersion.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9
L. Ponomarenko, E. Kantieva, Anastasiya Kireeva
Stone veneer has been known for a long time. But mostly it has been used as a finishing material, which is widely applied in decorating the outer surfaces of buildings and facilities. Stone veneer is a thin cut of natural stone - slate, which is applied to fiberglass or textiles. The thickness of the veneer is in the range of 2-3 mm. Stone veneer is available in the form of rolls or tiles. Due to its flexibility, it can be used to refine surfaces that have angles and small radius of curvature. The flexibility of stone veneer is a unique property, since natural stone is not flexible. In today’s world stone veneer is trying to find new fields of application. This material is used not only in interior and exterior designs, but also as a decorative coating of furniture panels. In this work we have established the possibility of wood board materials facing by stone veneer using standard technologies and the most common adhesives used in our country, such as urea-formaldehyde resin and polyvinyl acetate dispersion.
{"title":"Investigation of adhesive bond strength when facing furniture boards with flexible stone veneer","authors":"L. Ponomarenko, E. Kantieva, Anastasiya Kireeva","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/9","url":null,"abstract":"Stone veneer has been known for a long time. But mostly it has been used as a finishing material, which is widely \u0000applied in decorating the outer surfaces of buildings and facilities. Stone veneer is a thin cut of natural stone - slate, which \u0000is applied to fiberglass or textiles. The thickness of the veneer is in the range of 2-3 mm. Stone veneer is available in the \u0000form of rolls or tiles. Due to its flexibility, it can be used to refine surfaces that have angles and small radius of curvature. \u0000The flexibility of stone veneer is a unique property, since natural stone is not flexible. In today’s world stone veneer is \u0000trying to find new fields of application. This material is used not only in interior and exterior designs, but also as a \u0000decorative coating of furniture panels. In this work we have established the possibility of wood board materials facing by \u0000stone veneer using standard technologies and the most common adhesives used in our country, such as urea-formaldehyde \u0000resin and polyvinyl acetate dispersion.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"78 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/11
Nadezhda Nikulina, Olga Dornyak, A. Dmitrenkov, Alexander Vostrikov, Konstantin Zhuzhukin, Natalya Chernaya
Currently, natural wood and products based on it are in high demand. The technology of impregnation of low-value wood species on the example of B. pendula ROTH with an oligomeric material obtained from rubber production waste has been studied. Oligomers with a styrene content of 10 and 90% were obtained. In the first case, the low molecular weight copolymer had a molecular weight of 1100-1300, and in the second - 1700-2000. Impregnation of B. pendula ROTH wood was carried out in a solution of the obtained oligomer in toluene. In order to speed up the drying process of the protective coating and increase its strength, NF-1 siccative was introduced into the impregnation composition in an amount of 4-5%. The impregnation was carried out at temperatures of 60 and 120 ˚C, followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 100 and 160 ˚C. In the work, using the theory of experimental planning, a regression model was created that made it possible to describe the effects of a number of technological indicators on increasing the water and moisture resistance of modified wood. Verification of the coefficients of the models for significance was carried out using the Student's criterion. The obtained regression models make it possible to predict the characteristics of water resistance of birch wood modified due to its impregnation with a low-molecular copolymer containing styrene at specified values of technological parameters - the styrene content in the impregnating composition, the values of the impregnation temperature and heat treatment. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the impregnation and heat treatment process, it is necessary to adhere to the minimum values of the considered temperature intervals, and the styrene content in the applied oligomeric product should be ~ 90% by weight. Modifying treatment of wood with an oligomer from by-products of polybutadiene production makes it possible to improve its water resistance. The use of the proposed impregnating compounds contributes to the disposal of waste and by-products of polybutadiene production.
{"title":"Water absorption and swelling of Betula pendula ROTH wood modified with oligomers from by-products of polybutadiene production","authors":"Nadezhda Nikulina, Olga Dornyak, A. Dmitrenkov, Alexander Vostrikov, Konstantin Zhuzhukin, Natalya Chernaya","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/11","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, natural wood and products based on it are in high demand. The technology of impregnation of low-value wood species on the example of B. pendula ROTH with an oligomeric material obtained from rubber production waste has been studied. Oligomers with a styrene content of 10 and 90% were obtained. In the first case, the low molecular weight copolymer had a molecular weight of 1100-1300, and in the second - 1700-2000. Impregnation of B. pendula ROTH wood was carried out in a solution of the obtained oligomer in toluene. In order to speed up the drying process of the protective coating and increase its strength, NF-1 siccative was introduced into the impregnation composition in an amount of 4-5%. The impregnation was carried out at temperatures of 60 and 120 ˚C, followed by heat treatment at temperatures of 100 and 160 ˚C. In the work, using the theory of experimental planning, a regression model was created that made it possible to describe the effects of a number of technological indicators on increasing the water and moisture resistance of modified wood. Verification of the coefficients of the models for significance was carried out using the Student's criterion. The obtained regression models make it possible to predict the characteristics of water resistance of birch wood modified due to its impregnation with a low-molecular copolymer containing styrene at specified values of technological parameters - the styrene content in the impregnating composition, the values of the impregnation temperature and heat treatment. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the impregnation and heat treatment process, it is necessary to adhere to the minimum values of the considered temperature intervals, and the styrene content in the applied oligomeric product should be ~ 90% by weight. Modifying treatment of wood with an oligomer from by-products of polybutadiene production makes it possible to improve its water resistance. The use of the proposed impregnating compounds contributes to the disposal of waste and by-products of polybutadiene production.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"169 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/6
V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, I. Siz'min, V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, N. Mozgovoy, Petr Kolodiy
Based on the conducted exploratory research, the most significant factors were identified on which the change in transport costs spent by logging enterprises on the process of delivering timber to consumers by logging trucks depends. To reduce such costs, a promising design of the drawbar of the coupling device of a timber road train has been proposed, providing the effect of self-pulling of the road train, generating and storing the energy of the working fluid, with its subsequent use in technological hydraulic equipment. To simulate the movement of a timber road train equipped with the proposed drawbar of the coupling device and the operation of the drawbar separately in the modes of self-pulling, recovery and damping of dynamic loads, two computer programs have been developed. It has been established that with an increase in the depth of irregularities, self-pulling of a timber road train becomes more difficult, which leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the self-pulling process. However, with an average depth of unevenness of the supporting surface of less than 0.3 m, the efficiency indicators of the self-retracting process are acceptable values: the self-retracting speed is more than 0.22 m/s, the amount of displacement per extension-reduction cycle of the drawbar of the coupling device is less than 0.12 m, consumed by the pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device power less than 1.9 kW. Under very difficult road conditions – the average depth of irregularities is from 0.3 to 0.5 m – the self-pulling of the timber road train occurs, but the efficiency indicators decrease: the self-pulling speed decreases to 0.16 m/s, the movement increases to 0.17 m, power consumption increases to 3.1 kW. It was revealed that when the coefficient of viscous friction of the wheels of a logging road train against the supporting surface of a logging road changes over a wide range, the recuperative pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device provides a fairly effective self-pulling with a self-pulling speed from 0.17 to 2.3 m/s, a displacement (rollback) value from 0.09 to 0.16 m, power consumption from 1.5 to 2.2 kW.
{"title":"The simulation modeling of the operation of a recuperative pneumohydraulic drawbar of a road train coupling device with a self-pulling function","authors":"V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, I. Siz'min, V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, N. Mozgovoy, Petr Kolodiy","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/6","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the conducted exploratory research, the most significant factors were identified on which the change in \u0000transport costs spent by logging enterprises on the process of delivering timber to consumers by logging trucks depends. \u0000To reduce such costs, a promising design of the drawbar of the coupling device of a timber road train has been proposed, \u0000providing the effect of self-pulling of the road train, generating and storing the energy of the working fluid, with its \u0000subsequent use in technological hydraulic equipment. To simulate the movement of a timber road train equipped with the \u0000proposed drawbar of the coupling device and the operation of the drawbar separately in the modes of self-pulling, recovery \u0000and damping of dynamic loads, two computer programs have been developed. It has been established that with an increase \u0000in the depth of irregularities, self-pulling of a timber road train becomes more difficult, which leads to a deterioration in \u0000the efficiency of the self-pulling process. However, with an average depth of unevenness of the supporting surface of less \u0000than 0.3 m, the efficiency indicators of the self-retracting process are acceptable values: the self-retracting speed is more \u0000than 0.22 m/s, the amount of displacement per extension-reduction cycle of the drawbar of the coupling device is less than 0.12 m, consumed by the pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device power less than 1.9 kW. Under very \u0000difficult road conditions – the average depth of irregularities is from 0.3 to 0.5 m – the self-pulling of the timber road \u0000train occurs, but the efficiency indicators decrease: the self-pulling speed decreases to 0.16 m/s, the movement increases \u0000to 0.17 m, power consumption increases to 3.1 kW. It was revealed that when the coefficient of viscous friction of the \u0000wheels of a logging road train against the supporting surface of a logging road changes over a wide range, the recuperative \u0000pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device provides a fairly effective self-pulling with a self-pulling speed from \u00000.17 to 2.3 m/s, a displacement (rollback) value from 0.09 to 0.16 m, power consumption from 1.5 to 2.2 kW.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"129 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/6
V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, I. Siz'min, V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, N. Mozgovoy, Petr Kolodiy
Based on the conducted exploratory research, the most significant factors were identified on which the change in transport costs spent by logging enterprises on the process of delivering timber to consumers by logging trucks depends. To reduce such costs, a promising design of the drawbar of the coupling device of a timber road train has been proposed, providing the effect of self-pulling of the road train, generating and storing the energy of the working fluid, with its subsequent use in technological hydraulic equipment. To simulate the movement of a timber road train equipped with the proposed drawbar of the coupling device and the operation of the drawbar separately in the modes of self-pulling, recovery and damping of dynamic loads, two computer programs have been developed. It has been established that with an increase in the depth of irregularities, self-pulling of a timber road train becomes more difficult, which leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the self-pulling process. However, with an average depth of unevenness of the supporting surface of less than 0.3 m, the efficiency indicators of the self-retracting process are acceptable values: the self-retracting speed is more than 0.22 m/s, the amount of displacement per extension-reduction cycle of the drawbar of the coupling device is less than 0.12 m, consumed by the pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device power less than 1.9 kW. Under very difficult road conditions – the average depth of irregularities is from 0.3 to 0.5 m – the self-pulling of the timber road train occurs, but the efficiency indicators decrease: the self-pulling speed decreases to 0.16 m/s, the movement increases to 0.17 m, power consumption increases to 3.1 kW. It was revealed that when the coefficient of viscous friction of the wheels of a logging road train against the supporting surface of a logging road changes over a wide range, the recuperative pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device provides a fairly effective self-pulling with a self-pulling speed from 0.17 to 2.3 m/s, a displacement (rollback) value from 0.09 to 0.16 m, power consumption from 1.5 to 2.2 kW.
{"title":"The simulation modeling of the operation of a recuperative pneumohydraulic drawbar of a road train coupling device with a self-pulling function","authors":"V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, I. Siz'min, V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, N. Mozgovoy, Petr Kolodiy","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/6","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the conducted exploratory research, the most significant factors were identified on which the change in \u0000transport costs spent by logging enterprises on the process of delivering timber to consumers by logging trucks depends. \u0000To reduce such costs, a promising design of the drawbar of the coupling device of a timber road train has been proposed, \u0000providing the effect of self-pulling of the road train, generating and storing the energy of the working fluid, with its \u0000subsequent use in technological hydraulic equipment. To simulate the movement of a timber road train equipped with the \u0000proposed drawbar of the coupling device and the operation of the drawbar separately in the modes of self-pulling, recovery \u0000and damping of dynamic loads, two computer programs have been developed. It has been established that with an increase \u0000in the depth of irregularities, self-pulling of a timber road train becomes more difficult, which leads to a deterioration in \u0000the efficiency of the self-pulling process. However, with an average depth of unevenness of the supporting surface of less \u0000than 0.3 m, the efficiency indicators of the self-retracting process are acceptable values: the self-retracting speed is more \u0000than 0.22 m/s, the amount of displacement per extension-reduction cycle of the drawbar of the coupling device is less than 0.12 m, consumed by the pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device power less than 1.9 kW. Under very \u0000difficult road conditions – the average depth of irregularities is from 0.3 to 0.5 m – the self-pulling of the timber road \u0000train occurs, but the efficiency indicators decrease: the self-pulling speed decreases to 0.16 m/s, the movement increases \u0000to 0.17 m, power consumption increases to 3.1 kW. It was revealed that when the coefficient of viscous friction of the \u0000wheels of a logging road train against the supporting surface of a logging road changes over a wide range, the recuperative \u0000pneumohydraulic drawbar of the coupling device provides a fairly effective self-pulling with a self-pulling speed from \u00000.17 to 2.3 m/s, a displacement (rollback) value from 0.09 to 0.16 m, power consumption from 1.5 to 2.2 kW.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"65 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/12
A. Platonov, S. Snegireva, E. Kantieva, A. Kiseleva
The forest fire has an effect on the tree trunk. Of the total number of fires in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, strong grass-roots fires prevail. As a result of this type of fire, the undergrowth burns out, which contributes to the most prolonged exposure to high temperature on the lumpy, economically valuable part of the trunk. The effect of high temperature affects the structure of the anatomical elements of wood, its integrity is violated. In the standing timber of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) destructive processes occur after fire damage, which have a significant effect on its physico-mechanical properties and are accompanied by intensive tar formation. One of the primary processes in wood processing technology is its dehydration, as a result of which wood is transformed from a natural material into a technological raw material. Therefore, the application of existing technological drying modes to wood damaged by fire is impractical. It is impossible to carry out the processes of dehydration or humidification of wood without information about the value of its moisture conductivity. The moisture conductivity of wood is determined by the moisture conductivity coefficient. The value of the moisture conductivity coefficient of samples of fire-damaged and undamaged P. sylvestris heartwood extracted from the stemwood was determined by the method of stationary moisture flow in the radial and tangential directions. In comparison with the intact Scots pine wood, wood damaged by fire has an inverse dependence of the intensity of the moisture current – in the tangential direction it is higher than in the radial direction. There is a general decrease in the moisture conductivity coefficient of pine wood: in the radial direction – by 40.2 ± 1.58% (p < 0.05), in the tangential direction – by 14.5 ± 0.92% (p < 0.05) compared with intact wood. Patterns of changes in the value of the heartwood coefficient of moisture conductivity in standing pine, damaged by fire, will allow to adjust the existing drying modes and improve the quality of the dried wood and the efficiency of the softwood kiln drying technology.
{"title":"Heartwood moisture conductivity of standing pine damaged by running crown and strong surface wildfire","authors":"A. Platonov, S. Snegireva, E. Kantieva, A. Kiseleva","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/12","url":null,"abstract":"The forest fire has an effect on the tree trunk. Of the total number of fires in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, strong grass-roots fires prevail. As a result of this type of fire, the undergrowth burns out, which contributes to the most prolonged exposure to high temperature on the lumpy, economically valuable part of the trunk. The effect of high temperature affects the structure of the anatomical elements of wood, its integrity is violated. In the standing timber of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) destructive processes occur after fire damage, which have a significant effect on its physico-mechanical properties and are accompanied by intensive tar formation. One of the primary processes in wood processing technology is its dehydration, as a result of which wood is transformed from a natural material into a technological raw material. Therefore, the application of existing technological drying modes to wood damaged by fire is impractical. It is impossible to carry out the processes of dehydration or humidification of wood without information about the value of its moisture conductivity. The moisture conductivity of wood is determined by the moisture conductivity coefficient. The value of the moisture conductivity coefficient of samples of fire-damaged and undamaged P. sylvestris heartwood \u0000extracted from the stemwood was determined by the method of stationary moisture flow in the radial and tangential directions. In comparison with the intact Scots pine wood, wood damaged by fire has an inverse dependence of the intensity of the moisture current – in the tangential direction it is higher than in the radial direction. There is a general decrease in the moisture conductivity coefficient of pine wood: in the radial direction – by 40.2 ± 1.58% (p < 0.05), in the tangential direction – by 14.5 ± 0.92% (p < 0.05) compared with intact wood. Patterns of changes in the value of the heartwood coefficient of moisture conductivity in standing pine, damaged by fire, will allow to adjust the existing drying modes and improve the quality of the dried wood and the efficiency of the softwood kiln drying technology.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"82 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139784580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/3
Nikolay Dubenok, Aleksandr Lebedev, V. Gostev
Models of the stem taper have become widespread in forestry research. Models of the stem taper based on the equations of the stem taper are capable of determining with sufficient accuracy the assortment potential of forest stands. For the Kostroma region, no work has previously been carried out aimed at modeling the stem taper of trunks. Therefore, the goal of the study was to search and justify models of the stem taper of a tree trunk with one equation that most correctly describe the change in tree diameter with height in Scots pine stands growing in the Kostroma region. As experimental data, 10064 measurements of the diameter of 692 pine trees were obtained. To carry out the analysis, 19 models of tree stem taper with one equation were selected. Calculations were carried out in the Python environment. The calculated values of quality metrics, graphical analysis of residuals and errors made it possible to establish that the four-parameter model most adequately describes of the stem taper of pine forest stands in the Kostroma region. The stem diameter predicted using the model at any height makes it possible to analyze the assortment structure without resorting to tree felling. Further research is required aimed at developing standards for the assortment structure of trunks based on the proposed stem taper model.
{"title":"Model of stem taper of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the Kostroma region","authors":"Nikolay Dubenok, Aleksandr Lebedev, V. Gostev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/3","url":null,"abstract":"Models of the stem taper have become widespread in forestry research. Models of the stem taper based on the equations of the stem taper are capable of determining with sufficient accuracy the assortment potential of forest stands. For the Kostroma region, no work has previously been carried out aimed at modeling the stem taper of trunks. Therefore, the goal of the study was to search and justify models of the stem taper of a tree trunk with one equation that most correctly describe the change in tree diameter with height in Scots pine stands growing in the Kostroma region. As experimental data, 10064 measurements of the diameter of 692 pine trees were obtained. To carry out the analysis, 19 models of tree stem taper with one equation were selected. Calculations were carried out in the Python environment. The calculated values of quality metrics, graphical analysis of residuals and errors made it possible to establish that the four-parameter model most adequately describes of the stem taper of pine forest stands in the Kostroma region. The stem diameter predicted using the model at any height makes it possible to analyze the assortment structure without resorting to tree felling. Further research is required aimed at developing standards for the assortment structure of trunks based on the proposed stem taper model.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"93 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/5
Oleg Popov, Sergey Tretyakov, Anatoly Novoselov
In the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region of Russian Federation, the influence of continuous harvesting of wood in drained pine forests on the taxation and macrostructural parameters of common pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) was determined. The objects of the study are represented by pine forests: the main species is Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) with an admixture of common spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth). The drained forest objects were selected after the continuous harvesting of wood and a control stand (without logging), temporary test areas (runway) were delimited. Drainage measures in experimental forests were carried out in 1972. Continuous logging was carried out in 2005 when skidding technological drags were attached to the main corridor at an angle of 45 degrees. The distribution of the number of P. sylvestris L. trees by thickness steps within the boundaries of the runway in 83% (p < 0.05) of cases tends to normal. Average periodical growth of late wood P. sylvestris L. on the runway after drainage increased in the channel position by 30 % (tfact ≥ tst; 4.51 > 2.70; p < 0.01), and after intermittent logging increased by 19 % (tfact ≥ tst; 1.99 > 1.71; p < 0.1). Carrying out continuous complex harvesting of wood in drained pine forests has a positive effect on increasing the stock (by 38%), while in stands without logging – by 28 %.
{"title":"Silvicultural efficiency of the partial cut in pine forests after hydro technical reclamation in the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region","authors":"Oleg Popov, Sergey Tretyakov, Anatoly Novoselov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/5","url":null,"abstract":"In the Sokolsky district of the Vologda region of Russian Federation, the influence of continuous harvesting of \u0000wood in drained pine forests on the taxation and macrostructural parameters of common pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) \u0000was determined. The objects of the study are represented by pine forests: the main species is Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) \u0000with an admixture of common spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth). The drained forest \u0000objects were selected after the continuous harvesting of wood and a control stand (without logging), temporary test areas \u0000(runway) were delimited. Drainage measures in experimental forests were carried out in 1972. Continuous logging was \u0000carried out in 2005 when skidding technological drags were attached to the main corridor at an angle of 45 degrees. The \u0000distribution of the number of P. sylvestris L. trees by thickness steps within the boundaries of the runway in 83% (p < \u00000.05) of cases tends to normal. Average periodical growth of late wood P. sylvestris L. on the runway after drainage \u0000increased in the channel position by 30 % (tfact ≥ tst; 4.51 > 2.70; p < 0.01), and after intermittent logging increased by \u000019 % (tfact ≥ tst; 1.99 > 1.71; p < 0.1). Carrying out continuous complex harvesting of wood in drained pine forests has a \u0000positive effect on increasing the stock (by 38%), while in stands without logging – by 28 %.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"54 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8
Dmitriy Rogachev, Ivan Kozlov, Vladislav Klubnichkin
Point clouds are widely used in ground-based forest scanning using LiDAR and stereo cameras. Point clouds often suffer from noise outliers and artifacts that distort data. Hardware accuracy and quality of the initial point cloud during ground scanning of a forest area can be improved by using scanners with higher expansion, as well as using photogrammetry or additional sensors. To eliminate noise, software methods can be used: point filtering, smoothing, statistical methods and reconstruction algorithms. A new approach to filtering the noise of the scanned forest area is based on the analysis of the values of the color components in the YCbCr- and L*a*b- spaces. The properties of the YCbCrand L*a*b-color models were investigated and threshold values for classifying points as noise or object depending on their distance to the centroids were determined. The use of a combined (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter on the point cloud reduced the number of points to 38 963 (17.41% of the original number). When calibrating the camera and LiDAR based on the (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter, the total average value of translation errors was 0.0247 m, rotation 6,244 degrees, reprojection 8,385 pixels. The noise-filtering method (YCbCr | L*a*b) shows high accuracy and reliability in removing noise and maintaining the integrity of objects in the point cloud, which will allow the data obtained on unmanned machines to be used later when performing logging operations.
{"title":"Noise filtering of the forest site scanned by LiDAR based on YCbCr and L*a*b* color models","authors":"Dmitriy Rogachev, Ivan Kozlov, Vladislav Klubnichkin","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/8","url":null,"abstract":"Point clouds are widely used in ground-based forest scanning using LiDAR and stereo cameras. Point clouds \u0000often suffer from noise outliers and artifacts that distort data. Hardware accuracy and quality of the initial point cloud \u0000during ground scanning of a forest area can be improved by using scanners with higher expansion, as well as using \u0000photogrammetry or additional sensors. To eliminate noise, software methods can be used: point filtering, smoothing, \u0000statistical methods and reconstruction algorithms. A new approach to filtering the noise of the scanned forest area is based \u0000on the analysis of the values of the color components in the YCbCr- and L*a*b- spaces. The properties of the YCbCrand L*a*b-color models were investigated and threshold values for classifying points as noise or object depending on \u0000their distance to the centroids were determined. The use of a combined (YCbCr | L*a*b) filter on the point cloud reduced \u0000the number of points to 38 963 (17.41% of the original number). When calibrating the camera and LiDAR based on the \u0000(YCbCr | L*a*b) filter, the total average value of translation errors was 0.0247 m, rotation 6,244 degrees, reprojection \u00008,385 pixels. The noise-filtering method (YCbCr | L*a*b) shows high accuracy and reliability in removing noise and \u0000maintaining the integrity of objects in the point cloud, which will allow the data obtained on unmanned machines to be \u0000used later when performing logging operations.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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