Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/14
Konstantin Zhuzhukin, Larisa Belchinskaya, E. Tomina, Aleksandr Zyablov, Wu Hoang Yen, Aleksey Chuykov
The purpose of this work was to study the properties of interfacial interaction of the basis of a new promising impregnating composition of used motor oil with birch wood in three mutually perpendicular directions (end, radial, tangential). Samples of birch wood were chosen as objects of study. The interfacial interaction was determined by the sessile drop method by the value of the contact angle, which makes it possible to establish a significant decrease in their values relative to distilled water when using an impregnating composition based on used motor oil, apparently as a result of the interfacial interaction between the wood and the hydrophobic matrix of the impregnating composition. When water molecules wet the hydrophilic surface of wood, which occurs as a result of adsorption and capillary condensation, water dipoles are attracted to the negatively charged surface of the molecular chains of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin due to the presence of unsaturated hydroxyl valences on their surface. An analysis of the dynamic and static contact angles of wetting wood impregnated with used engine oil made it possible to establish a significant increase in these angles compared to the data obtained for unimpregnated wood. The contact angles increase, apparently, as a result of the interfacial interaction of the functional groups of wood and the main components of the impregnating composition, leading to the formation of a hydrophobic surface. When comparing the contact angle of wetting wood with water and used engine oil, a decrease in its value was found when wetting used engine oil in comparison with water due to more intensive diffusion of used engine oil molecules into wood and the formation of intermolecular interactions of functional groups of wood and used engine oil.
{"title":"Investigation of interphase interaction of birch wood with impregnating composition","authors":"Konstantin Zhuzhukin, Larisa Belchinskaya, E. Tomina, Aleksandr Zyablov, Wu Hoang Yen, Aleksey Chuykov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/14","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to study the properties of interfacial interaction of the basis of a new promising impregnating composition of used motor oil with birch wood in three mutually perpendicular directions (end, radial, tangential). Samples of birch wood were chosen as objects of study. The interfacial interaction was determined by the sessile drop method by the value of the contact angle, which makes it possible to establish a significant decrease in their values relative to distilled water when using an impregnating composition based on used motor oil, apparently as a result of the interfacial interaction between the wood and the hydrophobic matrix of the impregnating composition. When water molecules wet the hydrophilic surface of wood, which occurs as a result of adsorption and capillary condensation, water dipoles are attracted to the negatively charged surface of the molecular chains of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin due to the presence of unsaturated hydroxyl valences on their surface. An analysis of the dynamic and static contact angles of wetting wood impregnated with used engine oil made it possible to establish a significant increase in these angles compared to the data obtained for unimpregnated wood. The contact angles increase, apparently, as a result of the interfacial interaction of the functional groups of wood and the main components of the impregnating composition, leading to the formation of a hydrophobic surface. When comparing the contact angle of wetting wood with water and used engine oil, a decrease in its value was found when wetting used engine oil in comparison with water due to more intensive diffusion of used engine oil molecules into wood and the formation of intermolecular interactions of functional groups of wood and used engine oil.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/12
Aleksey Platonov
When form protective forest stands along linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of subsequent spontaneous reproduction of trees and shrubs arises, littering the territories of the above facilities and creating a threat to the safety of their operation. Works on cleaning the territories of infrastructure facilities from unwanted tree and shrub vegetation are often organized without a sufficiently clear idea of the characteristics of the said vegetation to be removed, which negatively affects the quality of the performance of these works.The purpose of the research is to determine the species composition of undesirable plant communities that form on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in order to increase the efficiency of their removal and draw up recommendations for the proper maintenance of these territories. It was revealed that most types of undesirable vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in the Central part of Russia belong to Magnoliophyta (flowering, about 97 %) and Pinophyta (gymnosperms, about 3 %).It was revealed that most types of undesirable vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in the Central part of Russia belong to Magnoliophyta (flowering, about 97 %) and Pinophyta (gymnosperms, about 3 %). About 54 % of the protection zones of power lines and right of way of roads, as well as about 33 % of the right of way of railways in the Central part of Russia have a similar species composition of unwanted vegetation, however, the maximum similarity is not ensured by the location of sections of infrastructure facilities in close proximity to each other. For the protection zones of power lines, it is possible to determine the species composition of growing undesirable vegetation in one of these areas, followed by dissemination of the results of the study to another nearby area. For railroad right of way, such dissemination of the study results is inappropriate. In fact, on each of the sections of the right of way of roads and railways, as well as the routes of power transmission lines in Central Russia, such types of unwanted vegetation grow as ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L., with a share of participation in the studied plant communities from 6.3 % to 98.1 %) and smooth elm (Ulmus laevis Pall, with a share of 1.1 % to 41.1 %). Among the types of unwanted trees and shrubs most expected to grow in these territories, about 36 % are prone to their renewal by stump growth, about 42 % – by root offspring, about 22 % – by other means. To increase the efficiency of removing unwanted vegetation in order to properly maintain the territories of infrastructure facilities, it is recommended to apply methods and methods that provide for either mechanical removal of the specified vegetation along with its roots (for example, its uprooting), or a combined effect on it: removal of above-ground parts of vegetation in the fall with a mandatory subsequent spring her
{"title":"Assessment of the species diversity of vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in Central Russia","authors":"Aleksey Platonov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/12","url":null,"abstract":"When form protective forest stands along linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of subsequent spontaneous reproduction of trees and shrubs arises, littering the territories of the above facilities and creating a threat to the safety of their operation. Works on cleaning the territories of infrastructure facilities from unwanted tree and shrub vegetation are often organized without a sufficiently clear idea of the characteristics of the said vegetation to be removed, which negatively affects the quality of the performance of these works.The purpose of the research is to determine the species composition of undesirable plant communities that form on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in order to increase the efficiency of their removal and draw up recommendations for the proper maintenance of these territories. It was revealed that most types of undesirable vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in the Central part of Russia belong to Magnoliophyta (flowering, about 97 %) and Pinophyta (gymnosperms, about 3 %).It was revealed that most types of undesirable vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in the Central part of Russia belong to Magnoliophyta (flowering, about 97 %) and Pinophyta (gymnosperms, about 3 %). About 54 % of the protection zones of power lines and right of way of roads, as well as about 33 % of the right of way of railways in the Central part of Russia have a similar species composition of unwanted vegetation, however, the maximum similarity is not ensured by the location of sections of infrastructure facilities in close proximity to each other. For the protection zones of power lines, it is possible to determine the species composition of growing undesirable vegetation in one of these areas, followed by dissemination of the results of the study to another nearby area. For railroad right of way, such dissemination of the study results is inappropriate. In fact, on each of the sections of the right of way of roads and railways, as well as the routes of power transmission lines in Central Russia, such types of unwanted vegetation grow as ash-leaved maple (Acer negundo L., with a share of participation in the studied plant communities from 6.3 % to 98.1 %) and smooth elm (Ulmus laevis Pall, with a share of 1.1 % to 41.1 %). Among the types of unwanted trees and shrubs most expected to grow in these territories, about 36 % are prone to their renewal by stump growth, about 42 % – by root offspring, about 22 % – by other means. To increase the efficiency of removing unwanted vegetation in order to properly maintain the territories of infrastructure facilities, it is recommended to apply methods and methods that provide for either mechanical removal of the specified vegetation along with its roots (for example, its uprooting), or a combined effect on it: removal of above-ground parts of vegetation in the fall with a mandatory subsequent spring her","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/10
Vasiliy Slavskiy, Darya Litovchenko, Aleksey Mironenko, Nikolay Kharchenko, Zoran Govedar
Modern research in the forestry industry is increasingly focused on digitalization and remote sensingEarth. One of the promising areas is the formation of a digital terrain model and its subsequent study. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to identify relationships and establish dependencies between the parameters of the relief and forest conditions for the accelerated determination of key forestry and landscape characteristics, incl. using remote methods. The objects of the study were forest plantations located in the Prigorodnoye forestry of the Voronezh region. The formation of a digital terrain model was carried out on the basis of aviation and space monitoring materials using specialized software. In the course of the work, features of the terrain were identified that potentially affect the formation of growing conditions, and tabular analytical materials were compiled that allow taking into account landscape factors on a per-allocation basis. Data on the average slope steepness, slope exposure azimuth and height above sea level of each section in degrees were obtained and their statistical parameters were analyzed.A correlation was established between the forest typological component, which characterizes the moisture content of the soil and the height of the site above sea level (0.23-0.29), as well as the steepness of the slopes (0.30-0.32). The results of the research indicate that such a trend can be traced even with insignificant elevation changes and slope steepness, which are typical for the Prigorodnoye forestry. Wetter soil conditions in the territory of the study region (A3, B3, C3) are located on micro depressions or have groundwater close to the surface. The revealed pattern will make it possible to carry out an accelerated determination of growing conditions by a remote method based on terrain indicators and consider the proposed methods as potential tools for forest accounting.
{"title":"Studying the relationship between terrain parameters and growth conditions in the Voronezh region","authors":"Vasiliy Slavskiy, Darya Litovchenko, Aleksey Mironenko, Nikolay Kharchenko, Zoran Govedar","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/10","url":null,"abstract":"Modern research in the forestry industry is increasingly focused on digitalization and remote sensingEarth. One of the promising areas is the formation of a digital terrain model and its subsequent study. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to identify relationships and establish dependencies between the parameters of the relief and forest conditions for the accelerated determination of key forestry and landscape characteristics, incl. using remote methods. The objects of the study were forest plantations located in the Prigorodnoye forestry of the Voronezh region. The formation of a digital terrain model was carried out on the basis of aviation and space monitoring materials using specialized software. In the course of the work, features of the terrain were identified that potentially affect the formation of growing conditions, and tabular analytical materials were compiled that allow taking into account landscape factors on a per-allocation basis. Data on the average slope steepness, slope exposure azimuth and height above sea level of each section in degrees were obtained and their statistical parameters were analyzed.A correlation was established between the forest typological component, which characterizes the moisture content of the soil and the height of the site above sea level (0.23-0.29), as well as the steepness of the slopes (0.30-0.32). The results of the research indicate that such a trend can be traced even with insignificant elevation changes and slope steepness, which are typical for the Prigorodnoye forestry. Wetter soil conditions in the territory of the study region (A3, B3, C3) are located on micro depressions or have groundwater close to the surface. The revealed pattern will make it possible to carry out an accelerated determination of growing conditions by a remote method based on terrain indicators and consider the proposed methods as potential tools for forest accounting.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/6
Olga Grigoreva, Oleg Grinko, Igor' Grigor'ev, Evgeny Kalita, Evgeniy Tihonov
Forest fires are one of the most acute problems of the forest complex of the Russian Federation. On the one hand, most of the natural coniferous forests of the boreal zone have pyrogenic origin, and forest fires are a natural component of the successions of coniferous forests. On the other hand, forest fires cause great damage, consisting in the costs of extinguishing them, burnt material values, including damaged stands on the root, as well as environmental damage - pollution of the air basin over large areas, pollution of runoff into reservoirs, etc. Different tree species, in different forest growing conditions, react differently to the pyrogenic effects of different intensities. A striking example is the larch forests of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), growing on permafrost, and very well adapted to fairly frequent wildfires. The adoption of management decisions on the types and methods of reforestation after forest fires of various intensity should be based on predictive models of the course of natural reforestation. To compile such a model for the forests of the Irkutsk region, full-scale experimental studies were carried out, consisting in the examination of hares of different years, after forest fires of varying intensity. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data obtained, mathematical dependences of the development of a multicomponent forest ecosystem, including coniferous and deciduous trees of the younger, middle and older age groups, presented in this article, were compiled. The work was carried out within the framework of the scientific school "Innovative developments in the field of logging industry and forestry" of the Arctic State Agrotechnological University.
{"title":"Predictive model of post-fire reforestation in the Irkutsk region","authors":"Olga Grigoreva, Oleg Grinko, Igor' Grigor'ev, Evgeny Kalita, Evgeniy Tihonov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/6","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are one of the most acute problems of the forest complex of the Russian Federation. On the one hand, most of the natural coniferous forests of the boreal zone have pyrogenic origin, and forest fires are a natural component of the successions of coniferous forests. On the other hand, forest fires cause great damage, consisting in the costs of extinguishing them, burnt material values, including damaged stands on the root, as well as environmental damage - pollution of the air basin over large areas, pollution of runoff into reservoirs, etc. Different tree species, in different forest growing conditions, react differently to the pyrogenic effects of different intensities. A striking example is the larch forests of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), growing on permafrost, and very well adapted to fairly frequent wildfires. The adoption of management decisions on the types and methods of reforestation after forest fires of various intensity should be based on predictive models of the course of natural reforestation. To compile such a model for the forests of the Irkutsk region, full-scale experimental studies were carried out, consisting in the examination of hares of different years, after forest fires of varying intensity. As a result of statistical processing of the experimental data obtained, mathematical dependences of the development of a multicomponent forest ecosystem, including coniferous and deciduous trees of the younger, middle and older age groups, presented in this article, were compiled. The work was carried out within the framework of the scientific school \"Innovative developments in the field of logging industry and forestry\" of the Arctic State Agrotechnological University.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/13
Alina Popikova, Andrey Konyuhov, Sergei Popikov
Currently, in the forest complex, the working conditions of lifting and transport machines (PTM): self-propelled manipulator-type loaders are characterized by intensive technological loads, high speeds of lifting and moving loads, while the required resource characteristics are not always provided. The durability of PTM is mainly determined by the durability of the supporting metal structure. The analysis of various methods for assessing the reliability of PTM metal structures, taking into account the fatigue strength of the material, is given. It is established that one of the ways of designing structures with a minimum mass is to increase the design resistances of materials, however, the margin factor is inconvenient for assessing the readiness of the structure for operation. It is necessary to create a more universal criterion – the probability of failure. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology and algorithm for quantifying the probability of safe operation of a metal structure, taking into account the reduction in load-bearing capacity. To study the fatigue strength indicators of crane beams of forest complex machines and the factors influencing it, a crane of various lifting capacities of 32/5 tons is considered. The calculation of the fatigue strength of the metal structure of the crane was made. The number of loading cycles in the 3K operating mode after the expiration of 5 years is N=3,0∙10^5. With the material used, steel C255 [GOST 27772-88] with a temporary Run=380 MPa and a calculated Rv fatigue resistance taken depending on the temporary resistance of steel Run, therefore, Rv=120 MPa, fatigue strength was from 328.88 MPa to 167.98 MPa for various time intervals of 5-50 years. The calculated dependences of the safety coefficient on the operating time of the crane with a lifting capacity of 32/5 tons, depending on the operating mode of the crane from 7.9 to 2.01, are obtained. The results obtained can be used in the design of PTM metal structures also in construction and agriculture.
{"title":"Assessment of the reliability of metal structures of lifting and transport machines of the forest complex, taking into account the fatigue strength of the material","authors":"Alina Popikova, Andrey Konyuhov, Sergei Popikov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/13","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in the forest complex, the working conditions of lifting and transport machines (PTM): self-propelled manipulator-type loaders are characterized by intensive technological loads, high speeds of lifting and moving loads, while the required resource characteristics are not always provided. The durability of PTM is mainly determined by the durability of the supporting metal structure. The analysis of various methods for assessing the reliability of PTM metal structures, taking into account the fatigue strength of the material, is given. It is established that one of the ways of designing structures with a minimum mass is to increase the design resistances of materials, however, the margin factor is inconvenient for assessing the readiness of the structure for operation. It is necessary to create a more universal criterion – the probability of failure. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology and algorithm for quantifying the probability of safe operation of a metal structure, taking into account the reduction in load-bearing capacity. To study the fatigue strength indicators of crane beams of forest complex machines and the factors influencing it, a crane of various lifting capacities of 32/5 tons is considered. The calculation of the fatigue strength of the metal structure of the crane was made. The number of loading cycles in the 3K operating mode after the expiration of 5 years is N=3,0∙10^5. With the material used, steel C255 [GOST 27772-88] with a temporary Run=380 MPa and a calculated Rv fatigue resistance taken depending on the temporary resistance of steel Run, therefore, Rv=120 MPa, fatigue strength was from 328.88 MPa to 167.98 MPa for various time intervals of 5-50 years. The calculated dependences of the safety coefficient on the operating time of the crane with a lifting capacity of 32/5 tons, depending on the operating mode of the crane from 7.9 to 2.01, are obtained. The results obtained can be used in the design of PTM metal structures also in construction and agriculture.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/11
Vadim Nikonov, Valeriy Posmetev, V. Zelikov, Viktor Posmetev, Aleksey Chuykov
This article solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of logging road trains in conditions of insufficiently equipped logging roads. Experience in the operation of road trains on such logging roads shows that on these roads the transport and operational qualities of logging road trains are low. The relevance of the scientific direction, aimed at achieving the fuel efficiency of logging road trains and thus increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of logging enterprises, is substantiated. An analysis of the work of foreign scientists is presented, which made it possible to identify significant factors that largely determine the efficiency of the process of hauling timber by timber road trains. A promising design of the coupling device is proposed, which allows converting and usefully using the kinetic energy of the mass of the trailer with timber, which occurs during the movement of a road train along insufficiently equipped logging roads in unsteady and transient traffic modes. The study was based on mathematical and simulation modeling, numerical methods, as well as modern methods for obtaining and processing information with computer support. A mathematical model and a computer program for the movement of a timber road train under changing road conditions have been developed. Computer simulation made it possible to carry out a preliminary assessment of the performance of the proposed pneumohydraulic coupling device with recuperative and damper mechanisms by identifying and analyzing dependencies characterizing the change in the studied performance indicators on the driving conditions of the road train and the design parameters of the device. It has been established that the coupling device during the movement of a logging road train in difficult road conditions at a speed of 30 km/h makes it possible to recuperate up to 7 kW, while the value of the longitudinal acceleration of the trailer link relative to the logging vehicle does not exceed 0.83 m/s2. It is determined that the value of the optimal diameter of the recuperative hydraulic cylinder is 80 ... 100 mm, and the optimal piston stroke is 83 ... 100 mm. In this case, the average power recuperated by the device will be at least 7 kW, and the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer will be no more than 0.8 m/s2. It was found that the developed recuperation system remains effective in a wide range of roughness heights of 0.2 ... 0.4 m, providing a recuperated power of 2.3 ... 19.7 kW, respectively, with an acceptable average longitudinal acceleration of 0.3 ... 2.2 m/s2. The results obtained will be used as recommendations for designers to refine the proposed coupling device at the design stage.
{"title":"Optimization of the design parameters of the regenerative hitch installed in a logging vehicle with a trailer","authors":"Vadim Nikonov, Valeriy Posmetev, V. Zelikov, Viktor Posmetev, Aleksey Chuykov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/11","url":null,"abstract":"This article solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of logging road trains in conditions of insufficiently equipped logging roads. Experience in the operation of road trains on such logging roads shows that on these roads the transport and operational qualities of logging road trains are low. The relevance of the scientific direction, aimed at achieving the fuel efficiency of logging road trains and thus increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of logging enterprises, is substantiated. An analysis of the work of foreign scientists is presented, which made it possible to identify significant factors that largely determine the efficiency of the process of hauling timber by timber road trains. A promising design of the coupling device is proposed, which allows converting and usefully using the kinetic energy of the mass of the trailer with timber, which occurs during the movement of a road train along insufficiently equipped logging roads in unsteady and transient traffic modes. The study was based on mathematical and simulation modeling, numerical methods, as well as modern methods for obtaining and processing information with computer support. A mathematical model and a computer program for the movement of a timber road train under changing road conditions have been developed. Computer simulation made it possible to carry out a preliminary assessment of the performance of the proposed pneumohydraulic coupling device with recuperative and damper mechanisms by identifying and analyzing dependencies characterizing the change in the studied performance indicators on the driving conditions of the road train and the design parameters of the device. It has been established that the coupling device during the movement of a logging road train in difficult road conditions at a speed of 30 km/h makes it possible to recuperate up to 7 kW, while the value of the longitudinal acceleration of the trailer link relative to the logging vehicle does not exceed 0.83 m/s2. It is determined that the value of the optimal diameter of the recuperative hydraulic cylinder is 80 ... 100 mm, and the optimal piston stroke is 83 ... 100 mm. In this case, the average power recuperated by the device will be at least 7 kW, and the average longitudinal acceleration of the trailer will be no more than 0.8 m/s2. It was found that the developed recuperation system remains effective in a wide range of roughness heights of 0.2 ... 0.4 m, providing a recuperated power of 2.3 ... 19.7 kW, respectively, with an acceptable average longitudinal acceleration of 0.3 ... 2.2 m/s2. The results obtained will be used as recommendations for designers to refine the proposed coupling device at the design stage.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/5
Nataliia Beliaeva, Arthur Novikov, Dmitriy Danilov, Samer Alkinj
Artificial plantations of Brutia pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in the conditions of two regions of Syria – the provinces of Latakia and Tartus – grow at different heights above sea level. At the research objects, accounting sites of a constant radius of 400 square meter were laid, arranged over an area in such a way as to cover the statistical variability of the studied taxation indicators. The distribution rows of tree trunks at a height of 1.3 m were ranked after 5 cm with the analysis of the indicators of symmetry and kurtosis of rank rows. The taxation indicators of the heights and diameters of the trunks of the trees of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) in its plantations have a direct correlation of varying strength with both the height of the site above sea level and the amount of precipitation. The indicator of the planting stock has the greatest direct correlation from the height of the plot above sea level and the amount of precipitation, in comparison with the indicator of the average diameter of the stands of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.). The rank structure of the diameters of the trunks of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) has its own fundamental differences associated with the placement of growing areas above sea level. With an increase in the height above sea level of the plantation area, the number of trees with larger trunks in the plantation increases. An analysis of the asymmetry and excesses of the distribution series of diameters of trunks of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) revealed that a decrease in the competitive load in plantations of this species is associated with an increase in altitude above sea level. The most optimal conditions for the growth of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) are on the highest site relative to sea level. The limiting factor in these conditions of growth on infertile soils will be the moisture availability of the site.
{"title":"Taxation structure of Brutia pine (Pinus brutia TEN.) in Syria depending on orographic conditions","authors":"Nataliia Beliaeva, Arthur Novikov, Dmitriy Danilov, Samer Alkinj","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/5","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial plantations of Brutia pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) in the conditions of two regions of Syria – the provinces of Latakia and Tartus – grow at different heights above sea level. At the research objects, accounting sites of a constant radius of 400 square meter were laid, arranged over an area in such a way as to cover the statistical variability of the studied taxation indicators. The distribution rows of tree trunks at a height of 1.3 m were ranked after 5 cm with the analysis of the indicators of symmetry and kurtosis of rank rows. The taxation indicators of the heights and diameters of the trunks of the trees of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) in its plantations have a direct correlation of varying strength with both the height of the site above sea level and the amount of precipitation. The indicator of the planting stock has the greatest direct correlation from the height of the plot above sea level and the amount of precipitation, in comparison with the indicator of the average diameter of the stands of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.). The rank structure of the diameters of the trunks of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) has its own fundamental differences associated with the placement of growing areas above sea level. With an increase in the height above sea level of the plantation area, the number of trees with larger trunks in the plantation increases. An analysis of the asymmetry and excesses of the distribution series of diameters of trunks of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) revealed that a decrease in the competitive load in plantations of this species is associated with an increase in altitude above sea level. The most optimal conditions for the growth of the Brutia pine (P. brutia Ten.) are on the highest site relative to sea level. The limiting factor in these conditions of growth on infertile soils will be the moisture availability of the site.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/2
Arthur Novikov, Siarhei Rabko, Tatyana Novikova, E. Petrishchev
A comprehensive indicator of predicting the quality of planting material at the time of planting – the Dickson quality Index (DQI) – is currently widely represented in studies of the growth and development of forest crops, but is not limited to them. Based on the systematization of data to a depth of 10 years returned by the term [Scholar Query = "Dickson quality index"], on the dynamics of the Dickson quality index depending on the criteria of technological impact on seeds and seedlings (seedlings), a hierarchical classification was carried out using the method of the most distant neighbors to describe the similarity between the criteria. Data grouping was performed using the square of the Euclidean distance. The change in the DQI index in most cases can be approximated by a second-order polynomial. The technological impact on seeds before sowing on the basis of the convergence and difference method is significantly (p < 0.05) allocated to a separate cluster (the square of the Euclidean distance is 4), which suggests a possible contribution to the assessment of the quality of planting material using DQI. In future studies, it is planned to get an answer to the question: what effect does the separation of seeds by spectrometric properties have on the dynamics of the DQI index in the process of ontogenesis? How does the dimensionality of the ratio of plant height to the diameter of the root neck affect the accuracy of the DQI estimate?
{"title":"Dickson Quality Index: relation to technological impact on forest seeds","authors":"Arthur Novikov, Siarhei Rabko, Tatyana Novikova, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/2","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive indicator of predicting the quality of planting material at the time of planting – the Dickson quality Index (DQI) – is currently widely represented in studies of the growth and development of forest crops, but is not limited to them. Based on the systematization of data to a depth of 10 years returned by the term [Scholar Query = \"Dickson quality index\"], on the dynamics of the Dickson quality index depending on the criteria of technological impact on seeds and seedlings (seedlings), a hierarchical classification was carried out using the method of the most distant neighbors to describe the similarity between the criteria. Data grouping was performed using the square of the Euclidean distance. The change in the DQI index in most cases can be approximated by a second-order polynomial. The technological impact on seeds before sowing on the basis of the convergence and difference method is significantly (p < 0.05) allocated to a separate cluster (the square of the Euclidean distance is 4), which suggests a possible contribution to the assessment of the quality of planting material using DQI. In future studies, it is planned to get an answer to the question: what effect does the separation of seeds by spectrometric properties have on the dynamics of the DQI index in the process of ontogenesis? How does the dimensionality of the ratio of plant height to the diameter of the root neck affect the accuracy of the DQI estimate?","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135960533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/1
A. Tsarev, R. Tsareva, V. Tsarev, Elena Myakotnikova, Raisa Momot
In world practice, there is an example of a sudden defeat of the best most productive poplar in Italy ‘I-214’ (‘Glory of Italy’), which in many European countries occupied up to 35% of poplar plantations. The defeat of leaf rust Marsonina brunnea for several years completely destroyed the plantings of this variety of poplar. This catastrophe led to the formation of an approach that when creating plantings, it is necessary to use not one, even the best variety or clone, but several. There were proposals to plant at least 30-50 different clones, hybrids and varieties in close ecological conditions of the growing place. Such approaches began to spread not only in Western Europe, but also in other countries, including the Soviet Union and Russia. Reproduction of intersectional hybrids of poplars (Eupopulus L.) was carried out in production nurseries of the Voronezh and Lipetsk regions. Analysis of the results of hybridization of poplars (balsamic × black and black × balsamic) showed that the survival rate of hybrid seedlings in the Semiluk collection No. 1 was (85-100%). Their safety by the age of 21 has decreased to 45-74%. According to the results of long-term observations, the average biometric growth indicators in height and diameter increased from 5.9 to 14.0 cm and from 8.6 to 24.4 m, respectively. The results of studies of 16 new intersectional hybrids show that the trunk volumes at the age of 21 ranged from 0.151 to 0.753 m3. In the future, it is planned to submit three candidates for varieties to the State Commission for Variety Testing of the Russian Federation: ‘Versiya', ‘Stroyn’ and ‘Borey’.
{"title":"New intersectional hybrids of Eupopulus L.","authors":"A. Tsarev, R. Tsareva, V. Tsarev, Elena Myakotnikova, Raisa Momot","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/1","url":null,"abstract":"In world practice, there is an example of a sudden defeat of the best most productive poplar in Italy ‘I-214’ (‘Glory of Italy’), which in many European countries occupied up to 35% of poplar plantations. The defeat of leaf rust Marsonina brunnea for several years completely destroyed the plantings of this variety of poplar. This catastrophe led to \u0000the formation of an approach that when creating plantings, it is necessary to use not one, even the best variety or clone, but several. There were proposals to plant at least 30-50 different clones, hybrids and varieties in close ecological conditions of the growing place. Such approaches began to spread not only in Western Europe, but also in other countries, including the Soviet Union and Russia. Reproduction of intersectional hybrids of poplars (Eupopulus L.) was carried out in production nurseries of the Voronezh and Lipetsk regions. Analysis of the results of hybridization of poplars (balsamic × black and black × balsamic) showed that the survival rate of hybrid seedlings in the Semiluk collection No. 1 was (85-100%). Their safety by the age of 21 has decreased to 45-74%. According to the results of long-term observations, the average biometric growth indicators in height and diameter increased from 5.9 to 14.0 cm and from 8.6 to 24.4 m, respectively. The results of studies of 16 new intersectional hybrids show that the trunk volumes at the age of 21 ranged from 0.151 to 0.753 m3. In the future, it is planned to submit three candidates for varieties to the State Commission for Variety Testing of the Russian Federation: ‘Versiya', ‘Stroyn’ and ‘Borey’.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85161012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ground cover in the forest plant community is the most dynamic structure. We analyzed the ground cover in the pre- and post-fire period in the forest community of a pine forest of natural origin, not damaged by fires, but located on the border of the harem. The study was carried out in biotopes of pine forest (Voronezh region, Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of Voronezh State Forestry Engineering University named after G.F. Morozov) by describing the ground cover of the transect in several types of forest of areas undamaged by fire: dry forest, raw forest, subor. Over the past decade, the total number of ground cover species in the pine forest has been preserved (63 species), their species composition is changing. The greatest species diversity is characteristic of suborea. By 2022, steppe and meadow plants, primarily cereals, will appear in the flora, which indicates a change in environmental conditions. Ground lichens have completely disappeared, as well as 19 species of indicator plants, six of which are included in the Red Book of the Voronezh Region. There was a change in the structure of plant groups. Along with the indicator species, meadow and steppe species appear in the groups. The total projective coverage of the ground cover decreased from 80 to 68 %, as well as the projective coverage of the thicket (from 60 to 50%), mosses (from 80 to 70%), lingonberries (from 40 to 30%) in groups.
{"title":"Dynamics of the pine forest ground cover in the forest-steppe zone after fires","authors":"Valentina Popova, Anna Popova, Anastasiya Kondrat'eva, Aleksey Tseplyaev, Gennadiy Klimchik, Olesya Bel’china","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.1/3","url":null,"abstract":"The ground cover in the forest plant community is the most dynamic structure. We analyzed the ground cover in the pre- and post-fire period in the forest community of a pine forest of natural origin, not damaged by fires, but located on the border of the harem. The study was carried out in biotopes of pine forest (Voronezh region, Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of Voronezh State Forestry Engineering University named after G.F. Morozov) by describing the ground cover of the transect in several types of forest of areas undamaged by fire: dry forest, raw forest, subor. Over the past decade, the total number of ground cover species in the pine forest has been preserved (63 species), their species composition is changing. The greatest species diversity is characteristic of suborea. By 2022, steppe and meadow plants, primarily cereals, will appear in the flora, which indicates a change in environmental conditions. Ground lichens have completely disappeared, as well as 19 species of indicator plants, six of which are included in the Red Book of the Voronezh Region. There was a change in the structure of plant groups. Along with the indicator species, meadow and steppe species appear in the groups. The total projective coverage of the ground cover decreased from 80 to 68 %, as well as the projective coverage of the thicket (from 60 to 50%), mosses (from 80 to 70%), lingonberries (from 40 to 30%) in groups.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136215793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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