Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/12
A. Platonov, S. Snegireva, E. Kantieva, A. Kiseleva
The forest fire has an effect on the tree trunk. Of the total number of fires in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, strong grass-roots fires prevail. As a result of this type of fire, the undergrowth burns out, which contributes to the most prolonged exposure to high temperature on the lumpy, economically valuable part of the trunk. The effect of high temperature affects the structure of the anatomical elements of wood, its integrity is violated. In the standing timber of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) destructive processes occur after fire damage, which have a significant effect on its physico-mechanical properties and are accompanied by intensive tar formation. One of the primary processes in wood processing technology is its dehydration, as a result of which wood is transformed from a natural material into a technological raw material. Therefore, the application of existing technological drying modes to wood damaged by fire is impractical. It is impossible to carry out the processes of dehydration or humidification of wood without information about the value of its moisture conductivity. The moisture conductivity of wood is determined by the moisture conductivity coefficient. The value of the moisture conductivity coefficient of samples of fire-damaged and undamaged P. sylvestris heartwood extracted from the stemwood was determined by the method of stationary moisture flow in the radial and tangential directions. In comparison with the intact Scots pine wood, wood damaged by fire has an inverse dependence of the intensity of the moisture current – in the tangential direction it is higher than in the radial direction. There is a general decrease in the moisture conductivity coefficient of pine wood: in the radial direction – by 40.2 ± 1.58% (p < 0.05), in the tangential direction – by 14.5 ± 0.92% (p < 0.05) compared with intact wood. Patterns of changes in the value of the heartwood coefficient of moisture conductivity in standing pine, damaged by fire, will allow to adjust the existing drying modes and improve the quality of the dried wood and the efficiency of the softwood kiln drying technology.
{"title":"Heartwood moisture conductivity of standing pine damaged by running crown and strong surface wildfire","authors":"A. Platonov, S. Snegireva, E. Kantieva, A. Kiseleva","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/12","url":null,"abstract":"The forest fire has an effect on the tree trunk. Of the total number of fires in the forest-steppe zone of Russia, strong grass-roots fires prevail. As a result of this type of fire, the undergrowth burns out, which contributes to the most prolonged exposure to high temperature on the lumpy, economically valuable part of the trunk. The effect of high temperature affects the structure of the anatomical elements of wood, its integrity is violated. In the standing timber of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) destructive processes occur after fire damage, which have a significant effect on its physico-mechanical properties and are accompanied by intensive tar formation. One of the primary processes in wood processing technology is its dehydration, as a result of which wood is transformed from a natural material into a technological raw material. Therefore, the application of existing technological drying modes to wood damaged by fire is impractical. It is impossible to carry out the processes of dehydration or humidification of wood without information about the value of its moisture conductivity. The moisture conductivity of wood is determined by the moisture conductivity coefficient. The value of the moisture conductivity coefficient of samples of fire-damaged and undamaged P. sylvestris heartwood \u0000extracted from the stemwood was determined by the method of stationary moisture flow in the radial and tangential directions. In comparison with the intact Scots pine wood, wood damaged by fire has an inverse dependence of the intensity of the moisture current – in the tangential direction it is higher than in the radial direction. There is a general decrease in the moisture conductivity coefficient of pine wood: in the radial direction – by 40.2 ± 1.58% (p < 0.05), in the tangential direction – by 14.5 ± 0.92% (p < 0.05) compared with intact wood. Patterns of changes in the value of the heartwood coefficient of moisture conductivity in standing pine, damaged by fire, will allow to adjust the existing drying modes and improve the quality of the dried wood and the efficiency of the softwood kiln drying technology.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"60 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/10
Vladislav Martynov, M. Lisyatnikov, A. Lukina, S. Roshchina
Caring for natural resources is one of the most important components of the sustainable development of the national economy of the Russian Federation. This is facilitated by the use of low-grade wood, including fire-damaged wood, as a structural material, which will reduce the cost of producing laminated wood structures (GWB) through the use of cheaper raw materials. Based on a systematic analysis of sources and our own empirical research, the features of a new technology for manufacturing laminated wood beams with a span of 6.0 m using wood damaged by fire from a forest fire are presented. This study is aimed at reducing the material intensity of laminated timber structures through the partial use of low-grade wood without reducing the load-bearing capacity of the beams. It was found that when replacing 36% of the middle lamellas in the cross-section with thermally damaged wood, the reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the beam structure relative to a beam made entirely of grade I wood was 9.7%, and when replacing 62% of the wood – 16.06%. The use of thermally damaged wood in the manufacture of laminated wood structures will significantly reduce the use of high-grade lumber with some changes in the technological process that do not lead to an increase in its cost. Using the positive experience of testing beam FDCs, it is planned to further study the use of thermally damaged wood in compression-bending structures.
{"title":"Manufacturing technology of glued wooden structures with the use of wood damaged by the fire impact of a forest fire","authors":"Vladislav Martynov, M. Lisyatnikov, A. Lukina, S. Roshchina","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/10","url":null,"abstract":"Caring for natural resources is one of the most important components of the sustainable development of the \u0000national economy of the Russian Federation. This is facilitated by the use of low-grade wood, including fire-damaged \u0000wood, as a structural material, which will reduce the cost of producing laminated wood structures (GWB) through the use \u0000of cheaper raw materials. Based on a systematic analysis of sources and our own empirical research, the features of a new \u0000technology for manufacturing laminated wood beams with a span of 6.0 m using wood damaged by fire from a forest fire \u0000are presented. This study is aimed at reducing the material intensity of laminated timber structures through the partial use \u0000of low-grade wood without reducing the load-bearing capacity of the beams. It was found that when replacing 36% of the \u0000middle lamellas in the cross-section with thermally damaged wood, the reduction in the load-bearing capacity of the beam \u0000structure relative to a beam made entirely of grade I wood was 9.7%, and when replacing 62% of the wood – 16.06%. \u0000The use of thermally damaged wood in the manufacture of laminated wood structures will significantly reduce the use of \u0000high-grade lumber with some changes in the technological process that do not lead to an increase in its cost. Using the \u0000positive experience of testing beam FDCs, it is planned to further study the use of thermally damaged wood in compression-bending structures.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"46 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/13
Alena Kochubey, Olga Cherepanova, Irina Petrova
The Trans-Ural region is the southern point of the common heather (C. vulgaris) range. Field ecophysiological study of C. vulgaris plants transpiration intensity (IT) was carried out in connection with the problem of marginal populations adaptation to arid climate. The research was carried out in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Ural region (Kurgan region), where an abundant population of heather grows. The dailyvariation of IT was studied taking into account a set of recorded ecoclimate limiting factors (wind speed, illumination, dynamics of air temperature and humidity, soil temperature) during one growing season (from April to September 2016) under the canopy of a pine forest and in the adjacent clearing. To study IT, annual apical shoots of plants 4 cm long were used in triplicate for each time period. The total sample size on one day of measurements ranged from 30-35 shoots. The transpiration rate was determined by the rapid weighing method, which takes into account the water lost by the shoot over a certain time period. When processing the data, we used correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient r), which made it possible to clarify the strength and direction of two continuous (metric) variables interaction. Differences in IT daily changes were revealed in plants growing under the forest canopy and in the open areas. Under conditions of long-term atmospheric and soil drought, which is common for the region, in 2016 a sharp decrease in heather water content was observed, starting from 10 a.m. throughout the entire growing season, with the exception of April, when the moisture deficit in the soil and heather tissues was still minimal. In May, maximum IT values in the clearing were noted at 14:00 (8.5 mg/h×10 –4) whereas under the canopy of the tree stand, peak IT values begin at 10 a.m. (12.7 mg/h×10 –4). Daytime summer transpiration in common heather (C. vulgaris) is even less intense than spring transpiration ((3–5 mg/h×10–4).It was revealed that meteorological factors play a decisive role in IT in various types of forest. In open felled areas, the determining factor is PAR (0.81, p < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, atmospheric temperature (0.69, p < 0.05), and under the canopy - only PAR (0.96, p <0.05). A decrease in IT and, accordingly, photosynthesis leads to a decrease in the population’s vitality and non-ripening of seeds, which is an ecophysiological factor of the heather absence south of Kurgan city.
{"title":"Daily and season transpiration intensive of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill in the trans-Ural south area","authors":"Alena Kochubey, Olga Cherepanova, Irina Petrova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/13","url":null,"abstract":"The Trans-Ural region is the southern point of the common heather (C. vulgaris) range. Field ecophysiological \u0000study of C. vulgaris plants transpiration intensity (IT) was carried out in connection with the problem of marginal populations adaptation to arid climate. The research was carried out in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Ural region (Kurgan \u0000region), where an abundant population of heather grows. The dailyvariation of IT was studied taking into account a set \u0000of recorded ecoclimate limiting factors (wind speed, illumination, dynamics of air temperature and humidity, soil temperature) during one growing season (from April to September 2016) under the canopy of a pine forest and in the adjacent \u0000clearing. To study IT, annual apical shoots of plants 4 cm long were used in triplicate for each time period. The total \u0000sample size on one day of measurements ranged from 30-35 shoots. The transpiration rate was determined by the rapid \u0000weighing method, which takes into account the water lost by the shoot over a certain time period. When processing the \u0000data, we used correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient r), which made it possible to clarify the strength and \u0000direction of two continuous (metric) variables interaction. Differences in IT daily changes were revealed in plants growing \u0000under the forest canopy and in the open areas. Under conditions of long-term atmospheric and soil drought, which is \u0000common for the region, in 2016 a sharp decrease in heather water content was observed, starting from 10 a.m. throughout \u0000the entire growing season, with the exception of April, when the moisture deficit in the soil and heather tissues was still \u0000minimal. In May, maximum IT values in the clearing were noted at 14:00 (8.5 mg/h×10 –4) whereas under the canopy of \u0000the tree stand, peak IT values begin at 10 a.m. (12.7 mg/h×10 –4). Daytime summer transpiration in common heather (C. \u0000vulgaris) is even less intense than spring transpiration ((3–5 mg/h×10–4).It was revealed that meteorological factors play \u0000a decisive role in IT in various types of forest. In open felled areas, the determining factor is PAR (0.81, p < 0.05) and, to \u0000a lesser extent, atmospheric temperature (0.69, p < 0.05), and under the canopy - only PAR (0.96, p <0.05). A decrease \u0000in IT and, accordingly, photosynthesis leads to a decrease in the population’s vitality and non-ripening of seeds, which is \u0000an ecophysiological factor of the heather absence south of Kurgan city.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"124 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/7
Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, Viktor Lisitsyn, E. Petrishchev
The process of restoring forest landscapes in the context of global urbanization and deforestation of relict stands, as well as climate change, is complex and important for studying, planning stages and technological operations and predicting the results of vitality and growth of stands. To solve this problem, a reference information system for adaptive reforestation is being developed. In this paper, the modeling and description of the adaptive reforestation process is carried out using functional diagrams constructed using the IDEF0 methodology, and the description of the arrows of the context diagram with explanations of the processes is given in detail. For a detailed analysis of the subject area and modeling of the adaptive reforestation process, we decomposed the context diagram into diagram A1, which shows the implementation of the process of choosing a technology for the restoration of the forest landscape from the point of view of technology and technical means, and diagram A2, which examines the restoration technology from the point of view of several forestry descriptors, which takes into account the specifics of the industry. As a result of the simulation, diagrams A0, A1, A2 were obtained, which show a structured image of the system functions, information and objects connecting these functions.
{"title":"FLR-Library reference information system for adaptive forest restoration: the information model","authors":"Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, Viktor Lisitsyn, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/7","url":null,"abstract":"The process of restoring forest landscapes in the context of global urbanization and deforestation of relict stands, \u0000as well as climate change, is complex and important for studying, planning stages and technological operations and \u0000predicting the results of vitality and growth of stands. To solve this problem, a reference information system for adaptive \u0000reforestation is being developed. In this paper, the modeling and description of the adaptive reforestation process is carried \u0000out using functional diagrams constructed using the IDEF0 methodology, and the description of the arrows of the context \u0000diagram with explanations of the processes is given in detail. For a detailed analysis of the subject area and modeling of \u0000the adaptive reforestation process, we decomposed the context diagram into diagram A1, which shows the implementation \u0000of the process of choosing a technology for the restoration of the forest landscape from the point of view of technology \u0000and technical means, and diagram A2, which examines the restoration technology from the point of view of several \u0000forestry descriptors, which takes into account the specifics of the industry. As a result of the simulation, diagrams A0, \u0000A1, A2 were obtained, which show a structured image of the system functions, information and objects connecting these \u0000functions.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"63 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/13
Alena Kochubey, Olga Cherepanova, Irina Petrova
The Trans-Ural region is the southern point of the common heather (C. vulgaris) range. Field ecophysiological study of C. vulgaris plants transpiration intensity (IT) was carried out in connection with the problem of marginal populations adaptation to arid climate. The research was carried out in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Ural region (Kurgan region), where an abundant population of heather grows. The dailyvariation of IT was studied taking into account a set of recorded ecoclimate limiting factors (wind speed, illumination, dynamics of air temperature and humidity, soil temperature) during one growing season (from April to September 2016) under the canopy of a pine forest and in the adjacent clearing. To study IT, annual apical shoots of plants 4 cm long were used in triplicate for each time period. The total sample size on one day of measurements ranged from 30-35 shoots. The transpiration rate was determined by the rapid weighing method, which takes into account the water lost by the shoot over a certain time period. When processing the data, we used correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient r), which made it possible to clarify the strength and direction of two continuous (metric) variables interaction. Differences in IT daily changes were revealed in plants growing under the forest canopy and in the open areas. Under conditions of long-term atmospheric and soil drought, which is common for the region, in 2016 a sharp decrease in heather water content was observed, starting from 10 a.m. throughout the entire growing season, with the exception of April, when the moisture deficit in the soil and heather tissues was still minimal. In May, maximum IT values in the clearing were noted at 14:00 (8.5 mg/h×10 –4) whereas under the canopy of the tree stand, peak IT values begin at 10 a.m. (12.7 mg/h×10 –4). Daytime summer transpiration in common heather (C. vulgaris) is even less intense than spring transpiration ((3–5 mg/h×10–4).It was revealed that meteorological factors play a decisive role in IT in various types of forest. In open felled areas, the determining factor is PAR (0.81, p < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, atmospheric temperature (0.69, p < 0.05), and under the canopy - only PAR (0.96, p <0.05). A decrease in IT and, accordingly, photosynthesis leads to a decrease in the population’s vitality and non-ripening of seeds, which is an ecophysiological factor of the heather absence south of Kurgan city.
{"title":"Daily and season transpiration intensive of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill in the trans-Ural south area","authors":"Alena Kochubey, Olga Cherepanova, Irina Petrova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/13","url":null,"abstract":"The Trans-Ural region is the southern point of the common heather (C. vulgaris) range. Field ecophysiological \u0000study of C. vulgaris plants transpiration intensity (IT) was carried out in connection with the problem of marginal populations adaptation to arid climate. The research was carried out in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Ural region (Kurgan \u0000region), where an abundant population of heather grows. The dailyvariation of IT was studied taking into account a set \u0000of recorded ecoclimate limiting factors (wind speed, illumination, dynamics of air temperature and humidity, soil temperature) during one growing season (from April to September 2016) under the canopy of a pine forest and in the adjacent \u0000clearing. To study IT, annual apical shoots of plants 4 cm long were used in triplicate for each time period. The total \u0000sample size on one day of measurements ranged from 30-35 shoots. The transpiration rate was determined by the rapid \u0000weighing method, which takes into account the water lost by the shoot over a certain time period. When processing the \u0000data, we used correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient r), which made it possible to clarify the strength and \u0000direction of two continuous (metric) variables interaction. Differences in IT daily changes were revealed in plants growing \u0000under the forest canopy and in the open areas. Under conditions of long-term atmospheric and soil drought, which is \u0000common for the region, in 2016 a sharp decrease in heather water content was observed, starting from 10 a.m. throughout \u0000the entire growing season, with the exception of April, when the moisture deficit in the soil and heather tissues was still \u0000minimal. In May, maximum IT values in the clearing were noted at 14:00 (8.5 mg/h×10 –4) whereas under the canopy of \u0000the tree stand, peak IT values begin at 10 a.m. (12.7 mg/h×10 –4). Daytime summer transpiration in common heather (C. \u0000vulgaris) is even less intense than spring transpiration ((3–5 mg/h×10–4).It was revealed that meteorological factors play \u0000a decisive role in IT in various types of forest. In open felled areas, the determining factor is PAR (0.81, p < 0.05) and, to \u0000a lesser extent, atmospheric temperature (0.69, p < 0.05), and under the canopy - only PAR (0.96, p <0.05). A decrease \u0000in IT and, accordingly, photosynthesis leads to a decrease in the population’s vitality and non-ripening of seeds, which is \u0000an ecophysiological factor of the heather absence south of Kurgan city.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"52 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/1
Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, E. Petrishchev
Forest seeds spectral data in the visible and infrared regions of electromagnetic radiation lengths quite effectively differentiate the origin, viability, types of seeds, their infestation with pests and diseases, the ability to absorb and lose water. The search for a method of seed testing that is both experimentally simple, fast and effective for predicting germination is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of forest nurseries in the production of planting material. The retrospective references systematization (N = 55, 1998-2023, terms [Scholar Query = seeds* AND (spectr* OR optic*) (properties OR features) AND analysis]) into clusters was carried out on the basis of eight performance criteria represented by rank variables. The level of similarity and difference between clusters is determined by the method of the most distant neighbors with the grouping of data by the square of the Euclidean distance. The most distant criterion from other criteria is the level of invasiveness of testing (the square of the Euclidean distance is 25, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of nonparametric criteria indicates a direct strong interaction between the level of financial and organizational costs (Spearman coefficient ρ = 0.77; p = 0.0008), time costs and low machine learning capability (ρ = 0.725; p = 0.0008). In the future, it is planned to periodically supplement the set of systematic data to obtain an objective assessment of seed testing methods, as well as using a seed passport to evaluate the relationship of RGB spectral data of more than 1 000 individual seeds with early growth of seedlings in a post-pyrogenic experimental site of the forest landscape of the Voronezh region by example (Pinus sylvestris L. var. Negorelskaya).
{"title":"Studying the spectrometric features of forest seeds to improve sowing qualities: a retrospective cluster analysis of the scientific landscape trends","authors":"Tatyana Novikova, A. Novikov, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/1","url":null,"abstract":"Forest seeds spectral data in the visible and infrared regions of electromagnetic radiation lengths quite effectively \u0000differentiate the origin, viability, types of seeds, their infestation with pests and diseases, the ability to absorb and lose \u0000water. The search for a method of seed testing that is both experimentally simple, fast and effective for predicting germination is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of forest nurseries in the production of planting material. The retrospective references systematization (N = 55, 1998-2023, terms [Scholar Query = seeds* AND (spectr* OR optic*) (properties OR features) AND analysis]) into clusters was carried out on the basis of eight performance criteria represented by \u0000rank variables. The level of similarity and difference between clusters is determined by the method of the most distant \u0000neighbors with the grouping of data by the square of the Euclidean distance. The most distant criterion from other criteria \u0000is the level of invasiveness of testing (the square of the Euclidean distance is 25, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis of nonparametric criteria indicates a direct strong interaction between the level of financial and organizational costs (Spearman \u0000coefficient ρ = 0.77; p = 0.0008), time costs and low machine learning capability (ρ = 0.725; p = 0.0008). In the future, it \u0000is planned to periodically supplement the set of systematic data to obtain an objective assessment of seed testing methods, \u0000as well as using a seed passport to evaluate the relationship of RGB spectral data of more than 1 000 individual seeds \u0000with early growth of seedlings in a post-pyrogenic experimental site of the forest landscape of the Voronezh region by \u0000example (Pinus sylvestris L. var. Negorelskaya).","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2
A. Tyurin, Alexander Samodurov, D. Golovin, M. Yunak, Viktor Korenkov, Petr Baranchikov, Vladimir Tyurin, Natalia Kurkina
Optical methods and optical properties are usually used to research the structure of wood and its ring structure. However, these properties are not directly related to its mechanical and other physical characteristics. To study them, methods of x-ray densitometry, synchrotron radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., which are not very common in wood science, are used. These methods are quite labor-intensive and require expensive equipment. In this regard, there is a need to develop simple and convenient means and methods for studying the micromechanical properties of wood. The main goal of the work is to develop such an approach using nanoindentation and digital scratching of a cross section of wood and to identify its potential in the further development of dendrochronology and related disciplines. Using the NI method, radial dependences of hardness H and Young's modulus E were obtained for eleven consecutive annual pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) wood rings for 3 different loads Pmax = 2, 100 and 500 mN. The values of H in the range from 70 to 340 MPa and Young's modulus E in the range from 2 to 10 GPa were determined for the corresponding loads and early (EW) and late wood (LW). Using the scratch test method, profiles of the normal force Fn and the corresponding hardness HS (in the range from 53 to 225 MPa) were obtained for the period 2007-2020. According to both methods, the widths of annual rings were determined; the discrepancy between the values and the optical method was < 3 %.
{"title":"Study of the structure and mechanical properties of annual rings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) using nanoindentation and scratch test methods","authors":"A. Tyurin, Alexander Samodurov, D. Golovin, M. Yunak, Viktor Korenkov, Petr Baranchikov, Vladimir Tyurin, Natalia Kurkina","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.4/2","url":null,"abstract":"Optical methods and optical properties are usually used to research the structure of wood and its ring structure. However, these properties are not directly related to its mechanical and other physical characteristics. To study them, methods of x-ray densitometry, synchrotron radiation, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc., which are not very common in wood science, are used. These methods are quite labor-intensive and require expensive equipment. In this regard, there is a need to develop simple and convenient means and methods for studying the micromechanical properties of wood. The main goal of the work is to develop such an approach using nanoindentation and digital scratching of a cross section of wood and to identify its potential in the further development of dendrochronology and related disciplines. Using the NI method, radial dependences of hardness H and Young's modulus E were obtained for eleven consecutive annual pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) wood rings for 3 different loads Pmax = 2, 100 and 500 mN. The values of H in the range from 70 to 340 MPa and Young's modulus E in the range from 2 to 10 GPa were determined for the corresponding loads and early (EW) and late wood (LW). Using the scratch test method, profiles of the normal force Fn and the corresponding hardness HS (in the range from 53 to 225 MPa) were obtained for the period 2007-2020. According to both methods, the widths of annual rings were determined; the discrepancy between the values and the optical method was < 3 %.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"171 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139843707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.3/13
V. Posmetev, V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, P. Popikov, Petr Kolodiy, Aleksandr Mihailov
The task of increasing the efficiency of hydraulic manipulators with traditional column turning mechanisms installed on logging road trains can be solved by installing column turning mechanisms with crank hydraulic motors from hydraulic cylinders. Variants of the arrangement of hydraulic cylinders in a crank hydraulic motor were studied graph analytically by determining tangential and radial forces acting on the rotary column of the hydraulic manipulator. At first, calculations were performed based on static methods to evaluate the effect of forces on the rods of hydraulic cylinders in the working positions of the column rotation mechanism. After that, using the COMPASS computer-aided design system, circular diagrams of tangential and radial forces of the considered options for the arrangement of hydraulic cylinders in a crank hydraulic motor were constructed. Further, in the Microsoft Excel program, graphs of changes in tangential forces acting on the rotary column of the hydraulic manipulator were plotted. Schemes with five and six hydraulic cylinders have the best option of influencing the bearings in which the column is rotated. The ranges of radial forces for them ranged, respectively, from 3.32 to 22.07 kN and from 11.175 to 11.297 kN, and tangential forces – from 257.893 to 285.274 kN, and from 300.471 to 354.059 kN, which can be used in the design of new drive designs for turning columns of hydraulic manipulators. For the practical implementation of the proposed design of the crank hydraulic motor, it is planned to make a rational choice of the location of the hydraulic cylinders of the crank hydraulic motor on the frame of the logging road train on the basis of simulation modeling.
{"title":"Substantiation of a perspective scheme of a crank hydraulic motor for a hydraulic drive of a turntable of a logging truck manipulator","authors":"V. Posmetev, V. Nikonov, V. Posmetev, V. Zelikov, P. Popikov, Petr Kolodiy, Aleksandr Mihailov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.3/13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.3/13","url":null,"abstract":"The task of increasing the efficiency of hydraulic manipulators with traditional column turning mechanisms installed on logging road trains can be solved by installing column turning mechanisms with crank hydraulic motors from hydraulic cylinders. Variants of the arrangement of hydraulic cylinders in a crank hydraulic motor were studied graph analytically by determining tangential and radial forces acting on the rotary column of the hydraulic manipulator. At first, calculations were performed based on static methods to evaluate the effect of forces on the rods of hydraulic cylinders in the working positions of the column rotation mechanism. After that, using the COMPASS computer-aided design system, circular diagrams of tangential and radial forces of the considered options for the arrangement of hydraulic cylinders in a crank hydraulic motor were constructed. Further, in the Microsoft Excel program, graphs of changes in tangential forces acting on the rotary column of the hydraulic manipulator were plotted. Schemes with five and six hydraulic cylinders have the best option of influencing the bearings in which the column is rotated. The ranges of radial forces for them ranged, respectively, from 3.32 to 22.07 kN and from 11.175 to 11.297 kN, and tangential forces – from 257.893 to 285.274 kN, and from 300.471 to 354.059 kN, which can be used in the design of new drive designs for turning columns of hydraulic manipulators. For the practical implementation of the proposed design of the crank hydraulic motor, it is planned to make a rational choice of the location of the hydraulic cylinders of the crank hydraulic motor on the frame of the logging road train on the basis of simulation modeling.","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"21 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.2/10
Pavel Sokol, Aleksandr Bozhko, Tatyana Novikova, Siarhei Rabko
Reducing the negative impact on the forest soil and vegetation environment of wheeled propellers of biaxial articulated forest transport vehicles, along with changing the parameters of the propellers themselves, can be effectively carried out by redistributing the power flow in the hydromechanical transmission. In order to ensure high traction performance and cross-country capability through single obstacles (root systems) in the conditions of a cutting area, it is necessary to take into account the rational parameters of the components and assemblies of the hydromechanical transmission based on new scientifically sound technical solutions. A review of the designs of hydromechanical transmissions of domestic and foreign-made forest transport vehicles revealed their advantages and disadvantages that affect the effectiveness of their use in the conditions of forest exploitation. The primary transportation of trees, which occupies a significant volume during logging, is effectively handled by forest transport vehicles with high energy saturation. The use of a promising torque converter design as part of a hydromechanical transmission unit for the separate drive of the drive axles of wheeled articulated timber vehicles will compensate for the effect of external forces and reactions to the wheel mover, as well as minimize the phenomenon of power circulation in a closed loop "wheel mover – bearing surface", which will contribute to an increase in traction performance. The technological relationship from the use of different powertrain designs is characterized by moderate differentiation (p < 0.05) according to the criteria of impact on the soil environment, based on the use of the median method in the statistical analysis of similarities and differences. Future research will answer the following questions: how will the level of loss of useful power in the hydromechanical transmission of a wheeled forest transport vehicle equipped with a new torque converter change in conditions of constantly changing external influences? How and how closely will the transmission parameters with the new torque converter affect the performance and patency of the forest transport vehicle, taking into account the characteristics of the soil and plant environment?
{"title":"Hydro-mechanical powertrain for timber transport vehicles: technological relationship with the impact on the soil and plant environment","authors":"Pavel Sokol, Aleksandr Bozhko, Tatyana Novikova, Siarhei Rabko","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.2/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2023.2/10","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the negative impact on the forest soil and vegetation environment of wheeled propellers of biaxial articulated forest transport vehicles, along with changing the parameters of the propellers themselves, can be effectively carried out by redistributing the power flow in the hydromechanical transmission. In order to ensure high traction performance and cross-country capability through single obstacles (root systems) in the conditions of a cutting area, it is necessary to take into account the rational parameters of the components and assemblies of the hydromechanical transmission based on new scientifically sound technical solutions. A review of the designs of hydromechanical transmissions of domestic and foreign-made forest transport vehicles revealed their advantages and disadvantages that affect the effectiveness of their use in the conditions of forest exploitation. The primary transportation of trees, which occupies a significant volume during logging, is effectively handled by forest transport vehicles with high energy saturation. The use of a promising torque converter design as part of a hydromechanical transmission unit for the separate drive of the drive axles of wheeled articulated timber vehicles will compensate for the effect of external forces and reactions to the wheel mover, as well as minimize the phenomenon of power circulation in a closed loop \"wheel mover – bearing surface\", which will contribute to an increase in traction performance. The technological relationship from the use of different powertrain designs is characterized by moderate differentiation (p < 0.05) according to the criteria of impact on the soil environment, based on the use of the median method in the statistical analysis of similarities and differences. Future research will answer the following questions: how will the level of loss of useful power in the hydromechanical transmission of a wheeled forest transport vehicle equipped with a new torque converter change in conditions of constantly changing external influences? How and how closely will the transmission parameters with the new torque converter affect the performance and patency of the forest transport vehicle, taking into account the characteristics of the soil and plant environment?","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/8
Aleksey Platonov
When enterprises of the timber industry complex form protective forest plantations along linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of subsequent spontaneous reproduction of tree and shrub vegetation arises, which leads to disorder in the territories of the above facilities and creates a threat to the safety of their operation. In many foreign countries, work to maintain the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in a standard state is carried out in strict accordance with certain methods of conceptual management of vegetation growth. At the same time, such management methods are practically unknown both to the domestic scientific community dealing with the issues of protective afforestation, and to those who make decisions on the need to influence unwanted trees and shrubs. The purpose of the study was to study and analyze systemic methods for managing unwanted tree and shrub vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in order to improve the quality and efficiency of its removal, as well as to make recommendations for the proper maintenance of these territories. Cluster analysis of world research trends in forest vegetation management revealed 3 major areas associated with: a decrease or increase in species richness and diversity of vegetation, as well as the inadmissibility of its subsequent renewal; methods and means of influencing vegetation, including the benefits of vegetation management; ecological and aesthetic consequences of vegetation management, as well as public perception of the results of such management. The established principles for the application of the integrated vegetation management system (Integrated Vegetation Management: IVM), which is widespread in the world, are necessarily taken into account by organizations responsible for managing various protected zones and right-of-way. The most convenient for characterizing a selective approach to the management of unwanted vegetation growing in the territories of linear infrastructure facilities is the phrase «Integrated forest vegetation management». As the basic structure of the IVM system, the model proposed in 2005 by Nowak and Ballard is used, which provides for the implementation of a complete systems approach when influencing vegetation. It is inappropriate to combine in one step (the critical phase of this model) the monitoring of the potential effect of the impact on unwanted vegetation and the assessment of this impact. With further improvement of the IVM system, it is necessary to create a set of clearly defined and at the same time measurable indicators that fully reflect the achieved (or not achieved) effect from the impact on unwanted vegetation. It is shown that in order to introduce protective afforestation into domestic practice, IVM systems should not be a separate vegetation management tool, but a combination of management approaches, including not only the assessment of a plot of a linear infrastructure facility, but
{"title":"Integrated Forest Vegetation Management: Stages and Development Prospects","authors":"Aleksey Platonov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.3/8","url":null,"abstract":"When enterprises of the timber industry complex form protective forest plantations along linear infrastructure facilities, the problem of subsequent spontaneous reproduction of tree and shrub vegetation arises, which leads to disorder in the territories of the above facilities and creates a threat to the safety of their operation. In many foreign countries, work to maintain the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in a standard state is carried out in strict accordance with certain methods of conceptual management of vegetation growth. At the same time, such management methods are practically unknown both to the domestic scientific community dealing with the issues of protective afforestation, and to those who make decisions on the need to influence unwanted trees and shrubs. The purpose of the study was to study and analyze systemic methods for managing unwanted tree and shrub vegetation growing on the territories of linear infrastructure facilities in order to improve the quality and efficiency of its removal, as well as to make recommendations for the proper maintenance of these territories. Cluster analysis of world research trends in forest vegetation management revealed 3 major areas associated with: a decrease or increase in species richness and diversity of vegetation, as well as the inadmissibility of its subsequent renewal; methods and means of influencing vegetation, including the benefits of vegetation management; ecological and aesthetic consequences of vegetation management, as well as public perception of the results of such management. The established principles for the application of the integrated vegetation management system (Integrated Vegetation Management: IVM), which is widespread in the world, are necessarily taken into account by organizations responsible for managing various protected zones and right-of-way. The most convenient for characterizing a selective approach to the management of unwanted vegetation growing in the territories of linear infrastructure facilities is the phrase «Integrated forest vegetation management». As the basic structure of the IVM system, the model proposed in 2005 by Nowak and Ballard is used, which provides for the implementation of a complete systems approach when influencing vegetation. It is inappropriate to combine in one step (the critical phase of this model) the monitoring of the potential effect of the impact on unwanted vegetation and the assessment of this impact. With further improvement of the IVM system, it is necessary to create a set of clearly defined and at the same time measurable indicators that fully reflect the achieved (or not achieved) effect from the impact on unwanted vegetation. It is shown that in order to introduce protective afforestation into domestic practice, IVM systems should not be a separate vegetation management tool, but a combination of management approaches, including not only the assessment of a plot of a linear infrastructure facility, but","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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