Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/6
E. Tomina, A. Dmitrenkov, Konstantin Zhuzhukin, N. Khodosova, N. Mozgovoy
The aim of the work was to develop and study new compositions for the treatment of natural wood based on used vegetable oil with the addition of nanosized silicon oxide to obtain a wood composite with improved properties. Specimens of birch wood were chosen as objects of the study. The basis of the developed impregnating compositions was used frying vegetable oil. The compositions were supplemented with additives of amorphous and crystalline silicon oxide nanopowders at a dosage of 0.01 to 0.5%. To modify wood, a stable suspension of synthesized silicon oxide nanopowders in used sunflower oil was prepared. The processing of wood specimens was carried out by the method of "hot-cold impregnation". The obtained wood composites with the addition of nanosized silicon oxide had improved hydrophobic properties of wood (an increase in the contact angle by 30%), increased moisture and water resistance (by 11 and 14 times, respectively), as well as reduced swelling in the tangential (by 4 times) and radial (5 times) directions in comparison with natural wood after 1 day of testing. The optimal dosage of silicon oxide nanopowders (0.01%) was chosen. A comparative evaluation of the use of amorphous and crystalline silicon oxides in impregnating compositions based on used vegetable oil was carried out using birch wood as an example. Impregnation compositions based on waste vegetable oil have low toxicity and their use makes it possible to dispose of production waste
{"title":"INCREASING WATER RESISTANCE OF WOOD WITH IMPREGNANT COMPOSITION BASED ON VEGETABLE OIL WITH SILICON DIOXIDE NANOPOWDER","authors":"E. Tomina, A. Dmitrenkov, Konstantin Zhuzhukin, N. Khodosova, N. Mozgovoy","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to develop and study new compositions for the treatment of natural wood based on used vegetable oil with the addition of nanosized silicon oxide to obtain a wood composite with improved properties. Specimens of birch wood were chosen as objects of the study. The basis of the developed impregnating compositions was used frying vegetable oil. The compositions were supplemented with additives of amorphous and crystalline silicon oxide nanopowders at a dosage of 0.01 to 0.5%. To modify wood, a stable suspension of synthesized silicon oxide nanopowders in used sunflower oil was prepared. The processing of wood specimens was carried out by the method of \"hot-cold impregnation\". The obtained wood composites with the addition of nanosized silicon oxide had improved hydrophobic properties of wood (an increase in the contact angle by 30%), increased moisture and water resistance (by 11 and 14 times, respectively), as well as reduced swelling in the tangential (by 4 times) and radial (5 times) directions in comparison with natural wood after 1 day of testing. The optimal dosage of silicon oxide nanopowders (0.01%) was chosen. A comparative evaluation of the use of amorphous and crystalline silicon oxides in impregnating compositions based on used vegetable oil was carried out using birch wood as an example. Impregnation compositions based on waste vegetable oil have low toxicity and their use makes it possible to dispose of production waste","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/3
Elena B. Mamieva, L. Shirnina, V. Popova
The study of the quantitative content of pigments in the leaves of small-leaved linden growing in linear plantings along roads was carried out on 10 sections of the transport network of the capital of the Republic of North Ossetia in Vladikavkaz. The sites are located in the industrial zone of the city, at different distances from stationary sources of air pollution. The complex impact of all sources of pollution with the level of the atmospheric pollution index (API) from 2.0 to 6.4 was assessed. The choice of research objects and sampling for analysis were carried out by the methods of E.V. Nikolaevskaya, N.P. Krasinsky, A.K. Frolova. The content of pigments (chlorophylls "a", "b"; carotenoids) in linden leaves was determined by the photometric method of V.F. Gavrilenko et al. The concentration of pigments was determined on a FEK-56 photocalorimeter. Statistical data processing was carried out using the methods of biological statistics by V.F. Lakin. The amount of green pigments in the leaves of small-leaved linden is not the same, the level of their concentration increases under conditions of the highest level of air pollution. The leading role in the work of the photosynthetic apparatus is played by chlorophyll "a", the content of which determines the overall picture of their joint content with chlorophyll "b". Changes in chlorophylls and their total amount are similar to changes in the content of carotenoids. An analysis of the obtained materials showed that in areas with a high API, the quantitative content of pigments increases, which is consistent with the results of some researchers (Tarabrin, Rachkovskaya, Kim), but not confirmed by others (Aksenova, Kazantseva, Tsandekova Neverova), which may be caused by an individual species reaction plants. The thickness of the leaf tissue decreases with increasing pollution, the ratio of columnar and spongy mesophyll shifts towards spongy, which will negatively affect the process of photosynthesis
{"title":"STABILITY EVALUATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF TILIA CORDATA MILL. IN THE GRADIENT OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION IN VLADIKAVKAZ","authors":"Elena B. Mamieva, L. Shirnina, V. Popova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/3","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the quantitative content of pigments in the leaves of small-leaved linden growing in linear plantings along roads was carried out on 10 sections of the transport network of the capital of the Republic of North Ossetia in Vladikavkaz. The sites are located in the industrial zone of the city, at different distances from stationary sources of air pollution. The complex impact of all sources of pollution with the level of the atmospheric pollution index (API) from 2.0 to 6.4 was assessed. The choice of research objects and sampling for analysis were carried out by the methods of E.V. Nikolaevskaya, N.P. Krasinsky, A.K. Frolova. The content of pigments (chlorophylls \"a\", \"b\"; carotenoids) in linden leaves was determined by the photometric method of V.F. Gavrilenko et al. The concentration of pigments was determined on a FEK-56 photocalorimeter. Statistical data processing was carried out using the methods of biological statistics by V.F. Lakin. The amount of green pigments in the leaves of small-leaved linden is not the same, the level of their concentration increases under conditions of the highest level of air pollution. The leading role in the work of the photosynthetic apparatus is played by chlorophyll \"a\", the content of which determines the overall picture of their joint content with chlorophyll \"b\". Changes in chlorophylls and their total amount are similar to changes in the content of carotenoids. An analysis of the obtained materials showed that in areas with a high API, the quantitative content of pigments increases, which is consistent with the results of some researchers (Tarabrin, Rachkovskaya, Kim), but not confirmed by others (Aksenova, Kazantseva, Tsandekova Neverova), which may be caused by an individual species reaction plants. The thickness of the leaf tissue decreases with increasing pollution, the ratio of columnar and spongy mesophyll shifts towards spongy, which will negatively affect the process of photosynthesis","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78101470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/5
V. Tunyakin, N. Rybalkina, Leonid Shenshin
In the last 30 years, hundreds of thousands of hectares of young shelterbelts in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Russia were left without proper forest management, and their condition is deteriorating every year. Forest belts are losing their protective and ameliorative functions, while the degradation of agricultural landscapes under the pressure of intensive production continues. For the successful functioning of agricultural landscapes, the presence of forest components is necessary, as stated by the founder of Russian soil science, prof. V.V. Dokuchaev. The article reveals the process of evolution of the forest belt, consisting of a narrow chain of English oak biogroups into a full-fledged forest biocenosis. Forest elements are formed in the forest belt: forest edge, forest litter, self-sowing of oak, Norway maple, red leaved ash, pear, hawthorn and blackthorn. The unsatisfactory condition of 58-year-old oak trees grown per 1 m2 from two to twelve pieces without thinning has been analyzed. The authors came to the conclusion that Yu. Odum's theory of "mutual assistance" among individuals of a biogroup is valid only at the initial period of development of a single plant of a biogroup, after which competition begins. To obtain a viable biogroup, it is necessary to regulate the number of plants, in this case, oak trees. The process of regulation should be started from the moment of closing the crowns in the biogroup
{"title":"FOREST FORMATION PROCESS IN EXTREMELY NARROW FOREST SHELTER BELT","authors":"V. Tunyakin, N. Rybalkina, Leonid Shenshin","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/5","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 30 years, hundreds of thousands of hectares of young shelterbelts in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Russia were left without proper forest management, and their condition is deteriorating every year. Forest belts are losing their protective and ameliorative functions, while the degradation of agricultural landscapes under the pressure of intensive production continues. For the successful functioning of agricultural landscapes, the presence of forest components is necessary, as stated by the founder of Russian soil science, prof. V.V. Dokuchaev. The article reveals the process of evolution of the forest belt, consisting of a narrow chain of English oak biogroups into a full-fledged forest biocenosis. Forest elements are formed in the forest belt: forest edge, forest litter, self-sowing of oak, Norway maple, red leaved ash, pear, hawthorn and blackthorn. The unsatisfactory condition of 58-year-old oak trees grown per 1 m2 from two to twelve pieces without thinning has been analyzed. The authors came to the conclusion that Yu. Odum's theory of \"mutual assistance\" among individuals of a biogroup is valid only at the initial period of development of a single plant of a biogroup, after which competition begins. To obtain a viable biogroup, it is necessary to regulate the number of plants, in this case, oak trees. The process of regulation should be started from the moment of closing the crowns in the biogroup","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87682626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-05DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/10
A. Novikov, V. Ivetich, S. Nikulin, D. Demidov, E. Petrishchev
The technique can be used in forestry when creating and modeling protective forest stands around nursery’s objects. The equipment is designed for sites that are difficult to restore or inaccessible to ground-based mechanization and human means. Hard-to-recover sites are defined as: 1) released as a result of deforestation, including fire, ineffective for the operational technology of ground-based sowing or planting; 2) released as a result of fires, ineffective for the operational technology of ground seeding or planting; 3) inaccessible to ground-based mechanization facilities for climatic and geomorphological reasons; 4) inaccessible to people due to the complication of the radiation background and (or) after man-made disasters. The technique provides for accelerating the process of creating forests and improving environmental safety for the environment by reducing the number of operations that violate the forest ecosystem, using environmentally friendly energy sources in unmanned aerial vehicles, equipment and devices used in all groups of operations, improving environmental safety for humans by enabling the implementation of the method without the presence of an operator directly at the site of the groups of operations, reducing the cost of performing energy-intensive and time-consuming operations for preparing sites, transportation of forest reproductive material to the place of preliminary preparation and back
{"title":"FRONTIER TECHNIQUE OF CREATING PROTECTIVE FORESTS STANDS AROUND NURSERIES ON INEFFICIENT SITES: TECHNOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS","authors":"A. Novikov, V. Ivetich, S. Nikulin, D. Demidov, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.2/10","url":null,"abstract":"The technique can be used in forestry when creating and modeling protective forest stands around nursery’s objects. The equipment is designed for sites that are difficult to restore or inaccessible to ground-based mechanization and human means. Hard-to-recover sites are defined as: 1) released as a result of deforestation, including fire, ineffective for the operational technology of ground-based sowing or planting; 2) released as a result of fires, ineffective for the operational technology of ground seeding or planting; 3) inaccessible to ground-based mechanization facilities for climatic and geomorphological reasons; 4) inaccessible to people due to the complication of the radiation background and (or) after man-made disasters. The technique provides for accelerating the process of creating forests and improving environmental safety for the environment by reducing the number of operations that violate the forest ecosystem, using environmentally friendly energy sources in unmanned aerial vehicles, equipment and devices used in all groups of operations, improving environmental safety for humans by enabling the implementation of the method without the presence of an operator directly at the site of the groups of operations, reducing the cost of performing energy-intensive and time-consuming operations for preparing sites, transportation of forest reproductive material to the place of preliminary preparation and back","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88011533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/7
V. Kalyashov, V. Shapiro, Igor' Grigor'ev, O. Kunitskaya, O. Grigoreva
In the Russian Federation, a significant part of the forest fund is located on the permafrost. Permafrost forests play a global ecological role by depositing large amounts of carbon. However, when a forest reaches the age of obsolescence, this carbon is released into the atmosphere as it decays. Therefore, from an ecological point of view, permafrost forests should be cut down when they reach the age of maturity, in compliance with the requirements for their restoration. Many of these regions have large reserves of mature and overmature commercial forests, and a significant portion of these reserves are located in places difficult to access, not only in relation to the development of road networks, but also on the terrain. At present the overwhelming majority of timber felling in Russia is performed with the help of modern machinery complexes, which mainly include wheeled forestry machines of different layout and purpose (harvesters, forwarders, skidders, etc.). With the help of special technical solutions, such as winches integrated into the transmission, or self-propelled winches (T-winch, ROB), these machines can be successfully operated on fairly steep slopes. The problem of negative effect of wheeled forest machines and skidding systems based on them not only remains actual, but becomes even more urgent, as the ecosystems of mountain forests, forests on slopes of hills, etc. are the most vulnerable and exposed to water and wind erosion. The developed mathematical model, which allows evaluating the dynamic impact of a wheeled forestry machine (skidder system) on the ground while working on slopes with taking into account the main technical and technological factors, is presented in the article
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE DYNAMIC INTERACTION OF FOREST MACHINES AND SKIDDER SYSTEMS WITH THE SOIL WHEN WORKING ON SLOPES","authors":"V. Kalyashov, V. Shapiro, Igor' Grigor'ev, O. Kunitskaya, O. Grigoreva","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/7","url":null,"abstract":"In the Russian Federation, a significant part of the forest fund is located on the permafrost. Permafrost forests play a global ecological role by depositing large amounts of carbon. However, when a forest reaches the age of obsolescence, this carbon is released into the atmosphere as it decays. Therefore, from an ecological point of view, permafrost forests should be cut down when they reach the age of maturity, in compliance with the requirements for their restoration. Many of these regions have large reserves of mature and overmature commercial forests, and a significant portion of these reserves are located in places difficult to access, not only in relation to the development of road networks, but also on the terrain. At present the overwhelming majority of timber felling in Russia is performed with the help of modern machinery complexes, which mainly include wheeled forestry machines of different layout and purpose (harvesters, forwarders, skidders, etc.). With the help of special technical solutions, such as winches integrated into the transmission, or self-propelled winches (T-winch, ROB), these machines can be successfully operated on fairly steep slopes. The problem of negative effect of wheeled forest machines and skidding systems based on them not only remains actual, but becomes even more urgent, as the ecosystems of mountain forests, forests on slopes of hills, etc. are the most vulnerable and exposed to water and wind erosion. The developed mathematical model, which allows evaluating the dynamic impact of a wheeled forestry machine (skidder system) on the ground while working on slopes with taking into account the main technical and technological factors, is presented in the article","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86232450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/2
A. Gryaz'kin, O. Gavrilova
The productivity of plants is determined by the efficiency of the assimilation apparatus, which depends on the mode of light and soil conditions. It is especially important to take this into account on the site of former forest lands after fires. The study of the productivity of the burning area after the fire was carried out on the site of rocky pine forests, 14 years after the fire. The study area is 5.3 hectares. The condition of living ground cover (21 species), and undergrowth of the main forest-forming species was studied. The maximum light at the research object, there was a forest fire in 2006, at noon is 23 thousand lux, and under the canopy – 44% less. Soil cover on rock outcrops in the formation stage. The variability of biometric characteristics of needles is shown on the example of young generation of pine. It was found that the length of the needles and the weight depend on the height of the young generation of pine. The dependence on the age of the young generation of pine is less pronounced. The length of the needles is 12-54 mm, the weight of the 100 needles is 0.17-1.43 g. An important factor determining the biometric characteristics of needles is light. In addition, the alternation of micro-depressions, exposed rock outcrops, cracks and protrusions determine the growing conditions, which also determine the success of the formation of a green mass of pine undergrowth
{"title":"BIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PINE NEEDLES GROWING ON BURNED-OUT AREA","authors":"A. Gryaz'kin, O. Gavrilova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/2","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of plants is determined by the efficiency of the assimilation apparatus, which depends on the mode of light and soil conditions. It is especially important to take this into account on the site of former forest lands after fires. The study of the productivity of the burning area after the fire was carried out on the site of rocky pine forests, 14 years after the fire. The study area is 5.3 hectares. The condition of living ground cover (21 species), and undergrowth of the main forest-forming species was studied. The maximum light at the research object, there was a forest fire in 2006, at noon is 23 thousand lux, and under the canopy – 44% less. Soil cover on rock outcrops in the formation stage. The variability of biometric characteristics of needles is shown on the example of young generation of pine. It was found that the length of the needles and the weight depend on the height of the young generation of pine. The dependence on the age of the young generation of pine is less pronounced. The length of the needles is 12-54 mm, the weight of the 100 needles is 0.17-1.43 g. An important factor determining the biometric characteristics of needles is light. In addition, the alternation of micro-depressions, exposed rock outcrops, cracks and protrusions determine the growing conditions, which also determine the success of the formation of a green mass of pine undergrowth","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/9
T. Novikova, V. Malysheva, E. Petrishchev
The natural and production conditions of the growth of scots pine during forest restoration determine the research of the degree of interrelation of exogenous temperature factors with and technological processes of seed sorting with the quality of forest reproductive material. Descriptive statistics of biometric parameters of the height and diameter of the root neck were determined for the first, second, and third growing periods of individuals of Scots pine obtained by autumn transplanting containerized (1+0) seedlings sprouted from seeds conditioned by spectrometric properties to a post-pyrogenic site. The correlation relationship of the average variant of the exogenous index of degree days GDD, as well as the average variant of vitality indices was evaluated using the Spearman method based on the SPSS Statistics application software package. The degree of influence of the exogenous degree-day index on the DQI index of Scots pine crops in the 3rd growing season after transplanting containerized seedlings (1+0) sprouted from seeds of different spectrometric fractions is characterized by a weak positive correlation (p = 0.170; p = 0.05). The technological process of separating the light fraction of Scots pine seeds for the production of containerized seedlings demonstrates the best vitality indices in transplanted crops at the end of VP-III, statistically significantly (p = 0.05) differing from other spectrometric groups within the natural production conditions of this study
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE CLIMATIC INDEX OF DEGREE-DAYS ON THE VITALITY OF 3-YEAR-OLD SEEDLINGS OF SCOTS PINE FROM SEEDS GRADED BY SPECTROMETRIC FEATURES","authors":"T. Novikova, V. Malysheva, E. Petrishchev","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/9","url":null,"abstract":"The natural and production conditions of the growth of scots pine during forest restoration determine the research of the degree of interrelation of exogenous temperature factors with and technological processes of seed sorting with the quality of forest reproductive material. Descriptive statistics of biometric parameters of the height and diameter of the root neck were determined for the first, second, and third growing periods of individuals of Scots pine obtained by autumn transplanting containerized (1+0) seedlings sprouted from seeds conditioned by spectrometric properties to a post-pyrogenic site. The correlation relationship of the average variant of the exogenous index of degree days GDD, as well as the average variant of vitality indices was evaluated using the Spearman method based on the SPSS Statistics application software package. The degree of influence of the exogenous degree-day index on the DQI index of Scots pine crops in the 3rd growing season after transplanting containerized seedlings (1+0) sprouted from seeds of different spectrometric fractions is characterized by a weak positive correlation (p = 0.170; p = 0.05). The technological process of separating the light fraction of Scots pine seeds for the production of containerized seedlings demonstrates the best vitality indices in transplanted crops at the end of VP-III, statistically significantly (p = 0.05) differing from other spectrometric groups within the natural production conditions of this study","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88014202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/3
N. Kharchenko, Фролова Екатерина
The study of the external morphology of reptiles is an important component of biological research. The paper describes the morphology and ecology of the East steppe viper living in the Middle Don region. The material was collected from 2021 to 2019 in the vicinity of the architectural and archaeological museum-reserve "Divnogorie", located in the northern part of the Middle Don sub-province of the Black Sea steppe province. In this area, Steppe vipers are found on chalk slopes overgrown with grassy and shrubby vegetation. When describing the metric signs and scutellation of vipers, it was determined that the average value of the tail length and the number of pairs of undercaudal scales in males is greater than in females. A comparison was made of the ratio of the total body length to the length of the tail for steppe vipers from different parts of the range. The comparison showed that this value in steppe vipers living near the northern border of the range is significantly higher compared to individuals from more southern points of the species range. When describing the variability of the pileus of steppe vipers, all variants of the pileus were combined into five groups. In addition, combinations of individual pileus scutes have been described. Among all the pileus scutes, the parietal scutes were characterized by the highest coefficient of variation. The eastern steppe viper deserves special attention as it is a vulnerable species. Further studies of the bioecology of V. renardi in the Middle Don region may contribute to the conservation of the species and the stability of ecosystems
{"title":"ECOMORPHOLOGY OF THE EAST STEPPE VIPER VIPERA RENARDI (CHRISTOPH, 1861) IN THE MIDDLE DON BASIN","authors":"N. Kharchenko, Фролова Екатерина","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/3","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the external morphology of reptiles is an important component of biological research. The paper describes the morphology and ecology of the East steppe viper living in the Middle Don region. The material was collected from 2021 to 2019 in the vicinity of the architectural and archaeological museum-reserve \"Divnogorie\", located in the northern part of the Middle Don sub-province of the Black Sea steppe province. In this area, Steppe vipers are found on chalk slopes overgrown with grassy and shrubby vegetation. When describing the metric signs and scutellation of vipers, it was determined that the average value of the tail length and the number of pairs of undercaudal scales in males is greater than in females. A comparison was made of the ratio of the total body length to the length of the tail for steppe vipers from different parts of the range. The comparison showed that this value in steppe vipers living near the northern border of the range is significantly higher compared to individuals from more southern points of the species range. When describing the variability of the pileus of steppe vipers, all variants of the pileus were combined into five groups. In addition, combinations of individual pileus scutes have been described. Among all the pileus scutes, the parietal scutes were characterized by the highest coefficient of variation. The eastern steppe viper deserves special attention as it is a vulnerable species. Further studies of the bioecology of V. renardi in the Middle Don region may contribute to the conservation of the species and the stability of ecosystems","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90715529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/1
L. Bryndina, Yuliya Arnaut, O. Alykova
This review examines the results of scientific experiments of foreign and domestic researchers in the field of studying mycorrhizal associations, the mechanisms of their symbiosis with plants. The information about the current state of the issue is given: different points of view on the interaction of mycorrhizal plants with mycobionts. A comparative analysis of the development of mycorrhiza in individual plant species was carried out. It was found that the maximum degree of mycorrhiza development corresponds to the beech and linden families. The factors influencing the development of balanced and exploitive mycorrhizal associations are considered. The evolutionary and functional characteristics of the types of mycorrhizae are given. The benefits of mycorrhizal associations are considered, both for tree species and for species of fungi involved in the formation of mycorrhizae. The role of symbionts in mycorrhiza is considered, as well as the form and degree of development of mycorrhiza for mycotrophic plants. An analytical review of the studies of foreign and domestic scientists allowed us to determine the preferred mycorrhizal communities for reforestation. It was noted that unfavorable, extreme environmental conditions in most cases intensified the growth and development of mycorrhizal communities. All these factors should be taken into account when selecting tree species and types of fungi in forestry during reforestation
{"title":"MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE FORMATION OF BIOGEOCENOSES: ANALYTICAL REVIEW","authors":"L. Bryndina, Yuliya Arnaut, O. Alykova","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/1","url":null,"abstract":"This review examines the results of scientific experiments of foreign and domestic researchers in the field of studying mycorrhizal associations, the mechanisms of their symbiosis with plants. The information about the current state of the issue is given: different points of view on the interaction of mycorrhizal plants with mycobionts. A comparative analysis of the development of mycorrhiza in individual plant species was carried out. It was found that the maximum degree of mycorrhiza development corresponds to the beech and linden families. The factors influencing the development of balanced and exploitive mycorrhizal associations are considered. The evolutionary and functional characteristics of the types of mycorrhizae are given. The benefits of mycorrhizal associations are considered, both for tree species and for species of fungi involved in the formation of mycorrhizae. The role of symbionts in mycorrhiza is considered, as well as the form and degree of development of mycorrhiza for mycotrophic plants. An analytical review of the studies of foreign and domestic scientists allowed us to determine the preferred mycorrhizal communities for reforestation. It was noted that unfavorable, extreme environmental conditions in most cases intensified the growth and development of mycorrhizal communities. All these factors should be taken into account when selecting tree species and types of fungi in forestry during reforestation","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73350787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15DOI: 10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/6
A. Abuzov, Igor' Grigor'ev, Yaroslav Abuzov
The article touches upon topical issues related to the transport development of forest areas with the help of aircraft, namely aerostatic ones. An assessment of their capabilities and advantages over other modes of transport is given. Examples and technical characteristics of the developed and created experimental samples of hybrid transport-cargo airships, which were intended for operation in the forest complex, are given. The key issue that the authors consider in this article is the aerodynamics of the airship hull, which has a major impact on the movement and maneuverability of the airship in the process of carrying out transport and cargo operations. A simplified method for calculating the flow around the body of an aerostatic aircraft, which depends on the geometric parameters of the body, is presented. The main stages of calculations of aerodynamic parameters are determined, including the transverse and longitudinal flow around the hull, the movement of the aircraft with the angle of attack and the influence of aerodynamic pressure. Attention is paid to the inertial properties of the environment and, as a result, to the method of calculation when moving with acceleration, where the airship is represented by a body of revolution, which is influenced by the attached mass. The presented article is a series of scientific works of the authors aimed at studying the technical parameters of aerostatic aircraft, including aerodynamic performance
{"title":"TO THE QUESTION OF AERODYNAMICS HULLS TRANSPORT AND CARGO AIRSHIPS DESIGNED FOR THE FOREST COMPLEX","authors":"A. Abuzov, Igor' Grigor'ev, Yaroslav Abuzov","doi":"10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2022.1/6","url":null,"abstract":"The article touches upon topical issues related to the transport development of forest areas with the help of aircraft, namely aerostatic ones. An assessment of their capabilities and advantages over other modes of transport is given. Examples and technical characteristics of the developed and created experimental samples of hybrid transport-cargo airships, which were intended for operation in the forest complex, are given. The key issue that the authors consider in this article is the aerodynamics of the airship hull, which has a major impact on the movement and maneuverability of the airship in the process of carrying out transport and cargo operations. A simplified method for calculating the flow around the body of an aerostatic aircraft, which depends on the geometric parameters of the body, is presented. The main stages of calculations of aerodynamic parameters are determined, including the transverse and longitudinal flow around the hull, the movement of the aircraft with the angle of attack and the influence of aerodynamic pressure. Attention is paid to the inertial properties of the environment and, as a result, to the method of calculation when moving with acceleration, where the airship is represented by a body of revolution, which is influenced by the attached mass. The presented article is a series of scientific works of the authors aimed at studying the technical parameters of aerostatic aircraft, including aerodynamic performance","PeriodicalId":12425,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81331331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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