Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Objective: Our study aim is to explore the mechanisms of short peptide passages on intestinal dysfunction in septic mice utilizing a metabolomics approach, which provides a new scientific basis for the clinical study of sepsis.

Methods: Mices were allocated at random into four groups: control (Con), cecal ligation and puncture followed by one, three or 7 day short-peptide-based enteral nutrition group (CLP + SPEN1), (CLP + SPEN3), and (CLP + SPEN7) groups. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics method was used to analyze changes in serum metabolites in septic mice.

Results: Short peptides showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms, mucosal inflammation, and intestinal function damage scores in septic mice. The 16sRNA analysis showcased significant variances in the distribution of bacterial communities between the CLP + SPEN1, CLP + SPEN3, and CLP + SPEN7 groups. At the phylum level, statistically significant variances in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were recognized. The metabolomics analysis results showed significant separation of metabolites between the CLP + SPEN1 and CLP + SPEN3 groups, as well as significant differences in metabolite profiles between the CLP + SPEN3 and CLP + SPEN7 groups. Utilizing a differential Venn diagram, four metabolites were commonly different; 10-heptadecanoic and dodecanoic acids had statistical significance. The abundance of both dodecanoic and lactic acid bacteria was negatively associated at the genus level.

Conclusion: Short peptides were found to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae, while reducing intestinal metabolites such as Dodecanoic acid and 10-Heptadecenoic acid. Moreover the Lactobacillus may play a significant therapeutic role in the treatment of sepsis. However, due to the limited number of experimental samples, the exact mechanism of action of short peptides awaits further confirmation.

Background: Asthma is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, potentially influenced by dietary phosphorus intake through its effects on inflammation and oxidative stress.

Methods: Data from 7,539 asthma patients in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 cohort were analyzed using weighted Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a nomogram were used to assess survival probabilities and individualized risk, while restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis evaluated non-linear dose-response relationships. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the findings.

Results: Higher dietary phosphorus intake was associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality (HR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22-0.85 for the highest vs. lowest quartile; p for trend = 0.018). Kaplan-Meier curves showed improved survival with increasing phosphorus intake, a result consistently supported by subgroup analyses. RCS analysis confirmed a non-linear dose-response relationship, identifying a threshold at 1,861.52 mg/day, below which higher phosphorus intake was significantly associated with lower cardiovascular mortality. However, above this threshold, the protective effect diminished. Sensitivity analyses further validated these results.

Conclusion: Elevated dietary phosphorus intake is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality in asthma patients, suggesting its potential as a dietary intervention.

Background: Observational studies have assessed the association between total antioxidant capacity of the diet and risk of diabetes mellitus. However, results from these studies were not entirely consistent. In the current systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.

Methods: A systematic literature search of authentic electronic resources including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was carried out to find the relevant articles published up to November 2024. Random-effects or fixed-effects models were used to aggregate the relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) where appropriate. Heterogeneity across the studies were determined using the Cochran's Q test and I-square (I ²) statistics.

Results: A total of 10 observational studies (five cohort, three case-control and two cross-sectional studies) were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that higher dietary TAC was significantly associated with lower risk of prediabetes (RR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34-0.97; p = 0.039) and diabetes mellitus (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58-0.87, p = 0.001). In addition, dose-response analysis showed a linear trend association between dietary TAC and risk of diabetes mellitus (RR = 0.928; 95% CI: 0.842-1.023, p _{dose-response} = 0.131, p _nonlinearity = 0.078). Subgroup analyses showed the significant inverse association between dietary TAC and diabetes mellitus in mean age <50 and sample size <5,000 (RR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.16-0.41, p < 0.001), and there was no evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.939; I ² = 0.0%). Meanwhile, there was also an inverse association between dietary TAC and diabetes mellitus in Western countries (RR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.92, p = 0.003), with less evidence of heterogeneity (p = 0.226; I ² = 36.7%).

Conclusion: Overall, higher dietary TAC was inversely associated with the risk of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. Further well-designed prospective studies or randomized controlled trials are needed to validate the present findings.

Systematic review register: (PROSPERO), CRD42024611235.

Background: Abdominal adipose tissue consists of visceral and subcutaneous fat deposits, each with unique metabolic and functional properties. Identifying the characteristics that influence different obesity phenotypes can support targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective: To identify predictive factors associated with visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue accumulation.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including adults of both sexes aged ≥20 years under outpatient care in a public healthcare service in Northeast Brazil. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured via ultrasound. Anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic, and behavioral variables were incorporated into the predictive model.

Results: A total of 347 individuals were included. They were median age of 47.0 years (interquartile range: 39.0 to 56.0). Visceral obesity was found in 79.3% of the sample. Adjusted analysis demonstrated that physical inactivity (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.7; p = 0.023) and elevated waist circumference (WC) (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.6-15.8 p < 0.001) were associated with VAT accumulation. Alcohol consumption increased the likelihood of SAT accumulation by 2.2 times (95% CI 1.3-3.7; p = 0.005), while elevated WC raised this likelihood by 4.5 times (95% CI 2.1-9.8; p < 0.001). The VAT/SAT ratio was significantly higher in older adults (OR 5.5; 95%CI 2.0-14.8; p = 0.001), among individuals of Mixed Race and Black, those with lower educational levels (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.1-5.2; p = 0.028), and in diabetics (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.2-4.9; p = 0.017).

Conclusion: Distinct factors influence visceral and subcutaneous obesity. Sedentary behavior emerged as an independent predictor of visceral obesity, while alcohol consumption was associated with a subcutaneous obesity pattern. Diabetes and sociodemographic factors (older age, non-White race, and lower education) were predictive of an elevated VAT/SAT ratio.

Background: The serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (A/G) has been widely used as a biomarker to assess inflammation, immunity, and nutritional status. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the predictive value of serum A/G in stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum A/G levels and stroke prognosis, to provide a new reference for risk assessment and management of stroke patients.

Methods: Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2009-2020. The study utilized questionnaire responses and 24-h dietary recall interviews. Participants were stratified by serum albumin/globulin (A/G) ratios into tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression, curve fitting, subgroup analyses, and interaction tests were conducted to assess the associations with serum A/G ratios.

Results: Of the 82,298 participants initially considered, 52,119 had complete data and no history of stroke, albumin, or globulin deficiency, which were included in the analysis. We observed a decrease in stroke incidence with increasing A/G ratios. Higher A/G ratios were also associated with lower incidences of moderate exercise, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. The relationship between A/G ratios and stroke was moderated by covariates such as gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and body mass index.

Conclusion: In the US population, serum A/G ratios positively correlate with stroke incidence. Serum A/G could be a simple and economical marker for identifying stroke risk in the population, though further prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

This study investigated the metabolic characteristics of mulberry wine produced by co-fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and two different Pichia kluyveri (PK). Although S. cerevisiae inhibited the growth of P. kluyveri during co-fermentation, P. kluyveri showed robust growth adaptability. Classical oenological parameters were not significantly altered by co-fermentation compared to pure-fermentation. The P. kluyveri significantly modulated amino acid metabolism pathways during co-fermentation, enhancing the biosynthesis of higher alcohol acetate compounds. Furthermore, co-fermentation strategy promoted the production of volatile flavor compounds, particularly esters and alcohols, which enriched the wine with distinct floral and fruity flavors. This study provides novel insights into the metabolic mechanisms of co-fermentation with SC and PK strains and highlights the potential of P. kluyveri as a co-fermentation agent for improving the aromatic complexity of fruit wines.

Introduction: Nutrition claims aim to highlight key attributes in foods and assist consumers to make informed dietary choices. Consumers generally perceive products with claims related to lower sugars content as being healthier. Food manufacturers also use these claims to highlight reformulation action in response to consumer demands and government policies.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of baked goods and breakfast cereals in the Canadian marketplace was conducted, focusing on the use of sugars-related nutrient content claims (i.e., "no added sugars," "lower/reduced in sugars," "sugar-free") and changes in nutrients and energy content in reformulation strategies. Baked goods and breakfast cereals with sugars-related claims in Canada as of December 2022 were obtained from the Mintel Global New Products Database. Current product availability was verified using websites from manufacturers and major food retailers. Corresponding reference products were identified based on claim criteria specified by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Differences in energy, macronutrient content and key ingredients involved in sugars reformulation were assessed between claim and reference products.

Results: A total of 111 baked goods and 23 breakfast cereal products were included. No significant difference was found in mean energy content between the claim and reference products for all subcategories, except for "unsweetened" baked goods, where the energy content in claim products was significantly higher than that of the reference products (p < 0.001). Specifically, 49% of products with claims of "no added sugar," 27% of "sugar-free," and 23% of "lower/reduced in sugar" had higher energy content compared to corresponding reference products. Sugar alcohols, dietary fibers, non-nutritive sweeteners and starch were the top ingredients used in place of added sugars in claim products.

Conclusion: No significant difference in mean total energy content (per 100 g) between baked goods and breakfast cereals carrying sugars-related claims was found, despite various sugar reduction strategies. Thus, these claims could be misleading to consumers who expect such products to be lower in total calories. Food manufacturers are encouraged to reformulate products with improved calorie and nutrition profiles rather than using a single-nutrient focus. Consumers education on these issues can help them be mindful of the presence and unintended consequences of common sugar-replacement practices.

Introduction: In Ethiopia, acute malnutrition is one of the potential challenges to achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals in reducing child mortality. Thus, this study aimed to determine factors associated with acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months attending public health facilities in Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, from March to December 2017.

Methods: An institution-based age-matched case-control study design was used. Two hundred and thirty-four children aged 6 to 59 months were randomly selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Variables with a p-value of ≤0.25 in the bivariate analyses were entered into a multivariable regression analysis to determine the independent predictors of acute malnutrition.

Results: This study showed that lack of maternal education (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI, 1.46, 11.40), poor child feeding (AOR = 5.97, 95% CI, 1.83, 19.44), low wealth index (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI, 1.24, 11.38), less hand washing (AOR = 5.57, 95% CI, 1.82, 16.97), exposure to diarrhea (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI, 1.15, 11.07), and bottle-feeding (AOR = 3.98, 95% CI, 1.29, 12.36) were significantly associated with acute malnutrition among children attending public health facilities in Jimma town.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the sex of the child, family size, household wealth index, bottle-feeding, and maternal knowledge of child feeding were found to be independent predictors of acute malnutrition. Therefore, emphasis should be given to strengthening caregivers' socioeconomic status and improving the knowledge of mothers regarding childfeeding practices.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary beliefs among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in the Vidarbha region, Maharashtra, utilizing a mixed method approach. The study aims to assess the existing gaps in nutritional education and dietary practices among T2DM patients, with a specific focus on understanding gender-based differences in knowledge levels.

Methods: A convergent parallel mixed method approach was employed at tertiary care hospital in Vidarbha region, over 18 months. Participants aged 30 years and above, diagnosed with T2DM for at least 6 months, were included. Quantitative data collection utilized structured questionnaires during interviews to assess socio-demographic characteristics and diabetes-related nutrition knowledge. Qualitative data collection involved in-depth interviews to explore participants' perspectives on dietary beliefs and practices, ensuring ethical approval and informed consent.

Results: Total 384 T2DM patients participated, revealing significant gender disparities in diabetes-related nutrition knowledge. Male participants exhibited higher awareness levels across various aspects of dietary recommendations. Quantitative analysis highlighted gender differences in knowledge regarding recommended fruit and vegetable intake, milk product consumption, types of fruits suitable for diabetics, inclusion of rice in diabetic diets, alcohol consumption, and recommended salt intake. Qualitative analysis identified key themes related to food choices, meal timing, portion control, dietary restrictions, and cultural influences.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes gender-sensitive educational interventions to enhance diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and self-management practices among T2DM patients. Tailored interventions addressing gender-based knowledge gaps are crucial for improving diabetes management outcomes and overall health among T2DM patients in Vidarbha, Maharashtra.