Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Objective: Lower limb muscle mass (LLMM) accounts for more than 50% of the total body skeletal muscle mass. Assessing leg muscle mass in middle-aged and elderly individuals is crucial for the prevention and diagnosis of sarcopenia. Current bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices are capable of measuring LLMM, but validation studies are limited. This study compares the accuracy of BIA devices with different frequencies for measuring LLMM in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods: LLMM measurements were obtained using the following devices: foot-to-foot dual-frequency (StarBIA201, 5, 50 KHz), multi-segment single-frequency (Tanita BC418, 50 KHz), dual-frequency (InBody270, 20, 100 KHz), triple-frequency (Tanita MC780MA, 5, 50, 250 KHz), and six-frequency (InBody770, 1, 5, 50, 250, 500, 1,000 KHz). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) served as the reference standard. Comparisons were conducted using the following metrics: (1) mean difference (bias), (2) limits of agreement (LOA), (3) Pearson correlation coefficients, and (4) ordinary least product (OLP) regression analysis.

Results: A total of 153 community-dwelling individuals aged over 55 years (102 females, 51 males) were recruited. The average age of participants was 67.5 ± 8.9 years, with a BMI of 23.9 ± 3.9 kg/m² and a body fat percentage of 35.8 ± 6.5%. The correlation coefficients of StarBIA201, BC418, InBody270, MC780, and InBody770 with DXA were 0.902, 0.903, 0.917, 0.925, and 0.928, respectively. Their mean differences were -0.141, -2.731, -0.587, -1.613, and -0.625 kg, with LOAs of 4.3, 5.7, 4.0, 5.1, and 3.8 kg, respectively. StarBIA201 and InBody270 showed no fixed or proportional biases.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the four-electrode foot-to-foot BIA method shows significant practicality and potential in assessing LLMM. Compared to multi-frequency BIA and DXA, this method is simpler to operate and more convenient, making it particularly suitable for preliminary screening and assessment of sarcopenia in clinical and community settings.

Background: Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding the association of alcohol consumption with sarcopenia. Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the association of alcohol consumption with sarcopenia in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Methods: This population-based study included adults aged 18 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Alcohol exposure was defined as daily alcohol intake, alcohol drinking history, number of drinking days per week, and frequency of binge drinking days per month. Weighted logistic regressions were used to determine associations.

Results: Four cohorts were selected from the NHANES III: cohort 1 (n = 7,592), cohort 2 (n = 12,060), cohort 3 (n = 7,608), and cohort 4 (n = 7,649), corresponding to alcohol exposure categories of daily alcohol intake, drinking history, number of drinking days per week, and frequency of binge drinking days per month. In the full model, the risk of sarcopenia was significantly associated with mild (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-2.51), moderate (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.12-3.71), and heavy drinkers (OR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.17-4.97) compared to nondrinkers. There was an association between the development of sarcopenia and current drinkers (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.12-2.56) but not former drinkers (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.88-1.66). Compared to nondrinkers, an increased risk of developing sarcopenia was observed in participants who consumed alcohol 2 days (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.40-3.99) or > 2 days (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.10-3.07) per week, and those who engaged in binge drinking for ≤1 day per month (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.09-2.60) or > 1 day per month (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.10-4.01). Sensitivity analyses based on different definitions of sarcopenia yielded similar results. Stratified analyses revealed that these associations were present in females but not males.

Conclusion: Alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in all individuals, with this association being primarily observed in females rather than males.

Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are significant health concerns that elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic disorders, necessitating effective management strategies. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of dietary fats, particularly seed oils, in influencing health outcomes in these conditions. This systematic review evaluates the impact of seed oils on lipid profiles, inflammatory and oxidative markers, and glycemic control in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia. A comprehensive search across databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, identified studies focusing on the effects of seed oils. The studies include randomized controlled, parallel-design, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and open-label studies published in English. The quality of the studies was assessed through a detailed review process, and data were extracted to evaluate the effects of seed oils on key metabolic markers. The review included 11 studies demonstrating that seed oils derived from canola, flaxseed, and sesame seeds can positively influence lipid profiles and glycemic control while potentially modulating oxidative stress markers. The findings suggest that seed oils may benefit in managing diabetes and dyslipidemia, although the results are sometimes inconsistent. This review provides valuable insights for dietary recommendations and therapeutic strategies, highlighting the need for further research to clarify the role of seed oils in metabolic health.

Background: Hyperuricemia is associated with several metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and traditional treatments, such as xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, often have limitations, such as severe hypersensitivity reactions or ineffectiveness in achieving target serum urate levels in some patients. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has shown potential as a hypouricemic agent through XO inhibition.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the potential hypouricemic effect of Quercetin Phytosome™ (QP) supplementation across three cohort studies involving healthy adults with various metabolic health profiles, exploring its potential as a safe, effective intervention for hyperuricemia.

Methods: Clinical data collected in various clinics in Italy between September 2021 and April 2024 under real-life clinical settings from three distinct cohort studies, were analyzed. Cohort 1 consisted of 164 healthy participants (87 QP-treated, 77 probiotic Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius) K12-treated) who were monitored for 90 days. Cohort 2 included 22 mildly hyperuricemic adults with metabolic disorders receiving QP, while Cohort 3 comprised 64 obese adults with hypercholesterolemia, further divided into moderately hyperuricemic QP-treated group (n = 20), a moderately hyperuricemic Berberine Phytosome™ and monacolins (BM)-treated group (n = 22), and a normouricemic BM-treated group (n = 22). QP was administered at 400 mg of quercetin daily in all cohorts. Primary endpoints were reductions in serum uric acid levels, while secondary outcomes included effects on lipid profile, glycemia, liver enzymes, and treatment tolerability.

Results: In Cohort 1, QP significantly reduced uric acid levels by 15.2% in males and 13.8% in females, with no significant changes observed in the probiotic group. Cohort 2 showed a significant 13.1% reduction in uric acid (p < 0.01) and a concurrent 10.2% reduction in triglycerides (p < 0.05). In Cohort 3, QP led to a 13.7% decrease in uric acid and a 20.8% reduction in triglycerides (p < 0.01), with no significant uric acid changes in the BM-treated group. QP was well tolerated across all cohorts, with minimal, transient side effects.

Conclusion: QP supplementation demonstrates a significant hypouricemic effect. Additionally, triglyceride-lowering benefits were evident, particularly in metabolically compromised individuals (Cohorts 2 and 3), where these effects were statistically significant. With high tolerability, these findings highlight Quercetin Phytosome™'s potential as a safe adjunctive therapy for hyperuricemia management, meriting further investigation in larger, randomized trials to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT06652035.

Introduction: Thiamine (vitamin B1) in the gut is crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and host health. Our previous study identified significantly lower levels of fecal thiamine in individuals with obesity; however, its potential and mechanisms for alleviating obesity induced by a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of high-dose thiamine supplementation on HFFD-induced obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis were investigated.

Methods: HFFD-fed mice were supplemented with high-dose thiamine for eight weeks. Biochemical analysis and histological analysis were conducted to assess phenotypic changes. Fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze alterations in the gut microbiota.

Results: The results showed that high-dose thiamine supplementation for eight weeks could significantly alleviate symptoms of HFFD-induced obesity and improve HFFD-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by enhancing the tight junction function. Furthermore, oral administration of high-dose thiamine also regulated HFFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by reshaping its structure and composition of gut microbiota, such as increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, and reducing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Ruminococcus gnavus, accompanied by decreased level of gut-derived endotoxin. Finally, significant correlations were found between obesity-related phenotypes and gut microbiota through correlation analysis.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the potential mechanism by which high-dose thiamine supplementation alleviated HFFD-induced obesity might involve reshaping gut microbiota and restoring the intestinal barrier, thereby ameliorating gut microbiota-related endotoxemia.

Background: Aldosterone is the effector hormone in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and existing data suggest aldosterone affect cognitive function. However, the relationship between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and cognitive performance remains unexplored in community dwellers. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether PAC is associated with cognitive performance in this population.

Methods: We cross-sectionally enrolled adults using multistage random sampling from Emin, China in 2019. Participants underwent questionnaires and data collection. Cognitive status was assessed using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Multi-variable linear and logistic regression were used to explore the association between log PAC and log MMSE score, and between tertiled PAC (the higher PAC as the exposure) and low cognitive performance, respectively, in total, apparently healthy and diseased participants. Subgroup analyses also were performed by age, gender, BMI, living region, ethnicity and education attainment status.

Results: 27,707 subjects were included, of whom, 12,862 were apparently healthy and 14,845 had disease. Log-PAC was positively associated with log-MMSE score in the multivariable linear regression in the total (B = 0.01, 95%CI: 0-0.01, p < 0.001), apparently healthy (B = 0.01, 95%CI: 0-0.01, p = 0.007) participants, and the diseased without taking medicine (B = 0.01, 95%CI: 0.01-0.02, p = 0.004) participants. In logistic regression, the highest third tertile of PAC group showed significantly lower odds for the presence of low cognitive performance in total (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-0.93, p = 0.002) and diseased without taking medicine participants (OR = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.57-0.86, p < 0.001). Various sub-group analysis showed largely consistent results with the main analysis.

Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between plasma aldosterone and cognitive functions in community dwellers, whereas further studies are need when considering the cross-sectional nature of the current study.

Introduction: Depression is a major global mental health challenge. Previous research suggests a link between magnesium consumption and depression, but the dose-response relationship remains unclear. This study investigates the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among American adults.

Methods: Data from the 2005-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were examined. Depression was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and dietary magnesium consumption was calculated from two 24-h meal recalls. We used restricted cubic spline models, logistic regression, and sensitivity analyses to assess the connection.

Results: Among 35,252 participants (mean age: 49.5 ± 17.6 years; 49.9% women), we observed a nonlinearity in the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and depression. Below the inflection point (366.7 mg/day), the odds ratio (OR) was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997-0.999, p < 0.001). Above this point, the OR was 1.001 (95% CI: 1.000-1.002, p = 0.007). In participants aged ≥60 years, the association was inverse L-shaped, with magnesium intake ≥270.7 mg/day increasing depression incidence by 0.1% per 1 mg/d increase.

Conclusion: A nonlinear dose-response relationship exists between dietary magnesium intake and depression risk among US adults. Age significantly moderates this association, suggesting dietary recommendations should be tailored to different age groups.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among middle-aged and older individuals in the U.S. is rising, posing significant mortality risks. Diet is a key factor in MetS development, yet few studies have examined the combined effects of dietary and lifestyle factors on MetS in this group. Recently, the oxidative balance score (OBS), an indicator of oxidative status encompassing diet and physical activity, has attracted interest. This study explores the association between OBS and MetS, as well as its individual components, in middle-aged and older Americans.

Methods: Data from 6,157 participants aged 45 years and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2018) were analyzed. The OBS was calculated using 16 dietary and four lifestyle factors. Logistic regression was used to assess associations between OBS and MetS. Separate analyses examined dietary OBS (DOBS) and lifestyle OBS (LOBS) in relation to MetS.

Results: Higher OBS quartiles were associated with a reduced MetS risk (OR 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.51; p < 0.0001), after adjusting for confounders. Increased OBS was linked to decreases in waist circumference (WC) (OR 0.41; 95% CI: 0.30-0.51; p < 0.0001), triglycerides (TG) (OR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53-0.92; p = 0.0139), blood pressure (BP) (OR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.40-0.69; p < 0.0001), and fasting glucose (FG) (OR 0.61; 95% CI: 0.45-0.81; p < 0.0001), while HDL-C increased (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.51-0.90; p = 0.0065). DOBS was inversely associated with MetS through reductions in BP and FG and increased HDL-C, though it showed no significant effect on WC or TG. LOBS was associated with reductions across WC, BP, FG, TG, and an increase in HDL-C.

Conclusion: OBS is inversely associated with MetS in middle-aged and older U.S. adults. Enhancing OBS through dietary guidelines emphasizing antioxidant-rich foods, fiber, and unsaturated fats, alongside lifestyle changes like regular exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol intake, may be crucial in MetS prevention for this population.