Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Aim: This study aims to understand the association between body roundness index (BRI) and female infertility prevalence. Infertility is a public health concern with significant implications for individuals' well-being and rights.

Methods: All individuals who completed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2018 were initially included in this cross-sectional study. Following the screening, 2,777 eligible participants were selected for analysis from the original pool of 10,375 participants. Trained operators conducted anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumference. The BRI was then calculated based on established research. Data from infertility status questionnaires were gathered from the NHANES database for all participants, with self-reported infertility serving as the study outcome. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to investigate the relationship between BRI and infertility. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to further explore the association between BRI and infertility.

Results: Upon analyzing the baseline characteristics of all women in the study, notable distinctions were identified in the clinical and demographic features between fertile and infertile women. Our investigation revealed a positive correlation between BRI and the likelihood of infertility in both weighted and unweighted multiple logistic regression models. Additionally, BRI exhibited a significant association with infertility in both continuous and categorical forms. Utilizing RCS curves, we noted a linear escalation in the prevalence of infertility with rising BRI values. Subgroup analyses provided further clarity on these observations.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a statistically significant positive correlation between BRI and the prevalence of infertility across diverse populations, suggesting potential implications for infertility prevention and treatment. Future prospective cohort studies will explore this association and understand the underlying mechanisms.

Background: Since 2019, approximately 760 million SARS-CoV-2 cases have been reported globally, with post-COVID-19 syndrome posing significant challenges for cancer patients due to their immunosuppressed status and poor nutritional conditions. The role of nutritional status in influencing their infection risk and post-COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear, underscoring the need for targeted research and strategies.

Objective: To investigate the impact of baseline nutritional status on SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of post-COVID-19 syndrome in cancer patients.

Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023 in four tertiary hospitals across China. Cancer inpatients aged 18 years and older were enrolled and classified into two groups based on their Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) scores. The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection, post-COVID-19 syndrome and nutritional status were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Among 834 eligible cancer patients, 10.8% were in the high nutritional risk group (NRS ≥ 3). The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 58.8% (95% confidence interval, CI: 56.8-60.8%), and post-COVID-19 syndrome was 21.0% (95% CI: 10.4-14.4%). After adjusting for confounding factors, the high nutritional risk group had a significantly higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome compared to the low nutritional risk group (32.7% vs. 19.5%, AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.23-4.54, p = 0.010). However, no significant difference in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates was found between the two groups (61.1% vs. 58.5%, AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.70-1.80; p = 0.634).

Interpretation: Poor baseline nutritional status in cancer patients is associated with a higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome, providing preliminary information on post-COVID-19 syndrome in this population. These findings underscore the importance of adequate nutritional management in cancer patients, particularly during pandemic recurrences.

Purpose: To investigate the association between dietary vitamin D intake and low muscle mass (LMM) in a representative adult population, accounting for total energy intake and other potential confounders.

Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 8,443 participants. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, and LMM was defined based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for body mass index (BMI). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between quartiles of dietary vitamin D intake and the odds of LMM, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, total energy intake, and additional covariates.

Results: In Model 1, after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, and poverty-to-income ratio, participants in the highest quartile of vitamin D intake had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.37-0.79) compared to the lowest quartile, with a p for trend <0.001. In Model 2, after further adjustment for total energy intake and several covariates, the association was attenuated but remained borderline significant (p for trend = 0.051). In Model 3, after adjusting for additional health-related factors, the OR for the highest quartile was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.47-1.05), with a significant p for trend of 0.029.

Conclusion: This study suggests that higher dietary vitamin D intake may be associated with a reduced risk of LMM. Further longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and explore potential interactions between vitamin D and other dietary factors in muscle mass preservation.

Differentiating between an irrational versus a rational fear of hypoglycemia has treatment implications and presents significant challenge for clinicians facing patients with type 1 diabetes, illustrated in this case. A 39-year-old woman with autoimmune-positive insulin-dependent diabetes sought help to alleviate severe diabetes distress, and symptoms of depression and anxiety, associated with unpredictable drastic blood glucose drops. After exhausting conventional methods, she adopted a ketogenic diet (KD). Her glucose values decreased from around 20 mmol/L to 12 mmol/L (360 mg/dL to 216 mg/dL) in the first days. Then, by combining a KD with an insulin pump, her time in optimal glucose range increased from 8 to 51% after 2 months, reducing her HbA1c with 25 mmol/mol (2.2%). This reduced biological and psychological stress, immediately improving her mental health and renewing her hope for the future. The main concerns regarding KD in patients with comorbid type 1 diabetes is the assumed increased risk of ketoacidosis, theoretical depletion of glycogen stores, and a potential adverse effect of saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors. These concerns are evaluated against existing empirical evidence, suggesting instead that a KD may protect against acidosis, hypoglycemia, and cardiovascular risk. The present case, together with available data, indicate that patients with type 1 diabetes experiencing high levels of biological and psychological stress should be informed of the expected benefits and possible risks associated with a KD, to ensure their right to take informed decisions regarding their diabetes management.

Background: Thai desserts, celebrated for their exquisite sweetness, are widely enjoyed for personal indulgence and as cherished souvenirs. However, their high sugar content raises concerns regarding health impacts. This study aimed to quantify the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) in healthy volunteers following consumption of various Thai desserts, out of 10 renowned desserts from across Thailand, identified by the Tourism Authority of Thailand, characterized by differing sugar levels.

Method: Eight were selected based on the absence of preservatives and microbial or chemical contaminations. Each participant consumed a 50-g serving of available carbohydrate (50avCHO) from these desserts. Ninety-six healthy volunteers, with a mean age of 31.8 ± 5.7 years, a mean body weight of 57.2 ± 7.3 kg, and 63.5% women, were randomized into eight groups, with each group comprising 12 participants. Blood samples were collected pre-and post-consumption to assess GI and GL values following established protocols.

Results: The findings revealed that Phetchaburi's Custard Cake exhibited the lowest GI and GL values (53.4 and 26.7, respectively), with progressively higher values observed in Saraburi's Curry Puff (61.8 and 30.9), Nakhon Sawan's Mochi (68.9 and 34.4), Suphan Buri's Sponge Cake (75.9 and 38.0), Ayutthaya's Cotton Candy (81.4 and 40.7), Prachuap Khiri Khan's Pineapple Cheese Cake Biscuit (87.4 and 43.7), Chon Buri's Bamboo Sticky Rice (109.3 and 54.7), and Lampang's Crispy Rice Cracker (149.3 and 74.7), respectively.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates that while Thai desserts exhibit a range of GI values, their GL values are uniformly high. It underscores the importance of disseminating GI and GL information to consumers, enabling them to make informed dietary choices and moderate their intake of these sugary delicacies.

Background: Migraine is one of the most debilitating neurological disorders that causes frequent attacks of headaches and affects approximately 11% of the global population. Deficient or even insufficient levels of vital nutrients would increase the severity and frequency of migraine attacks. Therefore, we aimed to examine the practical supplements for the prevention and management of migraine attacks.

Method: This narrative review study was conducted by searching PubMed, ISI web of science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the keywords of "dietary supplement" and "migraine" plus their MeSH terms. Original articles published in English language from their inception to July 27th, 2024, studies that investigated adult population (aged >18 years), and those assessing the impact of intended nutrient supplementation on clinical symptoms of migraine were included in the study.

Result: Oxidative stress and low intake of antioxidants would be risk factors for migraine attacks by inducing inflammation. The secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, would lead to neuroinflammation and migraine episodes by increasing the cellular permeability and interactions. Evidence also indicated a direct association between phases of migraine attacks and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), mitochondrial disorders, monoaminergic pathway, disruption in brain energy metabolism, and higher serum levels of glutamate and homocysteine. Therefore, supplementation with nutrients involved in mitochondrial function, brain energy metabolism, and even methyl donors would relieve migraine attacks.

Conclusion: Evidence indicated that supplementation with riboflavin, omega-3 fatty acids, alpha lipoic acid, magnesium, probiotics, coenzyme Q10, ginger, and caffeine would have favorable effects on migraine patients. However, more prospective studies are required to evaluate the effect of other nutrients on migraine patients.

Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties and are crucial in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic stress. Exogenous calcium has been found to regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. However, the mechanism by which exogenous calcium influences flavonoid regulation in peanut roots under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, four treatment conditions were established: no salt stress, salt stress, exogenous calcium, and a combination of salt stress and exogenous calcium. The peanut root flavonoid profile was comprehensively analyzed using both a broadly targeted metabolomic approach and an absolute quantitative flavonoid metabolome. A total of 168 flavonoids were identified in the broad-target metabolome, while 68 were quantified in the absolute quantification analysis. The findings revealed that salt stress generally increased flavonoid content in peanut roots, while co-treatment with exogenous calcium significantly reduced this accumulation. Additionally, the activities of key enzymes and the expression of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated under salt stress, but downregulated following the combined treatment. This study offers valuable insights into the physiological and ecological roles of flavonoids in response to environmental stressors in economically important crops.

Western studies have shown a non-linear association between fish consumption and mortality, which might be explained by exposure to chemical contaminants. This study aims to explore the associations between fish consumption or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and mortality within the prospective E3N French cohort, and to investigate the role of dietary exposure to contaminants in these associations. In the E3N cohort composed of 72,585 women, we assessed fish consumption and n-3 PUFA intake through a food questionnaire sent in 1993. To estimate the dietary exposure to contaminants, we used the food contamination database of the second French total diet study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between fish, lean fish, fatty fish, and n-3 PUFA intake, with the risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality. During the follow-up (1993-2014), 6,441 deaths were recorded. A U-shaped association was observed between fish consumption and all-cause mortality (P_{overall_association} = 0.017). A similar association was observed with lean fish consumption, while the non-linear association between fatty fish consumption or n-3 PUFA intake and all-cause mortality did not reach statistical significance. A non-linear association was observed between fish consumption and lung cancer mortality (P_{overall_association} = 0.005). A positive and linear association was observed between fatty fish consumption or n-3 PUFA intake and breast cancer mortality (HR [CI95%]: 1.07 [1.01-1.15] and 1.08 [1.01-1.15]). Our results remained unchanged when further adjusting on dietary exposure to contaminants. Our results showed a U-shaped association between fish consumption and all-cause mortality and suggest a notable role of lean fish consumption in this association, but no role of dietary exposure to contaminants. Further studies are needed to better clarify this U-shaped association and the different impacts of fatty and lean fish consumption on health.

Background: Malnutrition in hospitalized patients remains a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Even though malnourished patients are more prone to stay longer in hospital, there is limited data regarding the magnitude of malnutrition and its effect on length of stay among surgical in patients in Ethiopia while nutritional assessment is also often a neglected component of the health service practice.

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition at admission and its effect on the length of hospital stay among adult surgical patients in Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, South Ethiopia, 2022.

Methods: A facility-based prospective cohort study was conducted among 398 admitted surgical adult patients. Participants in the study were chosen using a convenient sampling technique. Subjective global assessment was used to determine the nutritional status of patients with a minimum stay of 24 h within 48 h after admission (SGA). Data were collected by open data kit (ODK) version 2022.3.3 software while Stata version 14.1 software was employed for statistical analysis. Cox regression model was used to determine the effect of malnutrition on the length of hospital stay (LOS) after adjusted for several potential confounders taken at admission. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval was used to show the effect of malnutrition.

Results: The prevalence of hospital malnutrition at admission was 64.32% (95% CI: 59-69%) according to subjective global assessment (SGA) classification. Adult surgical patients who were malnourished at admission had higher median LOS (12 days: 95% CI: 11-13) as compared to well-nourished patients (8 days: 95% CI: 8-9), which means adult surgical patients who were malnourished at admission were at a higher risk of reduced chance of discharge with improvement (prolonged LOS) (AHR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.29-0.47) as compared to well-nourished patients. The presence of comorbidity (AHR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.50-90), poly medication (AHR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86), and history of admission (AHR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.87) within the previous 5 years were found to be the significant covariates of LOS.

Conclusion: The magnitude of hospital malnutrition at admission was found to be high. Malnourished patients at admission had a higher risk of prolonged length of hospital stay as compared to well-nourished patients. The presence of comorbidity, poly medication, and history of admission were found to be the significant covariates of LOS. All stakeholders should pay attention to reducing the magnitude of malnutrition and its covariates to improve the burden of LOS.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related mortality have increased dramatically in past decades. Our study aims to investigate the association between plain water and this prevalent metabolic disease, as water plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. A total of 3,543/3,428 individuals with NAFLD/MASLD were included in this study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Daily plain water intake was recorded, and mortality status was tracked until December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were used to assess the association between plain water intake and long-term all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality among participants with NAFLD/MASLD. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between substituting other beverages with plain water intake and the risk of mortality. The multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a significant association between higher plain water intake and lower all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality in both NAFLD or MASLD patients. Dose-response analyses revealed a non-linear trend between plain water intake and mortality among NAFLD/MASLD patients. Additionally, replacing sugar or artificial beverages with plain water was linked to reduced all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality in patients with NAFLD/MASLD. Higher plain water intake is independently linked to lower risk of all-cause, cerebrovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality in NAFLD/MASLD patients. Increasing plain water intake may be an effective way for these patients to reduce their risk of mortality.