Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1446944
Jibing Wang, Guoyan Zhang, Duona Wang, Yuanyuan Yan, Qin Yang
ObjectiveTo explore the potential strategies and mechanisms for enhancing the bioavailability of Rhodiola rosea.Methods36 Sprague–Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6 per group). Groups I and II received nano-dose forms of R. rosea, groups III and IV received normal dose form of R. rosea, and groups V and VI served as distilled water control groups. Groups II, IV, and VI were combined with moderate -intensity treadmill exercise. Each group received a daily gavage with 0.5 mL of nano -R. rosea solution (0.01 mg/mL), normal R. rosea solution, and distilled water. All rats were subjected to exhaustive swimming after 4 weeks. Outcome measures include GSH-px activity, T-AOC activity, MDA content, hepatic glycogen content, and T-SOD activity.ResultsFor plasma MDA content, group I was lower than group III (p < 0.01) and group V (p < 0.01), group II was lower than group III (p < 0.01), group VI was higher than group II (p < 0.05) and group IV (p < 0.05). For plasma T-AOC activity, group II was higher than group VI (p < 0.01). For plasma GSH-px activity, group I was lower than group IV (p < 0.05), groups II, III, and IV were higher than group V (p < 0.05), and group V was lower than that of group VI (p < 0.05). For T-SOD activity of quadriceps muscle, groups I and III were higher than that in group V (p < 0.05).ConclusionR. rosea has a positive effect on anti-exercise fatigue in rats, with the nano-dosage form of R. rosea showing more significant efficacy than the normal form especially combined with aerobic exercise.
方法将 36 只 8 周大的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠随机分为 6 组（每组 6 只）。I 组和 II 组接受纳米剂量形式的红景天，III 组和 IV 组接受正常剂量形式的红景天，V 组和 VI 组为蒸馏水对照组。第二组、第四组和第六组结合中等强度的跑步机运动。每组每天灌胃 0.5 毫升纳米玫瑰果溶液（0.01 毫克/毫升）、普通玫瑰果溶液和蒸馏水。所有大鼠均在 4 周后进行竭力游泳。结果血浆中的MDA含量，I组低于III组（p< 0.01）和V组（p< 0.01），II组低于III组（p< 0.01），VI组高于II组（p< 0.05）和IV组（p< 0.05）。在血浆 T-AOC 活性方面，II 组高于 VI 组（p &;lt;0.01）。血浆 GSH-px 活性方面，I 组低于 IV 组（p p &;lt;0.05），II、III 和 IV 组高于 V 组（p p &;lt;0.05），V 组低于 VI 组（p p &;lt;0.05）。结论 玫瑰花对大鼠抗运动性疲劳有积极作用，特别是与有氧运动相结合时，纳米制剂的玫瑰花比普通制剂的疗效更显著。
{"title":"Effects of nano-Rhodiola rosea combined with treadmill exercise on anti-exercise fatigue in rats","authors":"Jibing Wang, Guoyan Zhang, Duona Wang, Yuanyuan Yan, Qin Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1446944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1446944","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTo explore the potential strategies and mechanisms for enhancing the bioavailability of <jats:italic>Rhodiola rosea</jats:italic>.Methods36 Sprague–Dawley rats (8-weeks-old) were randomly assigned to six groups (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 6 per group). Groups I and II received nano-dose forms of <jats:italic>R. rosea</jats:italic>, groups III and IV received normal dose form of <jats:italic>R. rosea</jats:italic>, and groups V and VI served as distilled water control groups. Groups II, IV, and VI were combined with moderate -intensity treadmill exercise. Each group received a daily gavage with 0.5 mL of nano -<jats:italic>R. rosea</jats:italic> solution (0.01 mg/mL), normal <jats:italic>R. rosea</jats:italic> solution, and distilled water. All rats were subjected to exhaustive swimming after 4 weeks. Outcome measures include GSH-px activity, T-AOC activity, MDA content, hepatic glycogen content, and T-SOD activity.ResultsFor plasma MDA content, group I was lower than group III (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and group V (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), group II was lower than group III (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), group VI was higher than group II (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and group IV (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). For plasma T-AOC activity, group II was higher than group VI (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.01). For plasma GSH-px activity, group I was lower than group IV (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), groups II, III, and IV were higher than group V (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and group V was lower than that of group VI (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). For T-SOD activity of quadriceps muscle, groups I and III were higher than that in group V (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).Conclusion<jats:italic>R. rosea</jats:italic> has a positive effect on anti-exercise fatigue in rats, with the nano-dosage form of <jats:italic>R. rosea</jats:italic> showing more significant efficacy than the normal form especially combined with aerobic exercise.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1424156
Dongzhe Wu, Yishuai Jia, Yujia Liu, Mingyu Shang
PurposeThis study investigates the association between dietary Omega-3 fatty acid intake and accelerated phenotypic aging, referred to as PhenoAgeAccel. PhenoAgeAccel is defined as the difference between phenotypic biological age, calculated using blood biochemical markers, and chronological age. This study assesses the potential of Omega-3 intake to slow biological aging and its implications for public health.MethodsUtilizing data from the NHANES from 1999 to 2018, this cross-sectional study included 20,337 adult participants. Through a nationally representative sample combined with comprehensive phenotypic age calculation methods, a cross-sectional analysis of Omega-3 fatty acid intake and accelerated phenotypic aging was conducted. Weighted generalized linear regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were applied to explore the potential non-linear relationships between them. Threshold effects were further clarified through piecewise regression models, and the impact of different demographic and health characteristics was evaluated through interaction effect tests.ResultsAfter adjusting for various potential confounding factors, a significant negative correlation was found between Omega-3 fatty acid intake and PhenoAgeAccel (β = −0.071; 95% CI: −0.119, −0.024; p = 0.004), indicating that an increase in Omega-3 intake is associated with a slowdown in PhenoAgeAccel. Specifically, for each unit increase in Omega-3 intake, the accelerated phenotypic aging decreased by an average of 0.071 units, revealing a significant linear negative correlation between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel. Moreover, threshold effect analysis identified an Omega-3 fatty acid intake threshold (1.103 grams/day), beyond which the impact of Omega-3 intake on accelerated phenotypic aging tends to stabilize. Additionally, factors such as gender, age, race, and hypertension may influence the relationship between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel, suggesting individual dietary guidance needs in different populations.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential role of dietary Omega-3 fatty acids in regulating PhenoAgeAccel and supports the strategy of delaying the aging process through dietary interventions to increase Omega-3 intake. The findings of this study contributes to the development of precise nutritional intervention strategies for different populations to optimize healthy longevity.
{"title":"Dose–response relationship of dietary Omega-3 fatty acids on slowing phenotypic age acceleration: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Dongzhe Wu, Yishuai Jia, Yujia Liu, Mingyu Shang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1424156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1424156","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study investigates the association between dietary Omega-3 fatty acid intake and accelerated phenotypic aging, referred to as PhenoAgeAccel. PhenoAgeAccel is defined as the difference between phenotypic biological age, calculated using blood biochemical markers, and chronological age. This study assesses the potential of Omega-3 intake to slow biological aging and its implications for public health.MethodsUtilizing data from the NHANES from 1999 to 2018, this cross-sectional study included 20,337 adult participants. Through a nationally representative sample combined with comprehensive phenotypic age calculation methods, a cross-sectional analysis of Omega-3 fatty acid intake and accelerated phenotypic aging was conducted. Weighted generalized linear regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were applied to explore the potential non-linear relationships between them. Threshold effects were further clarified through piecewise regression models, and the impact of different demographic and health characteristics was evaluated through interaction effect tests.ResultsAfter adjusting for various potential confounding factors, a significant negative correlation was found between Omega-3 fatty acid intake and PhenoAgeAccel (<jats:italic>β</jats:italic> = −0.071; 95% CI: −0.119, −0.024; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004), indicating that an increase in Omega-3 intake is associated with a slowdown in PhenoAgeAccel. Specifically, for each unit increase in Omega-3 intake, the accelerated phenotypic aging decreased by an average of 0.071 units, revealing a significant linear negative correlation between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel. Moreover, threshold effect analysis identified an Omega-3 fatty acid intake threshold (1.103 grams/day), beyond which the impact of Omega-3 intake on accelerated phenotypic aging tends to stabilize. Additionally, factors such as gender, age, race, and hypertension may influence the relationship between Omega-3 intake and PhenoAgeAccel, suggesting individual dietary guidance needs in different populations.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential role of dietary Omega-3 fatty acids in regulating PhenoAgeAccel and supports the strategy of delaying the aging process through dietary interventions to increase Omega-3 intake. The findings of this study contributes to the development of precise nutritional intervention strategies for different populations to optimize healthy longevity.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1446485
Janna Cropotova, Kristine Kvangarsnes, Turid Rustad, Janne Stangeland, Gabriella Roda, Melissa Fanzaga, Martina Bartolomei, Carmen Lammi
Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis allows for smart valorization of fish side streams. However, further treatments are normally needed to enhance bioactive and functional properties of the obtained FPH. At present, the commonly used methods to improve functional properties of FPH include chemical and enzymatic modification. Chemical treatments often cause environmental problems, while the enzymatic modification method requires the use of quite expensive enzymes. In recent years, emerging technologies such as ultrasound treatment (US-treatment) have shown great potential in protein modification with high efficiency and safety, low energy consumption, and low nutritional destructiveness. In this study, high-power ultrasound treatments were applied to fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) extracted from Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) side streams to improve their quality parameters. The effect of three different treatments of 300 W, 450 W and 600 W at the operating frequency of 20 kHz for 10 min on the physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics of FPH, were examined. The results have shown that with an increase in ultrasound power, the protein solubility of FPH increased linearly, and the changes were significant for all US-treated samples compared to control (untreated) samples. US-treatment significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis of FPH samples treated with 450 W and 600 W compared to control samples. The carbonyl content of FPH increased (significantly for 450 W and 600 W), while thiol groups decreased (significantly for 300 W and 450 W). This indicated that some US-treatments induced oxidation of FPH, however the values of the protein oxidation were low. Amino acid composition of FPH revealed that US-treatment increased the proportion of essential amino acids in the sample treated with 300 W and 450 W, but the increase was not significant. After the US-treatment, all FPH samples became lighter and less yellowish and reddish, which suggest potentially higher attractiveness to consumers. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays and the cell-free dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity was also measured. Moreover, these biological activities were measured at cellular level utilizing human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Specifically, the FPH capacity to lower H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels was used to measure its antioxidant activity. The findings suggest that Scomber scombrus hydrolysates could find use as ingredients for promoting health.
通过酶水解法获得的鱼蛋白水解物（FPH）可实现鱼副产品的智能增值。不过，通常还需要进一步处理，以提高所得 FPH 的生物活性和功能特性。目前，改善 FPH 功能特性的常用方法包括化学和酶改性。化学处理通常会造成环境问题，而酶改性方法则需要使用相当昂贵的酶。近年来，超声处理（US-treatment）等新兴技术在蛋白质改性方面显示出巨大的潜力，具有高效、安全、低能耗、低营养破坏性等特点。本研究对从大西洋鲭（Scomber scombrus）侧流中提取的鱼蛋白水解物（FPH）进行了高功率超声处理，以改善其质量参数。在工作频率为 20 kHz 的条件下，分别使用 300 W、450 W 和 600 W 的超声波处理 10 分钟，对 FPH 的物理化学、结构和功能特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明，随着超声功率的增加，FPH 的蛋白质溶解度呈线性增加，与对照（未处理）样品相比，所有经 US 处理的样品的蛋白质溶解度都有显著变化。与对照样品相比，经 450 W 和 600 W US 处理的 FPH 样品的水解程度明显增加。FPH 的羰基含量增加（450 W 和 600 W 显著增加），而硫醇基则减少（300 W 和 450 W 显著减少）。这表明某些 US 处理会引起 FPH 氧化，但蛋白质氧化值较低。FPH的氨基酸组成显示，经 US 处理后，300 W 和 450 W 处理的样品中必需氨基酸的比例有所增加，但增幅不明显。经过 US 处理后，所有 FPH 样品的颜色都变浅了，淡黄和淡红的程度降低，这表明对消费者的吸引力可能会提高。此外，还使用 DPPH、FRAP 和 ABTS 法评估了体外抗氧化活性，并测定了无细胞二肽基肽酶 IV（DPP-IV）抑制活性。此外，还利用人体肠道 Caco-2 细胞在细胞水平上测量了这些生物活性。具体来说，FPH 降低 H2O2 诱导的活性氧（ROS）和脂质过氧化水平的能力被用来衡量其抗氧化活性。研究结果表明，黄颡鱼水解物可用作促进健康的成分。
{"title":"Effect of ultrasound treatment on quality parameters and health promoting activity of fish protein hydrolysates extracted from side streams of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)","authors":"Janna Cropotova, Kristine Kvangarsnes, Turid Rustad, Janne Stangeland, Gabriella Roda, Melissa Fanzaga, Martina Bartolomei, Carmen Lammi","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1446485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1446485","url":null,"abstract":"Fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis allows for smart valorization of fish side streams. However, further treatments are normally needed to enhance bioactive and functional properties of the obtained FPH. At present, the commonly used methods to improve functional properties of FPH include chemical and enzymatic modification. Chemical treatments often cause environmental problems, while the enzymatic modification method requires the use of quite expensive enzymes. In recent years, emerging technologies such as ultrasound treatment (US-treatment) have shown great potential in protein modification with high efficiency and safety, low energy consumption, and low nutritional destructiveness. In this study, high-power ultrasound treatments were applied to fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) extracted from Atlantic mackerel (<jats:italic>Scomber scombrus</jats:italic>) side streams to improve their quality parameters. The effect of three different treatments of 300 W, 450 W and 600 W at the operating frequency of 20 kHz for 10 min on the physicochemical, structural, and functional characteristics of FPH, were examined. The results have shown that with an increase in ultrasound power, the protein solubility of FPH increased linearly, and the changes were significant for all US-treated samples compared to control (untreated) samples. US-treatment significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis of FPH samples treated with 450 W and 600 W compared to control samples. The carbonyl content of FPH increased (significantly for 450 W and 600 W), while thiol groups decreased (significantly for 300 W and 450 W). This indicated that some US-treatments induced oxidation of FPH, however the values of the protein oxidation were low. Amino acid composition of FPH revealed that US-treatment increased the proportion of essential amino acids in the sample treated with 300 W and 450 W, but the increase was not significant. After the US-treatment, all FPH samples became lighter and less yellowish and reddish, which suggest potentially higher attractiveness to consumers. In addition, the <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic> antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays and the cell-free dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity was also measured. Moreover, these biological activities were measured at cellular level utilizing human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Specifically, the FPH capacity to lower H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels was used to measure its antioxidant activity. The findings suggest that <jats:italic>Scomber scombrus</jats:italic> hydrolysates could find use as ingredients for promoting health.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1430835
Wenxia Xie, Huizhuo Liu, Qiaoxin Lin, Liyou Lian, Bin Liang
BackgroundPatients with cancer frequently exhibit alterations in serum lipid profiles associated with chemotherapy. It has been reported that lipid distribution in cancer correlates with tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of serum lipid biomarkers in cancer survivors remains a subject of debate. We aim to explore the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) and the prognosis of cancer survivors.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed cancer survivor data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999–2000 to 2017–2018. The study included prospective cohorts that included total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as well as mortality data. Weighted multivariate cox regression models, competing risk models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to investigate the association between NHHR and cancer survival. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.ResultsThis study involved 4,177 participants, representing about 19.6 million U.S. adults. After adjustment for various factors, the lower NHHR group (≤1.64) had a 31% (HR 1.31; 95% CI [1.11,1.54], p = 0.001) higher risk of death from any cause compared to the higher NHHR group. The link between NHHR and mortality remained stable across most subgroups, with notable interactions for smoking (p = 0.006) and diabetes status (p = 0.046). A J-shaped pattern was observed between NHHR and all-cause mortality, significantly among obesity-related cancer survivors (overall association test p-value = 0.0068, non-linear association test p-value = 0.0016). However, a non-significant negative correlation was observed for cancer-specific mortality (overall association test p-value = 0.48, non-linear association test p-value = 0.66). Considering the competitive risk of heart disease and cancer-specific mortality, there is no difference between the high and low NHHR groups, while the low NHHR group showed an increased risk of non-specific causes of death (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that NHHR is an important indicator that is strongly associated with all-cause mortality in cancer survivors, and that this relationship may be influenced by the interaction of diabetes and smoking status. This finding may provide important information for future research and patient management.
背景癌症患者的血清脂质谱常因化疗而发生改变。据报道，癌症患者的血脂分布与肿瘤进展相关。然而，癌症幸存者血清脂质生物标志物的预后价值仍存在争议。我们旨在探讨非高密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白比值（NHHR）与癌症幸存者预后之间的关系。方法在这项研究中，我们分析了1999-2000年至2017-2018年美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）中的癌症幸存者数据。研究包括前瞻性队列，其中包括总胆固醇（TC）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平以及死亡率数据。研究采用了加权多变量cox回归模型、竞争风险模型和限制性立方样条曲线（RCS）模型来研究NHHR与癌症生存率之间的关系。研究还进行了分组分析和敏感性分析，以检验结果的稳健性。结果这项研究涉及 4,177 名参与者，代表了约 1,960 万美国成年人。在对各种因素进行调整后，与NHHR较高的人群相比，NHHR较低的人群（≤1.64）因任何原因死亡的风险高出31%（HR 1.31；95% CI [1.11,1.54]，p = 0.001）。在大多数亚组中，NHHR与死亡率之间的关系保持稳定，吸烟（p = 0.006）和糖尿病状态（p = 0.046）之间存在显著的交互作用。在 NHHR 与全因死亡率之间观察到一种 J 型模式，在肥胖相关癌症幸存者中尤为明显（总体关联检验 p 值 = 0.0068，非线性关联检验 p 值 = 0.0016）。然而，在癌症特异性死亡率方面却观察到了不显著的负相关性（总体相关性检验 p 值 = 0.48，非线性相关性检验 p 值 = 0.66）。考虑到心脏病和癌症特异性死亡率的竞争风险，高 NHHR 组和低 NHHR 组之间没有差异，而低 NHHR 组的非特异性死因风险增加（p &p;lt;0.001）。这一发现可为今后的研究和患者管理提供重要信息。
{"title":"Association of non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) with prognosis in cancer survivors: a population-based study in the United States","authors":"Wenxia Xie, Huizhuo Liu, Qiaoxin Lin, Liyou Lian, Bin Liang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1430835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1430835","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPatients with cancer frequently exhibit alterations in serum lipid profiles associated with chemotherapy. It has been reported that lipid distribution in cancer correlates with tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of serum lipid biomarkers in cancer survivors remains a subject of debate. We aim to explore the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) and the prognosis of cancer survivors.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed cancer survivor data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999–2000 to 2017–2018. The study included prospective cohorts that included total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as well as mortality data. Weighted multivariate cox regression models, competing risk models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to investigate the association between NHHR and cancer survival. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results.ResultsThis study involved 4,177 participants, representing about 19.6 million U.S. adults. After adjustment for various factors, the lower NHHR group (≤1.64) had a 31% (HR 1.31; 95% CI [1.11,1.54], <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001) higher risk of death from any cause compared to the higher NHHR group. The link between NHHR and mortality remained stable across most subgroups, with notable interactions for smoking (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.006) and diabetes status (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.046). A J-shaped pattern was observed between NHHR and all-cause mortality, significantly among obesity-related cancer survivors (overall association test <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-value = 0.0068, non-linear association test <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-value = 0.0016). However, a non-significant negative correlation was observed for cancer-specific mortality (overall association test <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-value = 0.48, non-linear association test <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-value = 0.66). Considering the competitive risk of heart disease and cancer-specific mortality, there is no difference between the high and low NHHR groups, while the low NHHR group showed an increased risk of non-specific causes of death (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that NHHR is an important indicator that is strongly associated with all-cause mortality in cancer survivors, and that this relationship may be influenced by the interaction of diabetes and smoking status. This finding may provide important information for future research and patient management.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1419862
Jyoti Dhatwalia, Amita Kumari, Ishita Guleria, Rakesh Kumar Shukla, Na’il Saleh, Heba A. S. El-Nashar, Mohamed El-Shazly
Rubus ellipticus Smith is an evergreen shrub in the Rosaceae family, commonly known as yellow Himalayan raspberry. The objective of this study is to determine the morphological analysis, minerals, proximate, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, and carotenoids content in R. ellipticus fruits. The fruit samples were collected from four different sites with different altitudes [500 m (District Bilaspur), 1,000 m (District Hamirpur), 1,500 m (District Solan) and 2,000 m (District Shimla)] of Himachal Pradesh for the two consecutive years (2018 and 2019). The fruit morphological investigation revealed that the maximum length (7.71 ± 0.08 mm), width (8.71 ± 0.03 mm), and weight (0.80 ± 0.01 g) of fruits is achieved at higher altitudes (2,000 m) in the year 2018 as compared to 2019. The mineral content (0.05–36.6 mg/g DW), ascorbic acid content (14.59–23.64 mg/g DW), proteins (95.20–131 mg/g DW), and crude fibers (5.6–11.5%) were also higher in fruits grown at 2,000 m altitude, whereas carbohydrates (210–398 mg/g DW), crude fat (2.4–4.1%), and anthocyanins (0.42–1.35 mg/100 g FW) contents were higher in fruits collected from 500 m altitude. According to the results, R. ellipticus fruits were rich in crude fiber, moisture, carbohydrates, protein, ash, and crude fat, as well as in micronutrients, and displayed significant variation with altitude in nutrient content. This could be due to the different environmental, geographical, and weather conditions. The high nutrient content of R. ellipticus suggests its future potential applications for the food and pharmaceutical industry.
{"title":"Effect of altitude and harvest year on nutraceutical characteristics of Rubus ellipticus fruits","authors":"Jyoti Dhatwalia, Amita Kumari, Ishita Guleria, Rakesh Kumar Shukla, Na’il Saleh, Heba A. S. El-Nashar, Mohamed El-Shazly","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1419862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1419862","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Rubus ellipticus</jats:italic> Smith is an evergreen shrub in the Rosaceae family, commonly known as yellow Himalayan raspberry. The objective of this study is to determine the morphological analysis, minerals, proximate, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, and carotenoids content in <jats:italic>R. ellipticus</jats:italic> fruits. The fruit samples were collected from four different sites with different altitudes [500 m (District Bilaspur), 1,000 m (District Hamirpur), 1,500 m (District Solan) and 2,000 m (District Shimla)] of Himachal Pradesh for the two consecutive years (2018 and 2019). The fruit morphological investigation revealed that the maximum length (7.71 ± 0.08 mm), width (8.71 ± 0.03 mm), and weight (0.80 ± 0.01 g) of fruits is achieved at higher altitudes (2,000 m) in the year 2018 as compared to 2019. The mineral content (0.05–36.6 mg/g DW), ascorbic acid content (14.59–23.64 mg/g DW), proteins (95.20–131 mg/g DW), and crude fibers (5.6–11.5%) were also higher in fruits grown at 2,000 m altitude, whereas carbohydrates (210–398 mg/g DW), crude fat (2.4–4.1%), and anthocyanins (0.42–1.35 mg/100 g FW) contents were higher in fruits collected from 500 m altitude. According to the results, <jats:italic>R. ellipticus</jats:italic> fruits were rich in crude fiber, moisture, carbohydrates, protein, ash, and crude fat, as well as in micronutrients, and displayed significant variation with altitude in nutrient content. This could be due to the different environmental, geographical, and weather conditions. The high nutrient content of <jats:italic>R. ellipticus</jats:italic> suggests its future potential applications for the food and pharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1463089
Jiaqing Sun, Jian Han, Xiaofeng Jiang, Yali Ying, Shenghao Li
BackgroundIn the 21st century, childhood overweight and obesity have become major public health issues worldwide. Previous studies have shown that breastfeeding helps prevent overweight or obesity in children. Despite the significant advantages of breastfeeding, the global exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under 6 months old is only 40%, while in the United States, the rate is only 25%. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between breastfeeding duration and BMI in children aged 2 to 6 in the United States, and to raise awareness of breastfeeding.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 2,769 participants between the ages of 2 and 6 from a sample that represented the entire NHANES 2009–2018. Data was analyzed using EmpowerStats, (www.empowerstats.com) linear regression as well as Chi-square test, t-tests, multivariate regression analysis and smooth cure fitting were done.ResultsBreastfeeding duration long-term group exhibited a statistically significant negative association with BMI, with a regression coefficient of −0.21 (P < 0.05). The continuous analysis of breastfeeding duration by tertile also demonstrate a statistically significant negative association with BMI. Subgroup analysis revealed that the potential benefits of breastfeeding on BMI were more obvious in low-income environments and maternal age 18 to 35 years, with a regression coefficient of −0.57 and −0.24, respectively (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding in reducing childhood overweight/obesity and preventing associated diseases, both in clinical and public health settings.
{"title":"Association between breastfeeding duration and BMI, 2009–2018: a population-based study","authors":"Jiaqing Sun, Jian Han, Xiaofeng Jiang, Yali Ying, Shenghao Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1463089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1463089","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundIn the 21st century, childhood overweight and obesity have become major public health issues worldwide. Previous studies have shown that breastfeeding helps prevent overweight or obesity in children. Despite the significant advantages of breastfeeding, the global exclusive breastfeeding rate for infants under 6 months old is only 40%, while in the United States, the rate is only 25%. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between breastfeeding duration and BMI in children aged 2 to 6 in the United States, and to raise awareness of breastfeeding.MethodsA cross-sectional study included 2,769 participants between the ages of 2 and 6 from a sample that represented the entire NHANES 2009–2018. Data was analyzed using EmpowerStats, (<jats:ext-link>www.empowerstats.com</jats:ext-link>) linear regression as well as Chi-square test, t-tests, multivariate regression analysis and smooth cure fitting were done.ResultsBreastfeeding duration long-term group exhibited a statistically significant negative association with BMI, with a regression coefficient of −0.21 (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The continuous analysis of breastfeeding duration by tertile also demonstrate a statistically significant negative association with BMI. Subgroup analysis revealed that the potential benefits of breastfeeding on BMI were more obvious in low-income environments and maternal age 18 to 35 years, with a regression coefficient of −0.57 and −0.24, respectively (all <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding in reducing childhood overweight/obesity and preventing associated diseases, both in clinical and public health settings.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1432647
Young Sun Kim, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Sun Young Yang, Ji Hyun Song, Jiyoung Youn, Gabby Yoon Jeong Kwon, Jung Eun Lee
IntroductionColorectal adenomas are recognized as precursors to colorectal cancer through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Identifying modifiable dietary factors that may inhibit cancer progression is critical, but epidemiologic studies in Asian populations are scarce.MethodsThis study explored the impact of fish and meat intake on colorectal adenoma risk among Koreans. The study enrolled asymptomatic adults who visited Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center for health check-ups from May to December 2011. All participants underwent screening colonoscopy and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. The study included 536 adenoma patients, 135 high-risk adenoma patients and 1,122 adenoma-free controls. Using multivariate logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fish and meat intake related to colorectal adenoma status, significant at p < 0.05.ResultsThe intake of total fish, meat, red meat, chicken or processed meat showed no clear association with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma after adjusting for age, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, colorectal cancer family history, total energy intake, and total fruit and vegetable intake. However, higher fish intake was associated with lower odds of high-risk colorectal adenoma, with a significant trend observed across quartiles (P for trend = 0.04). This trend was more pronounced among men than women (P for trend = 0.01).ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed a significant inverse association between high fish intake and the prevalence of high-risk adenoma, but there were no clear associations between red and processed meat or chicken in the Korean population.
导言大肠腺瘤被认为是通过腺瘤-癌序列发展成大肠癌的前兆。本研究探讨了鱼类和肉类摄入量对韩国人结肠直肠腺瘤风险的影响。研究招募了2011年5月至12月期间到首尔大学医院医疗保健系统江南中心进行健康检查的无症状成年人。所有参与者都接受了结肠镜检查，并填写了有效的食物频率问卷。研究对象包括536名腺瘤患者、135名高风险腺瘤患者和1122名无腺瘤对照者。通过多变量逻辑回归，我们计算出了鱼类和肉类摄入量与结直肠腺瘤状态相关的几率比（ORs）和 95% 的置信区间（CIs），在 p < 0.05 时显著。结果在对年龄、教育程度、吸烟状况、酒精摄入量、体力活动、体重指数、代谢综合征、结直肠癌家族史、总能量摄入量以及水果和蔬菜总摄入量进行调整后，鱼类、肉类、红肉、鸡肉或加工肉类的总摄入量与结直肠腺瘤发病率无明显关联。然而，鱼类摄入量越高，患高危结直肠腺瘤的几率就越低，而且在不同的四分位数中都有显著的趋势（趋势 P = 0.04）。总之，我们观察到鱼类摄入量高与高危腺瘤发病率之间存在显著的反向关系，但在韩国人群中，红肉和加工肉类或鸡肉之间没有明显的关系。
{"title":"Fish and meat intake in relation to colorectal adenoma in asymptomatic Korean adults","authors":"Young Sun Kim, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Sun Young Yang, Ji Hyun Song, Jiyoung Youn, Gabby Yoon Jeong Kwon, Jung Eun Lee","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1432647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1432647","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionColorectal adenomas are recognized as precursors to colorectal cancer through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Identifying modifiable dietary factors that may inhibit cancer progression is critical, but epidemiologic studies in Asian populations are scarce.MethodsThis study explored the impact of fish and meat intake on colorectal adenoma risk among Koreans. The study enrolled asymptomatic adults who visited Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center for health check-ups from May to December 2011. All participants underwent screening colonoscopy and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. The study included 536 adenoma patients, 135 high-risk adenoma patients and 1,122 adenoma-free controls. Using multivariate logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for fish and meat intake related to colorectal adenoma status, significant at <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05.ResultsThe intake of total fish, meat, red meat, chicken or processed meat showed no clear association with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma after adjusting for age, education, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, colorectal cancer family history, total energy intake, and total fruit and vegetable intake. However, higher fish intake was associated with lower odds of high-risk colorectal adenoma, with a significant trend observed across quartiles (P for trend = 0.04). This trend was more pronounced among men than women (P for trend = 0.01).ConclusionIn conclusion, we observed a significant inverse association between high fish intake and the prevalence of high-risk adenoma, but there were no clear associations between red and processed meat or chicken in the Korean population.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ObjectiveTo assess the potential value of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) as a predictor of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in patients with sepsis.MethodsA prospective study was conducted, and 209 patients who were diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at teaching hospitals in China were enrolled from June 2023 to December 2023. The serum FGF19 level was determined at ICU admission. The differences in serum FGF19 levels between the two groups were compared via the Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to identify the correlations of the FGF19 concentration with other clinical variables and biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the value of FGF19 in predicting GI dysfunction in patients with sepsis.ResultsThe total ICU mortality rate was 13.3% (24/180). There was a tendency toward increased ICU mortality in patients with sepsis-associated GI dysfunction compared with patients without GI dysfunction with statistical significance (21.9% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.031). Serum FGF19 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis-associated GI dysfunction than in patients without GI dysfunction [355.1 (37.2, 2315.4) μg/mL vs. 127.4 (5.7, 944.2) μg/mL, p = 0.003]. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the ability of FGF19 to predict GI dysfunction in patients with sepsis was 0.773 (95% CI 0.712 ~ 0.827), which was greater than the predictive capacity of PCT [AUC = 0.632 (95% CI 0.562 ~ 0.804)].ConclusionSerum FGF19 could be considered as a novel predictor or biomarker of GI dysfunction in patients with sepsis.
{"title":"Clinical value of fibroblast growth factor 19 in predicting gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with sepsis","authors":"Linsai Guan, Feiyao Wang, Jingni Chen, Yanxin Xu, Weixing Zhang, Jianping Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1442203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1442203","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTo assess the potential value of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) as a predictor of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in patients with sepsis.MethodsA prospective study was conducted, and 209 patients who were diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at teaching hospitals in China were enrolled from June 2023 to December 2023. The serum FGF19 level was determined at ICU admission. The differences in serum FGF19 levels between the two groups were compared via the Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to identify the correlations of the FGF19 concentration with other clinical variables and biomarkers. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the value of FGF19 in predicting GI dysfunction in patients with sepsis.ResultsThe total ICU mortality rate was 13.3% (24/180). There was a tendency toward increased ICU mortality in patients with sepsis-associated GI dysfunction compared with patients without GI dysfunction with statistical significance (21.9% vs. 8.6%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.031). Serum FGF19 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis-associated GI dysfunction than in patients without GI dysfunction [355.1 (37.2, 2315.4) μg/mL vs. 127.4 (5.7, 944.2) μg/mL, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003]. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the ability of FGF19 to predict GI dysfunction in patients with sepsis was 0.773 (95% CI 0.712 ~ 0.827), which was greater than the predictive capacity of PCT [AUC = 0.632 (95% CI 0.562 ~ 0.804)].ConclusionSerum FGF19 could be considered as a novel predictor or biomarker of GI dysfunction in patients with sepsis.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1463502
Yu-Jin Kwon, Young Su Joo, Hae-Ryong Yun, Li Rang Lim, Juyeon Yang, Hye Sun Lee, Hyung-Mi Kim, Hyangkyu Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Ji-Won Lee
IntroductionEmerging evidence highlights the potential advantages of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in preserving kidney function and slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, interventional studies on the MD are scarce in East Asian populations.MethodsThis randomized crossover trial aimed to assess the safety and short-term impact of the Mediterranean Proper Optimal Balance (MEDi-POB) diet in Korean patients with stage 3–4 CKD. Kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate, which was calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Fifty patients with CKD were randomly assigned to two groups, each starting with a different 4-week intervention, followed by a 4-week washout period, followed by a switch to the other 4-week intervention. During the MEDi-POB intervention, patients received home delivery of meals twice daily, 5 days a week, while the control intervention comprised a conventional diet. Forty-six patients successfully completed the entire 12-week trial. Paired t-tests were conducted to assess mean differences between the two groups. A linear mixed model was used to adjust for sequence and period.ResultsDietary fat, fiber, and niacin intake were significantly higher following the MEDi-POB diet than following the control diet (p = 0.001 for fat, p < 0.001 for fiber, and p = 0.007 for niacin). The MEDi-POB diet also yielded slightly increased total CO2 levels (p = 0.043), indicating effective management of metabolic acidosis. Conversely, sodium and copper intake were significantly lower with the MEDi-POB diet (p = 0.032 and p = 0.037, respectively). Caloric intake increased, but body mass index slightly decreased from baseline after consuming the MEDi-POB diet. Dietary potassium intake exhibited a non-significant increase (p = 0.053), and no significant changes in serum (p = 0.883) and urine potassium levels (p = 0.087) occurred. Kidney function remained well-preserved following the MEDi-POB diet.ConclusionThese results indicate that the MEDi-POB diet is safe even in patients with advanced CKD, as it does not adversely affect serum and urine potassium levels and helps maintain kidney function.
导言：越来越多的证据表明，地中海饮食（Mediterranean diet，MD）在保护肾功能和减缓慢性肾病（CKD）进展方面具有潜在优势。本随机交叉试验旨在评估地中海适当最佳平衡饮食（MEDi-POB）对韩国 3-4 期 CKD 患者的安全性和短期影响。肾功能通过估算肾小球滤过率进行评估，估算肾小球滤过率采用 CKD 流行病学协作组公式计算。50 名慢性肾脏病患者被随机分配到两组，每组从不同的 4 周干预措施开始，然后是 4 周的冲洗期，接着转为另一种 4 周干预措施。在MEDi-POB干预期间，患者每周5天、每天两次接受送餐上门服务，而对照干预则包括常规饮食。46 名患者成功完成了整个为期 12 周的试验。对两组患者的平均差异进行了配对 t 检验。结果采用 MEDi-POB 膳食的膳食脂肪、纤维和烟酸摄入量明显高于对照组（脂肪 p = 0.001，纤维 p < 0.001，烟酸 p = 0.007）。MEDi-POB 日粮的二氧化碳总含量也略有增加（p = 0.043），表明代谢性酸中毒得到了有效控制。相反，MEDi-POB 日粮的钠和铜摄入量明显降低（p = 0.032 和 p = 0.037）。摄入 MEDi-POB 膳食后，热量摄入增加，但体重指数比基线略有下降。膳食中钾的摄入量没有显著增加（p = 0.053），血清（p = 0.883）和尿液（p = 0.087）中的钾含量也没有发生显著变化。结论这些结果表明，即使是晚期慢性肾脏病患者，MEDi-POB 饮食也是安全的，因为它不会对血清和尿钾水平产生不利影响，并有助于维持肾功能。
{"title":"Safety and impact of the Mediterranean diet in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot randomized crossover trial","authors":"Yu-Jin Kwon, Young Su Joo, Hae-Ryong Yun, Li Rang Lim, Juyeon Yang, Hye Sun Lee, Hyung-Mi Kim, Hyangkyu Lee, Jung Eun Lee, Ji-Won Lee","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1463502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1463502","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionEmerging evidence highlights the potential advantages of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in preserving kidney function and slowing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. However, interventional studies on the MD are scarce in East Asian populations.MethodsThis randomized crossover trial aimed to assess the safety and short-term impact of the Mediterranean Proper Optimal Balance (MEDi-POB) diet in Korean patients with stage 3–4 CKD. Kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate, which was calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Fifty patients with CKD were randomly assigned to two groups, each starting with a different 4-week intervention, followed by a 4-week washout period, followed by a switch to the other 4-week intervention. During the MEDi-POB intervention, patients received home delivery of meals twice daily, 5 days a week, while the control intervention comprised a conventional diet. Forty-six patients successfully completed the entire 12-week trial. Paired <jats:italic>t</jats:italic>-tests were conducted to assess mean differences between the two groups. A linear mixed model was used to adjust for sequence and period.ResultsDietary fat, fiber, and niacin intake were significantly higher following the MEDi-POB diet than following the control diet (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001 for fat, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001 for fiber, and <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.007 for niacin). The MEDi-POB diet also yielded slightly increased total CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.043), indicating effective management of metabolic acidosis. Conversely, sodium and copper intake were significantly lower with the MEDi-POB diet (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.032 and <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.037, respectively). Caloric intake increased, but body mass index slightly decreased from baseline after consuming the MEDi-POB diet. Dietary potassium intake exhibited a non-significant increase (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.053), and no significant changes in serum (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.883) and urine potassium levels (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.087) occurred. Kidney function remained well-preserved following the MEDi-POB diet.ConclusionThese results indicate that the MEDi-POB diet is safe even in patients with advanced CKD, as it does not adversely affect serum and urine potassium levels and helps maintain kidney function.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1392135
Guido K. W. Frank, Barbara Scolnick
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder. However, we lack neurobiological models and interventions to explain and treat the core characteristics of food restriction, feeling fat, and body size overestimation. Research has made progress in understanding brain function involved in the pathophysiology of AN, but translating those results into biological therapies has been challenging. Studies have suggested that metabolic factors could contribute to developing and maintaining AN pathophysiology. Here, we describe a neurobiological model for why using a therapeutic ketogenic diet could address key alterations in brain function in AN and prevent the desire for weight loss and associated eating disorder-specific symptoms. This translational model is based on animal studies and human data and integrates behavioral traits, brain neural energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter function. Pilot data indicate that the intervention can dramatically reduce eating and body-related fears, although larger studies across illness stages still need to be conducted.
神经性厌食症（AN）是一种严重的精神疾病。然而，我们缺乏神经生物学模型和干预措施来解释和治疗厌食症的核心特征：食物限制、感觉肥胖和高估体型。研究人员在了解与厌食症病理生理学有关的大脑功能方面取得了进展，但将这些成果转化为生物疗法却面临挑战。研究表明，新陈代谢因素可能会导致自闭症病理生理学的发展和维持。在这里，我们描述了一个神经生物学模型，说明为什么使用治疗性生酮饮食可以解决 AN 中大脑功能的关键改变，并防止减肥欲望和相关的饮食失调特异性症状。该转化模型以动物研究和人类数据为基础，综合了行为特征、大脑神经能量代谢和神经递质功能。试验数据表明，该干预措施可显著减少进食和与身体相关的恐惧，但仍需进行更大规模的跨疾病阶段的研究。
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