Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is highly prevalent among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and liver fibrosis represents its strongest predictor of adverse outcomes. Soft drinks (SDs), a major source of added sugars and fructose, have been linked to metabolic disorders, but evidence on their relationship with liver fibrosis in patients with T2DM is limited. This study investigated the association between SDs consumption and liver fibrosis in adults with both T2DM and liver steatosis.

Methods: We analyzed 273 participants from the TESEO-DM cohort with imaging-documented hepatic steatosis (Controlled Attenuation Parameter, CAP ≥248 dB/m). SDs intake was assessed using the validated EPIC food frequency questionnaire and categorized as rarely/never, 1-4 servings per month, or >1 servings per week. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was assessed using vibration-controlled transient elastography and LSM >7 used as cut-off to define significant liver fibrosis.

Results: In age- and sex-adjusted linear regression, SDs intake was directly associated with LSM (β = 0.181, 95% CI: 0.062-0.299, p = 0.003). The association remained significant after adjustment for diabetes duration, total caloric intake, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and either body mass index (β = 0.153, 95% CI: 0.032-0.274, p = 0.014) or CAP (β = 0.150; 95% CI: 0.028-0.274; p = 0.017). In logistic regression, participants consuming >1 SDs per week had increased odds of significant liver fibrosis (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.33-10.66) compared with those rarely or never consuming SDs independent of age, sex, diabetes duration, and obesity. Inclusion into the model of tertiles of CAP in place of obesity did not modify the results (OR: 3.11 95% CI: 1.09-8.86).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that even modest soft drink consumption is independently associated with higher liver stiffness in individuals with T2DM and liver steatosis, supporting recommendations to limit added sugar intake for liver health.

METROFOOD-RI is a pan-European research infrastructure (RI) dedicated to promoting metrology in food and nutrition, integrating an array of interdisciplinary fields such as agrifood, food safety and quality, traceability, human health, and environmental sustainability. A core element of METROFOOD-RI's implementation is its service chart, including a structured catalog which provides an overview of the services offered across its network of facilities. During the Early Phase Implementation project (METROFOOD-EPI), the consortium undertook a comprehensive update of the service chart, addressing limitations from the Preparatory Phase (METROFOOD-PP) and aligning the service portfolio with current capabilities and user needs. This article presents the context and outcomes of the service chart update in a scientific framework. We describe the rationale for revising the original service chart, and the methodological steps followed to refine service categorization. The updated service chart is organized into four primary categories: Research services, ICT and Data services, Advisory services, and Education and Training services. Within these, the Research category is further structured into sub-domains (Agrifood, Metrology tools, Health, Environment & Sustainability) to encompass the RI's broad scope. We detail the definitions and rationale for each category and subcategory, highlighting how this structure integrates services across domains and aligns with key priorities in agrifood innovation, public health, sustainability, and metrology. The updated chart improves internal coordination among METROFOOD-RI partners by aligning resources to identified needs and revealing gaps, and also enhances external user experience by allowing easy navigation of available services through its associated catalog. Finally, we discuss the value of the service chart as a foundation for future tools, such as a METROFOOD-RI online access portal and a membership app, and its role in supporting a multidisciplinary, open science approach.

Objective: This article systematically reviewed intervention strategies for cancer-related sarcopenia (CRS), providing evidence for researchers to develop targeted treatments.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies between 2015 and 2025, followed by literature screening and content analysis.

Results: A total of 3,566 articles were initially identified, and 18 randomized controlled trials (published between 2016 and 2025; sample sizes ranging from 15 to 232) were ultimately included. CRS interventions were categorized into four types: nutritional, exercise, pharmacological, and multidisciplinary.

Conclusion: A CRS intervention needs an integrated approach that combines nutrition, exercise, pharmacology, and a multidisciplinary team (MDT) to improve patients' functional outcomes and quality of life. Future research should focus on precision approaches and translational medicine.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is frequently associated with metabolic imbalances. Polyphenols have demonstrated efficacy in alleviating colitis by restoring the metabolic disorders. Our previous studies revealed that bound polyphenols extracted from millet bran could alleviate acute colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) via restoring the gut microbiome and that the low molecular weight (MW) (<200 Da) portion of bound polyphenol (BPLP) constituted the primary active component, comprising six phenolic acids.

Methods: To further evaluate the effects of BPLP on inflammation, a dextran sodium sulfateb(DSS)-induced experimental colitis model was constructed, and BPLP was gavaged on mice. The effects of BPLP on colitis were assessed by detecting the weight, mouse status, gut barrier integrity, and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Additionally, non-targeted metabolomics was used to identify altered metabolites.

Results and discussion: BPLP administration restored body weight and colon length, protected epithelial structure from DSS-induced damage, and relieved chronic colitis. In colons, BPLP reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), enhanced the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins. Nontarget metabolomic results showed that BPLP alleviated colitis by modulating amino acid metabolism pathways, including valine/leucine/isoleucine biosynthesis,phenylalanine/tyrosine/tryptophan biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. Furthermore, alterations in specific amino acids, such as valine and beta-alanine, were consistent with profiles observed in clinical IBD patients. Collectively, these results indicate that BPLP effectively alleviates chronic colitis in mice and regulates inflammation-related amino acid metabolism in vivo.

Objective: To understand the current status of nutrition literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and analyze its influencing factors, aiming to provide a basis for medical staff to construct nutrition management and education programs.

Methods: A total of 790 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion exclusion criteria in Hangzhou City were selected from March 2024 to January 2025 using convenience sampling method. The researchers used a general demographic questionnaire and the Nutrition Literacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Results: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus scored (100.56 ± 22.27) on the Nutrition Literacy Scale. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that place of residence, education level, glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetic complications, comorbidities, and duration of the disease were the main factors affecting their nutrition literacy (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Nutrition literacy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is at upper middle range and is affected by a variety of factors. Healthcare professionals should construct a nutrition management and education program based on the influencing factors to help patients improve their nutrition literacy level and form healthy eating behaviors.

Osteoporosis is a widespread skeletal disorder associated with reduced bone formation and increased fracture risk. Peptide-based therapeutics offer demonstrate anabolic potential for osteoporosis management but are limited by instability and rapid clearance. In this study, a dual-network hydrogel composed of fish gelatin (FG) and κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) was developed as a biocompatible carrier for a soybean-derived osteogenic peptide (SOP). The FG/κ-CG system exhibited provided mechanical integrity, hydration balance, and thermal stability, thereby enabling sustained peptide protection and controlled release. In a glucocorticoid-induced zebrafish osteoporosis model, oral administration of the SOP-loaded gel effectively restored bone mineralization to a level comparable with alendronate treatment. These findings suggest that the FG/κ-CG-SOP hydrogel provides a stable and bioactive platform for osteogenic peptide delivery and represents a promising nutritional or therapeutic approach for osteoporosis management.

Consumer interest in alternatives to highly refined oils from soybean and corn for culinary applications has resulted in an increase in the availability of alternatives, especially cold pressed ones. Sources that were once only known to certain regions or cultures are now becoming more mainstream. In addition, the interest in sustainability in the agricultural sector has led to the usage of seeds from previous "waste" sources. The fatty acid profiles, phytosterols and tocopherols were evaluated in some cold pressed oils from small processors. These included benne (black sesame), okra seeds, peanuts, pecans, pumpkin seeds, and sunflower seeds. Polyunsaturated fatty acid contents ranged from 1.8% in sunflower oil to 44.3% in pumpkin seed oil. Cold pressed oils do not have the phytosterols and tocopherols removed by further refining. All the oils tested contained significant amounts of phytosterols with the lowest levels of Beta-sitosterol in the okra seed oil (29.0 mg/100 g) and the highest in the sunflower seed oil (251 mg/100 g). The tocopherols present in the oils were in agreement with literature reports for oil seeds and tree nuts with significant amounts of the alpha and gamma forms. Unusually, the benne oil was found to have large amounts of the Beta form (8.8 mg/g oil). Use of these oils can make positive contributions to human health by providing significant amounts of these lipid nutrients to the diet.

Background: The prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) traditionally relies on TNM staging, which fails to incorporate host-related factors such as systemic inflammation, nutrition, and immunity. The C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index has recently been proposed as a novel biomarker integrating these domains.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 957 patients with CRC undergoing curative resection (2010-2020). The CALLY index was calculated from preoperative laboratory data. Patients were stratified into high- and low-CALLY groups using ROC-derived cutoffs. Associations with postoperative complications, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed and compared with other indices (mGPS, PNI, NLR, PLR, SII, CAR).

Results: Low CALLY was significantly associated with higher complication rates (23.0% vs. 14.9%, p = 0.002), inferior OS and DFS (both log-rank p < 0.001), and remained an independent predictor in multivariable Cox and logistic models. Compared with other indices, CALLY demonstrated stronger discriminatory ability, achieving the highest AUC for 5-year OS, and its C-index value also outperformed other indices, further confirming the predictive efficacy of CALLY.

Conclusion: The preoperative CALLY index is a simple, cost-effective, and reliable prognostic biomarker for CRC, predicting both surgical outcomes and long-term survival. Incorporation of CALLY into risk stratification may complement TNM staging, optimize perioperative management, and inform individualized treatment strategies. Further validation in multicenter, prospective cohorts is required to confirm the generalizability of these findings.

Background & aims: Sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder, significantly hinders post-stroke recovery. Existing research has focused exclusively on Asian populations, leaving effects in Caucasian cohorts largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the impact of sarcopenia, as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria, on functional and cognitive recovery in subacute post-stroke patients undergoing a rehabilitation program.

Methods: Eighty seven subacute post-stroke patients (71 [61-78] years; 42 women) were evaluated at admission (T0) and after 6 weeks of rehabilitation (T1). At T0, demographic, clinical, and nutritional data were collected, and sarcopenia was diagnosed. Functional and cognitive outcomes-including the modified Barthel Index (mBI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Motricity Index for upper and lower limbs (MI-UE, MI-LE), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)-were evaluated at both T0 and T1. Functional and cognitive recovery (ΔmBI, ΔFMA-UE, ΔMI-UE, ΔMI-LE, and ΔMoCA) were also assessed. Intra-group (T0 vs. T1) and inter-group comparisons (sarcopenic vs. nonsarcopenic patients) were then evaluated, and a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis was used to adjust for baseline confounding factors.

Results: Sarcopenic patients (n = 24; 14 women) showed poorer nutritional status and lower scores in all functional and cognitive measurements at T0 compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts. Both groups improved significantly at T1 in mBI, FMA-UE, MI-UE, MI-LE, and FAC. However, even after PSM analysis, the sarcopenic patients exhibited lower FAC (0 [0-1] vs. 3 [1-3], p = 0.010) and lower mBI (40 [27-57] vs. 57 [47-72], p = 0.044) scores at T1, along with a reduced ΔmBI (6 [0-14] vs. 15 [8-21], p = 0.014).

Conclusion: Our findings emphasize that sarcopenia negatively affects post-stroke recovery of independence and ambulation, highlighting the importance of early identification and targeted interventions in rehabilitation.