Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1425802
Yizhao Du, Qin Wang, Zongmei Zheng, Hailun Zhou, Yang Han, Ao Qi, Lijing Jiao, Yabin Gong
BackgroundGut microbiota (GM) and metabolic alterations play pivotal roles in lung cancer (LC) development and host genetic variations are known to contribute to LC susceptibility by modulating the GM. However, the causal links among GM, metabolite, host genes, and LC remain to be fully delineated.MethodThrough bidirectional MR analyses, we examined the causal links between GM and LC, and utilized two-step mediation analysis to identify potential mediating blood metabolite. We employed diverse MR methods, including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode, to ensure a robust examination of the data. MR-Egger intercept test, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO, Cochran Q test and Leave-one-out (LOO) analysis were used for sensitivity analyses. Analyses were adjusted for smoking, alcohol intake frequency and air pollution. Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Steiger test were used to probe genetic causality. The study also explored the association between specific host genes and the abundance of gut microbes in LC patients.ResultsThe presence of Bacteroides clarus was associated with an increased risk of LC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.11, p = 0.012), whereas the Eubacteriaceae showed a protective effect (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.89, p = 0.001). These findings remained robust after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Our mediator screening identified 13 blood metabolites that significantly influence LC risk after FDR correction, underscoring cystine and propionylcarnitine in reducing LC risk, while linking specific lipids and hydroxy acids to an increased risk. Our two-step mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between the bacterial pathway of synthesis of guanosine ribonucleotides and LC was mediated by Fructosyllysine, with mediated proportions of 11.38% (p = 0.037). LDSC analysis confirmed the robustness of these associations. Our study unveiled significant host genes ROBO2 may influence the abundance of pathogenic gut microbes in LC patients. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed glutathione metabolism and glutamate metabolism are the pathways most enriched with significant metabolites related to LC.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of GM in the development of LC, with metabolites partly mediating this effect, and provide dietary and lifestyle recommendations for high-risk lung cancer populations.
{"title":"Gut microbiota influence on lung cancer risk through blood metabolite mediation: from a comprehensive Mendelian randomization analysis and genetic analysis","authors":"Yizhao Du, Qin Wang, Zongmei Zheng, Hailun Zhou, Yang Han, Ao Qi, Lijing Jiao, Yabin Gong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1425802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1425802","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundGut microbiota (GM) and metabolic alterations play pivotal roles in lung cancer (LC) development and host genetic variations are known to contribute to LC susceptibility by modulating the GM. However, the causal links among GM, metabolite, host genes, and LC remain to be fully delineated.MethodThrough bidirectional MR analyses, we examined the causal links between GM and LC, and utilized two-step mediation analysis to identify potential mediating blood metabolite. We employed diverse MR methods, including inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode, to ensure a robust examination of the data. MR-Egger intercept test, Radial MR, MR-PRESSO, Cochran Q test and Leave-one-out (LOO) analysis were used for sensitivity analyses. Analyses were adjusted for smoking, alcohol intake frequency and air pollution. Linkage disequilibrium score regression and Steiger test were used to probe genetic causality. The study also explored the association between specific host genes and the abundance of gut microbes in LC patients.ResultsThe presence of <jats:italic>Bacteroides clarus</jats:italic> was associated with an increased risk of LC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.11, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.012), whereas the <jats:italic>Eubacteriaceae</jats:italic> showed a protective effect (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.89, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.001). These findings remained robust after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction. Our mediator screening identified 13 blood metabolites that significantly influence LC risk after FDR correction, underscoring cystine and propionylcarnitine in reducing LC risk, while linking specific lipids and hydroxy acids to an increased risk. Our two-step mediation analysis demonstrated that the association between the bacterial pathway of synthesis of guanosine ribonucleotides and LC was mediated by Fructosyllysine, with mediated proportions of 11.38% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.037). LDSC analysis confirmed the robustness of these associations. Our study unveiled significant host genes ROBO2 may influence the abundance of pathogenic gut microbes in LC patients. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed glutathione metabolism and glutamate metabolism are the pathways most enriched with significant metabolites related to LC.ConclusionThese findings underscore the importance of GM in the development of LC, with metabolites partly mediating this effect, and provide dietary and lifestyle recommendations for high-risk lung cancer populations.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1410420
Yingxiang Yu, Yifan Wu, Lan Xie, Cuiqing Chang
Water-soluble tomato concentrate (WSTC) has demonstrated beneficial effect on blood flow in healthy populations. The prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to explore the impact of WSTC on individuals with elevated cholesterol levels. Sixty participants aged 35–65 with high cholesterol were enrolled and evenly divided into a treatment group (FFG) and a placebo group (PCG). Over a 60-day period comprising a 45-day treatment phase followed by a 15-day observational follow-up. Participants in the FFG received 300 mg daily of Fruitflow tablets, while the PCG were received placebos. The study showed that there were no significant differences in baseline parameters between the FFG and PCG (p > 0.05). Post-intervention, the FFG exhibited significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 4.2% (SBP, p < 0.001) and 3.8% (DBP, p = 0.015), respectively, compared to the PCG (p = 0.041). These reductions were sustained during the follow-up period. In contrast, the PCG showed no significant changes in SBP and DBP (p > 0.05). Stratified analysis by hypertension status revealed a significant SBP reductions both hypertensive and non-hypertensive FFG subjects (p < 0.05), with a trend towards DBP reduction. No significant changes in SBP and DBP were observed in the PCG. Moreover, the FFG group showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p < 0.05), along with a marked reduction in both weight and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). The FFG also showed decreased levels of homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and fasting blood glucose compared to the PCG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, WSTC has the potential to lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk profiles in hypercholesterolemic individuals, presenting a viable non-harmacological option for enhancing cardiovascular health.Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=27052, identifier ChiCTR1800015904.
{"title":"The effect of water-soluble tomato concentrate on elevated serum cholesterol in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals","authors":"Yingxiang Yu, Yifan Wu, Lan Xie, Cuiqing Chang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1410420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1410420","url":null,"abstract":"Water-soluble tomato concentrate (WSTC) has demonstrated beneficial effect on blood flow in healthy populations. The prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to explore the impact of WSTC on individuals with elevated cholesterol levels. Sixty participants aged 35–65 with high cholesterol were enrolled and evenly divided into a treatment group (FFG) and a placebo group (PCG). Over a 60-day period comprising a 45-day treatment phase followed by a 15-day observational follow-up. Participants in the FFG received 300 mg daily of Fruitflow tablets, while the PCG were received placebos. The study showed that there were no significant differences in baseline parameters between the FFG and PCG (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Post-intervention, the FFG exhibited significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 4.2% (SBP, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 3.8% (DBP, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.015), respectively, compared to the PCG (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.041). These reductions were sustained during the follow-up period. In contrast, the PCG showed no significant changes in SBP and DBP (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Stratified analysis by hypertension status revealed a significant SBP reductions both hypertensive and non-hypertensive FFG subjects (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), with a trend towards DBP reduction. No significant changes in SBP and DBP were observed in the PCG. Moreover, the FFG group showed a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), along with a marked reduction in both weight and body mass index (BMI) (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The FFG also showed decreased levels of homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and fasting blood glucose compared to the PCG (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, WSTC has the potential to lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk profiles in hypercholesterolemic individuals, presenting a viable non-harmacological option for enhancing cardiovascular health.Clinical trial registration: <jats:uri>https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=27052</jats:uri>, identifier ChiCTR1800015904.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1449022
Domenico Umberto De Rose, Elena Maggiora, Giulia Maiocco, Daniela Morniroli, Giulia Vizzari, Valentina Tiraferri, Alessandra Coscia, Francesco Cresi, Andrea Dotta, Guglielmo Salvatori, Maria Lorella Giannì
The primary purpose of this practical overview is to provide a practical update on appropriate nutritional strategies to improve growth in preterm infants. Current recommendations for improving preterm growth concern both macronutrients and micronutrients, with tailored nutrition since the first days of life, particularly when fetal growth restriction has been reported. Human milk is undoubtedly the best nutrition for all newborns, but, in some populations, if not adequately fortified, it does not adequately support their growth. In all preterms, growth should be correctly monitored weekly to intercept a negative trend of growth and implement nutritional strategies to avoid growth restriction. Similarly, growth should be accurately supported and monitored after discharge to improve long-term health consequences.
{"title":"Improving growth in preterm infants through nutrition: a practical overview","authors":"Domenico Umberto De Rose, Elena Maggiora, Giulia Maiocco, Daniela Morniroli, Giulia Vizzari, Valentina Tiraferri, Alessandra Coscia, Francesco Cresi, Andrea Dotta, Guglielmo Salvatori, Maria Lorella Giannì","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1449022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1449022","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of this practical overview is to provide a practical update on appropriate nutritional strategies to improve growth in preterm infants. Current recommendations for improving preterm growth concern both macronutrients and micronutrients, with tailored nutrition since the first days of life, particularly when fetal growth restriction has been reported. Human milk is undoubtedly the best nutrition for all newborns, but, in some populations, if not adequately fortified, it does not adequately support their growth. In all preterms, growth should be correctly monitored weekly to intercept a negative trend of growth and implement nutritional strategies to avoid growth restriction. Similarly, growth should be accurately supported and monitored after discharge to improve long-term health consequences.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1423724
Chunyan Yin, Lujie Liu, Dong Xu, Meng Li, Min Li, Yujie Qin, Bei Zhang, Yongfa Sun, Yuesheng Liu, Yanfeng Xiao
BackgroundDespite emerging evidence linking alterations in gut microbiota to childhood obesity, the metabolic mechanisms linking gut microbiota to the lipid profile during childhood obesity and weight loss remain poorly understood.MethodologyIn this study, children with obesity were treated with lifestyle weight loss therapy. Metagenomics association studies and serum untargeted lipidomics analyses were performed in children with obesity and healthy controls before and after weight loss.Main findingsWe identified alterations in gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity, as well as variations in circulating metabolite concentrations. Children with obesity showed significant decreases in the levels of s-Rothia_kristinae and s-Enterobacter_roggenkampii, alongsige elevated levels of s-Clostridiales_bacterium_Marseille-P5551. Following weight loss, the levels of s-Streptococcus_infantarius and s-Leuconostoc_citreum increased by factors of 3.354 and 1.505, respectively, in comparison to their pre-weight loss levels. Correlation analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between ChE(2:0) levels and both with s-Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_TF09-5 and fasting glucose levels. CoQ8 levels were significantly negatively correlated with s-Rothia_kristinae and HOMA-IR.ConclusionWe linked altered gut microbiota and serum lipid levels in children with obesity to clinical indicators, indicating a potential impact on glucose metabolism via lipids. This study contributes to understanding the mechanistic relationship between altered gut microbiota and childhood obesity and weight loss, suggesting gut microbiome as a promising target for intervention.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178971, ChiCTR2300072179.
{"title":"Integrative metagenomic and lipidomic analyses reveal alterations in children with obesity and after lifestyle intervention","authors":"Chunyan Yin, Lujie Liu, Dong Xu, Meng Li, Min Li, Yujie Qin, Bei Zhang, Yongfa Sun, Yuesheng Liu, Yanfeng Xiao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1423724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1423724","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDespite emerging evidence linking alterations in gut microbiota to childhood obesity, the metabolic mechanisms linking gut microbiota to the lipid profile during childhood obesity and weight loss remain poorly understood.MethodologyIn this study, children with obesity were treated with lifestyle weight loss therapy. Metagenomics association studies and serum untargeted lipidomics analyses were performed in children with obesity and healthy controls before and after weight loss.Main findingsWe identified alterations in gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity, as well as variations in circulating metabolite concentrations. Children with obesity showed significant decreases in the levels of <jats:italic>s-Rothia_kristinae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>s-Enterobacter_roggenkampii</jats:italic>, alongsige elevated levels of <jats:italic>s-Clostridiales_bacterium_Marseille-P5551</jats:italic>. Following weight loss, the levels of <jats:italic>s-Streptococcus_infantarius</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>s-Leuconostoc_citreum</jats:italic> increased by factors of 3.354 and 1.505, respectively, in comparison to their pre-weight loss levels. Correlation analyses indicated a significant positive relationship between ChE(2:0) levels and both with <jats:italic>s-Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_TF09-5</jats:italic> and fasting glucose levels. CoQ8 levels were significantly negatively correlated with <jats:italic>s-Rothia_kristinae</jats:italic> and HOMA-IR.ConclusionWe linked altered gut microbiota and serum lipid levels in children with obesity to clinical indicators, indicating a potential impact on glucose metabolism via lipids. This study contributes to understanding the mechanistic relationship between altered gut microbiota and childhood obesity and weight loss, suggesting gut microbiome as a promising target for intervention.Clinical trial registration<jats:ext-link>https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=178971</jats:ext-link>, ChiCTR2300072179.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IntroductionThere is growing evidence indicating a complex interaction between blood metabolites and atopic dermatitis (AD). The objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the potential influence of plasma metabolites on AD through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsOur procedures followed these steps: instrument variable selection, primary analysis, replication analysis, Meta-analysis of results, reverse MR analysis, and multivariate MR (MVMR) analysis. In our study, the exposure factors were derived from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), encompassing 8,299 individuals of European descent and identifying 1,091 plasma metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios. In primary analysis, AD data, was sourced from the GWAS catalog (Accession ID: GCST90244787), comprising 60,653 cases and 804,329 controls. For replication, AD data from the Finnish R10 database included 15,208 cases and 367,046 controls. We primarily utilized the inverse variance weighting method to assess the causal relationship between blood metabolites and AD.ResultsOur study identified significant causal relationships between nine genetically predicted blood metabolites and AD. Specifically, 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPC (16:0/18:0) (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.94), 1-methylnicotinamide (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98), linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.96), and 1-arachidonoyl-GPC (20:4n6) (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.96) were associated with a reduced risk of AD. Conversely, phosphate / linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2] (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10), docosatrienoate (22:3n3) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10), retinol (Vitamin A) / linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2] (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.11), retinol (Vitamin A) / linoleoyl-arachidonoylglycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.12), and phosphate / linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.12 were associated with an increased risk of AD. No evidence of reverse causality was found in the previously significant results. MVMR analysis further confirmed that 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPC (16:0/18:0) and 1-methylnicotinamide are independent and dominant contributors to the development of AD.ConclusionOur study revealed a causal relationship between genetically predicted blood metabolites and AD. This discovery offers specific targets for drug development in the treatment of AD patients and provides valuable insights for investigating the underlying mechanisms of AD in future research.
引言越来越多的证据表明，血液代谢物与特应性皮炎（AD）之间存在复杂的相互作用。本研究的目的是通过孟德尔随机分析法（MR）研究和量化血浆代谢物对特应性皮炎的潜在影响。方法我们的研究过程遵循以下步骤：工具变量选择、主要分析、复制分析、结果元分析、反向 MR 分析和多变量 MR（MVMR）分析。在我们的研究中，暴露因素来自加拿大老龄化纵向研究（CLSA），包括 8299 名欧洲后裔，确定了 1091 种血浆代谢物和 309 种代谢物比率。在主要分析中，AD 数据来自 GWAS 目录（Accession ID：GCST90244787），包括 60,653 个病例和 804,329 个对照。在复制方面，AD 数据来自芬兰 R10 数据库，包括 15,208 个病例和 367,046 个对照。我们主要利用反方差加权法来评估血液代谢物与AD之间的因果关系。结果我们的研究确定了九种基因预测的血液代谢物与AD之间的显著因果关系。具体来说，1-棕榈酰-2-硬脂酰-GPC（16:0/18:0）（OR = 0.92，95% CI 0.89-0.94）、1-甲基烟酰胺（OR = 0.93，95% CI 0.89-0.98）、亚油酰- arachidonoyl-甘油（18:2/20:4）[1]（OR = 0.94，95% CI 0.92-0.96）和 1-arachidonoyl-GPC（20:4n6）（OR = 0.94，95% CI 0.92-0.96）与 AD 风险降低有关。相反，磷酸盐/亚油酰-丙烯酰-甘油（18:2/20:4）[2]（OR = 1.07，95% CI 1.04-1.10）、二十二碳三烯酸酯（22:3n3）（OR = 1.07，95% CI 1.04-1.10）、视黄醇（维生素 A）/亚油酰-丙烯酰-甘油（18:2/20:4）[2]（OR = 1.08，95% CI 1.视黄醇（维生素 A）/亚油酸酰-丙烯酰甘油（18:2/20:4）[1]（OR = 1.08，95% CI 1.05-1.12）和磷酸盐/亚油酸酰-丙烯酰甘油（18:2/20:4）[1]（OR = 1.09，95% CI 1.07-1.12）与 AD 风险增加相关。在之前的显著结果中没有发现反向因果关系的证据。MVMR分析进一步证实，1-棕榈酰-2-硬脂酰-GPC（16:0/18:0）和1-甲基烟酰胺是导致AD发病的独立和主要因素。这一发现为治疗注意力缺失症患者的药物开发提供了特定靶点，并为未来研究注意力缺失症的内在机制提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Exploring genetic associations between metabolites and atopic dermatitis: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis in European population","authors":"Ao He, Zhisheng Hong, Xinqi Zhao, Hainan Li, Ying Xu, Yangheng Xu, Zhaoyi Jing, Haoteng Ma, Zhuo Gong, Bing Yang, Qingzhu Zhou, Fan Zheng, Xian Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1451112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1451112","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThere is growing evidence indicating a complex interaction between blood metabolites and atopic dermatitis (AD). The objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the potential influence of plasma metabolites on AD through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.MethodsOur procedures followed these steps: instrument variable selection, primary analysis, replication analysis, Meta-analysis of results, reverse MR analysis, and multivariate MR (MVMR) analysis. In our study, the exposure factors were derived from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), encompassing 8,299 individuals of European descent and identifying 1,091 plasma metabolites and 309 metabolite ratios. In primary analysis, AD data, was sourced from the GWAS catalog (Accession ID: <jats:ext-link>GCST90244787</jats:ext-link>), comprising 60,653 cases and 804,329 controls. For replication, AD data from the Finnish R10 database included 15,208 cases and 367,046 controls. We primarily utilized the inverse variance weighting method to assess the causal relationship between blood metabolites and AD.ResultsOur study identified significant causal relationships between nine genetically predicted blood metabolites and AD. Specifically, 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPC (16:0/18:0) (OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.94), 1-methylnicotinamide (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.98), linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.96), and 1-arachidonoyl-GPC (20:4n6) (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.96) were associated with a reduced risk of AD. Conversely, phosphate / linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2] (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10), docosatrienoate (22:3n3) (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10), retinol (Vitamin A) / linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [2] (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.11), retinol (Vitamin A) / linoleoyl-arachidonoylglycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.05–1.12), and phosphate / linoleoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:2/20:4) [1] (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.12 were associated with an increased risk of AD. No evidence of reverse causality was found in the previously significant results. MVMR analysis further confirmed that 1-palmitoyl-2-stearoyl-GPC (16:0/18:0) and 1-methylnicotinamide are independent and dominant contributors to the development of AD.ConclusionOur study revealed a causal relationship between genetically predicted blood metabolites and AD. This discovery offers specific targets for drug development in the treatment of AD patients and provides valuable insights for investigating the underlying mechanisms of AD in future research.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1438170
Xin Liu, Zheng Zhang, Haoran Wang, Shah Faisal, Meng He, Sheng Tai, Yujia Lin
BackgroundGallstones represent a prevalent health issue globally, resulting in significant annual healthcare costs. While tobacco exposure is recognized for its association with numerous diseases, its correlation with gallstones remains contentious. Serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, serves as a widely utilized indicator for assessing tobacco exposure. Crucially, no research has yet examined the association between serum cotinine levels and the gallstones.MethodsThis study is designed as a cross-sectional analysis, utilizing data from the NHANES public database. The relationship between serum cotinine levels and gallstones was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models and smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to examine the potential contributions of different populations and covariates to the findings.ResultsA total of 5,856 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the multiple logistic regression model results indicated that for each unit increase in serum cotinine concentration above 0.29 ng/mL, there was a 29% increase in the prevalence of gallstones. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a positive correlation between these variables. These findings underscore the impact of tobacco exposure on gallstone prevalence.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a positive correlation between tobacco exposure, as measured by serum cotinine levels, and the prevalence of gallstones, thus adding to the body of existing research on this relationship.
{"title":"The link between serum cotinine levels and gallstones prevalence in adults: a cross-sectional analysis using NHANES data (2017–2020)","authors":"Xin Liu, Zheng Zhang, Haoran Wang, Shah Faisal, Meng He, Sheng Tai, Yujia Lin","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1438170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1438170","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundGallstones represent a prevalent health issue globally, resulting in significant annual healthcare costs. While tobacco exposure is recognized for its association with numerous diseases, its correlation with gallstones remains contentious. Serum cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, serves as a widely utilized indicator for assessing tobacco exposure. Crucially, no research has yet examined the association between serum cotinine levels and the gallstones.MethodsThis study is designed as a cross-sectional analysis, utilizing data from the NHANES public database. The relationship between serum cotinine levels and gallstones was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models and smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to examine the potential contributions of different populations and covariates to the findings.ResultsA total of 5,856 participants were included in this study. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the multiple logistic regression model results indicated that for each unit increase in serum cotinine concentration above 0.29 ng/mL, there was a 29% increase in the prevalence of gallstones. Furthermore, smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a positive correlation between these variables. These findings underscore the impact of tobacco exposure on gallstone prevalence.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a positive correlation between tobacco exposure, as measured by serum cotinine levels, and the prevalence of gallstones, thus adding to the body of existing research on this relationship.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1426855
Lu Jiang, Zitao Wang, Mengxuan Yuan, Weiping Wang, Buyun Wu, Huijuan Mao
BackgroundFew studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which are common complications in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study thus explored the association between sarcopenia and MACE in a prospective cohort with mediation analysis.MethodsAdult MHD patients in Jiangdu People’s Hospital in December 2019 were screened. The exposure was sarcopenia, as defined by the 2019 Asian Working Group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of MACE, defined as the composite of all-cause mortality or hospital admission with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure during a 3-year follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to test the association between sarcopenia and subsequent MACE incidence. Mediation analyses were used to investigate whether potential mediators influenced the association between sarcopenia and MACE.ResultsOf the 230 patients enrolled, 57% were male, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 50 to 66), and a median dialysis vintage of 67 months (IQR: 32 to 119). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 45.2%. The presence of sarcopenia was significantly correlated with age (Spearman’s r = 0.47, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (Spearman’s r = 0.13, p = 0.044), serum albumin (Spearman’s r = −0.22, p < 0.001), 25(OH) vitamin D (Spearman’s r = −0.26, p < 0.001), and coronary artery calcification score (Spearman’s r = 0.20, p = 0.002). Over the 3-year follow-up period, MACE were observed in 59/104 (56.7%) patients with sarcopenia and 38/126 (30.2%) patients without sarcopenia (log-rank p < 0.001). After accounting for potential confounders, patients with sarcopenia presented a 66% (4–168%, p = 0.035) increase in their risk of MACE incidence as compared to non-sarcopenic individuals. However, adjusted mediation analyses did not detect any indication of a causal mediation pathway linking the effects of sarcopenic status on coronary artery calcification score, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, or 25(OH) vitamin D levels to MACE outcomes. Conversely, sarcopenia exhibited a potential direct effect (average direct effect range: −1.52 to −1.37, all p < 0.05) on MACE incidence.ConclusionThese results revealed that the presence of sarcopenia was associated with a higher incidence of MACE in MHD patients. The putative effects of sarcopenia on this cardiovascular endpoint are possibly not mediated by any causal pathways that include vascular calcification, inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, or vitamin D.
背景很少有研究探讨维持性血液透析（MHD）患者常见并发症--肌肉疏松症与主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生率之间的关系。因此，本研究通过中介分析，在前瞻性队列中探讨了肌肉疏松症与 MACE 之间的关系。根据2019年亚洲工作组的定义，暴露对象为肌少症。主要终点是MACE的发生率，MACE定义为3年随访期间全因死亡率或主要诊断为急性心肌梗死、中风或心力衰竭的入院复合死亡率。多变量 Cox 回归分析用于检验肌肉疏松症与后续 MACE 发生率之间的关联。结果 在230名入选患者中，57%为男性，中位年龄为57岁（四分位距[IQR]：50至66岁），中位透析年限为67个月（四分位距[IQR]：32至119个月）。肌肉疏松症的发病率为 45.2%。肌肉疏松症与年龄（Spearman's r = 0.47，p &;lt;0.001）、C 反应蛋白（Spearman's r = 0.13，p = 0.044）、血清白蛋白（Spearman's r = -0.22，p&;lt;0.001）、25（OH）维生素 D（Spearman's r = -0.26，p&;lt;0.001）和冠状动脉钙化评分（Spearman's r = 0.20，p = 0.002）。在 3 年的随访期间，59/104（56.7%）名肌肉疏松症患者和 38/126（30.2%）名无肌肉疏松症患者出现了 MACE（log-rank p p &;lt; 0.001）。在考虑了潜在的混杂因素后，与非肌肉疏松症患者相比，肌肉疏松症患者发生 MACE 的风险增加了 66% (4-168%, p = 0.035)。然而，调整后的中介分析并未发现任何迹象表明，肌肉疏松症对冠状动脉钙化评分、C反应蛋白、血清白蛋白或25（OH）维生素D水平的影响与MACE结果之间存在因果中介途径。相反，肌肉疏松症对 MACE 发生率有潜在的直接影响（平均直接影响范围：-1.52 至-1.37，所有 p p &;lt;0.05）。肌肉疏松症对这一心血管终点的潜在影响可能并非由血管钙化、炎症、低白蛋白血症或维生素 D 等任何因果途径介导。
{"title":"Sarcopenia is associated with increased major adverse cardiovascular event incidence in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study and mediation analysis","authors":"Lu Jiang, Zitao Wang, Mengxuan Yuan, Weiping Wang, Buyun Wu, Huijuan Mao","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1426855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1426855","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFew studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which are common complications in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. This study thus explored the association between sarcopenia and MACE in a prospective cohort with mediation analysis.MethodsAdult MHD patients in Jiangdu People’s Hospital in December 2019 were screened. The exposure was sarcopenia, as defined by the 2019 Asian Working Group. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of MACE, defined as the composite of all-cause mortality or hospital admission with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure during a 3-year follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to test the association between sarcopenia and subsequent MACE incidence. Mediation analyses were used to investigate whether potential mediators influenced the association between sarcopenia and MACE.ResultsOf the 230 patients enrolled, 57% were male, with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 50 to 66), and a median dialysis vintage of 67 months (IQR: 32 to 119). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 45.2%. The presence of sarcopenia was significantly correlated with age (Spearman’s r = 0.47, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), C-reactive protein (Spearman’s r = 0.13, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.044), serum albumin (Spearman’s r = −0.22, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), 25(OH) vitamin D (Spearman’s r = −0.26, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and coronary artery calcification score (Spearman’s r = 0.20, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.002). Over the 3-year follow-up period, MACE were observed in 59/104 (56.7%) patients with sarcopenia and 38/126 (30.2%) patients without sarcopenia (log-rank <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). After accounting for potential confounders, patients with sarcopenia presented a 66% (4–168%, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.035) increase in their risk of MACE incidence as compared to non-sarcopenic individuals. However, adjusted mediation analyses did not detect any indication of a causal mediation pathway linking the effects of sarcopenic status on coronary artery calcification score, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, or 25(OH) vitamin D levels to MACE outcomes. Conversely, sarcopenia exhibited a potential direct effect (average direct effect range: −1.52 to −1.37, all <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) on MACE incidence.ConclusionThese results revealed that the presence of sarcopenia was associated with a higher incidence of MACE in MHD patients. The putative effects of sarcopenia on this cardiovascular endpoint are possibly not mediated by any causal pathways that include vascular calcification, inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, or vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1427586
Ruying Wu, Hongyang Gong
BackgroundNumerous studies have indicated a potential correlation between COPD, lipid metabolism, and dietary inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms by which dietary inflammation regulates the pathological processes of COPD related to lipid metabolism remain unclear. NHHR is a novel composite index of atherosclerotic lipid profiles, while the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) measures diet-induced inflammation. This study explores the relationship between NHHR and COPD and evaluates whether DII mediates this association.MethodsWe employed multivariable logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, threshold effect analysis, and subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between NHHR and the incidence of COPD. Additionally, we conducted a mediation analysis to explore the potential relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) levels and the relationship between NHHR and COPD.ResultsThis analysis encompassed 13,452 participants, with 2,332 reporting incidents of COPD. Following adjustment for all covariates using multivariable logistic regression, each unit increase in NHHR level and DII level was associated with a 10% (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16) and 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) increase, respectively, in the incidence rate of COPD. Furthermore, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of NHHR level and DII level was associated with a 47% (p < 0.001) and 50% (p < 0.001) increase, respectively, in the incidence rate of COPD. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between NHHR and the risk of COPD, with a breakpoint at 2.60. Mediation analysis indicated that DII mediated 7.24% of the association between NHHR and COPD (p = 0.004).ConclusionHigher NHHR levels are associated with an increased prevalence of COPD. Moreover, this association is mediated by DII, suggesting that an anti-inflammatory diet may be beneficial.
{"title":"The association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the mediating role of dietary inflammatory index","authors":"Ruying Wu, Hongyang Gong","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1427586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1427586","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundNumerous studies have indicated a potential correlation between COPD, lipid metabolism, and dietary inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms by which dietary inflammation regulates the pathological processes of COPD related to lipid metabolism remain unclear. NHHR is a novel composite index of atherosclerotic lipid profiles, while the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) measures diet-induced inflammation. This study explores the relationship between NHHR and COPD and evaluates whether DII mediates this association.MethodsWe employed multivariable logistic regression, smooth curve fitting, threshold effect analysis, and subgroup analysis to explore the relationship between NHHR and the incidence of COPD. Additionally, we conducted a mediation analysis to explore the potential relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) levels and the relationship between NHHR and COPD.ResultsThis analysis encompassed 13,452 participants, with 2,332 reporting incidents of COPD. Following adjustment for all covariates using multivariable logistic regression, each unit increase in NHHR level and DII level was associated with a 10% (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16) and 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13) increase, respectively, in the incidence rate of COPD. Furthermore, compared to the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of NHHR level and DII level was associated with a 47% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 50% (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) increase, respectively, in the incidence rate of COPD. Smooth curve fitting and threshold effect analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between NHHR and the risk of COPD, with a breakpoint at 2.60. Mediation analysis indicated that DII mediated 7.24% of the association between NHHR and COPD (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.004).ConclusionHigher NHHR levels are associated with an increased prevalence of COPD. Moreover, this association is mediated by DII, suggesting that an anti-inflammatory diet may be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-09DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1453147
Xiaoming Li, Zhen Xie, Hongbing Qiu, Xiaofeng Xie, Lusha Liu
BackgroundNumerous observational studies and randomized controlled trials have recently revealed the associations between circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis, while the underlying causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between genetically determined circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsA two-sample MR analysis was conducted using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal impact of genetically determined absolute circulating antioxidants (such as ascorbate, retinol, β-carotene, and lycopene) and their metabolites (including α-and γ-tocopherol, ascorbate, and retinol) on the risk of endometriosis. The study used inverse variance weighted (IVW) or Wald ratio analyses as the primary estimation method and also conducted sensitivity analyses to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsNo significant causality was observed for genetically determined circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for absolute circulating antioxidants were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.32–1.18, retinol), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79–1.15, β-carotene), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95–1.08, lycopene), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99–1.02, ascorbate, expressed as a Wald ratio). The pooled ORs indicating the EM risk per unit increase in circulating antioxidant metabolites were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.82–1.33, γ-tocopherol), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.57–1.46, α-tocopherol), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99–1.07, retinol), and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87–1.06, ascorbate).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that increased levels of diet-derived circulating antioxidants were not significantly associated with a reduced risk of endometriosis.
背景最近，大量观察性研究和随机对照试验揭示了循环抗氧化剂与子宫内膜异位症风险之间的关联，但其背后的因果关系仍不清楚。本研究旨在利用孟德尔随机法（MR）调查由基因决定的循环抗氧化剂与子宫内膜异位症风险之间的因果关系。方法利用公开的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）汇总数据进行双样本MR分析，研究由基因决定的绝对循环抗氧化剂（如抗坏血酸、视黄醇、β-胡萝卜素和番茄红素）及其代谢产物（包括α和γ-生育酚、抗坏血酸和视黄醇）对子宫内膜异位症风险的因果影响。该研究采用反方差加权（IVW）或沃尔德比值分析作为主要估算方法，并进行了敏感性分析以评估异质性和多向性。结果未观察到基因决定的循环抗氧化剂与子宫内膜异位症风险之间存在显著的因果关系。绝对循环抗氧化剂的集合几率比（ORs）分别为 0.62（95% CI：0.32-1.18，视黄醇）、0.95（95% CI：0.79-1.15，β-胡萝卜素）、1.01（95% CI：0.95-1.08，番茄红素）和 1.00（95% CI：0.99-1.02，抗坏血酸，以 Wald ratio 表示）。循环中抗氧化剂代谢物每增加一个单位，EM 风险的集合 OR 为 1.04（95% CI：0.82-1.33，γ-生育酚）、0.91（95% CI：0.57-1.46，α-生育酚）、1.03（95% CI：0.99-1.结论我们的研究表明，膳食中循环抗氧化剂水平的增加与子宫内膜异位症风险的降低并无明显关联。
{"title":"Exploring the causal associations between diet-derived circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Xiaoming Li, Zhen Xie, Hongbing Qiu, Xiaofeng Xie, Lusha Liu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1453147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1453147","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundNumerous observational studies and randomized controlled trials have recently revealed the associations between circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis, while the underlying causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between genetically determined circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsA two-sample MR analysis was conducted using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal impact of genetically determined absolute circulating antioxidants (such as ascorbate, retinol, β-carotene, and lycopene) and their metabolites (including α-and γ-tocopherol, ascorbate, and retinol) on the risk of endometriosis. The study used inverse variance weighted (IVW) or Wald ratio analyses as the primary estimation method and also conducted sensitivity analyses to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy.ResultsNo significant causality was observed for genetically determined circulating antioxidants and the risk of endometriosis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) for absolute circulating antioxidants were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.32–1.18, retinol), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79–1.15, β-carotene), 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95–1.08, lycopene), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99–1.02, ascorbate, expressed as a Wald ratio). The pooled ORs indicating the EM risk per unit increase in circulating antioxidant metabolites were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.82–1.33, γ-tocopherol), 0.91 (95% CI: 0.57–1.46, α-tocopherol), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99–1.07, retinol), and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.87–1.06, ascorbate).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that increased levels of diet-derived circulating antioxidants were not significantly associated with a reduced risk of endometriosis.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ObjectiveTo investigate an optimal regimen of six drugs, including lactoferrin, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, arginine and erythropoietin (EPO), for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Ovid, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of lactoferrin, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, arginine, and EPO in preventing NEC in preterm infants, with a cutoff date of June 20, 2024. Two authors independently screened studies and extracted all the data. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the outcomes of different interventions, and group rankings were determined using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).ResultsA total of 89 RCTs with 26,861 preterm infants were included. Arginine demonstrated the highest clinical efficacy in reducing the incidence of NEC, with probiotics being the next most effective and the placebo being the least effective. Lactoferrin was identified as the most effective intervention for reducing the incidence of NEC-associated sepsis. Prebiotics showed the highest effect on overall mortality, reducing the beginning of enteral feeding, and were associated with the shortest hospital stay. Glutamine significantly decreased the time to full enteral feeding.ConclusionExisting literature highlights arginine as the most efficacious pharmacological agent in preventing NEC in preterm infants. It has been shown to effectively lower the rates of NEC, septicemia, and mortality, warranting its recommendation as the first-line clinical intervention. Following this, probiotics are recommended as a second option.
目的 研究六种药物（包括乳铁蛋白、益生菌、益生元、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和促红细胞生成素 (EPO)）预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎 (NEC) 的最佳方案。方法在PubMed、Embase、Ovid、The Cochrane Library和Web of Science数据库中检索了研究乳铁蛋白、益生菌、益生元、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸和EPO预防早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎疗效的随机对照试验（RCT），截止日期为2024年6月20日。两位作者独立筛选研究并提取所有数据。进行了网络荟萃分析（NMA）以比较不同干预措施的结果，并使用累积排名曲线下表面（SUCRA）确定了组别排名。精氨酸在降低 NEC 发生率方面的临床疗效最高，益生菌的疗效次之，安慰剂的疗效最低。乳铁蛋白被认为是降低 NEC 相关败血症发病率最有效的干预措施。益生菌对总死亡率的影响最大，可减少开始肠内喂养的时间，住院时间也最短。结论现有文献强调精氨酸是预防早产儿 NEC 最有效的药物。事实证明，精氨酸能有效降低 NEC、败血症和死亡率，因此被推荐作为一线临床干预措施。之后，建议将益生菌作为第二选择。
{"title":"Comparative efficacy of different single drugs to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: an update systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Jing Chen, Xiao Chen, Xiaoling Huang, Jia Liu, Qingfeng Yu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1452338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1452338","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTo investigate an optimal regimen of six drugs, including lactoferrin, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, arginine and erythropoietin (EPO), for the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Ovid, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of lactoferrin, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine, arginine, and EPO in preventing NEC in preterm infants, with a cutoff date of June 20, 2024. Two authors independently screened studies and extracted all the data. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to compare the outcomes of different interventions, and group rankings were determined using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA).ResultsA total of 89 RCTs with 26,861 preterm infants were included. Arginine demonstrated the highest clinical efficacy in reducing the incidence of NEC, with probiotics being the next most effective and the placebo being the least effective. Lactoferrin was identified as the most effective intervention for reducing the incidence of NEC-associated sepsis. Prebiotics showed the highest effect on overall mortality, reducing the beginning of enteral feeding, and were associated with the shortest hospital stay. Glutamine significantly decreased the time to full enteral feeding.ConclusionExisting literature highlights arginine as the most efficacious pharmacological agent in preventing NEC in preterm infants. It has been shown to effectively lower the rates of NEC, septicemia, and mortality, warranting its recommendation as the first-line clinical intervention. Following this, probiotics are recommended as a second option.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142225675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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