Frontiers in Nutrition最新文献

Background: Hyperuricemia and non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) are prevalent metabolic diseases, but the relationship between them remains underexplored.

Methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: normal (CON), high-fat (PO), and high-fat high-uric acid (PH). After 12 weeks, serum uric acid (SUA) and triacylglycerol levels were measured. Pathological changes in the pancreas were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Serum samples were analyzed using lipidomics technology, and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify differences in lipid metabolism.

Results: SUA levels in the PO group were not significantly different from those in the CON group (p > 0.05). However, from the 4th week onward, SUA levels in the PH group were significantly higher than those in both the PO and CON groups (p < 0.05). HE staining revealed that most rats in the CON group exhibited normal pancreatic islet and acinar cell morphology. The pathological NAFPD score in the PH group was higher than that in the PO group. Lipidomics analysis identified 34 potential serum biomarkers in the CON and PO groups, 38 in the CON and PH groups, and 32 in the PH and PO groups. These metabolites primarily included sphingolipids, cholesterol esters, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine.

Conclusion: Hyperlipidemia combined with hyperuricemia might exacerbates NAFPD. Glycerophospholipids may serve as key biomarkers in this process, potentially linked to a chronic inflammatory response mediated by glycerophospholipids.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), an emerging measure of combined dietary antioxidant exposure, may provide insights into the relationship between diet and CVD/ASCVD outcomes. We aimed to explore the association between CDAI and the prevalence of CVD/ASCVD, as well as CVD mortality in individuals with dyslipidemia.

Methods: CDAI was assessed by integrating dietary vitamins A, C, E, zinc, selenium, and carotenoids. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed according to widely established criteria. Data on CVD/ASCVD were obtained through self-reports, while CVD mortality was obtained through prospective matching participant records with the National Death Index database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to explore these associations and to calculate odds ratios [OR], hazard ratios [HR], and 95% confidence intervals [CI], respectively.

Results: A total of 23,126 participants with dyslipidemia from NHANES 2001-2018 were included. After adjusting for potential confounders, CDAI was inversely associated with the prevalence of both CVD and ASCVD in dyslipidemia populations (OR and 95% CI 0.979 (0.964, 0.995) and 0.977 (0.961, 0.993), respectively). Similar associations were observed between CDAI and specific types of CVD. CDAI was also inversely associated with CVD mortality in dyslipidemia participants (HR = 0.957, 95% CI = 0.939-0.976, p < 0.0001). Restricted cubic spline and threshold effects analyses indicated that CDAI was nonlinearly associated with CVD/ASCVD, with significant associations occurring only when CDAI≤0; however, the association of CDAI with CVD mortality was observed only when CDAI > -2. Furthermore, age, sex, and drinking were found to modify the association of CDAI with CVD/ASCVD, while body mass index influenced the relationship between CDAI and CVD mortality.

Conclusion: CDAI was inversely and nonlinearly associated with both CVD/ASCVD events and CVD mortality in dyslipidemic populations. These findings highlight the potential of antioxidant dietary patterns to alleviate the CVD burden in these populations and underscore the importance of personalized strategies.

Introduction: Wernicke encephalopathy is a metabolic disease mainly associated with vitamin B1 deficiency, which is common in chronic alcoholism. Non-alcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy is difficult for early diagnosis.

Case presentation: One case involved a 62-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with drug-induced liver failure. He presented lower extremity weakness and progressive worsening of consciousness disturbance post-admission and was eventually identified as Wernicke encephalopathy by magnetic resonance imaging scan and deficiency in vitamin B1. The classic symmetric hyperintense signals on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted images were reversible after intravenous vitamin B1 supplementation.

Conclusion: A high index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies by adequate and immediate vitamin B1 supplements in the reversible stage of Wernicke encephalopathy.

Background: The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) is a newly developed lipid parameter. However, the current research has only explored the relationship with lumbar spine bone mineral density, lacking studies on bone mineral density at other sites, total body bone mineral density, and an analysis of risk factors. This study aims to determine the potential association between NHHR and lumbar BMD, increase awareness of the impact of lipid levels on bone health.

Methods: By utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018, we conducted univariate and generalized linear models (GLMs) analysis, stratified analysis, threshold effect analysis, smooth curve fitting and stratified analysis to investigate the association between NHHR and BMD. NHHR levels were categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high) based on their distribution among the study population.

Results: The study included 8,671participants, studies have shown, the ratio of non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein (NHHR) exhibits a stratified correlation with bone mineral density (BMD). In the BMI subgroup, NHHR is significantly negatively correlated with BMD at multiple sites in the low-to-middle BMI group (BMI <25 kg/m²), while no significant correlation is found in the high BMI group (BMI ≥30 kg/m²). In the gender subgroup, NHHR has a more pronounced effect on male BMD, mainly reflected in the reduction of lumbar spine and total body BMD. In the age subgroup, the negative correlation between NHHR and BMD is strongest in the younger group (18-30 years), gradually weakening in the middle-aged (31-44 years) and older groups (45-59 years). Further analysis suggests that dyslipidemia may influence bone metabolism through pathways such as inflammation and oxidative stress.

Conclusion: The effect of NHHR on bone mineral density (BMD) varies by BMI, gender, and age. This study suggests that controlling NHHR levels may be a potential intervention target for bone health management, particularly for individuals with low-to-middle BMI, males, and younger populations. These findings offer a new perspective on the relationship between lipid metabolism and bone metabolism and provide scientific evidence for the development of personalized osteoporosis prevention and treatment strategies.

Taste preference drives food selection, acceptance, or rejection and influences nutritional status and body mass index. Nevertheless, there are few reports concerning pregnant women. Mala flavor, characterized by its "numbing" and "spicy" sensations, is a distinctive taste of Sichuan cuisine, created by the combination of Chinese prickly ash and chili peppers. We conducted a cohort study in Chongqing, China to analyze the impact of Mala flavor, on excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). The study included 495 pregnant women aged 20-45 years, without chronic diseases, who conceived naturally and had single pregnancies from May 2021 to November 2022. Demographic information and pregnancy outcomes were collected during the second trimester and post-delivery, respectively. Food intake and taste preferences, including fatty, salty, and Mala flavors, were assessed during the third trimester. Latent Profile Analysis revealed three dietary patterns: "high-carbohydrate diet" (HCD), "low-carbohydrate diet" (LND), and "moderate nutrient diet" (MND). Multiple logistic regression indicated that pregnant women preferring Mala flavor were more likely to follow an HCD and had a higher risk of excessive GWG. Moreover, those adhering to an HCD were at an increased risk of excessive GWG. Mediation analysis showed that the preference for Mala flavor influenced excessive GWG through HCDs, with a significant indirect effect and an insignificant direct effect. Our study suggests that a preference for Mala flavor is positively associated with excessive GWG, mediated by HCD patterns. However, these findings should be approached with caution due to the exploratory nature of the study.

In order to improve the drying quality of winter jujube slices and find the best drying process parameters, RF + HA (radio frequency combined hot air) drying technology was used in this study to study the effects of plate spacing, RF application time, and RF interval time on the quality of winter jujube slices. Vitamin C (VC) content, red and green value (a*), and drying rate (DR) were used as quality indexes, and the changing trend of texture properties was analyzed. According to the conclusion of the single-factor experiment, the orthogonal experiment is carried out, and the parameters of each factor in the orthogonal experiment are optimized by the comprehensive balance method and matrix analysis method. The results showed as follows: (1) Plate spacing, RF application, and interval time all significantly affected the drying properties in the single-factor test (p < 0.05). The VC content of winter jujube slices increased and then decreased with the increase in the three factors. (2) In the orthogonal test, the order of influence of each factor on the quality of the winter jujube tablet is plate spacing > RF interval time > RF application time. The optimum RF heat treatment parameters are plate spacing of 100 mm, RF application time of 3 min, and RF interval time of 2 min. Under these conditions, the VC content of the winter jujube slices was 258.35 mg/100 g, a* was -9.47 and the DR was 0.64 g/min. (3) RF + HA has more advantages in shortening drying time and maintaining shape, reducing hardness by 12.6 ~ 18.7% and crispiness by 13.8 ~ 20.4%, the microstructure of jujube slices shows a regular honeycomb shape. The research results provide a new drying combination mechanism and process optimization scheme for improving the drying technology of winter jujube slices in industrial production.

Background: It is well known that deterioration is a big concern in the food supply chain. The problem is more serious in handling of traditional foods in developing country such as Ethiopia, due to the limited knowledge about the optimum processing, packaging and storage conditions.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of packaging material and storage condition on the shelf life of Ethiopian traditional Awaze paste.

Methods: Six types of packaging materials were employed: Shekella pot, Gourd (Qelle), high-density polyethylene (plastic bag), plastic bottle, glass bottle and metal can. These packaging materials are traditionally used by household producers and cottage industries in Ethiopia. The paste was stored at two temperatures: room temperature (21 ± 2°C) and refrigeration temperature (4°C).

Results: Physical changes, color (a) value, pH, acidity, yeast and mold levels, total bacterial count (TBC), and lactic acid bacteria count (LAB) were assessed every 60 days over a period of 300 days. pH value, acidity, yeast and mold, TBC, and LAB count were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by packaging material, storage temperature and storage period. After 300 days of storage, the highest yeast and mold count, 4.06 log CFU/g, was observed in samples stored in plastic bags. The highest total bacterial count (TBC), 4.12 log CFU/g, was found in samples stored in metal cans. The samples stored in glass bottles at refrigeration temperature (4°C) were found to have a color (a*) value difference of 11.5 to 13.85, a yeast and mold count value of 3.2 log cfu/g, and a TBC value of 2.97 log cfu/g, which were acceptable after 300 days of storage as per the international food standards.

Conclusion: Taking into account all parameters including physical changes (color, mold growth, texture), acidity, yeast and mold, TBC, and LAB count, Awaze paste could be stored in glass bottles at 4°C for up to 300 days.

Objective: Fermented foods (FFs) may theoretically benefit irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms, but the role of FFs for IBS patients in the real world is inconsistent and has not been systematically assessed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine this issue.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to August 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of FFs in IBS were eligible for the analysis. Two authors independently screened studies and extracted data. Data were pooled using relative risk (RR) of dichotomous data and standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous data.

Results: A total of 16 RCTs with 1,264 IBS patients were included. There were 12 RCTs involving 975 patients providing primary outcomes which was defined as symptom relief. The proportion of symptom relief was associated with the administration of FFs (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04-1.42, p = 0.01, I ² = 0%). For secondary outcomes, FFs also exerted a beneficial effect on global symptoms scores (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI -0.29 to -0.02, p = 0.02, I ² = 46%), but no significant improvement on abdominal pain scores and bloating scores. Subgroup analysis showed that fermented milk had a beneficial effect on symptom relief (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.39, p = 0.04, I ² = 0%).

Conclusion: Fermented foods, especially fermented milk with probiotics properties, appear to be efficacious in irritable bowel syndrome. However, given the limitations of current evidence, this conclusion should be interpreted with caution.

Systematic review registration: This study was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as CRD42024576608.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread liver condition associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases, yet public awareness remains low. Early detection of risk factors is crucial, but liver biopsy, the diagnostic gold standard, is invasive and costly. Non-invasive anthropometric indices provide a safer alternative. This study examines these indices to identify the most reliable predictor of NAFLD in adults.

Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, we used the Fasa Cohort Data, conducted on about 10,000 people, of whom 1,047 were diagnosed with NAFLD. NAFLD diagnosis in this study was confirmed by physicians based on medical history and ultrasonographic evaluations, ensuring accurate and reliable identification of cases. General, anthropometric, and dietary assessments were performed using interviews, tools, and valid questionnaires. Biochemical evaluation was also done. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), Body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and visceral fat index (VAI) were also calculated using these measurements and formulas. This study used descriptive tests, binary logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis.

Results: In both crude and adjusted models, significant associations were found between WHR, WHtR, BMI, and VAI with NAFLD. ROC analysis revealed that WHtR and BMI were the most accurate predictors of NAFLD in both genders (WHtR: men AUC = 0.750, women AUC = 0.702; BMI: men AUC = 0.754, women AUC = 0.701). BRI showed significant accuracy, but WHR (men: AUC = 0.727, women: AUC = 0.640) and VAI (men: AUC = 0.621, women: AUC = 0.622) were less effective. ABSI demonstrated poor predictive power (men: AUC = 0.530, women: AUC = 0.505) and is not recommended for NAFLD prediction.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, BMI and WHtR emerge as the most practical and accessible indicators for early screening of NAFLD in both men and women, while ABSI shows minor effectiveness in identifying the disease.

Background: Numerous studies have shown a link between circadian rhythms disruptions and a higher risk of obesity. This article aims to conduct an extensive bibliometric analysis to deepen our understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythms and obesity.

Methods: The literature related to the circadian rhythm of obesity, published from the inception of the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) until June 30, 2024, was extracted from the WoSCC databases (SCIE, SSCI, ESCI). Using CiteSpace, Vosviewer, WPS, and other software, this paper examines the publication trends, including the number of papers, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.

Results: A total of 2,870 articles were included in this analysis, revealing a consistent year by year increase in research on the circadian rhythm of obesity. These publications originate from 460 institutions in 88 countries. Among the authors analysis, Garaulet, Marta was the most prolific, and Turek FW was the most co-cited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America emerged as the journal with the highest number of publications, and American Journal of Physiology had the highest centrality. The most frequently used keywords were "obesity," "circadian rhythm," "circadian clock," "metabolic syndrome," "metabolism." Additionally, research areas involving intermittent fasting, restricted feeding, and gut microbiota were rapidly developing and represented the forefront of research on circadian rhythms and obesity.

Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that research on circadian rhythms in obesity has been rapidly expanding, with increasingly in-depth exploration of the topic. It is recommended to strengthen cooperation between countries and institutions to jointly promote research in this field. The gene expression of obesity is an early hotspot in the study of circadian rhythm and obesity, and emerging research areas such as intermittent fasting, restricted feeding, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and gut microbiota will become significant hotspots and trends in the field of circadian rhythm and obesity. These findings provide researchers critical directions for future studies and may have significant implications for clinical practice and public health policy.