Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421531
Qian Ye, Yilin Zhou, Kai Xu, Zhili Jiang
BackgroundPeripheral arteriosclerosis is caused by any atherosclerosis outside the heart and brain. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between blood metabolites and peripheral arteriosclerosis.MethodsA Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to estimate the causality of blood metabolites on peripheral arteriosclerosis. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,400 metabolites was used as the exposure, whereas two different GWAS datasets of peripheral arteriosclerosis were the outcomes. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the main analysis of causal analysis. MR-Egger, the simple mode, weighted median and weighted mode were used to increase the stability and robustness of the results. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, the funnel plot, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were used for sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst5.0.ResultsIn this MR study, eight blood metabolites have a strong causal relationship with peripheral arteriosclerosis, including 1-myristoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (14:0/20:4), 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-gpc (16:0/20:4n6), 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE, 1-palmitoyl-2-dihomo-linolenoyl-GPC, Gamma-glutamylleucine, Deoxycholic acid glucuronide and two named X- (X-24546, X-26111). In addition, five important metabolic pathways in peripheral arteriosclerosis were identified through metabolic pathway analysis.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the causal relationship between blood metabolites and peripheral arteriosclerosis, and these eight blood metabolites provide new perspectives for screening and prevention of peripheral arteriosclerosis in the future.
{"title":"Causality of blood metabolites and metabolic pathways on peripheral arteriosclerosis: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Qian Ye, Yilin Zhou, Kai Xu, Zhili Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1421531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1421531","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPeripheral arteriosclerosis is caused by any atherosclerosis outside the heart and brain. However, the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between blood metabolites and peripheral arteriosclerosis.MethodsA Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was implemented to estimate the causality of blood metabolites on peripheral arteriosclerosis. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,400 metabolites was used as the exposure, whereas two different GWAS datasets of peripheral arteriosclerosis were the outcomes. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was the main analysis of causal analysis. MR-Egger, the simple mode, weighted median and weighted mode were used to increase the stability and robustness of the results. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, the funnel plot, and MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier were used for sensitivity analyses. Furthermore, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst5.0.ResultsIn this MR study, eight blood metabolites have a strong causal relationship with peripheral arteriosclerosis, including 1-myristoyl-2-arachidonoyl-GPC (14:0/20:4), 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-gpc (16:0/20:4n6), 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE, 1-palmitoyl-2-dihomo-linolenoyl-GPC, Gamma-glutamylleucine, Deoxycholic acid glucuronide and two named X- (X-24546, X-26111). In addition, five important metabolic pathways in peripheral arteriosclerosis were identified through metabolic pathway analysis.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the causal relationship between blood metabolites and peripheral arteriosclerosis, and these eight blood metabolites provide new perspectives for screening and prevention of peripheral arteriosclerosis in the future.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundThe clinical utility of Bacteroides fragilis in treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. Therefore, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and safety of B. fragilis BF839 in the treatment of pediatric ASD.MethodsWe examined 60 children aged 2–10 years diagnosed with ASD, and participants received either BF839 powder (10 g/bar with ≥106 CFU/bar of viable bacteria, two bars/day) or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcomes was Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score. The secondary outcomes were Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Normal Development of Social Skills from Infants to Junior High School Children (S-M), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores, and fecal microbiome composition. Assessments were performed on day 0 and at weeks 8 and 16.ResultsCompared with the placebo group, the BF839 group showed significant improvement in the ABC body and object use scores at week 16, which was more pronounced in children with ASD aged <4 years. Among children with a baseline CARS score ≥30, the BF839 group showed significant improvements at week 16 in the ABC total score, ABC body and object use score, CARS score, and GSRS score compared to the placebo group. Only two patients (6.67%) in the BF839 group experienced mild diarrhea. Compared with baseline and placebo group levels, the BF839 group showed a significant post-intervention increase in abundance of bifidobacteria and change in the metabolic function of neuroactive compounds encoded by intestinal microorganisms.ConclusionBF839 significantly and safely improved abnormal behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with ASD.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Bacteroides fragilis BF839 for pediatric autism spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial","authors":"Chu-hui Lin, Ting Zeng, Cui-wei Lu, De-yang Li, Yi-ying Liu, Bing-mei Li, Sheng-qiang Chen, Yu-hong Deng","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1447059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1447059","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe clinical utility of <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis</jats:italic> in treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unclear. Therefore, this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and safety of <jats:italic>B. fragilis</jats:italic> BF839 in the treatment of pediatric ASD.MethodsWe examined 60 children aged 2–10 years diagnosed with ASD, and participants received either BF839 powder (10 g/bar with ≥10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup> CFU/bar of viable bacteria, two bars/day) or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary outcomes was Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) score. The secondary outcomes were Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Normal Development of Social Skills from Infants to Junior High School Children (S-M), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) scores, and fecal microbiome composition. Assessments were performed on day 0 and at weeks 8 and 16.ResultsCompared with the placebo group, the BF839 group showed significant improvement in the ABC body and object use scores at week 16, which was more pronounced in children with ASD aged &lt;4 years. Among children with a baseline CARS score ≥30, the BF839 group showed significant improvements at week 16 in the ABC total score, ABC body and object use score, CARS score, and GSRS score compared to the placebo group. Only two patients (6.67%) in the BF839 group experienced mild diarrhea. Compared with baseline and placebo group levels, the BF839 group showed a significant post-intervention increase in abundance of <jats:italic>bifidobacteria</jats:italic> and change in the metabolic function of neuroactive compounds encoded by intestinal microorganisms.ConclusionBF839 significantly and safely improved abnormal behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1458536
Smilja Todorovic, Asli Akpinar, Ricardo Assunção, Cornelia Bär, Simona L. Bavaro, Muzeyyen Berkel Kasikci, Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes, Vittorio Capozzi, Paul D. Cotter, Eun-Hee Doo, Burcu Gündüz Ergün, Mustafa Guzel, Hayriye S. Harsa, Emre Hastaoglu, Christèle Humblot, Bahtir Hyseni, Muge I. Hosoglu, Aline Issa, Barçın Karakaş-Budak, Sibel Karakaya, Harun Kesenkas, Erhan Keyvan, Ibrahim E. Künili, Mary-Liis Kütt, Marta Laranjo, Sandrine Louis, Fani T. Mantzouridou, Antonia Matalas, Baltasar Mayo, Sandra Mojsova, Arghya Mukherjee, Anastasios Nikolaou, Fatih Ortakci, Diana Paveljšek, Giancarlo Perrone, Eugenia Pertziger, Dushica Santa, Taner Sar, Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux, Clarissa Schwab, Małgorzata Starowicz, Marko Stojanović, Michail Syrpas, Jyoti P. Tamang, Oktay Yerlikaya, Birsen Yilmaz, Jeadran Malagon-Rojas, Seppo Salminen, Juana Frias, Christophe Chassard, Guy Vergères
Worldwide, fermented foods (FF) are recognized as healthy and safe. Despite the rapid increase of research papers, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the health benefits and risks of FF. The COST Action CA20128 “Promoting innovation of fermented foods” (PIMENTO) aims to provide a comprehensive assessment on the available evidence by compiling a set of 16 reviews. Seven reviews will cover clinical and biological endpoints associated with major health indicators across several organ systems, including the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, immune, and skeletal systems. Nine reviews will address broader biological questions associated with FF including bioactive compounds and vitamin production, nutrient bioavailability and bioaccessibility, the role of FF in healthy diets and personalized nutrition, food safety, regulatory practices, and finally, the health properties of novel and ethnic FF. For each outcome assessed in the reviews, an innovative approach will be adopted based on EFSA’s published guidance for health claim submissions. In particular, each review will be composed of three parts: (1) a systematic review of available human studies; (2) a non-systematic review of the mechanism of action related to the clinical endpoints measured by the human studies identified in part 1; and (3) a non-systematic review of the characterization of the FF investigated in the human studies identified in part 1. The evidence and research gaps derived from the reviews will be summarized and published in the form of a strategic road map that will pave the way for future research on FF.
{"title":"Health benefits and risks of fermented foods—the PIMENTO initiative","authors":"Smilja Todorovic, Asli Akpinar, Ricardo Assunção, Cornelia Bär, Simona L. Bavaro, Muzeyyen Berkel Kasikci, Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes, Vittorio Capozzi, Paul D. Cotter, Eun-Hee Doo, Burcu Gündüz Ergün, Mustafa Guzel, Hayriye S. Harsa, Emre Hastaoglu, Christèle Humblot, Bahtir Hyseni, Muge I. Hosoglu, Aline Issa, Barçın Karakaş-Budak, Sibel Karakaya, Harun Kesenkas, Erhan Keyvan, Ibrahim E. Künili, Mary-Liis Kütt, Marta Laranjo, Sandrine Louis, Fani T. Mantzouridou, Antonia Matalas, Baltasar Mayo, Sandra Mojsova, Arghya Mukherjee, Anastasios Nikolaou, Fatih Ortakci, Diana Paveljšek, Giancarlo Perrone, Eugenia Pertziger, Dushica Santa, Taner Sar, Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux, Clarissa Schwab, Małgorzata Starowicz, Marko Stojanović, Michail Syrpas, Jyoti P. Tamang, Oktay Yerlikaya, Birsen Yilmaz, Jeadran Malagon-Rojas, Seppo Salminen, Juana Frias, Christophe Chassard, Guy Vergères","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1458536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1458536","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, fermented foods (FF) are recognized as healthy and safe. Despite the rapid increase of research papers, there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the health benefits and risks of FF. The COST Action CA20128 “Promoting innovation of fermented foods” (PIMENTO) aims to provide a comprehensive assessment on the available evidence by compiling a set of 16 reviews. Seven reviews will cover clinical and biological endpoints associated with major health indicators across several organ systems, including the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, immune, and skeletal systems. Nine reviews will address broader biological questions associated with FF including bioactive compounds and vitamin production, nutrient bioavailability and bioaccessibility, the role of FF in healthy diets and personalized nutrition, food safety, regulatory practices, and finally, the health properties of novel and ethnic FF. For each outcome assessed in the reviews, an innovative approach will be adopted based on EFSA’s published guidance for health claim submissions. In particular, each review will be composed of three parts: (1) a systematic review of available human studies; (2) a non-systematic review of the mechanism of action related to the clinical endpoints measured by the human studies identified in part 1; and (3) a non-systematic review of the characterization of the FF investigated in the human studies identified in part 1. The evidence and research gaps derived from the reviews will be summarized and published in the form of a strategic road map that will pave the way for future research on FF.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1437853
Claire Gaudichon
Amino acid scores have become very popular protein quality scores since their definition and recommendation by FAO expert groups. The chemical score is the central pillar of this method, and has been refined with digestibility correction factors, such as protein digestibility for the PD-CAAS and amino acid digestibility for the DIAAS. Several elements need to be taken into account to properly determine these scores, not only from a methodological point of view but also in order to reconcile regulation, pragmatism, accuracy and also biological significance. This review offers a reminder of the main points raised in the FAO reports on protein and AA requirements in 1995 and 2007, and on protein quality in 1991 and 2013. It also highlights the factors that most impact score metrics, and in particular the choice of reference pattern and protein determination in the food. Lastly, the scores are compared, and versus another quality score based on the physiological response, the protein efficiency ratio.
{"title":"Evolution and significance of amino acid scores for protein quality","authors":"Claire Gaudichon","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1437853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1437853","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acid scores have become very popular protein quality scores since their definition and recommendation by FAO expert groups. The chemical score is the central pillar of this method, and has been refined with digestibility correction factors, such as protein digestibility for the PD-CAAS and amino acid digestibility for the DIAAS. Several elements need to be taken into account to properly determine these scores, not only from a methodological point of view but also in order to reconcile regulation, pragmatism, accuracy and also biological significance. This review offers a reminder of the main points raised in the FAO reports on protein and AA requirements in 1995 and 2007, and on protein quality in 1991 and 2013. It also highlights the factors that most impact score metrics, and in particular the choice of reference pattern and protein determination in the food. Lastly, the scores are compared, and versus another quality score based on the physiological response, the protein efficiency ratio.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundBreakfast provides the energy and nutrition we need to function at best, both mentally and physically. It is also plausible to propose that children’s general development is impacted when they skip breakfast.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of breakfast consumption and associated factors and predictors among public primary school children in Debremarkos Town, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school-aged children in Debremarkos, Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 609 study participants. The children’s parents were interviewed using a pretested, structured questionnaire. For the rest of the analysis, SPSS version 20 was used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with breakfast consumption. Statistical significance was determined at a p value <0.05.ResultsOut of the sampled children, 600 respondents participated in the study, for a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption among school-aged children was 67.5%. Higher odds of regular breakfast consumption were found among respondents who were females (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.118–1.773), those who lived in high-income families (AOR = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.036–8.110), and those who had an educated family (AOR = 13.05, 95% CI = 0.019–13.1). However, lower odds of regular breakfast intake were found among respondents aged 9–12 years (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.369–0.79).ConclusionBreakfast is a major health concern for school-aged children in Debremarkos city. Breakfast eating is associated with several factors; the most notable factor is being female, having a high income, and having an uneducated family. Therefore, to prevent children from skipping breakfast, stakeholders must move swiftly.
背景早餐为我们提供所需的能量和营养，使我们的精神和身体都能达到最佳状态。目标 评估 2020 年埃塞俄比亚西北部德布雷马科斯镇公立小学儿童食用早餐的普遍程度以及相关因素和预测因素。方法 在埃塞俄比亚西北部德布雷马科斯镇的学龄儿童中开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段随机抽样技术选出了 609 名研究参与者。研究人员使用事先经过测试的结构化问卷对儿童的父母进行了访谈。其余分析均使用 SPSS 20 版本。为评估与食用早餐相关的因素，进行了逻辑回归分析。结果在抽样儿童中，有 600 名受访者参与了研究，回复率为 98.5%。学龄儿童经常食用早餐的比例为 67.5%。女性（AOR = 1.72，95% CI = 0.118-1.773）、高收入家庭（AOR = 7.33，95% CI = 1.036-8.110）和受过教育的家庭（AOR = 13.05，95% CI = 0.019-13.1）的受访者经常食用早餐的几率更高。结论早餐是德布雷马科斯市学龄儿童的主要健康问题。吃早餐与多种因素有关，其中最显著的因素是女性、高收入和未受过教育的家庭。因此，为了防止儿童不吃早餐，利益相关者必须迅速采取行动。
{"title":"Breakfast consumption and associated factors and barriers among school-aged children","authors":"Zelalem Aneley, Hirut Assaye, Habitamu Mekonen, Yenewa Bewket, Embet Lake, Andualem Fentahun","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1423301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1423301","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundBreakfast provides the energy and nutrition we need to function at best, both mentally and physically. It is also plausible to propose that children’s general development is impacted when they skip breakfast.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of breakfast consumption and associated factors and predictors among public primary school children in Debremarkos Town, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among school-aged children in Debremarkos, Northwest Ethiopia. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 609 study participants. The children’s parents were interviewed using a pretested, structured questionnaire. For the rest of the analysis, SPSS version 20 was used. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with breakfast consumption. Statistical significance was determined at a <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> value &lt;0.05.ResultsOut of the sampled children, 600 respondents participated in the study, for a response rate of 98.5%. The prevalence of regular breakfast consumption among school-aged children was 67.5%. Higher odds of regular breakfast consumption were found among respondents who were females (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.118–1.773), those who lived in high-income families (AOR = 7.33, 95% CI = 1.036–8.110), and those who had an educated family (AOR = 13.05, 95% CI = 0.019–13.1). However, lower odds of regular breakfast intake were found among respondents aged 9–12 years (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.369–0.79).ConclusionBreakfast is a major health concern for school-aged children in Debremarkos city. Breakfast eating is associated with several factors; the most notable factor is being female, having a high income, and having an uneducated family. Therefore, to prevent children from skipping breakfast, stakeholders must move swiftly.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1466388
Sunny Cui
Scurvy, a rare disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency, can occur in individuals with restrictive eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN), leading to severe health complications. This review explores the complex relationship between scurvy and AN, highlighting the overlapping symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and neurotransmitter production, and its deficiency manifests as fatigue, gingival bleeding, joint pain, and perifollicular hemorrhages. AN exacerbates these symptoms through extreme food restriction, causing severe nutritional deficiencies. Analyzing nine case reports, this review reveals that patients with co-occurring AN and scurvy often present with gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and dermatological symptoms. Treatment with vitamin C supplementation typically results in rapid symptom improvement. However, the malnutrition inherent in AN complicates the clinical picture, making timely diagnosis and intervention crucial. This review underscores the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to managing these conditions, emphasizing the need for early recognition and treatment to prevent severe complications. Future research should include a more diverse patient population to enhance understanding of the interplay between AN and scurvy, aiming to improve patient outcomes through tailored treatment strategies.
坏血病是一种由维生素 C 缺乏引起的罕见疾病，可发生在神经性厌食症（AN）等限制性饮食紊乱患者身上，导致严重的健康并发症。这篇综述探讨了坏血病与神经性厌食症之间的复杂关系，强调了两者的重叠症状以及诊断和治疗方面的挑战。维生素 C 是胶原蛋白合成、免疫功能和神经递质产生所必需的物质，缺乏维生素 C 表现为疲劳、牙龈出血、关节疼痛和毛囊周围出血。AN 会通过极度限制食物来加剧这些症状，造成严重的营养缺乏。本综述分析了九份病例报告，发现合并 AN 和坏血病的患者通常会出现胃肠道、精神和皮肤症状。补充维生素 C 的治疗通常能迅速改善症状。然而，AN固有的营养不良使临床症状更加复杂，因此及时诊断和干预至关重要。本综述强调了采用综合、多学科方法管理这些病症的重要性，并强调了早期识别和治疗以预防严重并发症的必要性。未来的研究应包括更多样化的患者群体，以加深对 AN 和坏血病之间相互作用的理解，从而通过量身定制的治疗策略改善患者的预后。
{"title":"A comprehensive review on the co-occurrence of scurvy and anorexia nervosa","authors":"Sunny Cui","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1466388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1466388","url":null,"abstract":"Scurvy, a rare disease resulting from vitamin C deficiency, can occur in individuals with restrictive eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN), leading to severe health complications. This review explores the complex relationship between scurvy and AN, highlighting the overlapping symptoms and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, immune function, and neurotransmitter production, and its deficiency manifests as fatigue, gingival bleeding, joint pain, and perifollicular hemorrhages. AN exacerbates these symptoms through extreme food restriction, causing severe nutritional deficiencies. Analyzing nine case reports, this review reveals that patients with co-occurring AN and scurvy often present with gastrointestinal, psychiatric, and dermatological symptoms. Treatment with vitamin C supplementation typically results in rapid symptom improvement. However, the malnutrition inherent in AN complicates the clinical picture, making timely diagnosis and intervention crucial. This review underscores the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to managing these conditions, emphasizing the need for early recognition and treatment to prevent severe complications. Future research should include a more diverse patient population to enhance understanding of the interplay between AN and scurvy, aiming to improve patient outcomes through tailored treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the associations of the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) with sarcopenic obesity (SO) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.MethodsData were gathered from NHANES between 2001 and 2004. To examine the relationship between CDAI and the occurrence of SO, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Subgroup analyses were performed to demonstrate the stability of the results. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the non-linear correlations.ResultsA total of 2,333 elderly individuals were included in the study. In the multivariate logistic regression crude model, we revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.928 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.891–0.965, p < 0.001] for the correlation between CDAI and SO. The ORs were 0.626 (95% CI, 0.463–0.842) and 0.487 (95% CI, 0.354–0.667) for CDAI tertiles 2 and 3, respectively (p for trend <0.001), after full adjustment. The subgroup analysis findings demonstrated a reliable and enduring connection between CDAI and SO across various subgroups. However, the strength of the correlation between CDAI and SO was significantly affected by diabetes (p for interaction = 0.027). Moreover, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped relationship.ConclusionThe present study identified an L-shaped correlation between CDAI and SO in elderly participants’ demographics. The implications of these findings were significant for future studies and the formulation of dietary guidelines.
背景本研究旨在利用美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）数据库，研究膳食抗氧化物综合指数（CDAI）与肌肉疏松性肥胖（SO）之间的关系。为了研究 CDAI 与 SO 发生率之间的关系，进行了多重逻辑回归分析。为了证明结果的稳定性，还进行了分组分析。研究利用限制性三次样条来检验非线性相关性。在多变量逻辑回归粗略模型中，我们发现 CDAI 与 SO 的相关性的几率比（OR）为 0.928 [95% 置信区间（CI），0.891-0.965，p < 0.001]。经全面调整后，CDAI 2 级和 3 级的 OR 分别为 0.626（95% CI，0.463-0.842）和 0.487（95% CI，0.354-0.667）（趋势 p <0.001）。亚组分析结果表明，在不同的亚组中，CDAI 和 SO 之间存在可靠而持久的联系。然而，CDAI 和 SO 之间的相关性强度受到糖尿病的显著影响（交互作用 p = 0.027）。此外，限制性立方样条分析显示两者之间存在 L 型关系。这些发现对今后的研究和膳食指南的制定具有重要意义。
{"title":"The L-shaped relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index and sarcopenic obesity in elderly adults: a cross-sectional study","authors":"He Wu, Xiyi Chen, Zhengqing Shi, Jieyu Liu, Ziqi Meng, Chenguo Zheng, Chongjun Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1428856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1428856","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the associations of the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) with sarcopenic obesity (SO) using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database.MethodsData were gathered from NHANES between 2001 and 2004. To examine the relationship between CDAI and the occurrence of SO, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Subgroup analyses were performed to demonstrate the stability of the results. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the non-linear correlations.ResultsA total of 2,333 elderly individuals were included in the study. In the multivariate logistic regression crude model, we revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.928 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.891–0.965, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001] for the correlation between CDAI and SO. The ORs were 0.626 (95% CI, 0.463–0.842) and 0.487 (95% CI, 0.354–0.667) for CDAI tertiles 2 and 3, respectively (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> for trend &lt;0.001), after full adjustment. The subgroup analysis findings demonstrated a reliable and enduring connection between CDAI and SO across various subgroups. However, the strength of the correlation between CDAI and SO was significantly affected by diabetes (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> for interaction = 0.027). Moreover, restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped relationship.ConclusionThe present study identified an L-shaped correlation between CDAI and SO in elderly participants’ demographics. The implications of these findings were significant for future studies and the formulation of dietary guidelines.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1431036
Xin Chen, Mingyu Zhu, Jie Cao, Didi Zuo, Zengai Chen, Yurong Weng, Hua Jiang, Yaomin Hu
BackgroundWhile sarcopenia has been found to be associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), evidence exploring sex-related differences remains insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the differences in how often sarcopenia occurs in each sex, as determined by skeletal muscle area (SMA) in chest CT images, and its association with CVD common risk factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 1,340 inpatients from the Department of Geriatrics of Renji Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, disease history, and clinical parameters were collected. Sarcopenia was defined using chest CT images with a cut-off value of T12-SMA/height2 <25.75 cm2/m2 in male patients and <20.16 cm2/m2 in female patients. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS). The association between T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia and CVD risk factors by sex was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia (<25.75 cm2/m2 for male patients, <20.16 cm2/m2 for female patients) was 54.03%, with 48.09% in male patients and 63.19% in female patients. The proportion of male patients with high CVD risk was greater than that of female patients. The multivariate analysis revealed that T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia was independently associated with age (in male patients only), systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the six FRS cardiovascular risk indices.ConclusionOur results suggest that T12-SMA/height2-defined sarcopenia was more prevalent in male patients than in female patients. Sarcopenia was associated with higher levels of SBP and HDL-C and lower levels of cholesterol. Increasing age had a more significant effect on CVD risk in male patients.
{"title":"Sex differences in the association between chest computed tomography-defined sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk factors among inpatients","authors":"Xin Chen, Mingyu Zhu, Jie Cao, Didi Zuo, Zengai Chen, Yurong Weng, Hua Jiang, Yaomin Hu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1431036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1431036","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundWhile sarcopenia has been found to be associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), evidence exploring sex-related differences remains insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the differences in how often sarcopenia occurs in each sex, as determined by skeletal muscle area (SMA) in chest CT images, and its association with CVD common risk factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 1,340 inpatients from the Department of Geriatrics of Renji Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Data on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, disease history, and clinical parameters were collected. Sarcopenia was defined using chest CT images with a cut-off value of T12-SMA/height<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> &lt;25.75 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> in male patients and &lt;20.16 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> in female patients. Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score (FRS). The association between T12-SMA/height<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>-defined sarcopenia and CVD risk factors by sex was evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of T12-SMA/height<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>-defined sarcopenia (&lt;25.75 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for male patients, &lt;20.16 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> for female patients) was 54.03%, with 48.09% in male patients and 63.19% in female patients. The proportion of male patients with high CVD risk was greater than that of female patients. The multivariate analysis revealed that T12-SMA/height<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>-defined sarcopenia was independently associated with age (in male patients only), systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the six FRS cardiovascular risk indices.ConclusionOur results suggest that T12-SMA/height<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>-defined sarcopenia was more prevalent in male patients than in female patients. Sarcopenia was associated with higher levels of SBP and HDL-C and lower levels of cholesterol. Increasing age had a more significant effect on CVD risk in male patients.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1443849
Jinhan Fu, Chunzi Zeng, Jie Huang, Jiaying Guo, Zheng Su, Shiyun Luo, Weiwei Zhang, Zhoubin Zhang, Huilian Zhu, Yan Li
BackgroundIron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia cause a huge disease burden worldwide. Diet is an important factor affecting the iron levels. This study aims to explore the dietary patterns of school-aged children in rural areas of Guangzhou and their association with iron deficiency.MethodsData on dietary surveys, lifestyle, demographic and laboratory tests were gathered from rural school-age children in Guangzhou. Factor analysis was applied to derive dietary patterns. Robust Poisson regression and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and iron deficiency.ResultsA total of 2,530 children and adolescents aged 9–17 years were enrolled. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 13.36%. Four dietary patterns were identified including snack and fast-food pattern, fruit and vegetable pattern, cereal and tuber pattern and meat and offal pattern. Both children and adolescents in the Q4 group (the highest propensity) of snack and fast-food pattern and cereal and tuber pattern had a higher risk of iron deficiency than the Q1 group (the lowest propensity). Both children and adolescents in the Q4 group of meat and offal pattern and fruit and vegetable pattern had a lower risk of iron deficiency than the Q1 group. The results of stratified analysis showed the negative effect of snack and fast-food pattern and the protective benefits of meat and offal pattern are more obvious for boys, and the negative effect of cereal and tuber pattern were obvious for girls. The negative effect or protective benefits of the four dietary patterns were obvious for children aged 9–13.ConclusionFemales, older children, and those with shorter sleep duration are at higher risk of iron deficiency. Snack and fast-food pattern and cereal and tuber pattern are risk factors for iron deficiency, and fruit and vegetable pattern and meat and offal pattern are protective factors for iron deficiency. The impact of diet on body iron levels is more obvious in boys and younger children. The findings of this study can provide evidence for formulating prevention and control measures on children and adolescents iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
{"title":"Dietary patterns and association with Iron deficiency among children and adolescents aged 9–17 years in rural Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Jinhan Fu, Chunzi Zeng, Jie Huang, Jiaying Guo, Zheng Su, Shiyun Luo, Weiwei Zhang, Zhoubin Zhang, Huilian Zhu, Yan Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1443849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1443849","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundIron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia cause a huge disease burden worldwide. Diet is an important factor affecting the iron levels. This study aims to explore the dietary patterns of school-aged children in rural areas of Guangzhou and their association with iron deficiency.MethodsData on dietary surveys, lifestyle, demographic and laboratory tests were gathered from rural school-age children in Guangzhou. Factor analysis was applied to derive dietary patterns. Robust Poisson regression and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and iron deficiency.ResultsA total of 2,530 children and adolescents aged 9–17 years were enrolled. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 13.36%. Four dietary patterns were identified including snack and fast-food pattern, fruit and vegetable pattern, cereal and tuber pattern and meat and offal pattern. Both children and adolescents in the Q4 group (the highest propensity) of snack and fast-food pattern and cereal and tuber pattern had a higher risk of iron deficiency than the Q1 group (the lowest propensity). Both children and adolescents in the Q4 group of meat and offal pattern and fruit and vegetable pattern had a lower risk of iron deficiency than the Q1 group. The results of stratified analysis showed the negative effect of snack and fast-food pattern and the protective benefits of meat and offal pattern are more obvious for boys, and the negative effect of cereal and tuber pattern were obvious for girls. The negative effect or protective benefits of the four dietary patterns were obvious for children aged 9–13.ConclusionFemales, older children, and those with shorter sleep duration are at higher risk of iron deficiency. Snack and fast-food pattern and cereal and tuber pattern are risk factors for iron deficiency, and fruit and vegetable pattern and meat and offal pattern are protective factors for iron deficiency. The impact of diet on body iron levels is more obvious in boys and younger children. The findings of this study can provide evidence for formulating prevention and control measures on children and adolescents iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1467475
Nicholas G. Norwitz, Adrian Soto-Mota
BackgroundVery-low-carbohydrate diets, including ketogenic and carnivore diets, are gaining popularity for the experimental treatment of a wide range of disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsParticipants were recruited through a social media survey. Final inclusion required a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease that was responsive to treatment with a ketogenic or carnivore diet without medication or with successful medication cessation on the diet. Clinical improvement was measured with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ).ResultsWe report on 10 cases of IBD responsive to ketogenic, mostly carnivore, diets. Clinical presentations were diverse, including six cases of UC and four of Crohn’s disease. Clinical improvements were universal, with clinical improvement scores ranging between 72 and 165 points on the IBDQ. Patients’ diets comprised mostly meat, eggs, and animal fats. Patients report their diets are pleasurable, sustainable, and unequivocally enhance their quality of life.ConclusionKetogenic and carnivore diets hold promise for the treatment of IBD, including UC and Crohn’s disease. These cases are consistent with clinical literature that shows an inverse association between intestinal ketone levels and IBD activity, as well as the therapeutic effects of low residue elimination diets on colonic microbiota metabolism.
{"title":"Case report: Carnivore–ketogenic diet for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a case series of 10 patients","authors":"Nicholas G. Norwitz, Adrian Soto-Mota","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1467475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1467475","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundVery-low-carbohydrate diets, including ketogenic and carnivore diets, are gaining popularity for the experimental treatment of a wide range of disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsParticipants were recruited through a social media survey. Final inclusion required a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease that was responsive to treatment with a ketogenic or carnivore diet without medication or with successful medication cessation on the diet. Clinical improvement was measured with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ).ResultsWe report on 10 cases of IBD responsive to ketogenic, mostly carnivore, diets. Clinical presentations were diverse, including six cases of UC and four of Crohn’s disease. Clinical improvements were universal, with clinical improvement scores ranging between 72 and 165 points on the IBDQ. Patients’ diets comprised mostly meat, eggs, and animal fats. Patients report their diets are pleasurable, sustainable, and unequivocally enhance their quality of life.ConclusionKetogenic and carnivore diets hold promise for the treatment of IBD, including UC and Crohn’s disease. These cases are consistent with clinical literature that shows an inverse association between intestinal ketone levels and IBD activity, as well as the therapeutic effects of low residue elimination diets on colonic microbiota metabolism.","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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