Pub Date : 2024-10-23eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428810
Mark J Manary, Donna R Wegner, Kenneth Maleta
Protein quality refers to the evaluation of a food or a diet based on its amino acid composition, protein digestibility, and protein bioavailability. When these parameters are specified, either through direct measurement or estimation, the amino acids provided by the diet are compared to those required by a healthy individual, and based on this comparison, an adequacy ratio or score is assigned. Two widely used protein quality scoring systems are the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), neither of which account for the dietary source of the protein. In malnourished children, metabolic adaptations reduce the endogenous availability of amino acids and increase the demand for protein synthesis. These increased amino acid requirements are primarily driven by the presence of acute infection and the need for tissue accretion. This review examines two large clinical feeding trials involving moderately malnourished children, where dietary protein quality was carefully measured. The finding s suggest that protein quality scores alone do not reliably predict weight gain or recovery in these children and that consuming milk protein provides distinct advantages over vegetable-based proteins.
{"title":"Protein quality malnutrition.","authors":"Mark J Manary, Donna R Wegner, Kenneth Maleta","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1428810","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1428810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein quality refers to the evaluation of a food or a diet based on its amino acid composition, protein digestibility, and protein bioavailability. When these parameters are specified, either through direct measurement or estimation, the amino acids provided by the diet are compared to those required by a healthy individual, and based on this comparison, an adequacy ratio or score is assigned. Two widely used protein quality scoring systems are the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), neither of which account for the dietary source of the protein. In malnourished children, metabolic adaptations reduce the endogenous availability of amino acids and increase the demand for protein synthesis. These increased amino acid requirements are primarily driven by the presence of acute infection and the need for tissue accretion. This review examines two large clinical feeding trials involving moderately malnourished children, where dietary protein quality was carefully measured. The finding s suggest that protein quality scores alone do not reliably predict weight gain or recovery in these children and that consuming milk protein provides distinct advantages over vegetable-based proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1428810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1452137
Yongyue Miao, Sijia Ma, Xian Wu
Background: Epidemiological surveys show that there is a significant gender difference in the incidence of stroke, with females having a noticeably higher rate than males. Accordingly, it is crucial to seek preventive measures for stroke specifically targeted at females. Although previous studies have shown that tea has been proven to be negatively correlated with stroke, the relationship between tea and stroke in American adult females is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tea consumption and the occurrence of stroke in American adult females.
Methods: The data analyzed is derived from the NHANES database between 2011 and 2018. The quantity of tea consumed was gathered from a 24-h dietary review. Stroke was identified by using questionnaire. The association between tea consumption and stroke was investigated using a weighted regression model. Then we used interaction testing and subgroup analysis to conduct a thorough analysis. Simultaneously, the association between the sugar content in tea and stroke was examined.
Results: This study included 5731 adult females aged between 20 and 60 years. Compared to those who did not consume tea, the likelihood of stroke decreased by 9% for each additional 100 g of tea ingested by participants (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.83-1.00). In the unadjusted model, those who drank 307.5-480 g of tea per day had a substantially decreased risk of stroke than those who did not drink tea (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.08-0.64). After adjustment, this relationship also persisted (Model II: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.64; Model III: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.66). In both Model II and Model III, there was a statistically significant relationship between consuming 480-744 g of tea per day and the risk of stroke (Model II: OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.16-0.94; Model III: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98). Subgroup analysis revealed an interaction only with level of education (P = 0.031). Ultimately, we also demonstrated that people who drink sugar free tea have a lower risk of stroke, and even after adjusting for mixed factors.
Conclusion: This study suggested that proper tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke in adult females, which recommended drinking sugar free tea.
{"title":"Association between tea consumption and stroke in the American adult females: analyses of NHANES 2011-2018 data.","authors":"Yongyue Miao, Sijia Ma, Xian Wu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1452137","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1452137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiological surveys show that there is a significant gender difference in the incidence of stroke, with females having a noticeably higher rate than males. Accordingly, it is crucial to seek preventive measures for stroke specifically targeted at females. Although previous studies have shown that tea has been proven to be negatively correlated with stroke, the relationship between tea and stroke in American adult females is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tea consumption and the occurrence of stroke in American adult females.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data analyzed is derived from the NHANES database between 2011 and 2018. The quantity of tea consumed was gathered from a 24-h dietary review. Stroke was identified by using questionnaire. The association between tea consumption and stroke was investigated using a weighted regression model. Then we used interaction testing and subgroup analysis to conduct a thorough analysis. Simultaneously, the association between the sugar content in tea and stroke was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 5731 adult females aged between 20 and 60 years. Compared to those who did not consume tea, the likelihood of stroke decreased by 9% for each additional 100 g of tea ingested by participants (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.83-1.00). In the unadjusted model, those who drank 307.5-480 g of tea per day had a substantially decreased risk of stroke than those who did not drink tea (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.08-0.64). After adjustment, this relationship also persisted (Model II: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.64; Model III: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.66). In both Model II and Model III, there was a statistically significant relationship between consuming 480-744 g of tea per day and the risk of stroke (Model II: OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.16-0.94; Model III: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98). Subgroup analysis revealed an interaction only with level of education (<i>P</i> = 0.031). Ultimately, we also demonstrated that people who drink sugar free tea have a lower risk of stroke, and even after adjusting for mixed factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggested that proper tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke in adult females, which recommended drinking sugar free tea.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1452137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The differential effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic formulations on human health are dictated by the inter-individual gut microbial profile. The effects of probiotics such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN) on gut microbiota may vary according to the microbiome profiles of individuals and may be influenced by the presence of certain carbohydrates, which can impact microbial community structure and treatment results.
Method: Processed fecal samples from donors having contrasting lifestyles, dietary patterns, and disease histories were mixed with 5 × 106 CFU/mL ECN with or without 1% (w/v) sugars (glucose, galactose, or rice starch) in a host-free system. Post-incubation, 16 s rRNA sequencing was performed. Microbial diversity and taxonomic abundance were computed in relation to the probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatment effects and interpersonal microbiome variance.
Result: Baseline gut microbial profiles showed significant inter-individual variations. ECN treatment alone had a limited impact on the inter-personal gut microbial diversity and abundance. Prebiotics caused a substantial enrichment in Actinobacteria, but there were differences in the responses at the order and genus levels, with enrichment shown in Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Megasphaera. Subject B exhibited enrichment in Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, but subject A showed more diversified taxonomic alterations as a consequence of the synbiotic treatments. Despite negligible difference in the α-diversity, probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments independently resulted in distinct segregation in microbial communities at the β-diversity level. The core microbiota was altered only under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment. Significant correlations primarily for minor phyla were identified under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment.
Conclusion: The interindividual microbiome composition strongly influences the effectiveness of personalized diet and treatment plans. The responsiveness to dietary strategies varies according to individual microbiome profiles influenced by health, diet, and lifestyle. Therefore, tailored approaches that consider individual microbiome compositions are crucial for maximizing gut health and treatment results.
导言:益生菌、益生菌和合成益生菌配方对人体健康的不同影响取决于个体间的肠道微生物特征。益生菌(如大肠埃希氏菌 Nissle 1917(ECN))对肠道微生物群的影响可能因个体的微生物群特征而异,也可能受某些碳水化合物的影响,从而影响微生物群落结构和治疗效果:方法:在无宿主系统中,将具有不同生活方式、饮食模式和疾病史的供体的粪便样本与 5 × 106 CFU/mL ECN(含或不含 1%(w/v)糖类(葡萄糖、半乳糖或大米淀粉))混合。培养后,进行 16 s rRNA 测序。计算微生物多样性和分类丰度与益生菌、益生元和合成益生元处理效果以及人际微生物组变异的关系:结果:基线肠道微生物图谱显示出显著的个体间差异。单独使用 ECN 对个体间肠道微生物多样性和丰度的影响有限。益生元使放线菌大量富集,但在菌目和菌属水平上的反应存在差异,双歧杆菌、柯林斯菌和 Megasphaera 出现富集。受试者 B 表现出对变形菌和蓝细菌的富集,但受试者 A 在合成生物处理后表现出更多样化的分类改变。尽管α-多样性的差异微乎其微,但益生菌、益生菌和合成益生菌处理在β-多样性水平上分别导致了不同的微生物群落分离。只有益生菌和合成益生菌处理才改变了核心微生物群。在益生菌和合成益生菌处理过程中,发现了主要针对小系统的显著相关性:结论:个体间微生物组的组成对个性化饮食和治疗方案的效果有很大影响。受健康、饮食和生活方式影响的个体微生物组特征不同,对饮食策略的反应也不同。因此,考虑个体微生物组组成的定制方法对于最大限度地提高肠道健康和治疗效果至关重要。
{"title":"Modulation of gut microbiome in response to the combination of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 and sugars: a pilot study using host-free system reflecting impact on interpersonal microbiome.","authors":"Kiran Heer, Manpreet Kaur, Dwinder Sidhu, Priyankar Dey, Saumya Raychaudhuri","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1452784","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1452784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The differential effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic formulations on human health are dictated by the inter-individual gut microbial profile. The effects of probiotics such as <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 (ECN) on gut microbiota may vary according to the microbiome profiles of individuals and may be influenced by the presence of certain carbohydrates, which can impact microbial community structure and treatment results.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Processed fecal samples from donors having contrasting lifestyles, dietary patterns, and disease histories were mixed with 5 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL ECN with or without 1% (w/v) sugars (glucose, galactose, or rice starch) in a host-free system. Post-incubation, 16 s rRNA sequencing was performed. Microbial diversity and taxonomic abundance were computed in relation to the probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatment effects and interpersonal microbiome variance.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Baseline gut microbial profiles showed significant inter-individual variations. ECN treatment alone had a limited impact on the inter-personal gut microbial diversity and abundance. Prebiotics caused a substantial enrichment in Actinobacteria, but there were differences in the responses at the order and genus levels, with enrichment shown in <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Collinsella</i>, and <i>Megasphaera</i>. Subject B exhibited enrichment in Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, but subject A showed more diversified taxonomic alterations as a consequence of the synbiotic treatments. Despite negligible difference in the <i>α</i>-diversity, probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments independently resulted in distinct segregation in microbial communities at the <i>β</i>-diversity level. The core microbiota was altered only under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment. Significant correlations primarily for minor phyla were identified under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The interindividual microbiome composition strongly influences the effectiveness of personalized diet and treatment plans. The responsiveness to dietary strategies varies according to individual microbiome profiles influenced by health, diet, and lifestyle. Therefore, tailored approaches that consider individual microbiome compositions are crucial for maximizing gut health and treatment results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1452784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1438740
Tooba Asif, Anna Ouřadová, Ainara Martínez Tabar, Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Sandra Müller, Joelina Dietrich, Vanessa Keller, Marina Heniková, Eliška Selinger, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Maria Wakolbinger, Willem De Keyzer, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Monika Cahová, Leonie H Bogl, Marek Kuzma, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Stefaan De Henauw, Markus Keller, Selma Kronsteiner-Gicevic, Eva Schernhammer, Jan Gojda
Consumption of plant-based diets, including vegan diets, necessitates attention to the quality of the diet for the prevention and early detection of nutritional deficiencies. Within the VEGANScreener project, a unique brief screening tool for the assessment and monitoring of diet quality among vegans in Europe was developed. To provide a standardized tool for public use, a clinical study will be conducted to evaluate the VEGANScreener against a reference dietary assessment method and nutritional biomarkers. An observational study is set to include 600 participants across five European sites - Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland. In total, 400 self-reported vegans (≥2 years on a vegan diet), and 170 self-reported omnivore controls will be examined, aged between 18 and 65 years, with males and females being equally represented in a 1:1 ratio for two age groups (18-35 and 36-65 years). Participants with diseases affecting metabolism and intestinal integrity will be excluded. The clinical assessment will include a structured medical history, along with taking blood pressure and anthropometric measurements. Blood and urine will be sampled and analyzed for a set of dietary biomarkers. Metabolomic analyses will be conducted to explore potential novel biomarkers of vegan diet. Moreover, saliva samples will be collected to assess the metabolome and the microbiome. Participants will receive instructions to complete a nonconsecutive 4-day diet record, along with the VEGANScreener, a socio-demographic survey, a well-being survey, and a FFQ. To evaluate reproducibility, the VEGANScreener will be administered twice over a three-weeks period. Among vegans, the construct validity and criterion validity of the VEGANScreener will be analyzed through associations of the score with nutrient and food group intakes, diet quality scores assessed from the 4-day diet records, and associations with the dietary biomarkers. Secondary outcomes will include analysis of dietary data, metabolomics, and microbiomes in all participants. Major nutrient sources and variations will be assessed in the sample. Exploratory metabolomic analysis will be performed using multivariable statistics and regression analysis to identify novel biomarkers. Standard statistical models will be implemented for cross-sectional comparisons of geographical groups and vegans versus omnivores.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a web-based diet quality screener for vegans (VEGANScreener): a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter, clinical study.","authors":"Tooba Asif, Anna Ouřadová, Ainara Martínez Tabar, Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Sandra Müller, Joelina Dietrich, Vanessa Keller, Marina Heniková, Eliška Selinger, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Maria Wakolbinger, Willem De Keyzer, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Monika Cahová, Leonie H Bogl, Marek Kuzma, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Stefaan De Henauw, Markus Keller, Selma Kronsteiner-Gicevic, Eva Schernhammer, Jan Gojda","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1438740","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1438740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumption of plant-based diets, including vegan diets, necessitates attention to the quality of the diet for the prevention and early detection of nutritional deficiencies. Within the VEGANScreener project, a unique brief screening tool for the assessment and monitoring of diet quality among vegans in Europe was developed. To provide a standardized tool for public use, a clinical study will be conducted to evaluate the VEGANScreener against a reference dietary assessment method and nutritional biomarkers. An observational study is set to include 600 participants across five European sites - Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland. In total, 400 self-reported vegans (≥2 years on a vegan diet), and 170 self-reported omnivore controls will be examined, aged between 18 and 65 years, with males and females being equally represented in a 1:1 ratio for two age groups (18-35 and 36-65 years). Participants with diseases affecting metabolism and intestinal integrity will be excluded. The clinical assessment will include a structured medical history, along with taking blood pressure and anthropometric measurements. Blood and urine will be sampled and analyzed for a set of dietary biomarkers. Metabolomic analyses will be conducted to explore potential novel biomarkers of vegan diet. Moreover, saliva samples will be collected to assess the metabolome and the microbiome. Participants will receive instructions to complete a nonconsecutive 4-day diet record, along with the VEGANScreener, a socio-demographic survey, a well-being survey, and a FFQ. To evaluate reproducibility, the VEGANScreener will be administered twice over a three-weeks period. Among vegans, the construct validity and criterion validity of the VEGANScreener will be analyzed through associations of the score with nutrient and food group intakes, diet quality scores assessed from the 4-day diet records, and associations with the dietary biomarkers. Secondary outcomes will include analysis of dietary data, metabolomics, and microbiomes in all participants. Major nutrient sources and variations will be assessed in the sample. Exploratory metabolomic analysis will be performed using multivariable statistics and regression analysis to identify novel biomarkers. Standard statistical models will be implemented for cross-sectional comparisons of geographical groups and vegans versus omnivores.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1438740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is an important factors affecting the quality of rice, and different nitrogen-efficient rice varieties show significant differences in their response to nitrogen and phosphorus application.
Methods: In this experiment, a low-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Deyou 4727) and a high-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Jingyou 781) were selected, and the changes in rice quality and differences in starch structure under nitrogen-phosphorus interaction treatments were determined.
Results: Appearance, flavor, starch content and thermodynamic properties, endosperm cell arrangement, and starch granule morphology and size were significantly influenced by variety, nitrogen-phosphorus interactions, and their interaction effects. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quality was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer. The whiteness and chalkiness rates of Deyou 4727 first decreased and then increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, wheras the appearance quality of Jingyou 781 increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. Starch crystallinity in Deyou 4727 first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas starch crystallinity in Jingyou 781 increased continuously with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. The application of phosphorus fertilizer led to an increase in starch crystallinity in both nitrogen-efficient rice varieties, consistent with the response of different rice varieties to nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of appearance and chalkiness. With the increasing application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, the differences in the physicochemical properties and structure of starch became more significant.
Discussion: High-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can significantly improve appearance quality under high nitrogen conditions, and the interactions of medium-high nitrogen and low-medium phosphorus can lead to a significant decrease in starch thermal parameters and retention rate, thus improving rice cooking quality. Low-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can also improve the quality of rice under low-medium-nitrogen conditions with appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer.
{"title":"Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on starch characteristics and quality of rice with different nitrogen efficiency.","authors":"Guotao Yang, Qin Wang, Guohao Zhang, Chunyan Jiang, Peng Ma, Yungao Hu","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1462689","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1462689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is an important factors affecting the quality of rice, and different nitrogen-efficient rice varieties show significant differences in their response to nitrogen and phosphorus application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experiment, a low-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Deyou 4727) and a high-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Jingyou 781) were selected, and the changes in rice quality and differences in starch structure under nitrogen-phosphorus interaction treatments were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Appearance, flavor, starch content and thermodynamic properties, endosperm cell arrangement, and starch granule morphology and size were significantly influenced by variety, nitrogen-phosphorus interactions, and their interaction effects. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quality was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer. The whiteness and chalkiness rates of Deyou 4727 first decreased and then increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, wheras the appearance quality of Jingyou 781 increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. Starch crystallinity in Deyou 4727 first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas starch crystallinity in Jingyou 781 increased continuously with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. The application of phosphorus fertilizer led to an increase in starch crystallinity in both nitrogen-efficient rice varieties, consistent with the response of different rice varieties to nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of appearance and chalkiness. With the increasing application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, the differences in the physicochemical properties and structure of starch became more significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>High-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can significantly improve appearance quality under high nitrogen conditions, and the interactions of medium-high nitrogen and low-medium phosphorus can lead to a significant decrease in starch thermal parameters and retention rate, thus improving rice cooking quality. Low-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can also improve the quality of rice under low-medium-nitrogen conditions with appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1462689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Malnutrition often occurs in patients with colorectal cancer. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on GLIM criteria for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery.
Methods: From December 2015 to May 2021, patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at our center were recruited for this study. We prospectively collected data on GLIM-defined malnutrition and other clinicopathological characteristics. Using Cox regeneration, we developed a novel nomogram for prognostic prediction, which was validated and compared to traditional nutritional factors for predictive accuracy.
Results: Among the 983 patients enrolled in this study, malnutrition was identified in 233 (23.70%) patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that GLIM-defined malnutrition is the independent risk factor for overall survival (HR = 1.793, 95% CI = 1.390-2.313 for moderate malnutrition and HR = 3.485, 95% CI = 2.087-5.818 for severe malnutrition). The novel nomogram based on the GLIM criteria demonstrated a better performance than existing criteria, with AUC of 0.729, 0.703, and 0.683 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS, respectively, in the validation cohort. In addition, the risk score determined by this system exhibited significantly poorer short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in high-risk groups in both malnourished and well-nourished patients.
Conclusion: Combining handgrip strength, serum albumin level, and TNM stage would help improve the predictive effect of GLIM criteria for colorectal cancer patients post-radical surgery and benefit the individual prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer.
{"title":"Development and validation of a novel prognostic prediction system based on GLIM-defined malnutrition for colorectal cancer patients post-radical surgery.","authors":"Xialin Yan, Junchang Zhu, Junqi Wang, Yingjie Lu, Xingzhao Ye, Xiangwei Sun, Haojie Jiang, Zongze Li, Chenhao He, Wenbo Zhai, Qiantong Dong, Weizhe Chen, Zhen Yu, Yifei Pan, Dongdong Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1425317","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1425317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition often occurs in patients with colorectal cancer. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on GLIM criteria for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From December 2015 to May 2021, patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at our center were recruited for this study. We prospectively collected data on GLIM-defined malnutrition and other clinicopathological characteristics. Using Cox regeneration, we developed a novel nomogram for prognostic prediction, which was validated and compared to traditional nutritional factors for predictive accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 983 patients enrolled in this study, malnutrition was identified in 233 (23.70%) patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that GLIM-defined malnutrition is the independent risk factor for overall survival (HR = 1.793, 95% CI = 1.390-2.313 for moderate malnutrition and HR = 3.485, 95% CI = 2.087-5.818 for severe malnutrition). The novel nomogram based on the GLIM criteria demonstrated a better performance than existing criteria, with AUC of 0.729, 0.703, and 0.683 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS, respectively, in the validation cohort. In addition, the risk score determined by this system exhibited significantly poorer short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in high-risk groups in both malnourished and well-nourished patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining handgrip strength, serum albumin level, and TNM stage would help improve the predictive effect of GLIM criteria for colorectal cancer patients post-radical surgery and benefit the individual prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1425317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11536661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1491821
Qiurong Wang, Hui Huang, Ying Yang, Xianglan Yang, Xuemei Li, Wei Zhong, Biao Wen, Feng He, Jun Li
The human gut harbors a complex and diverse microbiota essential for maintaining health. Diet is the most significant modifiable factor influencing gut microbiota composition and function, particularly through bioactive compounds like polyphenols, dietary fibers, and carotenoids found in vegetables, fruits, seafood, coffee, and green tea. These compounds regulate the gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing harmful ones, leading to the production of key microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, and tryptophan metabolites. These metabolites are crucial for gut homeostasis, influencing gut barrier function, immune responses, energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory processes, lipid digestion, and modulation of gut inflammation. This review outlines the regulatory impact of typical bioactive compounds on the gut microbiota and explores the connection between specific microbiota-derived metabolites and overall health. We discuss how dietary interventions can affect disease development and progression through mechanisms involving these metabolites. We examine the roles of bioactive compounds and their metabolites in the prevention and treatment of diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study provides new insights into disease prevention and underscores the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota as a strategy for improving health.
{"title":"Reinventing gut health: leveraging dietary bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of diseases.","authors":"Qiurong Wang, Hui Huang, Ying Yang, Xianglan Yang, Xuemei Li, Wei Zhong, Biao Wen, Feng He, Jun Li","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1491821","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1491821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut harbors a complex and diverse microbiota essential for maintaining health. Diet is the most significant modifiable factor influencing gut microbiota composition and function, particularly through bioactive compounds like polyphenols, dietary fibers, and carotenoids found in vegetables, fruits, seafood, coffee, and green tea. These compounds regulate the gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing harmful ones, leading to the production of key microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, and tryptophan metabolites. These metabolites are crucial for gut homeostasis, influencing gut barrier function, immune responses, energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory processes, lipid digestion, and modulation of gut inflammation. This review outlines the regulatory impact of typical bioactive compounds on the gut microbiota and explores the connection between specific microbiota-derived metabolites and overall health. We discuss how dietary interventions can affect disease development and progression through mechanisms involving these metabolites. We examine the roles of bioactive compounds and their metabolites in the prevention and treatment of diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study provides new insights into disease prevention and underscores the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota as a strategy for improving health.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1491821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is usually associated with muscle wasting and diaphragm weakness, resulting in high medical costs and mortality. Adequate energy and protein intake were beneficial in sarcopenia patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of protein intake in weaning parameters in patients with PMV.
Materials and methods: We enrolled patients with PMV (mechanical ventilation ≥6 h/day for ≥21 days) from a respiratory care center (RCC) of a tertiary medical center from December 2020 to October 2022, and classified them into weaning success and weaning failure groups. The patients' characteristics, nutrition records, weaning parameters and outcomes were analyzed.
Results: A total of 289 patients were included (mean age 73.5 years). Of the 289 patients, 149 were weaned successfully and 140 were not. The average protein intake was higher in the weaning success group than in the weaning failure group (1.22 ± 0.320 versus 0.99 ± 0.332 g/kg/day, p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the average calorie intake and whey protein intake between the two groups. RSBI <90 breaths/min/L (OR = 2.38, p = 0.045), serum albumin at 4th week ≥3 g/dL (OR = 2.89, p = 0.027), daily protein intake ≥1.01 g/kg/day (OR = 8.10, p < 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio ≥ 300 (OR = 2.56, p = 0.027) were independent predictors for weaning from ventilator. Weak positive correlations were found between average protein intake with PF ratio (r = 0.1576, p = 0.0227) and PaO2 (r = 0.13359, p = 0.0497).
Conclusion: Daily protein intake had positively correlated with PF ratio and had independently benefit for weaning in patients with PMV.
{"title":"Higher protein intake may benefit in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation.","authors":"Chiung-Hsin Chang, Chun-Yu Lin, Yu-Lun Lo, Ting-Yu Lin, Chen-Yiu Hung, Meng-Heng Hsieh, Yueh-Fu Fang, Hung-Yu Huang, Shu-Min Lin, Horng-Chyuan Lin","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1449240","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1449240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is usually associated with muscle wasting and diaphragm weakness, resulting in high medical costs and mortality. Adequate energy and protein intake were beneficial in sarcopenia patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of protein intake in weaning parameters in patients with PMV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We enrolled patients with PMV (mechanical ventilation ≥6 h/day for ≥21 days) from a respiratory care center (RCC) of a tertiary medical center from December 2020 to October 2022, and classified them into weaning success and weaning failure groups. The patients' characteristics, nutrition records, weaning parameters and outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 289 patients were included (mean age 73.5 years). Of the 289 patients, 149 were weaned successfully and 140 were not. The average protein intake was higher in the weaning success group than in the weaning failure group (1.22 ± 0.320 versus 0.99 ± 0.332 g/kg/day, <i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the average calorie intake and whey protein intake between the two groups. RSBI <90 breaths/min/L (OR = 2.38, <i>p</i> = 0.045), serum albumin at 4th week ≥3 g/dL (OR = 2.89, <i>p</i> = 0.027), daily protein intake ≥1.01 g/kg/day (OR = 8.10, <i>p</i> < 0.001), PaO<sub>2</sub>/FiO<sub>2</sub> (PF) ratio ≥ 300 (OR = 2.56, <i>p</i> = 0.027) were independent predictors for weaning from ventilator. Weak positive correlations were found between average protein intake with PF ratio (<i>r</i> = 0.1576, <i>p</i> = 0.0227) and PaO<sub>2</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.13359, <i>p</i> = 0.0497).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Daily protein intake had positively correlated with PF ratio and had independently benefit for weaning in patients with PMV.</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1449240"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11533934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1488063
Malek Mecherques-Carini, Mario Albaladejo-Saura, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Nicolás Baglietto, Francisco Esparza-Ros
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421950.].
[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1421950]。
{"title":"Corrigendum: Validity and agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in the estimation of fat mass in young adults.","authors":"Malek Mecherques-Carini, Mario Albaladejo-Saura, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Nicolás Baglietto, Francisco Esparza-Ros","doi":"10.3389/fnut.2024.1488063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1488063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421950.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12473,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Nutrition","volume":"11 ","pages":"1488063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11532586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}