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Protein quality malnutrition. 蛋白质质量营养不良。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1428810
Mark J Manary, Donna R Wegner, Kenneth Maleta

Protein quality refers to the evaluation of a food or a diet based on its amino acid composition, protein digestibility, and protein bioavailability. When these parameters are specified, either through direct measurement or estimation, the amino acids provided by the diet are compared to those required by a healthy individual, and based on this comparison, an adequacy ratio or score is assigned. Two widely used protein quality scoring systems are the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), neither of which account for the dietary source of the protein. In malnourished children, metabolic adaptations reduce the endogenous availability of amino acids and increase the demand for protein synthesis. These increased amino acid requirements are primarily driven by the presence of acute infection and the need for tissue accretion. This review examines two large clinical feeding trials involving moderately malnourished children, where dietary protein quality was carefully measured. The finding s suggest that protein quality scores alone do not reliably predict weight gain or recovery in these children and that consuming milk protein provides distinct advantages over vegetable-based proteins.

蛋白质质量是指根据食物或日粮的氨基酸组成、蛋白质消化率和蛋白质生物利用率对其进行评估。通过直接测量或估算确定这些参数后,将日粮提供的氨基酸与健康人所需的氨基酸进行比较,并在此基础上确定充足率或评分。两种广泛使用的蛋白质质量评分系统是蛋白质消化率校正氨基酸评分(PDCAAS)和可消化不可缺少氨基酸评分(DIAAS),这两种评分系统都不考虑蛋白质的膳食来源。在营养不良的儿童中,新陈代谢适应性降低了氨基酸的内源性供应,增加了对蛋白质合成的需求。氨基酸需求的增加主要是由于急性感染和组织增生的需要。本综述研究了两项涉及中度营养不良儿童的大型临床喂养试验,其中对膳食蛋白质质量进行了仔细测量。研究结果表明,仅靠蛋白质质量评分并不能可靠地预测这些儿童的体重增加或恢复情况,而摄入牛奶蛋白质比摄入植物性蛋白质有明显优势。
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引用次数: 0
Association between tea consumption and stroke in the American adult females: analyses of NHANES 2011-2018 data. 美国成年女性饮茶与中风之间的关系:NHANES 2011-2018 年数据分析。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1452137
Yongyue Miao, Sijia Ma, Xian Wu

Background: Epidemiological surveys show that there is a significant gender difference in the incidence of stroke, with females having a noticeably higher rate than males. Accordingly, it is crucial to seek preventive measures for stroke specifically targeted at females. Although previous studies have shown that tea has been proven to be negatively correlated with stroke, the relationship between tea and stroke in American adult females is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between tea consumption and the occurrence of stroke in American adult females.

Methods: The data analyzed is derived from the NHANES database between 2011 and 2018. The quantity of tea consumed was gathered from a 24-h dietary review. Stroke was identified by using questionnaire. The association between tea consumption and stroke was investigated using a weighted regression model. Then we used interaction testing and subgroup analysis to conduct a thorough analysis. Simultaneously, the association between the sugar content in tea and stroke was examined.

Results: This study included 5731 adult females aged between 20 and 60 years. Compared to those who did not consume tea, the likelihood of stroke decreased by 9% for each additional 100 g of tea ingested by participants (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.83-1.00). In the unadjusted model, those who drank 307.5-480 g of tea per day had a substantially decreased risk of stroke than those who did not drink tea (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.08-0.64). After adjustment, this relationship also persisted (Model II: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.64; Model III: OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.66). In both Model II and Model III, there was a statistically significant relationship between consuming 480-744 g of tea per day and the risk of stroke (Model II: OR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.16-0.94; Model III: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.98). Subgroup analysis revealed an interaction only with level of education (P = 0.031). Ultimately, we also demonstrated that people who drink sugar free tea have a lower risk of stroke, and even after adjusting for mixed factors.

Conclusion: This study suggested that proper tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of stroke in adult females, which recommended drinking sugar free tea.

背景:流行病学调查显示,中风发病率存在明显的性别差异,女性明显高于男性。因此,寻求专门针对女性的中风预防措施至关重要。虽然以往的研究表明茶与中风呈负相关,但美国成年女性饮茶与中风之间的关系仍不清楚。因此,我们旨在调查美国成年女性饮茶与中风发生之间的关系:分析数据来自 2011 年至 2018 年的 NHANES 数据库。方法:分析数据来自 2011 年至 2018 年的 NHANES 数据库。中风是通过问卷调查确定的。使用加权回归模型研究了饮茶量与脑卒中之间的关系。然后,我们使用交互检验和亚组分析进行了全面分析。同时,我们还研究了茶叶中的含糖量与中风之间的关系:这项研究包括 5731 名年龄在 20 岁至 60 岁之间的成年女性。与不喝茶的人相比,参与者每多摄入 100 克茶,中风的可能性就会降低 9%(OR = 0.91,95%CI:0.83-1.00)。在未经调整的模型中,与不饮茶的人相比,每天饮茶 307.5-480 克的人患中风的风险大大降低(OR = 0.23,95%CI:0.08-0.64)。经过调整后,这种关系仍然存在(模型 II:OR = 0.23,95% CI:0.08-0.64;模型 III:OR = 0.23,95% CI:0.08-0.66)。在模型 II 和模型 III 中,每天饮用 480-744 克茶与中风风险之间存在显著的统计学关系(模型 II:OR = 0.39,95% CI:0.08-0.66):OR=0.39,95%CI:0.16-0.94;模型 III:OR=0.42,95%CI:0.18-0.98)。亚组分析表明,只有教育程度会产生交互作用(P = 0.031)。最后,我们还证明,饮用无糖茶的人中风风险较低,即使在调整了混合因素后也是如此:这项研究表明,适当饮茶可降低成年女性的中风风险,因此建议饮用无糖茶。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Anti-inflammatory diet in autoimmune diseases. 社论:自身免疫性疾病中的抗炎饮食。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1497058
Ifigenia Kostoglou-Athanassiou, Panagiotis Athanassiou
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引用次数: 0
Modulation of gut microbiome in response to the combination of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and sugars: a pilot study using host-free system reflecting impact on interpersonal microbiome. 大肠杆菌 Nissle 1917 与糖的结合对肠道微生物群的调节:一项使用无宿主系统的试验研究,反映了对人际微生物群的影响。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1452784
Kiran Heer, Manpreet Kaur, Dwinder Sidhu, Priyankar Dey, Saumya Raychaudhuri

Introduction: The differential effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic formulations on human health are dictated by the inter-individual gut microbial profile. The effects of probiotics such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN) on gut microbiota may vary according to the microbiome profiles of individuals and may be influenced by the presence of certain carbohydrates, which can impact microbial community structure and treatment results.

Method: Processed fecal samples from donors having contrasting lifestyles, dietary patterns, and disease histories were mixed with 5 × 106 CFU/mL ECN with or without 1% (w/v) sugars (glucose, galactose, or rice starch) in a host-free system. Post-incubation, 16 s rRNA sequencing was performed. Microbial diversity and taxonomic abundance were computed in relation to the probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatment effects and interpersonal microbiome variance.

Result: Baseline gut microbial profiles showed significant inter-individual variations. ECN treatment alone had a limited impact on the inter-personal gut microbial diversity and abundance. Prebiotics caused a substantial enrichment in Actinobacteria, but there were differences in the responses at the order and genus levels, with enrichment shown in Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Megasphaera. Subject B exhibited enrichment in Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, but subject A showed more diversified taxonomic alterations as a consequence of the synbiotic treatments. Despite negligible difference in the α-diversity, probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments independently resulted in distinct segregation in microbial communities at the β-diversity level. The core microbiota was altered only under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment. Significant correlations primarily for minor phyla were identified under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment.

Conclusion: The interindividual microbiome composition strongly influences the effectiveness of personalized diet and treatment plans. The responsiveness to dietary strategies varies according to individual microbiome profiles influenced by health, diet, and lifestyle. Therefore, tailored approaches that consider individual microbiome compositions are crucial for maximizing gut health and treatment results.

导言:益生菌、益生菌和合成益生菌配方对人体健康的不同影响取决于个体间的肠道微生物特征。益生菌(如大肠埃希氏菌 Nissle 1917(ECN))对肠道微生物群的影响可能因个体的微生物群特征而异,也可能受某些碳水化合物的影响,从而影响微生物群落结构和治疗效果:方法:在无宿主系统中,将具有不同生活方式、饮食模式和疾病史的供体的粪便样本与 5 × 106 CFU/mL ECN(含或不含 1%(w/v)糖类(葡萄糖、半乳糖或大米淀粉))混合。培养后,进行 16 s rRNA 测序。计算微生物多样性和分类丰度与益生菌、益生元和合成益生元处理效果以及人际微生物组变异的关系:结果:基线肠道微生物图谱显示出显著的个体间差异。单独使用 ECN 对个体间肠道微生物多样性和丰度的影响有限。益生元使放线菌大量富集,但在菌目和菌属水平上的反应存在差异,双歧杆菌、柯林斯菌和 Megasphaera 出现富集。受试者 B 表现出对变形菌和蓝细菌的富集,但受试者 A 在合成生物处理后表现出更多样化的分类改变。尽管α-多样性的差异微乎其微,但益生菌、益生菌和合成益生菌处理在β-多样性水平上分别导致了不同的微生物群落分离。只有益生菌和合成益生菌处理才改变了核心微生物群。在益生菌和合成益生菌处理过程中,发现了主要针对小系统的显著相关性:结论:个体间微生物组的组成对个性化饮食和治疗方案的效果有很大影响。受健康、饮食和生活方式影响的个体微生物组特征不同,对饮食策略的反应也不同。因此,考虑个体微生物组组成的定制方法对于最大限度地提高肠道健康和治疗效果至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Development and evaluation of a web-based diet quality screener for vegans (VEGANScreener): a cross-sectional, observational, multicenter, clinical study. 开发和评估基于网络的素食者饮食质量筛选器(VEGANScreener):一项横断面、观察性、多中心临床研究。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1438740
Tooba Asif, Anna Ouřadová, Ainara Martínez Tabar, Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Sandra Müller, Joelina Dietrich, Vanessa Keller, Marina Heniková, Eliška Selinger, Isabelle Herter-Aeberli, Maria Wakolbinger, Willem De Keyzer, Wendy Van Lippevelde, Monika Cahová, Leonie H Bogl, Marek Kuzma, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Stefaan De Henauw, Markus Keller, Selma Kronsteiner-Gicevic, Eva Schernhammer, Jan Gojda

Consumption of plant-based diets, including vegan diets, necessitates attention to the quality of the diet for the prevention and early detection of nutritional deficiencies. Within the VEGANScreener project, a unique brief screening tool for the assessment and monitoring of diet quality among vegans in Europe was developed. To provide a standardized tool for public use, a clinical study will be conducted to evaluate the VEGANScreener against a reference dietary assessment method and nutritional biomarkers. An observational study is set to include 600 participants across five European sites - Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland. In total, 400 self-reported vegans (≥2 years on a vegan diet), and 170 self-reported omnivore controls will be examined, aged between 18 and 65 years, with males and females being equally represented in a 1:1 ratio for two age groups (18-35 and 36-65 years). Participants with diseases affecting metabolism and intestinal integrity will be excluded. The clinical assessment will include a structured medical history, along with taking blood pressure and anthropometric measurements. Blood and urine will be sampled and analyzed for a set of dietary biomarkers. Metabolomic analyses will be conducted to explore potential novel biomarkers of vegan diet. Moreover, saliva samples will be collected to assess the metabolome and the microbiome. Participants will receive instructions to complete a nonconsecutive 4-day diet record, along with the VEGANScreener, a socio-demographic survey, a well-being survey, and a FFQ. To evaluate reproducibility, the VEGANScreener will be administered twice over a three-weeks period. Among vegans, the construct validity and criterion validity of the VEGANScreener will be analyzed through associations of the score with nutrient and food group intakes, diet quality scores assessed from the 4-day diet records, and associations with the dietary biomarkers. Secondary outcomes will include analysis of dietary data, metabolomics, and microbiomes in all participants. Major nutrient sources and variations will be assessed in the sample. Exploratory metabolomic analysis will be performed using multivariable statistics and regression analysis to identify novel biomarkers. Standard statistical models will be implemented for cross-sectional comparisons of geographical groups and vegans versus omnivores.

食用植物膳食(包括素食)需要关注膳食质量,以预防和及早发现营养缺乏症。在 VEGANScreener 项目中,开发了一种独特的简易筛查工具,用于评估和监测欧洲素食者的饮食质量。为了提供一个供公众使用的标准化工具,将开展一项临床研究,对照参考膳食评估方法和营养生物标志物对 VEGANScreener 进行评估。一项观察性研究将包括比利时、捷克共和国、德国、西班牙和瑞士这五个欧洲国家的 600 名参与者。总共将有 400 名自我报告的素食者(素食时间≥2 年)和 170 名自我报告的杂食对照者接受检查,他们的年龄在 18 岁到 65 岁之间,男性和女性在两个年龄组(18-35 岁和 36-65 岁)中的比例为 1:1。患有影响新陈代谢和肠道完整性疾病的参与者将被排除在外。临床评估包括结构化病史、血压和人体测量。将对血液和尿液进行采样,并分析一组膳食生物标志物。还将进行代谢组学分析,以探索素食饮食的潜在新型生物标志物。此外,还将收集唾液样本以评估代谢组和微生物组。参与者将接受指导,完成非连续的 4 天饮食记录,以及 VEGANScreener、社会人口调查、幸福感调查和 FFQ。为了评估可重复性,VEGANScreener 将在三周内进行两次。将通过 VEGANScreener 分值与营养素和食物类别摄入量、4 天饮食记录评估的饮食质量分数以及饮食生物标志物之间的关联,分析素食者 VEGANScreener 的构建有效性和标准有效性。次要结果将包括对所有参与者的膳食数据、代谢组学和微生物组的分析。将对样本中的主要营养素来源和变化进行评估。将使用多变量统计和回归分析进行探索性代谢组学分析,以确定新的生物标志物。还将采用标准统计模型,对地域组和素食者与杂食者进行横截面比较。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on starch characteristics and quality of rice with different nitrogen efficiency. 施氮和施磷对不同氮效率水稻淀粉特性和品质的影响
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1462689
Guotao Yang, Qin Wang, Guohao Zhang, Chunyan Jiang, Peng Ma, Yungao Hu

Introduction: The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers is an important factors affecting the quality of rice, and different nitrogen-efficient rice varieties show significant differences in their response to nitrogen and phosphorus application.

Methods: In this experiment, a low-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Deyou 4727) and a high-nitrogen-high efficiency variety (Jingyou 781) were selected, and the changes in rice quality and differences in starch structure under nitrogen-phosphorus interaction treatments were determined.

Results: Appearance, flavor, starch content and thermodynamic properties, endosperm cell arrangement, and starch granule morphology and size were significantly influenced by variety, nitrogen-phosphorus interactions, and their interaction effects. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quality was greater than that of phosphorus fertilizer. The whiteness and chalkiness rates of Deyou 4727 first decreased and then increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, wheras the appearance quality of Jingyou 781 increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. Starch crystallinity in Deyou 4727 first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application, whereas starch crystallinity in Jingyou 781 increased continuously with increasing nitrogen fertilizer application. The application of phosphorus fertilizer led to an increase in starch crystallinity in both nitrogen-efficient rice varieties, consistent with the response of different rice varieties to nitrogen and phosphorus in terms of appearance and chalkiness. With the increasing application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, the differences in the physicochemical properties and structure of starch became more significant.

Discussion: High-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can significantly improve appearance quality under high nitrogen conditions, and the interactions of medium-high nitrogen and low-medium phosphorus can lead to a significant decrease in starch thermal parameters and retention rate, thus improving rice cooking quality. Low-nitrogen-efficient rice varieties can also improve the quality of rice under low-medium-nitrogen conditions with appropriate application of phosphorus fertilizer.

引言氮、磷肥的施用是影响水稻品质的重要因素,不同氮高效水稻品种对氮、磷肥施用的反应存在显著差异:方法:本试验选择了低氮高效品种(德优 4727)和高氮高效品种(京优 781),测定了氮磷交互作用处理下稻米品质的变化和淀粉结构的差异:结果:外观、风味、淀粉含量和热力学性质、胚乳细胞排列、淀粉颗粒形态和大小受品种、氮磷交互作用及其交互作用效应的显著影响。氮肥对品质的影响大于磷肥。随着氮肥施用量的增加,德优 4727 的白度和粉化率先下降后上升,而京优 781 的外观品质则随着氮肥施用量的增加而上升。德优 4727 的淀粉结晶度随着氮肥施用量的增加先增加后减少,而京优 781 的淀粉结晶度随着氮肥施用量的增加持续增加。施用磷肥会导致这两个节氮水稻品种的淀粉结晶度增加,这与不同水稻品种在外观和垩度方面对氮和磷的反应一致。随着氮肥和磷肥施用量的增加,淀粉理化性质和结构的差异变得更加显著:高氮高效水稻品种在高氮条件下能显著改善外观品质,中高氮和低中磷的交互作用能使淀粉热参数和保留率显著降低,从而改善稻米蒸煮品质。低氮高效水稻品种在适当施用磷肥的情况下,也能改善中低氮条件下的稻米品质。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of a novel prognostic prediction system based on GLIM-defined malnutrition for colorectal cancer patients post-radical surgery. 基于 GLIM 定义的结直肠癌患者根治术后营养不良的新型预后预测系统的开发与验证。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1425317
Xialin Yan, Junchang Zhu, Junqi Wang, Yingjie Lu, Xingzhao Ye, Xiangwei Sun, Haojie Jiang, Zongze Li, Chenhao He, Wenbo Zhai, Qiantong Dong, Weizhe Chen, Zhen Yu, Yifei Pan, Dongdong Huang

Background: Malnutrition often occurs in patients with colorectal cancer. This study aims to develop a predictive model based on GLIM criteria for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery.

Methods: From December 2015 to May 2021, patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery at our center were recruited for this study. We prospectively collected data on GLIM-defined malnutrition and other clinicopathological characteristics. Using Cox regeneration, we developed a novel nomogram for prognostic prediction, which was validated and compared to traditional nutritional factors for predictive accuracy.

Results: Among the 983 patients enrolled in this study, malnutrition was identified in 233 (23.70%) patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that GLIM-defined malnutrition is the independent risk factor for overall survival (HR = 1.793, 95% CI = 1.390-2.313 for moderate malnutrition and HR = 3.485, 95% CI = 2.087-5.818 for severe malnutrition). The novel nomogram based on the GLIM criteria demonstrated a better performance than existing criteria, with AUC of 0.729, 0.703, and 0.683 for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS, respectively, in the validation cohort. In addition, the risk score determined by this system exhibited significantly poorer short-term and long-term clinical outcomes in high-risk groups in both malnourished and well-nourished patients.

Conclusion: Combining handgrip strength, serum albumin level, and TNM stage would help improve the predictive effect of GLIM criteria for colorectal cancer patients post-radical surgery and benefit the individual prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer.

背景:结直肠癌患者经常出现营养不良。本研究旨在根据 GLIM 标准,为接受根治性手术的结直肠癌患者建立一个预测模型:从 2015 年 12 月至 2021 年 5 月,本中心招募了接受根治术的结直肠癌患者参与本研究。我们前瞻性地收集了GLIM定义的营养不良和其他临床病理特征的数据。利用 Cox 回归法,我们开发了一种新的预后预测提名图,并对其进行了验证,同时将其与传统营养因素的预测准确性进行了比较:结果:在参与本研究的 983 例患者中,有 233 例(23.70%)患者被确定为营养不良。多变量分析表明,GLIM定义的营养不良是总生存率的独立风险因素(中度营养不良的HR=1.793,95% CI=1.390-2.313;重度营养不良的HR=3.485,95% CI=2.087-5.818)。与现有标准相比,基于 GLIM 标准的新型提名图显示出更好的性能,在验证队列中,1 年、3 年和 5 年 OS 的 AUC 分别为 0.729、0.703 和 0.683。此外,在营养不良和营养良好的高危人群中,该系统确定的风险评分显示出明显较差的短期和长期临床预后:结论:结合手握力、血清白蛋白水平和 TNM 分期有助于提高 GLIM 标准对根治术后结直肠癌患者的预测效果,并有利于结直肠癌的个体预后预测。
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引用次数: 0
Reinventing gut health: leveraging dietary bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of diseases. 重塑肠道健康:利用膳食生物活性化合物预防和治疗疾病。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1491821
Qiurong Wang, Hui Huang, Ying Yang, Xianglan Yang, Xuemei Li, Wei Zhong, Biao Wen, Feng He, Jun Li

The human gut harbors a complex and diverse microbiota essential for maintaining health. Diet is the most significant modifiable factor influencing gut microbiota composition and function, particularly through bioactive compounds like polyphenols, dietary fibers, and carotenoids found in vegetables, fruits, seafood, coffee, and green tea. These compounds regulate the gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing harmful ones, leading to the production of key microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, and tryptophan metabolites. These metabolites are crucial for gut homeostasis, influencing gut barrier function, immune responses, energy metabolism, anti-inflammatory processes, lipid digestion, and modulation of gut inflammation. This review outlines the regulatory impact of typical bioactive compounds on the gut microbiota and explores the connection between specific microbiota-derived metabolites and overall health. We discuss how dietary interventions can affect disease development and progression through mechanisms involving these metabolites. We examine the roles of bioactive compounds and their metabolites in the prevention and treatment of diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study provides new insights into disease prevention and underscores the potential of dietary modulation of the gut microbiota as a strategy for improving health.

人体肠道中蕴藏着复杂多样的微生物群,对维持健康至关重要。饮食是影响肠道微生物群组成和功能的最重要的可改变因素,特别是通过生物活性化合物,如蔬菜、水果、海产品、咖啡和绿茶中的多酚、膳食纤维和类胡萝卜素。这些化合物通过促进有益细菌和抑制有害细菌来调节肠道微生物群,从而产生关键的微生物群衍生代谢物,如短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸衍生物和色氨酸代谢物。这些代谢物对肠道平衡至关重要,影响着肠道屏障功能、免疫反应、能量代谢、抗炎过程、脂质消化以及肠道炎症的调节。本综述概述了典型生物活性化合物对肠道微生物群的调节作用,并探讨了特定微生物群衍生代谢物与整体健康之间的联系。我们将讨论饮食干预如何通过涉及这些代谢物的机制影响疾病的发生和发展。我们研究了生物活性化合物及其代谢物在预防和治疗炎症性肠病、结直肠癌、心血管疾病、肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病等疾病中的作用。这项研究为疾病预防提供了新的见解,并强调了通过饮食调节肠道微生物群作为改善健康策略的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Higher protein intake may benefit in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. 长期机械通气患者摄入较多蛋白质可能会有好处。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1449240
Chiung-Hsin Chang, Chun-Yu Lin, Yu-Lun Lo, Ting-Yu Lin, Chen-Yiu Hung, Meng-Heng Hsieh, Yueh-Fu Fang, Hung-Yu Huang, Shu-Min Lin, Horng-Chyuan Lin

Background: Patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is usually associated with muscle wasting and diaphragm weakness, resulting in high medical costs and mortality. Adequate energy and protein intake were beneficial in sarcopenia patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of protein intake in weaning parameters in patients with PMV.

Materials and methods: We enrolled patients with PMV (mechanical ventilation ≥6 h/day for ≥21 days) from a respiratory care center (RCC) of a tertiary medical center from December 2020 to October 2022, and classified them into weaning success and weaning failure groups. The patients' characteristics, nutrition records, weaning parameters and outcomes were analyzed.

Results: A total of 289 patients were included (mean age 73.5 years). Of the 289 patients, 149 were weaned successfully and 140 were not. The average protein intake was higher in the weaning success group than in the weaning failure group (1.22 ± 0.320 versus 0.99 ± 0.332 g/kg/day, p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the average calorie intake and whey protein intake between the two groups. RSBI <90 breaths/min/L (OR = 2.38, p = 0.045), serum albumin at 4th week ≥3 g/dL (OR = 2.89, p = 0.027), daily protein intake ≥1.01 g/kg/day (OR = 8.10, p < 0.001), PaO2/FiO2 (PF) ratio ≥ 300 (OR = 2.56, p = 0.027) were independent predictors for weaning from ventilator. Weak positive correlations were found between average protein intake with PF ratio (r = 0.1576, p = 0.0227) and PaO2 (r = 0.13359, p = 0.0497).

Conclusion: Daily protein intake had positively correlated with PF ratio and had independently benefit for weaning in patients with PMV.

背景:长期机械通气(PMV)患者通常伴有肌肉萎缩和膈肌无力,导致高昂的医疗费用和死亡率。充足的能量和蛋白质摄入对肌肉疏松症患者有益。我们旨在研究蛋白质摄入对 PMV 患者断奶参数的影响:我们从 2020 年 12 月至 2022 年 10 月在一家三级医疗中心的呼吸护理中心(RCC)招募了 PMV 患者(机械通气≥6 小时/天且≥21 天),并将其分为断奶成功组和断奶失败组。分析了患者的特征、营养记录、断奶参数和结果:结果:共纳入 289 例患者(平均年龄 73.5 岁)。在 289 例患者中,149 例成功断奶,140 例未成功断奶。断奶成功组的平均蛋白质摄入量高于断奶失败组(1.22 ± 0.320 对 0.99 ± 0.332 克/千克/天,P = 0.045),第 4 周血清白蛋白≥3 克/分升(OR = 2.89,p = 0.027)、每日蛋白质摄入量≥1.01 克/千克/天(OR = 8.10,p 2/FiO2(PF)比值≥300(OR = 2.56,p = 0.027)是呼吸机断奶的独立预测因素。平均蛋白质摄入量与 PF 比值(r = 0.1576,p = 0.0227)和 PaO2(r = 0.13359,p = 0.0497)呈弱正相关:结论:每日蛋白质摄入量与 PF 比率呈正相关,对 PMV 患者的断奶有独立益处。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum: Validity and agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in the estimation of fat mass in young adults. 更正:双能 X 射线吸收测定法、人体测量法和生物电阻抗法在估算青壮年脂肪量方面的有效性和一致性。
IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1488063
Malek Mecherques-Carini, Mario Albaladejo-Saura, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal, Nicolás Baglietto, Francisco Esparza-Ros

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421950.].

[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1421950]。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Nutrition
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