Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1505586
Jinlin Liu, Zhangyi Xia, Yinqing Zeng, Jing Xia, Peimin He
The Nanhui-east-tidal-flat (NETF), the largest marginal shoal in the Yangtze River of China, is significantly impacted by human activities. Prior research has not detected the presence of green macroalgae in the NETF, nor has it explored the effects of reclamation on the distribution of macroalgae. However, in 2021, a small-scale aggregated attached algal mats emerged in the NETF, potentially signaling the onset of a green tide and necessitating vigilant monitoring. Morphological and molecular biological identification analysis revealed that all collected green macroalgae were attributed to a single dominant species, Ulva prolifera, characterized by broad blades and prominent air bladders, colonizing various substrates. The attached U. prolifera exhibited continuous growth from March to May 2021, peaking at a wet weight of 373.6229 g/m² and a dry weight of 72.7904 g/m² on May 1, 2021, within the accessible sampling period. The rapid proliferation of the “opportunistic” Ulva was facilitated by high-level eutrophication and favorable environmental conditions. Furthermore, six potential germplasm sources of U. prolifera are summarized. The dominance of Ulva in the intertidal zone often indicates high eutrophication and deteriorating ecological conditions. With long-term reclamation and repeated ecological restoration projects, the intertidal vegetation is subjected to a vicious cycle of growth and destruction. Therefore, it is important to recognize that U. prolifera germplasm (macroalgae and micropropagules) will persist over the long term, and mudflats with monotonous and eutrophic habitats are highly likely to experience future large-scale algal blooms. Notably, a small-scale floating green tide was observed in the sea area near NETF in July 2023, and such concerns are not unfounded. This study conducts foundational scientific research on the attached green tide algae, a type of research that is relatively scarce in other marine areas. Most studies tend to initiate foundational research only after the outbreak of green tides, lacking early background data from the marine environment, thus rendering this study of significant reference value. Concurrently, this study emphasizes that field surveys remain an essential approach for conducting foundational scientific research on green tide algae in the NETF region, with the need to select appropriate research methods based on the occurrence and development of algal mats, as required by the situation. Importantly, this study reflects the stability of marine ecosystems as a prerequisite for modern ocean management and services, provides new perspectives on the occurrence and development of green tides, and highlights potential ecological risk factors that should be considered in the implementation of intertidal construction projects.
{"title":"Exploration and implication of green macroalgal proliferation in the Nanhui-east-tidal-flat: an investigation of post-reclamation mudflat wetlands","authors":"Jinlin Liu, Zhangyi Xia, Yinqing Zeng, Jing Xia, Peimin He","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1505586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1505586","url":null,"abstract":"The Nanhui-east-tidal-flat (NETF), the largest marginal shoal in the Yangtze River of China, is significantly impacted by human activities. Prior research has not detected the presence of green macroalgae in the NETF, nor has it explored the effects of reclamation on the distribution of macroalgae. However, in 2021, a small-scale aggregated attached algal mats emerged in the NETF, potentially signaling the onset of a green tide and necessitating vigilant monitoring. Morphological and molecular biological identification analysis revealed that all collected green macroalgae were attributed to a single dominant species, <jats:italic>Ulva prolifera</jats:italic>, characterized by broad blades and prominent air bladders, colonizing various substrates. The attached <jats:italic>U. prolifera</jats:italic> exhibited continuous growth from March to May 2021, peaking at a wet weight of 373.6229 g/m² and a dry weight of 72.7904 g/m² on May 1, 2021, within the accessible sampling period. The rapid proliferation of the “opportunistic” <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> was facilitated by high-level eutrophication and favorable environmental conditions. Furthermore, six potential germplasm sources of <jats:italic>U. prolifera</jats:italic> are summarized. The dominance of <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> in the intertidal zone often indicates high eutrophication and deteriorating ecological conditions. With long-term reclamation and repeated ecological restoration projects, the intertidal vegetation is subjected to a vicious cycle of growth and destruction. Therefore, it is important to recognize that <jats:italic>U. prolifera</jats:italic> germplasm (macroalgae and micropropagules) will persist over the long term, and mudflats with monotonous and eutrophic habitats are highly likely to experience future large-scale algal blooms. Notably, a small-scale floating green tide was observed in the sea area near NETF in July 2023, and such concerns are not unfounded. This study conducts foundational scientific research on the attached green tide algae, a type of research that is relatively scarce in other marine areas. Most studies tend to initiate foundational research only after the outbreak of green tides, lacking early background data from the marine environment, thus rendering this study of significant reference value. Concurrently, this study emphasizes that field surveys remain an essential approach for conducting foundational scientific research on green tide algae in the NETF region, with the need to select appropriate research methods based on the occurrence and development of algal mats, as required by the situation. Importantly, this study reflects the stability of marine ecosystems as a prerequisite for modern ocean management and services, provides new perspectives on the occurrence and development of green tides, and highlights potential ecological risk factors that should be considered in the implementation of intertidal construction projects.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"24 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1488376
Xin Du, Jing Sun, Huidong Ju, Zhen Xu, Xiaoli Tang, Xuedan Fang, Muhammad Saleem Chang
Parasites in mollusks are often neglected by humans, while some species were reported to be harmful to economic mollusks and caused production decrease. Metazoan parasites of mollusk studies from the China Seas started relatively later than other countries. To promote long-term studies on the distribution and diversity of metazoan parasites of mollusks from the China Seas, a comprehensive review has been carried out based on the available literature. The purpose of this study was to perform a critical review about the metazoan parasites associated with mollusks that are useful for the discovery of new metazoans. This publication summarizes information on metazoan parasites of Chinese mollusks from 1932 to 2024. The information is presented and contains 128 species of parasites, distributed among the higher taxa as follows: Turbellaria (2 species), Trematoda (34 species), Cestoda (1 species), Annelida (38 species), Arthropoda (48 species), Porifera (2 species), Cnidaria (1 species), and Mollusca (2 species). Many records of parasites not identified to the species level are also included. Collectively, this review provides a synopsis of the known metazoan parasites of mollusks from the China Seas, as well as presents the known relationship between metazoan parasites and the mollusks, which will broaden our knowledge on the metazoan parasites of mollusks. It is important as it highlights the lack of metazoan parasite studies done in the China Seas and the need for more parasite biodiversity work.
{"title":"Metazoan parasites associated with marine mollusks inhabiting the China Seas: a review","authors":"Xin Du, Jing Sun, Huidong Ju, Zhen Xu, Xiaoli Tang, Xuedan Fang, Muhammad Saleem Chang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1488376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1488376","url":null,"abstract":"Parasites in mollusks are often neglected by humans, while some species were reported to be harmful to economic mollusks and caused production decrease. Metazoan parasites of mollusk studies from the China Seas started relatively later than other countries. To promote long-term studies on the distribution and diversity of metazoan parasites of mollusks from the China Seas, a comprehensive review has been carried out based on the available literature. The purpose of this study was to perform a critical review about the metazoan parasites associated with mollusks that are useful for the discovery of new metazoans. This publication summarizes information on metazoan parasites of Chinese mollusks from 1932 to 2024. The information is presented and contains 128 species of parasites, distributed among the higher taxa as follows: Turbellaria (2 species), Trematoda (34 species), Cestoda (1 species), Annelida (38 species), Arthropoda (48 species), Porifera (2 species), Cnidaria (1 species), and Mollusca (2 species). Many records of parasites not identified to the species level are also included. Collectively, this review provides a synopsis of the known metazoan parasites of mollusks from the China Seas, as well as presents the known relationship between metazoan parasites and the mollusks, which will broaden our knowledge on the metazoan parasites of mollusks. It is important as it highlights the lack of metazoan parasite studies done in the China Seas and the need for more parasite biodiversity work.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1509743
Lei Hao, Xinting Xu, Yan Zhou, Dan Liu, Jianqiang Shao, Jiayong Pan, Guangxi He, Zhongjun Hu, Qigen Liu
Monitoring zooplankton diversity and community dynamics is essential for understanding ecological processes within freshwater ecosystems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has been increasingly employed in this field due to its efficiency and accuracy. However, its potential applications in freshwater ecosystems require further validation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 18S rRNA and COI primers for freshwater zooplankton diversity monitoring and systematically compared the selected primers with the microscopy method in Qiandao Lake, China. Our results indicated that the COI primer marker (mlCOIintF/jgHCO2198) was more suitable for freshwater zooplankton diversity monitoring than 18S rRNA. The eDNA method identified a total of 102 species, whereas the microscopy method detected 111 species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and nonparametric multivariate statistical tests revealed that both abundance and biomass species compositions determined by microscopy differed significantly from those based on eDNA reads. Both methods detected significant seasonal changes in zooplankton community species composition, while eDNA provided a comprehensive view of the complex interactions within the community. Both methods indicate that rotifers are the primary group driving seasonal changes in the zooplankton community. The eDNA identified more environmental factors associated with seasonal changes in zooplankton communities than microscopy, including dissolved oxygen (DO), nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP). The eDNA reads of rotifer and crustacean plankton increased linearly with their morphological abundance but not with biomass. Furthermore, combining morphological abundance and biomass as predictor variables for eDNA reads moderately enhanced the explanatory power compared to using them individually. Although eDNA cannot yet replace morphological methods, its efficiency and sensitivity make it a valuable complementary tool for zooplankton monitoring, with considerable potential for future applications.
{"title":"Diversity and seasonal variation of zooplankton community in a large deep-water reservoir of Eastern China using eDNA and morphological methods","authors":"Lei Hao, Xinting Xu, Yan Zhou, Dan Liu, Jianqiang Shao, Jiayong Pan, Guangxi He, Zhongjun Hu, Qigen Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1509743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1509743","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring zooplankton diversity and community dynamics is essential for understanding ecological processes within freshwater ecosystems. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has been increasingly employed in this field due to its efficiency and accuracy. However, its potential applications in freshwater ecosystems require further validation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 18S rRNA and COI primers for freshwater zooplankton diversity monitoring and systematically compared the selected primers with the microscopy method in Qiandao Lake, China. Our results indicated that the COI primer marker (mlCOIintF/jgHCO2198) was more suitable for freshwater zooplankton diversity monitoring than 18S rRNA. The eDNA method identified a total of 102 species, whereas the microscopy method detected 111 species. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis and nonparametric multivariate statistical tests revealed that both abundance and biomass species compositions determined by microscopy differed significantly from those based on eDNA reads. Both methods detected significant seasonal changes in zooplankton community species composition, while eDNA provided a comprehensive view of the complex interactions within the community. Both methods indicate that rotifers are the primary group driving seasonal changes in the zooplankton community. The eDNA identified more environmental factors associated with seasonal changes in zooplankton communities than microscopy, including dissolved oxygen (DO), nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU), ammonia nitrogen (NH<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>-N), and total phosphorus (TP). The eDNA reads of rotifer and crustacean plankton increased linearly with their morphological abundance but not with biomass. Furthermore, combining morphological abundance and biomass as predictor variables for eDNA reads moderately enhanced the explanatory power compared to using them individually. Although eDNA cannot yet replace morphological methods, its efficiency and sensitivity make it a valuable complementary tool for zooplankton monitoring, with considerable potential for future applications.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoals and troughs are the fundamental geomorphological units of estuarine systems. However, their definition and morphodynamic characteristics, influenced by the complex dynamic environment, remain a critical challenge. This work introduces a depth–area spatial function as a quantitative criterion for the definition of shoals and troughs, while simultaneously elucidating their geodynamic implications. The Lingdingyang Bay (LDB) of the Pearl River Estuary serves as a case study. From 1901 to 2018, the LDB consisted of the West Shoal, Middle Shoal, and East Shoal and the West Trough and East Trough. The threshold depth of the LDB shifted from −5.75 m in 1901 to −4.75 m between 1964 and 2018. The depth–area distribution curve of the LDB exhibits two dominant peak depths (approximately 0 m and −2 m) within the shoal stable state, which categorizes shallow areas into high, medium and low tidal flats. The shoal–trough area ratio in the LDB, relative to the threshold depths, increased from 1901 to 1998, followed by a decline between 2008 and 2018, and culminated in a restoration to the level seen in 1901 (65% shoals and 35% troughs). Regional variations in dominant forces influencing shoal formation and evolution were observed by the vertical classification of the shoal state. The West Shoal is river dominated, the East Shoal is tide dominated, and the Middle Shoal reflects an interaction between riverine inflows and tides. Stabilized curves observed between 2008 and 2018 indicate that this estuary is progressively achieving new equilibrium states. The depth–area spatial function is useful for identifying shoals and troughs within various estuaries, which also provides a geomorphological framework for understanding the estuarine evolution and sediment dynamics.
{"title":"The evolution and morphodynamic characteristics of shoals and troughs in Lingdingyang Bay of the Pearl River Estuary","authors":"Linxi Fu, Yuhang Zhong, Ping Zhang, Lixia Niu, Xiaohe Zhang, Jianliang Lin, Huayang Cai, Qingshu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1525805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1525805","url":null,"abstract":"Shoals and troughs are the fundamental geomorphological units of estuarine systems. However, their definition and morphodynamic characteristics, influenced by the complex dynamic environment, remain a critical challenge. This work introduces a depth–area spatial function as a quantitative criterion for the definition of shoals and troughs, while simultaneously elucidating their geodynamic implications. The Lingdingyang Bay (LDB) of the Pearl River Estuary serves as a case study. From 1901 to 2018, the LDB consisted of the West Shoal, Middle Shoal, and East Shoal and the West Trough and East Trough. The threshold depth of the LDB shifted from −5.75 m in 1901 to −4.75 m between 1964 and 2018. The depth–area distribution curve of the LDB exhibits two dominant peak depths (approximately 0 m and −2 m) within the shoal stable state, which categorizes shallow areas into high, medium and low tidal flats. The shoal–trough area ratio in the LDB, relative to the threshold depths, increased from 1901 to 1998, followed by a decline between 2008 and 2018, and culminated in a restoration to the level seen in 1901 (65% shoals and 35% troughs). Regional variations in dominant forces influencing shoal formation and evolution were observed by the vertical classification of the shoal state. The West Shoal is river dominated, the East Shoal is tide dominated, and the Middle Shoal reflects an interaction between riverine inflows and tides. Stabilized curves observed between 2008 and 2018 indicate that this estuary is progressively achieving new equilibrium states. The depth–area spatial function is useful for identifying shoals and troughs within various estuaries, which also provides a geomorphological framework for understanding the estuarine evolution and sediment dynamics.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1494563
Michel R. Claereboudt, Gerd Bruss
Larval connectivity relies on the ability of coral larvae to disperse into the environment following ocean currents. At short timescales, larval connectivity plays a key role in the resilience of coral reefs, as it determines their capacity to regain structure and function after major disturbances. At longer time scales, larval connectivity controls the distribution and, ultimately, the biogeography of species. We used a Lagrangian stochastic model to simulate the transport routes of coral larvae released from the major reef communities of the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. The model used surface currents from two independent global circulation models, and we simulated 120 scenarios, covering four years and three larval competency models. Additionally we determine mean flow fields and LCS structures based on 20 years of reanalysis data from a third model. Connectivity values—the proportion of larvae successfully transported from their natal reef to another reef—varied significantly across reefs and years due to mesoscale variability in ocean currents, yet both circulation models produced similar overall patterns of connectivity. The general flow of larvae was from northwest to southeast in the Gulf of Oman, and from southwest to northeast in the Arabian Sea. The exchange of larvae across Ras Al-Hadd between the coral communities of the Arabian Sea and those of the Gulf of Oman is very low. Local retention (self-seeding) was the most important larval source for most reefs (mean = 32.3% for spawning corals and 70.8% for brooding corals). All reefs received larvae from at least one other reef and several received larvae from as many as five other reefs. ANOVA indicated significant differences between brooding and spawning coral larvae, and between reefs. Differences between years depended on the reef or reproduction type. Some reefs (Daymaniyat Islands in the Gulf of Oman and Mirbat in the Arabian Sea) could be considered sources of larvae, as they proportionally produced more larvae that later settled successfully than the other reefs. The limited connectivity between the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea supports their biogeographic distinction based on species distribution.
{"title":"Short distances dominate connectivity patterns of coral communities in the North-West Arabian Sea","authors":"Michel R. Claereboudt, Gerd Bruss","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1494563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1494563","url":null,"abstract":"Larval connectivity relies on the ability of coral larvae to disperse into the environment following ocean currents. At short timescales, larval connectivity plays a key role in the resilience of coral reefs, as it determines their capacity to regain structure and function after major disturbances. At longer time scales, larval connectivity controls the distribution and, ultimately, the biogeography of species. We used a Lagrangian stochastic model to simulate the transport routes of coral larvae released from the major reef communities of the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman. The model used surface currents from two independent global circulation models, and we simulated 120 scenarios, covering four years and three larval competency models. Additionally we determine mean flow fields and LCS structures based on 20 years of reanalysis data from a third model. Connectivity values—the proportion of larvae successfully transported from their natal reef to another reef—varied significantly across reefs and years due to mesoscale variability in ocean currents, yet both circulation models produced similar overall patterns of connectivity. The general flow of larvae was from northwest to southeast in the Gulf of Oman, and from southwest to northeast in the Arabian Sea. The exchange of larvae across Ras Al-Hadd between the coral communities of the Arabian Sea and those of the Gulf of Oman is very low. Local retention (self-seeding) was the most important larval source for most reefs (mean = 32.3% for spawning corals and 70.8% for brooding corals). All reefs received larvae from at least one other reef and several received larvae from as many as five other reefs. ANOVA indicated significant differences between brooding and spawning coral larvae, and between reefs. Differences between years depended on the reef or reproduction type. Some reefs (Daymaniyat Islands in the Gulf of Oman and Mirbat in the Arabian Sea) could be considered sources of larvae, as they proportionally produced more larvae that later settled successfully than the other reefs. The limited connectivity between the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea supports their biogeographic distinction based on species distribution.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-24DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1497336
I-Hao Chen, Dimitra G. Georgopoulou, Lars O. E. Ebbesson, Dimitris Voskakis, Antonella Zanna Munthe-Kaas, Nikos Papandroulakis
IntoductionWith the expansion of the aquaculture industry, the need arises for scalable, reliable, and robust methods to assess fish behaviour in sea cages to guide operational management, which includes feeding optimisation and welfare assessments. Fish cage monitoring utilising either acoustic transmitters or underwater cameras is well-studied. However, the relationship between those two different measurement types seems to have not been explored, nor have they been evaluated together in one experimental site.MethodsIn our 1-month study, we compared the activity of 14 sentinel fish and the artificial intelligence (AI)-inferred speed of individuals from the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) sea cage population in three feeding trials. Comparisons include a maximum activity comparison using persistent peaks, fish behavioural pattern establishment and retention, and periodical behavioural patterns.ResultsOur results demonstrate that under certain circumstances, both technologies are interchangeable from the perspective of persistent peaks and periodicity, but complementary when it comes to behaviour analysis such as food anticipatory behaviour (FAB).DiscussionWe anticipate that our findings will stimulate advances where multiple sensor types are in use to achieve a more holistic understanding of fish behaviour in the aquaculture sector using underwater technologies.
{"title":"Acoustic tags versus camera—a case study on feeding behaviour of European seabass in sea cages","authors":"I-Hao Chen, Dimitra G. Georgopoulou, Lars O. E. Ebbesson, Dimitris Voskakis, Antonella Zanna Munthe-Kaas, Nikos Papandroulakis","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1497336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1497336","url":null,"abstract":"IntoductionWith the expansion of the aquaculture industry, the need arises for scalable, reliable, and robust methods to assess fish behaviour in sea cages to guide operational management, which includes feeding optimisation and welfare assessments. Fish cage monitoring utilising either acoustic transmitters or underwater cameras is well-studied. However, the relationship between those two different measurement types seems to have not been explored, nor have they been evaluated together in one experimental site.MethodsIn our 1-month study, we compared the activity of 14 sentinel fish and the artificial intelligence (AI)-inferred speed of individuals from the European seabass (<jats:italic>Dicentrarchus labrax</jats:italic>) sea cage population in three feeding trials. Comparisons include a maximum activity comparison using persistent peaks, fish behavioural pattern establishment and retention, and periodical behavioural patterns.ResultsOur results demonstrate that under certain circumstances, both technologies are interchangeable from the perspective of persistent peaks and periodicity, but complementary when it comes to behaviour analysis such as food anticipatory behaviour (FAB).DiscussionWe anticipate that our findings will stimulate advances where multiple sensor types are in use to achieve a more holistic understanding of fish behaviour in the aquaculture sector using underwater technologies.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may have significant impacts on human health and ecosystems. Airborne ARGs are reportedly widely distributed across inland cities, but little is known about their abundance in marine atmospheres. Here, we report observations of ambient ARGs during a cruise over the marginal seas of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and compare them with ARGs in the coastal atmosphere. We characterized the ARGs in terms of their abundance, occurrence, degradation, and risk in the marine and coastal atmospheres. Using Na+ and Ca2+ as indicators of marine and continental aerosol sources, respectively, we quantified the mutual transport of airborne ARGs. Our results revealed that the airborne ARG abundances and the number of ARG types increased concomitantly with the mass concentrations of particulate matter because of the accumulation effect, but the ratios of ARG abundance/particulate matter concentration gradually decreased. The inconsistent trend suggested that the reduction in airborne ARGs was greater than their increase with bacterial reproduction during their accumulation and transport in the atmosphere. In addition, the number of ARG types in marine aerosols was greater than that in coastal aerosols. However, the airborne ARG abundance in marine aerosols was greater than that in clean coastal aerosols but not in polluted coastal aerosols. Some ARG types detected in marine aerosols were significantly and positively correlated with wind speed and relative humidity, implying that they may be derived from marine emissions, whereas the other ARGs are likely derived from long-range continental transport. Sea-derived airborne ARGs serve as important sources in coastal aerosols, but their contributions decrease with increasing air pollution levels. Our findings highlight the complex role of marine aerosols as both potential sources and reservoirs of airborne ARGs and highlight the critical importance of investigating the transport dynamics and variation mechanism during the long-range transport of ARGs.
{"title":"Abundance, occurrence, and degradation of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in coastal and marine atmospheres","authors":"Shijie Jia, Xiaohong Yao, Jianhua Qi, Xiaohuan Liu, Huiwang Gao","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1491484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1491484","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) may have significant impacts on human health and ecosystems. Airborne ARGs are reportedly widely distributed across inland cities, but little is known about their abundance in marine atmospheres. Here, we report observations of ambient ARGs during a cruise over the marginal seas of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea and compare them with ARGs in the coastal atmosphere. We characterized the ARGs in terms of their abundance, occurrence, degradation, and risk in the marine and coastal atmospheres. Using Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> and Ca<jats:sup>2+</jats:sup> as indicators of marine and continental aerosol sources, respectively, we quantified the mutual transport of airborne ARGs. Our results revealed that the airborne ARG abundances and the number of ARG types increased concomitantly with the mass concentrations of particulate matter because of the accumulation effect, but the ratios of ARG abundance/particulate matter concentration gradually decreased. The inconsistent trend suggested that the reduction in airborne ARGs was greater than their increase with bacterial reproduction during their accumulation and transport in the atmosphere. In addition, the number of ARG types in marine aerosols was greater than that in coastal aerosols. However, the airborne ARG abundance in marine aerosols was greater than that in clean coastal aerosols but not in polluted coastal aerosols. Some ARG types detected in marine aerosols were significantly and positively correlated with wind speed and relative humidity, implying that they may be derived from marine emissions, whereas the other ARGs are likely derived from long-range continental transport. Sea-derived airborne ARGs serve as important sources in coastal aerosols, but their contributions decrease with increasing air pollution levels. Our findings highlight the complex role of marine aerosols as both potential sources and reservoirs of airborne ARGs and highlight the critical importance of investigating the transport dynamics and variation mechanism during the long-range transport of ARGs.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2024.1518249
Yingtao Zhou, Chenhui Jiang, Yuanshu Jiang, Yu Zhu, Yan Jin, Xian Wang, Xi Feng, Weibing Feng
Coastal zones are crucial for protecting land from marine disasters, but they are increasingly threatened by erosion caused by storms and rising sea levels. Urban coastal resilience engineering is a multidisciplinary practice that seeks to enhance disaster prevention capabilities and resilience along urban coastlines. This process requires a comprehensive assessment based on the current conditions and regional characteristics, followed by tailored planning and design strategies. Previous research has mainly focused on individual coastline types, utilizing observations or numerical models for analysis. However, it often lacks a comprehensive approach that integrates planning, design, and assessment. This paper proposes a project life cycle management method for resilient coastal zone engineering, including design and construction within a layout planning framework. The proposed scheme incorporates small-scale numerical simulations for the evaluation and employs high-precision remote sensing data collected over different construction periods to assess the coastline’s transformations during the process of construction. Additionally, a hierarchical evaluation index system was established using the analytic hierarchy process to assess project outcomes after completion. The Haidian River-Haikou Bay Coastal Resilience Project serves as a case study and this study thoroughly evaluates the project’s impact on the vitality and resilience of the coastal zones. This research provides valuable insights and practical guidance for future coastal resilience restoration efforts in diverse urban contexts.
{"title":"A whole process resilience management practice in coastal engineering","authors":"Yingtao Zhou, Chenhui Jiang, Yuanshu Jiang, Yu Zhu, Yan Jin, Xian Wang, Xi Feng, Weibing Feng","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1518249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1518249","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal zones are crucial for protecting land from marine disasters, but they are increasingly threatened by erosion caused by storms and rising sea levels. Urban coastal resilience engineering is a multidisciplinary practice that seeks to enhance disaster prevention capabilities and resilience along urban coastlines. This process requires a comprehensive assessment based on the current conditions and regional characteristics, followed by tailored planning and design strategies. Previous research has mainly focused on individual coastline types, utilizing observations or numerical models for analysis. However, it often lacks a comprehensive approach that integrates planning, design, and assessment. This paper proposes a project life cycle management method for resilient coastal zone engineering, including design and construction within a layout planning framework. The proposed scheme incorporates small-scale numerical simulations for the evaluation and employs high-precision remote sensing data collected over different construction periods to assess the coastline’s transformations during the process of construction. Additionally, a hierarchical evaluation index system was established using the analytic hierarchy process to assess project outcomes after completion. The Haidian River-Haikou Bay Coastal Resilience Project serves as a case study and this study thoroughly evaluates the project’s impact on the vitality and resilience of the coastal zones. This research provides valuable insights and practical guidance for future coastal resilience restoration efforts in diverse urban contexts.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is a commercially important marine species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Its population has significantly declined due to overfishing and environmental changes. Stock enhancement has been launched in response to wild populations decline. However, limited evidence is available to confirm the ecological effects after release. Empirically, if the hatchery-released individuals are well-adapted to the wild environment, they should show good or similar nutritional conditions as well as their wild counterparts. Therefore, nutritional analysis was essential and conducted in the present study, by using 146 S. schlegelii individuals in order to compare the differences among hatchery-reared (before-release), hatchery-released, and wild conspecifics (post-release) groups in consideration of different environments during a whole stock enhancement practice. Our results exhibited that hatchery-reared S. schlegelii exhibited significantly lower levels of crude protein and amino acid content than that of hatchery-released and wild ones (P < 0.05). Specifically, both the hatchery-released and wild S. schlegelii generally showed similar trends of nutrition profiling compared with their hatchery-reared counterparts, such as moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein, and amino acid profiles (P > 0.05), indicating homogeneity in their nutritional contents. Our research suggested that S. schlegelii exhibited extensive ecological plasticity, and the variations in nutrition of a population was mainly influenced by environmental factors rather than the origin. However, several differences in fatty acid composition between hatchery-released and wild S. schlegelii indicated that hatchery-released fish might not have fully adapt to the food supply in the wild. This study provided insights into promoting responsible stock enhancement of this species in the future.
{"title":"Seasonal variations and comparative nutritional composition of hatchery-reared, hatchery-released, and wild black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Liu Wang, Yunhai He, Xu Wei, Xinyan Liang, Ruonan Zhang, Qi Liu, Chenqi Wang, Jinfeng Chen, Meiyuan Li, Zhi Ma, Shaodong Qu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2024.1536508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1536508","url":null,"abstract":"The black rockfish (<jats:italic>Sebastes schlegelii</jats:italic>) is a commercially important marine species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Its population has significantly declined due to overfishing and environmental changes. Stock enhancement has been launched in response to wild populations decline. However, limited evidence is available to confirm the ecological effects after release. Empirically, if the hatchery-released individuals are well-adapted to the wild environment, they should show good or similar nutritional conditions as well as their wild counterparts. Therefore, nutritional analysis was essential and conducted in the present study, by using 146 <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> individuals in order to compare the differences among hatchery-reared (before-release), hatchery-released, and wild conspecifics (post-release) groups in consideration of different environments during a whole stock enhancement practice. Our results exhibited that hatchery-reared <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> exhibited significantly lower levels of crude protein and amino acid content than that of hatchery-released and wild ones (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Specifically, both the hatchery-released and wild <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> generally showed similar trends of nutrition profiling compared with their hatchery-reared counterparts, such as moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, crude protein, and amino acid profiles (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &gt; 0.05), indicating homogeneity in their nutritional contents. Our research suggested that <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> exhibited extensive ecological plasticity, and the variations in nutrition of a population was mainly influenced by environmental factors rather than the origin. However, several differences in fatty acid composition between hatchery-released and wild <jats:italic>S. schlegelii</jats:italic> indicated that hatchery-released fish might not have fully adapt to the food supply in the wild. This study provided insights into promoting responsible stock enhancement of this species in the future.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-23DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2025.1489202
Feihong Zeng, Lingling Xie, Mingming Li, Qiang Li, Simeng Liu
Variations in the underwater sound speed significantly influence sound propagation in the ocean, thereby impacting both underwater navigation systems and a substantial portion of marine organisms reliant on sound. This study utilizes cruise data from the Beibu Gulf during the summer and winter of 2023–2024 to explore the seasonal variations in temperature and salinity affecting the sound speed distribution and characteristics of sound propagation. Results indicate significant differences in the sound speed on either side of the 30-m isobath in the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced changes corresponding to seasonal temperature and salinity variations. In summer, the sound speed in the Beibu Gulf exhibits a north-high–south-low pattern. In areas shallower than 30 m, the sonocline is predominantly positive or absent, whereas, in deeper areas, it is mainly negative. During winter, there is a south-high–north-low pattern in sound speed across the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced sound speed extremes in areas shallower than 30 m. Sound propagation simulations based on the Beibu Gulf sound-speed field reveal that sounds at the 100-Hz frequency propagate significantly farther and cover larger areas in depths less than 30 m compared to deeper areas. In summer, this phenomenon is more pronounced than in winter due to the presence of positive sonoclines. The results have significant implications for target detection, underwater acoustic communication, and the protection of aquatic animals that rely on underwater sound for survival in the Beibu Gulf.
{"title":"Seasonal variation of underwater sound propagation in the Beibu Gulf","authors":"Feihong Zeng, Lingling Xie, Mingming Li, Qiang Li, Simeng Liu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1489202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1489202","url":null,"abstract":"Variations in the underwater sound speed significantly influence sound propagation in the ocean, thereby impacting both underwater navigation systems and a substantial portion of marine organisms reliant on sound. This study utilizes cruise data from the Beibu Gulf during the summer and winter of 2023–2024 to explore the seasonal variations in temperature and salinity affecting the sound speed distribution and characteristics of sound propagation. Results indicate significant differences in the sound speed on either side of the 30-m isobath in the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced changes corresponding to seasonal temperature and salinity variations. In summer, the sound speed in the Beibu Gulf exhibits a north-high–south-low pattern. In areas shallower than 30 m, the sonocline is predominantly positive or absent, whereas, in deeper areas, it is mainly negative. During winter, there is a south-high–north-low pattern in sound speed across the Beibu Gulf, with pronounced sound speed extremes in areas shallower than 30 m. Sound propagation simulations based on the Beibu Gulf sound-speed field reveal that sounds at the 100-Hz frequency propagate significantly farther and cover larger areas in depths less than 30 m compared to deeper areas. In summer, this phenomenon is more pronounced than in winter due to the presence of positive sonoclines. The results have significant implications for target detection, underwater acoustic communication, and the protection of aquatic animals that rely on underwater sound for survival in the Beibu Gulf.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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