Stephen J. Thomas, E. D. Moreira, N. Kitchin, J. Absalon, A. Gurtman, S. Lockhart, John L. Perez, G. P. Marc, F. Polack, C. Zerbini, R. Bailey, K. Swanson, Xia Xu, Satrajit Roychoudhury, K. Koury, S. Bouguermouh, W. Kalina, D. Cooper, R. Frenck, L. Hammitt, Ö. Türeci, H. Nell, A. Schaefer, S. Ünal, Qi Yang, P. Liberator, D. Tresnan, S. Mather, P. Dormitzer, U. Şahin, W. Gruber, K. Jansen
This is a summary of an article about part of a clinical study for the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, also called the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in September 2021. The part of the study described in the article began in July 2020 and is ongoing. This means that the final results may be different from the results included in this summary. The participants in this study received 2 injections of either the BNT162b2 vaccine or a placebo, 21 days apart. The placebo looked like the BNT162b2 vaccine but had no active vaccine in it. None of the trial participants or study teams knew who received vaccine or placebo. Most of the reactions to the injections were mild or moderate and lasted for a short period of time. The most common reactions were pain at the injection site, extreme tiredness (fatigue), and headache. These reactions usually happened in the first 7 days after receiving a vaccine dose. A small number of participants had severe reactions to the vaccine. Compared to participants who received the placebo, participants who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were much less likely to become ill if they were infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. The vaccine also had very good efficacy at preventing severe COVID-19. Participants in South Africa who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were less likely to become ill after infection with the beta variant of the virus compared to participants who received the placebo. The beta variant was very common in South Africa when the study was taking place. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04368728 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )
{"title":"Plain language summary of Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine safety in participants 16 years or older and protection against COVID-19 in participants 12 years or older","authors":"Stephen J. Thomas, E. D. Moreira, N. Kitchin, J. Absalon, A. Gurtman, S. Lockhart, John L. Perez, G. P. Marc, F. Polack, C. Zerbini, R. Bailey, K. Swanson, Xia Xu, Satrajit Roychoudhury, K. Koury, S. Bouguermouh, W. Kalina, D. Cooper, R. Frenck, L. Hammitt, Ö. Türeci, H. Nell, A. Schaefer, S. Ünal, Qi Yang, P. Liberator, D. Tresnan, S. Mather, P. Dormitzer, U. Şahin, W. Gruber, K. Jansen","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0142","url":null,"abstract":"This is a summary of an article about part of a clinical study for the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine, also called the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The article was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in September 2021. The part of the study described in the article began in July 2020 and is ongoing. This means that the final results may be different from the results included in this summary. The participants in this study received 2 injections of either the BNT162b2 vaccine or a placebo, 21 days apart. The placebo looked like the BNT162b2 vaccine but had no active vaccine in it. None of the trial participants or study teams knew who received vaccine or placebo. Most of the reactions to the injections were mild or moderate and lasted for a short period of time. The most common reactions were pain at the injection site, extreme tiredness (fatigue), and headache. These reactions usually happened in the first 7 days after receiving a vaccine dose. A small number of participants had severe reactions to the vaccine. Compared to participants who received the placebo, participants who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were much less likely to become ill if they were infected with the virus that causes COVID-19. The vaccine also had very good efficacy at preventing severe COVID-19. Participants in South Africa who received the BNT162b2 vaccine were less likely to become ill after infection with the beta variant of the virus compared to participants who received the placebo. The beta variant was very common in South Africa when the study was taking place. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04368728 ( ClinicalTrials.gov )","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46666841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Campos-Valdez, S. Feustel, H. Monroy-Ramírez, C. Barrientos-Salcedo, M. F. Ayón-Pérez, M. Ramos-Márquez, D. Fernández-Galindo, J. Silva-Gomez, Arturo Santos, J. Armendáriz-Borunda, L. Sánchez-Orozco
Aim: Assess the in vitro effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype H (HBV/H) with the small surface HBV protein (HBs) C107R mutation on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and the response to IFN-β-1a treatment. Methods: HBV/H wild-type and HBs C107R variant replicons were constructed and transfected into hepatic stellate cells and/or Huh7 that were later treated with IFN-β-1a. HBsAg, HBV-DNA, pgRNA, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression was analyzed. 3D HBs structure from wild-type and C107R were foreseen by AlphaFold protein predictor, and IFN-β-1a antiviral effect was evaluated. Results: C107R mutation did not impact viral replication, but HBsAg serologic detection was affected. Wild-type and C107R similarly modified gene expression and responded to IFN-β-1a. Conclusion: C107R disrupts the Cys107/Cys138 disulfide bond and impairs HBsAg detection. Independently of the mutation, there were changes in TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and a medium response to IFN-β-1a treatment compared with genotype A and C.
{"title":"Influence of C107R mutation from hepatitis B virus genotype H on in vitro hepatitis B surface antigen detection and IFN-β-1a treatment","authors":"M. Campos-Valdez, S. Feustel, H. Monroy-Ramírez, C. Barrientos-Salcedo, M. F. Ayón-Pérez, M. Ramos-Márquez, D. Fernández-Galindo, J. Silva-Gomez, Arturo Santos, J. Armendáriz-Borunda, L. Sánchez-Orozco","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2021-0347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2021-0347","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Assess the in vitro effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype H (HBV/H) with the small surface HBV protein (HBs) C107R mutation on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detection, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and the response to IFN-β-1a treatment. Methods: HBV/H wild-type and HBs C107R variant replicons were constructed and transfected into hepatic stellate cells and/or Huh7 that were later treated with IFN-β-1a. HBsAg, HBV-DNA, pgRNA, TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression was analyzed. 3D HBs structure from wild-type and C107R were foreseen by AlphaFold protein predictor, and IFN-β-1a antiviral effect was evaluated. Results: C107R mutation did not impact viral replication, but HBsAg serologic detection was affected. Wild-type and C107R similarly modified gene expression and responded to IFN-β-1a. Conclusion: C107R disrupts the Cys107/Cys138 disulfide bond and impairs HBsAg detection. Independently of the mutation, there were changes in TGFB1, CAT and IFNB1A expression, and a medium response to IFN-β-1a treatment compared with genotype A and C.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49217838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Jiang, Dongbo Wu, Qingmin Zeng, Cong Liu, E. Chen, L. Bai, H. Tang
Aim: USP18 is a type of IFN-stimulated gene, which is associated with virological responses to IFN therapy in HBV (hepatitis B virus). However, its detailed molecular mechanism needs to be explored. Materials & methods: With HBV replication cells and mouse models, the USP18 was overexpressed or inhibited, followed by treatment with IFN or Poly (I:C). The expressions of HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg and protein factors in the samples were detected. Results: Overexpression of USP18 attenuates anti-HBV effect of IFN in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting JAK-STAT pathway and reducing the expression of MX1 and OAS. While, the inhibition of USP18 can promote to activate JAK-STAT pathway to enhance the antiviral effect of IFN. Conclusion: USP18 negatively regulates the anti-HBV effect of IFN by regulating JAK-STAT pathway. It may provide new insights into innate immunity mechanisms in CHB patients receiving IFN treatment.
{"title":"USP18 attenuates the anti-hepatitis B virus effect of IFN by down-regulating JAK-STAT pathway","authors":"Wei Jiang, Dongbo Wu, Qingmin Zeng, Cong Liu, E. Chen, L. Bai, H. Tang","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: USP18 is a type of IFN-stimulated gene, which is associated with virological responses to IFN therapy in HBV (hepatitis B virus). However, its detailed molecular mechanism needs to be explored. Materials & methods: With HBV replication cells and mouse models, the USP18 was overexpressed or inhibited, followed by treatment with IFN or Poly (I:C). The expressions of HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg and protein factors in the samples were detected. Results: Overexpression of USP18 attenuates anti-HBV effect of IFN in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting JAK-STAT pathway and reducing the expression of MX1 and OAS. While, the inhibition of USP18 can promote to activate JAK-STAT pathway to enhance the antiviral effect of IFN. Conclusion: USP18 negatively regulates the anti-HBV effect of IFN by regulating JAK-STAT pathway. It may provide new insights into innate immunity mechanisms in CHB patients receiving IFN treatment.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43419393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between ABO/Rhesus blood types and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in healthcare workers (HCWs). Materials & methods: This study compared HCWs with (n = 510) and without (n = 2318) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in HCWs were shown as odds ratios with 95% CI. Results: Blood group O was found to be protective by 20% from the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs (29.2 vs 33.8%; odds ratio: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.655-0.996; p = 0.045). The prevalence of group O was lower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (25 vs 29.5%; p = 0.614). Conclusion: These findings suggest that blood groups are associated with the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
背景:探讨ABO/恒河血型与医护人员SARS-CoV-2感染和住院风险的关系。材料与方法:本研究比较了(n = 510)和(n = 2318)未感染SARS-CoV-2的医护人员。HCWs中SARS-CoV-2感染和住院的危险因素显示为95% CI的优势比。结果:O型血对医护人员发生SARS-CoV-2感染的风险有20%的保护作用(29.2% vs 33.8%;优势比:0.808;95% ci: 0.655-0.996;p = 0.045)。O组在住院患者中的患病率低于门诊患者(25 vs 29.5%;p = 0.614)。结论:这些发现提示血型与SARS-CoV-2感染的发生有关。
{"title":"Blood types (ABO/Rhesus) and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective, cross-sectional study in 2828 healthcare workers.","authors":"Betul Copur, Serkan Surme, Ugurcan Sayili, Gulsah Tuncer, Melike Nur Ozcelik, Hulya Yilmaz-Ak, Muge Topal, Sumeyye Ustun-Al, Filiz Pehlivanoglu, Gonul Sengoz","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The authors aimed to investigate the relationship between ABO/Rhesus blood types and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in healthcare workers (HCWs). <b>Materials & methods:</b> This study compared HCWs with (n = 510) and without (n = 2318) SARS-CoV-2 infection. Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization in HCWs were shown as odds ratios with 95% CI. <b>Results:</b> Blood group O was found to be protective by 20% from the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCWs (29.2 vs 33.8%; odds ratio: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.655-0.996; p = 0.045). The prevalence of group O was lower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients (25 vs 29.5%; p = 0.614). <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings suggest that blood groups are associated with the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9586211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40650724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01Epub Date: 2022-10-22DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0056
Jale Moradi, Parnia Moradi, Amir H Alvandi, Ramin Abiri, Mohsen Moghoofei
Aim: SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging coronavirus that was discovered in China and rapidly spread throughout the world. The authors looked at nucleotide and amino acid variations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes, as well as phylogenetic and evolutionary events in viral genomes, in Iran. Materials & methods: All SARS-CoV-2 sequences that were publicly released between the start of the pandemic and 15 October 2021 were included. Results: The majority of mutations were found in vaccine target proteins, Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins, and nonstructural proteins. The majority of the viruses that circulated in the early stages of the pandemic belonged to the B.4 lineage. Conclusion: We discovered the prevalence of viral populations in Iran. As a result, tracking the virus's variation in Iran and comparing it with a variety of nearby neighborhoods may reveal a pattern for future variant introductions.
{"title":"Variation analysis of SARS-CoV-2 complete sequences from Iran.","authors":"Jale Moradi, Parnia Moradi, Amir H Alvandi, Ramin Abiri, Mohsen Moghoofei","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2021-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2021-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging coronavirus that was discovered in China and rapidly spread throughout the world. The authors looked at nucleotide and amino acid variations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes, as well as phylogenetic and evolutionary events in viral genomes, in Iran. <b>Materials & methods:</b> All SARS-CoV-2 sequences that were publicly released between the start of the pandemic and 15 October 2021 were included. <b>Results:</b> The majority of mutations were found in vaccine target proteins, Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins, and nonstructural proteins. The majority of the viruses that circulated in the early stages of the pandemic belonged to the B.4 lineage. <b>Conclusion:</b> We discovered the prevalence of viral populations in Iran. As a result, tracking the virus's variation in Iran and comparing it with a variety of nearby neighborhoods may reveal a pattern for future variant introductions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9594980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40437541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly contagious virus that cannot be completely cured currently. Existing treatment methods are mainly nucleoside antiviral drugs, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains severely limits their use. There is an urgent need to discover antiviral drugs that act on new targets. Ion channels, a class of cellular proteins with a wide range of functions, have become critical host factors for a wide variety of viral infections. Ion channel blockers have been shown to have antiviral activity. In this study, we discuss the role of ion channels and ions in the HSV life cycle, and the potential of targeting ion channels as a novel, pharmacologically safe and wide-range antiviral treatment option.
{"title":"Ion channels and ions as therapeutic targets and strategies for herpes simplex virus infection","authors":"Binhua Luo, Liqiong Ding","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly contagious virus that cannot be completely cured currently. Existing treatment methods are mainly nucleoside antiviral drugs, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains severely limits their use. There is an urgent need to discover antiviral drugs that act on new targets. Ion channels, a class of cellular proteins with a wide range of functions, have become critical host factors for a wide variety of viral infections. Ion channel blockers have been shown to have antiviral activity. In this study, we discuss the role of ion channels and ions in the HSV life cycle, and the potential of targeting ion channels as a novel, pharmacologically safe and wide-range antiviral treatment option.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43226247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary This is a summary of the results of 2 global clinical studies of the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19. The ENSEMBLE study looked at the effectiveness of a single injection of the vaccine. The separate ENSEMBLE2 study looked at the effectiveness of a booster dose of the vaccine given 2 months after the first dose. In both studies, people received either the vaccine or a placebo. Vaccine effectiveness was evaluated 14 and 28 days after vaccination to allow sufficient time for generation of an immune response. In ENSEMBLE, compared to the placebo, a single dose of the vaccine prevented: 56% of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 14 days after vaccination 53% of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 28 days after vaccination 75% of severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 28 days after vaccination 76% of people with COVID-19 from needing to be hospitalized for treatment 83% of COVID-19–related deaths The vaccine continued to work well for at least 6 months after a single vaccine injection. In ENSEMBLE2, compared to the placebo, a single dose of the vaccine followed by a booster dose 2 months later prevented: 75% of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 14 days after booster vaccination 100% of severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 14 days after booster vaccination In ENSEMBLE2, there were too few cases of COVID-19 to estimate vaccine effectiveness for preventing COVID-19–related deaths or hospitalization. ENSEMBLE2 was done during early 2021, when several COVID-19 vaccines became available by emergency use authorization. For ethical reasons, people could check whether they had received vaccine or placebo and decide whether they could be vaccinated outside of the study. This meant that the researchers could not look at the long-term effectiveness of the vaccine. In both studies, after receiving the vaccine, some people experienced pain at the injection site, headache, tiredness, muscle pain, and nausea. In most cases, these were mild and went away within a few days. Serious side effects were very rare. In ENSEMBLE, blood clots, seizures, hives, and ringing in the ears were more common in the people who got the vaccine than in those who got the placebo. These side effects were very rare. In ENSEMBLE2, bleeding, hives, and ringing in the ears were slightly more common in people who got the vaccine than those who got the placebo. In ENSEMBLE2, blood clots were more common in people who got the placebo. At the time of the study, it was not clear if these side effects were caused by the vaccine. The vaccine was effective at protecting against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 at 14 days after a single injection. Effectiveness was increased by a booster injection given 2 months after the first injection. You can find more detailed information and references in the original articles. Links to these articles can be found at the end of this sum
{"title":"A plain language summary of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and safety as a single dose and with a booster","authors":"F. Struyf, J. Sadoff, K. Hardt, M. Douoguih","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0105","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This is a summary of the results of 2 global clinical studies of the Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19. The ENSEMBLE study looked at the effectiveness of a single injection of the vaccine. The separate ENSEMBLE2 study looked at the effectiveness of a booster dose of the vaccine given 2 months after the first dose. In both studies, people received either the vaccine or a placebo. Vaccine effectiveness was evaluated 14 and 28 days after vaccination to allow sufficient time for generation of an immune response. In ENSEMBLE, compared to the placebo, a single dose of the vaccine prevented: 56% of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 14 days after vaccination 53% of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 28 days after vaccination 75% of severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 28 days after vaccination 76% of people with COVID-19 from needing to be hospitalized for treatment 83% of COVID-19–related deaths The vaccine continued to work well for at least 6 months after a single vaccine injection. In ENSEMBLE2, compared to the placebo, a single dose of the vaccine followed by a booster dose 2 months later prevented: 75% of moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 14 days after booster vaccination 100% of severe-critical COVID-19 cases occurring at least 14 days after booster vaccination In ENSEMBLE2, there were too few cases of COVID-19 to estimate vaccine effectiveness for preventing COVID-19–related deaths or hospitalization. ENSEMBLE2 was done during early 2021, when several COVID-19 vaccines became available by emergency use authorization. For ethical reasons, people could check whether they had received vaccine or placebo and decide whether they could be vaccinated outside of the study. This meant that the researchers could not look at the long-term effectiveness of the vaccine. In both studies, after receiving the vaccine, some people experienced pain at the injection site, headache, tiredness, muscle pain, and nausea. In most cases, these were mild and went away within a few days. Serious side effects were very rare. In ENSEMBLE, blood clots, seizures, hives, and ringing in the ears were more common in the people who got the vaccine than in those who got the placebo. These side effects were very rare. In ENSEMBLE2, bleeding, hives, and ringing in the ears were slightly more common in people who got the vaccine than those who got the placebo. In ENSEMBLE2, blood clots were more common in people who got the placebo. At the time of the study, it was not clear if these side effects were caused by the vaccine. The vaccine was effective at protecting against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19 at 14 days after a single injection. Effectiveness was increased by a booster injection given 2 months after the first injection. You can find more detailed information and references in the original articles. Links to these articles can be found at the end of this sum","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01Epub Date: 2022-09-16DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2022-0020
Patrice Dufour, Henry Paridaens, Jean-Marc Senterre, Jean-Marc Minon
Aim: The Belgium's strategy against COVID-19 was partly based on mass screening. Here, we reported the results observed in a Belgian mass screening center. Materials & methods: Between October 2020 and February 2021, 32,089 samples were collected analyzed with reverse-transcription PCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific kits and apparatus). Patients were categorized according to their contagiousness (extrapolated from the cycle threshold [Ct] values and the recommendation of Sciensano). Results: We observed association between Ct values and age, with higher Ct observed in extreme age groups (<6 years and >75 years). Conclusion: The analysis of the evolution of the contagiousness of these patients tested twice within a 7-day period showed the relevancy of the recommendation edited by Sciensano.
{"title":"Relevance of cycle threshold values in mass screening by reverse-transcription-PCR during COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium: a decision-making support?","authors":"Patrice Dufour, Henry Paridaens, Jean-Marc Senterre, Jean-Marc Minon","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> The Belgium's strategy against COVID-19 was partly based on mass screening. Here, we reported the results observed in a Belgian mass screening center. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Between October 2020 and February 2021, 32,089 samples were collected analyzed with reverse-transcription PCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific kits and apparatus). Patients were categorized according to their contagiousness (extrapolated from the cycle threshold [Ct] values and the recommendation of Sciensano). <b>Results:</b> We observed association between Ct values and age, with higher Ct observed in extreme age groups (<6 years and >75 years). <b>Conclusion:</b> The analysis of the evolution of the contagiousness of these patients tested twice within a 7-day period showed the relevancy of the recommendation edited by Sciensano.</p>","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9491372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40381552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01Epub Date: 2022-09-23DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0357
Ömer Kutlu, Selami Aykut Temiz
the common
{"title":"Similarity between cutaneous reactions due to SARS-CoV-2 and its vaccinations.","authors":"Ömer Kutlu, Selami Aykut Temiz","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2021-0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2021-0357","url":null,"abstract":"the common","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9512005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40384254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01Epub Date: 2022-09-26DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0212
Razieh Dowran, Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi, Talat Mokhtari Azad
As the cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection escalates, the essence of in-depth knowledge around acquired immunity and emergence of reinfection and reactivation have to be captured. While being a rare phenomenon, reinfection occurs as the result of diminishing protection conferred by antibodies, especially IgG. Reactivation is more concerned with the role of various elements including shedding lingering viral RNA for a prolonged time and incomplete resolution of infection along with the insight of dormant viral exosomes' role. The concept of testing positive after two consecutive negative results requires proper discrimination of reinfection from reactivation. In this review, we summarized the current evidence for possible mechanisms leading to viral reactivation or test re-positivity. We also pointed out risk factors associated with both reinfection and reactivation.
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