Aim: The present study aimed to determine a correlation between differential TRIM56 expression levels and severe infections of COVID-19 between the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants.
Materials & methods: This study was performed on 330 COVID-19 patients, including 142 with severe and 188 with mild infections, as well as 160 healthy controls. The levels of TRIM56 gene expression were determined using a qPCR.
Results: TRIM56 gene showed significantly lower mRNA expression in the severe and mild groups compared with healthy individuals. Our finding indicated the high and low reduction of TRIM56 mRNA expression in Delta and Omicron BA.5 variant, respectively.
Conclusion: Further research is needed to characterize the impact of TRIM proteins on the severity of COVID-19.
{"title":"Expression of <i>TRIM56</i> gene in SARS-CoV-2 variants and its relationship with progression of COVID-19.","authors":"Rezvan Tavakoli, Pooneh Rahimi, Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard, Sana Eybpoosh, Delaram Doroud, Iraj Ahmadi, Enayat Anvari, Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi, Abolfazl Fateh","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0210","DOIUrl":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study aimed to determine a correlation between differential <i>TRIM56</i> expression levels and severe infections of COVID-19 between the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.5 variants.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>This study was performed on 330 COVID-19 patients, including 142 with severe and 188 with mild infections, as well as 160 healthy controls. The levels of <i>TRIM56</i> gene expression were determined using a qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>TRIM56</i> gene showed significantly lower mRNA expression in the severe and mild groups compared with healthy individuals. Our finding indicated the high and low reduction of <i>TRIM56</i> mRNA expression in Delta and Omicron BA.5 variant, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further research is needed to characterize the impact of TRIM proteins on the severity of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":"1 1","pages":"563-574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10348059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phage treatment has again risen in popularity due to the rise of antibiotic resistance and the need for more reliable alternatives. Human approval of phage therapy has been delayed despite several promising investigations, so, in order to break into the clinical market, existing barriers must be eliminated, and new solutions must be developed. As such, nanotechnology has the potential to help phage formulations overcome their pharmacological drawbacks. The use of nanotechnology to improve phage therapy has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The key method for increasing phage stability and retention inside the body is encapsulation. New developments in phage therapy using nanotechnology are summarized in this paper.
{"title":"The role of nanotechnology in overcoming barriers to phage therapy: an overview","authors":"Mehrdad Mohammadi, Mehrisadat Mirabadi, Masoumeh Beig, Somaieh Nasereslami, Mina Yazdanmehr, Fatemeh Monfared","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0229","url":null,"abstract":"Phage treatment has again risen in popularity due to the rise of antibiotic resistance and the need for more reliable alternatives. Human approval of phage therapy has been delayed despite several promising investigations, so, in order to break into the clinical market, existing barriers must be eliminated, and new solutions must be developed. As such, nanotechnology has the potential to help phage formulations overcome their pharmacological drawbacks. The use of nanotechnology to improve phage therapy has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. The key method for increasing phage stability and retention inside the body is encapsulation. New developments in phage therapy using nanotechnology are summarized in this paper.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43807882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bader Y. Alhatlani, Waleed Aljabr, F. Alhamlan, A. Almatroudi, M. Azam, M. Alsaleem, K. Allemailem
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify host factors that interact with the 5′ end of the MERS-CoV RNA genome. Materials & methods: RNA affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the binding of host factors in Vero E6 cells. Results: A total of 59 host factors that bound the MERS-CoV RNA genome in non-infected Vero E6 cells were identified. Most of the identified cellular proteins were previously reported to interact with the genome of other RNA viruses. We validated our mass spectrometry results using western blotting. Conclusion: These data enhance our knowledge about the RNA–host interactions of coronaviruses, which could serve as targets for developing antiviral therapeutics against MERS-CoV.
{"title":"Identification of host factors that bind to the 5′ end of the MERS-CoV RNA genome","authors":"Bader Y. Alhatlani, Waleed Aljabr, F. Alhamlan, A. Almatroudi, M. Azam, M. Alsaleem, K. Allemailem","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study was to identify host factors that interact with the 5′ end of the MERS-CoV RNA genome. Materials & methods: RNA affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the binding of host factors in Vero E6 cells. Results: A total of 59 host factors that bound the MERS-CoV RNA genome in non-infected Vero E6 cells were identified. Most of the identified cellular proteins were previously reported to interact with the genome of other RNA viruses. We validated our mass spectrometry results using western blotting. Conclusion: These data enhance our knowledge about the RNA–host interactions of coronaviruses, which could serve as targets for developing antiviral therapeutics against MERS-CoV.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saeid Amiri Zadeh Fard, Haniyeh Abuei, A. Farhadi, Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi, F. Zare, Zahra Abbasfard, A. Behbahani
Aim: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly in infants and the elderly. Ribavirin is the only US FDA-approved antiviral drug for HRSV infection, but it has unwanted side effects. Methods: We engineered an shRNA targeting the HRSV- M gene to antagonize HRSV replication. Results: The results showed that shRNA had a similarly significant reduction in viral load (99.8%) as ribavirin. In addition, combined treatment with ribavirin and M-shRNA resulted in a significant reduction in viral load compared with ribavirin or M-shRNA alone. Conclusion: These results suggest that M-shRNA could be a potential new inhibitor of HRSV replication and could offer a safer and more effective treatment option for HRSV infection in the future.
{"title":"Short hairpin RNA-mediated matrix gene silencing of human respiratory syncytial virus as a potent antiviral strategy","authors":"Saeid Amiri Zadeh Fard, Haniyeh Abuei, A. Farhadi, Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi, F. Zare, Zahra Abbasfard, A. Behbahani","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0207","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, particularly in infants and the elderly. Ribavirin is the only US FDA-approved antiviral drug for HRSV infection, but it has unwanted side effects. Methods: We engineered an shRNA targeting the HRSV- M gene to antagonize HRSV replication. Results: The results showed that shRNA had a similarly significant reduction in viral load (99.8%) as ribavirin. In addition, combined treatment with ribavirin and M-shRNA resulted in a significant reduction in viral load compared with ribavirin or M-shRNA alone. Conclusion: These results suggest that M-shRNA could be a potential new inhibitor of HRSV replication and could offer a safer and more effective treatment option for HRSV infection in the future.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42059459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anti–adenoviral activity of stilbene derivatives from mulberry leaves. Materials & methods: The anti–adenoviral activity was tested against adenoviruses -3 and -7 on human airway epithelial cell models. Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH assay. Adenoviral DNA was quantified by qPCR. Results: All five tested stilbene derivatives from mulberry leaves exhibited anti–adenoviral activity, with Kuwanon X showing the highest inhibitory effect. Kuwanon X showed no apparent cytotoxicity for a wide range of concentrations. The mechanistic study revealed that Kuwanon X did not affect viral entry and nuclear translocation of the adenoviral genome but reduced viral DNA production. Conclusion: Stilbene derivatives like Kuwanon X from mulberry leaves are good candidates for antiviral treatment against AdV.
{"title":"Kuwanon X from mulberry leaves exhibits antiviral activity against human adenoviruses","authors":"Chi Li, Jikui Deng, Lifeng Qi","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anti–adenoviral activity of stilbene derivatives from mulberry leaves. Materials & methods: The anti–adenoviral activity was tested against adenoviruses -3 and -7 on human airway epithelial cell models. Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH assay. Adenoviral DNA was quantified by qPCR. Results: All five tested stilbene derivatives from mulberry leaves exhibited anti–adenoviral activity, with Kuwanon X showing the highest inhibitory effect. Kuwanon X showed no apparent cytotoxicity for a wide range of concentrations. The mechanistic study revealed that Kuwanon X did not affect viral entry and nuclear translocation of the adenoviral genome but reduced viral DNA production. Conclusion: Stilbene derivatives like Kuwanon X from mulberry leaves are good candidates for antiviral treatment against AdV.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrianne M Lima, A. Á. de Souza, Jackson L. Amaral, V. N. Freire, Pedro F N Souza, H. D. de Oliveira
Aim: To evaluate using bioinformatics tools the interactions between plant protease inhibitors (PIs) and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Materials & methods: This was an in silico study based on molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum biochemistry calculations. Results: The plant PIs pineapple cystatin and sesame cystatin interacted allosterically with Mpro, leading to significant structural alterations. These conformational changes lead to a reduction of the area and volume of the Mpro proteolytic site, likely affecting the protease activity and, consequently, reducing viral replication. Conclusion: This work highlights the therapeutic potential of plant PIs as candidates for future in vivo investigations into new therapeutics for COVID-19.
{"title":"Plant protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in silico approach","authors":"Adrianne M Lima, A. Á. de Souza, Jackson L. Amaral, V. N. Freire, Pedro F N Souza, H. D. de Oliveira","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0189","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate using bioinformatics tools the interactions between plant protease inhibitors (PIs) and SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Materials & methods: This was an in silico study based on molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum biochemistry calculations. Results: The plant PIs pineapple cystatin and sesame cystatin interacted allosterically with Mpro, leading to significant structural alterations. These conformational changes lead to a reduction of the area and volume of the Mpro proteolytic site, likely affecting the protease activity and, consequently, reducing viral replication. Conclusion: This work highlights the therapeutic potential of plant PIs as candidates for future in vivo investigations into new therapeutics for COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41614105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus with both latent and lytic states during its lifecycle. EBV employs a latency period as a strategy to avoid host immune surveillance and achieve lifelong persistent infection. However, the latent state may be interrupted and EBV may reactivate into a lytic replication cycle, exacerbating transmission and pathogenicity. The balance and transition between these two phases in the EBV lifecycle are complex, and reactive oxygen species play an important role. We reviewed the relationship between oxidative stress and lytic replication of EBV, and the role of oxidative stress in the development of EBV-related tumors. Further research is required to explore and develop tumor antioxidant therapy.
{"title":"Role of oxidative stress in the Epstein–Barr virus lifecycle and tumorigenicity","authors":"Zixiu Zhao, Wen Liu, B. Luo","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus with both latent and lytic states during its lifecycle. EBV employs a latency period as a strategy to avoid host immune surveillance and achieve lifelong persistent infection. However, the latent state may be interrupted and EBV may reactivate into a lytic replication cycle, exacerbating transmission and pathogenicity. The balance and transition between these two phases in the EBV lifecycle are complex, and reactive oxygen species play an important role. We reviewed the relationship between oxidative stress and lytic replication of EBV, and the role of oxidative stress in the development of EBV-related tumors. Further research is required to explore and develop tumor antioxidant therapy.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdo A Elfiky, Ahmed Amr, Amira Mosaad, Ahmed K Mubarak, Mohamed A Sayed, Kholoud K El-Halwany
Aim: To understand the binding of the dengue virus (DENV) envelope and the host cell factor, GRP78. Materials & methods: In this study, we simulate the binding of the DENV envelope against GRP78 using structural bioinformatics tools. Results: The sequence similarity of the DENV envelope C3–C30 and C302–C333 regions against the Pep42 cyclic peptide suggest these regions are possible recognition sites for GRP78. C3–C30 has a more similar grand average hydrophobicity index to that of Pep42 and a more negative binding affinity toward GRP78. Conclusion: We predict this region (C3–C30) of the DENV envelope to be the recognition site of GRP78. Further experimental validation will be important to future studies.
{"title":"Cs-GRP78 recognition site on dengue virus envelope protein: <i>in silico</i> perspective","authors":"Abdo A Elfiky, Ahmed Amr, Amira Mosaad, Ahmed K Mubarak, Mohamed A Sayed, Kholoud K El-Halwany","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0192","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To understand the binding of the dengue virus (DENV) envelope and the host cell factor, GRP78. Materials & methods: In this study, we simulate the binding of the DENV envelope against GRP78 using structural bioinformatics tools. Results: The sequence similarity of the DENV envelope C3–C30 and C302–C333 regions against the Pep42 cyclic peptide suggest these regions are possible recognition sites for GRP78. C3–C30 has a more similar grand average hydrophobicity index to that of Pep42 and a more negative binding affinity toward GRP78. Conclusion: We predict this region (C3–C30) of the DENV envelope to be the recognition site of GRP78. Further experimental validation will be important to future studies.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134992295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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