{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 and vaccination on the human immune system: cases of lymphopenia and autoimmunity","authors":"Joachim Gerlach, A. Baig","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43879156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ohata, A. Avihingsanon, Siwat Thammapiwan, W. M. Han, Akarin Hiransuthikul, Hay Mar Su Lwin, S. Ubolyam, Jedsadakorn Boonrungsirisap, S. Kerr, S. Gatechompol, T. Puthanakit, O. Putcharoen, K. Ruxrungtham, P. Phanuphak
The Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine has commenced on the 3rd Wednesday in January since 1998. The Symposium aims to provide professional healthcare workers in Thailand and the region an opportunity to receive the most up-to-date information on HIV and its related conditions if they are unable to attend other HIV conferences abroad. This year’s hybrid symposium was held from 18 January to 20 January 2023. A total of six plenary sessions were held in the mornings, and four afternoon workshops held on Wednesday and Thursday. Expert speakers from Thailand, China, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Hong Kong, Philippines, Australia, UK, The Netherlands and the USA participated in the symposium.
{"title":"Conference proceedings from hybrid 25th Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine","authors":"P. Ohata, A. Avihingsanon, Siwat Thammapiwan, W. M. Han, Akarin Hiransuthikul, Hay Mar Su Lwin, S. Ubolyam, Jedsadakorn Boonrungsirisap, S. Kerr, S. Gatechompol, T. Puthanakit, O. Putcharoen, K. Ruxrungtham, P. Phanuphak","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"The Bangkok International Symposium on HIV Medicine has commenced on the 3rd Wednesday in January since 1998. The Symposium aims to provide professional healthcare workers in Thailand and the region an opportunity to receive the most up-to-date information on HIV and its related conditions if they are unable to attend other HIV conferences abroad. This year’s hybrid symposium was held from 18 January to 20 January 2023. A total of six plenary sessions were held in the mornings, and four afternoon workshops held on Wednesday and Thursday. Expert speakers from Thailand, China, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Hong Kong, Philippines, Australia, UK, The Netherlands and the USA participated in the symposium.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43240772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanjit Boora, Anishkumar Khan, Vikrant Sharma, S. Kaushik, P. Mehta, S. Singh, S. Kaushik
Aim: Influenza A virus (IAV) causes serious illness and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. To diagnose IAV infection in its early stages, a quick, sensitive, precise detection method is needed for effective clinical management. Materials & methods: In-house hydroxylnaphthol blue (HNB)-based RT-LAMP assay for early detection of IAV using the HA gene was compared with RT-PCR/multiplex-RT-PCR. Results: For the reference strains of IAV, (H1N1 (A/Texas/50/2012) and H3N2 (A/Malaysia/2089302/2009)) RT-LAMP and RT-PCR/M-RT-PCR exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 and 100 fg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: HNB-based RT-LAMP is a rapid, sensitive, cost-effective diagnostic tool, and could be a point-of-care test for IAV patients during outbreaks.
{"title":"RT-LAMP is a potential future molecular diagnostic tool for influenza A virus","authors":"Sanjit Boora, Anishkumar Khan, Vikrant Sharma, S. Kaushik, P. Mehta, S. Singh, S. Kaushik","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0136","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Influenza A virus (IAV) causes serious illness and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. To diagnose IAV infection in its early stages, a quick, sensitive, precise detection method is needed for effective clinical management. Materials & methods: In-house hydroxylnaphthol blue (HNB)-based RT-LAMP assay for early detection of IAV using the HA gene was compared with RT-PCR/multiplex-RT-PCR. Results: For the reference strains of IAV, (H1N1 (A/Texas/50/2012) and H3N2 (A/Malaysia/2089302/2009)) RT-LAMP and RT-PCR/M-RT-PCR exhibited a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 and 100 fg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: HNB-based RT-LAMP is a rapid, sensitive, cost-effective diagnostic tool, and could be a point-of-care test for IAV patients during outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47896372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asra Malekshahi, A. Alamdary, Ali Safarzadeh, A. Khavandegar, H. R. Nikoo, Mahshid Safavi, Mobina Ajorloo, Atefeh Bahavar, Mehdi Ajorloo
The HCV Core protein is a multifunctional protein that interacts with many viral and cellular proteins. In addition to the encapsidation of the viral genome, it can disturb various cellular pathways and impede antiviral cellular responses such as interferon (IFN) production. The Core protein can also disrupt the functions of immune cells against HCV. The Core protein helps viral infection persistency by interfering with apoptosis. The Core+1 protein plays a significant role in inducing chronic HCV infection through diverse mechanisms. We review some of the mechanisms by which Core and Core+1 proteins facilitate HCV infection to chronic infection. These proteins could be considered for designing more sufficient treatments and effective vaccines against HCV.
{"title":"Potential roles of core and core+1 proteins during the chronic phase of hepatitis C virus infection","authors":"Asra Malekshahi, A. Alamdary, Ali Safarzadeh, A. Khavandegar, H. R. Nikoo, Mahshid Safavi, Mobina Ajorloo, Atefeh Bahavar, Mehdi Ajorloo","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0117","url":null,"abstract":"The HCV Core protein is a multifunctional protein that interacts with many viral and cellular proteins. In addition to the encapsidation of the viral genome, it can disturb various cellular pathways and impede antiviral cellular responses such as interferon (IFN) production. The Core protein can also disrupt the functions of immune cells against HCV. The Core protein helps viral infection persistency by interfering with apoptosis. The Core+1 protein plays a significant role in inducing chronic HCV infection through diverse mechanisms. We review some of the mechanisms by which Core and Core+1 proteins facilitate HCV infection to chronic infection. These proteins could be considered for designing more sufficient treatments and effective vaccines against HCV.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46569306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly contagious DNA virus that affects the majority of people worldwide. HSV establishes a latent infection in the ganglia, where it can reactivate, leading to recurrent disease. Currently, there are many experimental vaccines against HSV, but none have been used to treat herpes infections. At the same time, the therapeutic effect of existing anti-HSV drugs is limited. Nanocarriers, which deliver drugs to specific targets, have been used in different diseases, including viral infections. Nanocarriers could be designed to encapsulate drugs and directly target infected cells. This review will describe in detail the use of nanocarriers for targeted therapy of HSV infection.
{"title":"Nanocarrier-based drug delivery system in herpes simplex virus treatment","authors":"W. Yin, Liqiong Ding","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0171","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a highly contagious DNA virus that affects the majority of people worldwide. HSV establishes a latent infection in the ganglia, where it can reactivate, leading to recurrent disease. Currently, there are many experimental vaccines against HSV, but none have been used to treat herpes infections. At the same time, the therapeutic effect of existing anti-HSV drugs is limited. Nanocarriers, which deliver drugs to specific targets, have been used in different diseases, including viral infections. Nanocarriers could be designed to encapsulate drugs and directly target infected cells. This review will describe in detail the use of nanocarriers for targeted therapy of HSV infection.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42220984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epidemiological and clinical data of human rabies cases in the Dazu District of Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of human rabies cases in Chonqing, China. Nine cases were reported. All cases occurred in farmers from rural areas associated with lower rabies awareness, and eight cases had a definitive history of animal exposure, most commonly in the form of domestic dog bites. All nine patients presented as manic and died within 1–8 days from disease onset (mortality rate of 100%). Increased public awareness of rabies prevention and control is needed, especially among middle-aged and elderly populations in rural areas.
{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical features of human rabies in Dazu District, Chongqing, China from 2014 to 2021","authors":"Wan Shi-Gang, Liu He-Lei, Xia Hong, Wu Jing","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0149","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiological and clinical data of human rabies cases in the Dazu District of Chongqing from 2014 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of human rabies cases in Chonqing, China. Nine cases were reported. All cases occurred in farmers from rural areas associated with lower rabies awareness, and eight cases had a definitive history of animal exposure, most commonly in the form of domestic dog bites. All nine patients presented as manic and died within 1–8 days from disease onset (mortality rate of 100%). Increased public awareness of rabies prevention and control is needed, especially among middle-aged and elderly populations in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49236943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lasagna, A. Piralla, S. Borgetto, M. Quaccini, F. Baldanti, P. Pedrazzoli
Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current knowledge about the relationship between Torque teno virus (TTV) and cancer in different settings. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception to the end of January 2023. Results: 34 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this review and 2145 patients with solid tumors have been analyzed. The most prevalent cancer types were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung cancer. Conclusion: TTV has proven its role as a marker of functional immune competence in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but in the oncological field is yet to be defined.
{"title":"Torque teno virus and cancers: current knowledge","authors":"A. Lasagna, A. Piralla, S. Borgetto, M. Quaccini, F. Baldanti, P. Pedrazzoli","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current knowledge about the relationship between Torque teno virus (TTV) and cancer in different settings. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception to the end of January 2023. Results: 34 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this review and 2145 patients with solid tumors have been analyzed. The most prevalent cancer types were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung cancer. Conclusion: TTV has proven its role as a marker of functional immune competence in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but in the oncological field is yet to be defined.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43515061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Cytokine profile in occult HBV infection (OBI) was systematically investigated to identify the immunopathogenesis of OBI. Materials & methods: A total of 46 OBI, ten asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, ten chronic hepatitis B and 12 healthy blood donors were recruited. A total of 21 plasma cytokines were detected. Results: Compared with healthy blood donors, elevated plasma Th1, Th2, Th17 and immune regulatory associated cytokines were observed in OBI. Almost no significant difference was found for these cytokines among OBI, asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and chronic hepatitis B. OBI displayed the predominance of type 2 and regulatory immunity. Conclusion: OBI displayed the general cytokine profile of chronic HBV infection, which might contribute to virus persistence and the presence of the liver microinflammatory environment. The clinical implications of OBI deserve more attention.
{"title":"Plasma cytokine profile in occult HBV-infected blood donors","authors":"Qinghui Wang, Huizhong Qian, Xiao Liu, Jian Jiang, Qingqin Hao","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0193","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Cytokine profile in occult HBV infection (OBI) was systematically investigated to identify the immunopathogenesis of OBI. Materials & methods: A total of 46 OBI, ten asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, ten chronic hepatitis B and 12 healthy blood donors were recruited. A total of 21 plasma cytokines were detected. Results: Compared with healthy blood donors, elevated plasma Th1, Th2, Th17 and immune regulatory associated cytokines were observed in OBI. Almost no significant difference was found for these cytokines among OBI, asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers and chronic hepatitis B. OBI displayed the predominance of type 2 and regulatory immunity. Conclusion: OBI displayed the general cytokine profile of chronic HBV infection, which might contribute to virus persistence and the presence of the liver microinflammatory environment. The clinical implications of OBI deserve more attention.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48602181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To construct and rescue a recombinant Newcastle disease virus that can express IP10 protein and evaluate its targeted killing effect on liver cancer in vivo and in vitro. Materials & methods: Fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blot and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of IP10 in cells. The H22 mouse liver cancer cells were used to establish subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice experimental animal tumor models, and the tumor growth of mice in each group was observed while receiving treatment with rLasota. Results: The recombinant Newcastle disease virus was successfully constructed and can kill tumor cells successfully. Conclusion: The rLasota-IP10-IRES-EGFP achieves antitumor effects by killing hepatocellular carcinoma cells, enhancing T-lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissues and inhibiting neovascularization.
{"title":"Recombinant Newcastle disease virus kills liver cancer in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Ding Yang, Shunli Guo, Yisen Feng, Dandan Wu, Yapei Li, Zhouyangfan Peng, Sufang Zhou","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0183","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To construct and rescue a recombinant Newcastle disease virus that can express IP10 protein and evaluate its targeted killing effect on liver cancer in vivo and in vitro. Materials & methods: Fluorescence quantitative PCR, western blot and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of IP10 in cells. The H22 mouse liver cancer cells were used to establish subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice experimental animal tumor models, and the tumor growth of mice in each group was observed while receiving treatment with rLasota. Results: The recombinant Newcastle disease virus was successfully constructed and can kill tumor cells successfully. Conclusion: The rLasota-IP10-IRES-EGFP achieves antitumor effects by killing hepatocellular carcinoma cells, enhancing T-lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissues and inhibiting neovascularization.","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45217624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic patients are at particular risk of severe COVID-19. Human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a membrane-bound aminopeptidase that regulates insulin release by inactivating incretin. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are therefore used as oral anti-diabetic drugs to restore normal insulin levels. These molecules also have anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertension effects. Recent studies on the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and DPP-4 predict a possible entry route for SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, DPP-4is could be effective at reducing the virus-induced 'cytokine storm', thereby ceasing inflammatory injury to vital organs. Moreover, DPP-4is may interfere with viral entry into host cells. Herein, we have reviewed the efficacy of DPP-4is as potential repurposed drugs to reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes.
{"title":"DPP-4 Inhibitors as a savior for COVID-19 patients with diabetes.","authors":"Snehasish Nag, Samanwita Mandal, Oindrila Mukherjee, Suprabhat Mukherjee, Rakesh Kundu","doi":"10.2217/fvl-2022-0112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2022-0112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic patients are at particular risk of severe COVID-19. Human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a membrane-bound aminopeptidase that regulates insulin release by inactivating incretin. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are therefore used as oral anti-diabetic drugs to restore normal insulin levels. These molecules also have anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertension effects. Recent studies on the interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and DPP-4 predict a possible entry route for SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, DPP-4is could be effective at reducing the virus-induced 'cytokine storm', thereby ceasing inflammatory injury to vital organs. Moreover, DPP-4is may interfere with viral entry into host cells. Herein, we have reviewed the efficacy of DPP-4is as potential repurposed drugs to reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12505,"journal":{"name":"Future Virology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10096336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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