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An update on long-acting agents in HIV therapy HIV治疗中长效药物的最新进展
4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0097
Laura Pezzati, Giada Canavesi, Stefano Rusconi
Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, many efforts have been made to broaden the spectrum of possible regimens. Long-acting antiretrovirals, are particularly attractive, since they allow for less frequent dosing and can potentially overcome difficulties associated with daily tablet consumption, including the need for flexibility and privacy. In this article, we present a summary and update on currently available long-acting antiretrovirals and those under development and discuss issues related to their effective implementation.
自从高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法问世以来，人们作出了许多努力，以扩大可能的治疗方案的范围。长效抗逆转录病毒药物尤其具有吸引力，因为它们可以减少给药的频率，并有可能克服与每日服用片剂有关的困难，包括灵活性和隐私的需要。在本文中，我们总结和更新了目前可用的长效抗逆转录病毒药物和正在开发的抗逆转录病毒药物，并讨论了与有效实施相关的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Expression of miR-203 and its target genes in condyloma acuminatum and their relationships with clinical recurrence miR-203及其靶基因在尖锐湿疣组织中的表达及其与临床复发的关系
4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0086
Beilei He, Yangfan Wu, Qingyun Yang, Enyi Ye, Tingkai Xiang, Xinyi Wang, Lin Deng, Kune Lu, Jue Liu, Xiaohong Yu, Zhangyu Bu
Aim: To examine the expression of miR-203 and its target genes survivin and p63 in condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to determine their relationships with clinical recurrence. Methods: Case and control groups were assessed for general data and the expression levels of miR-203, survivin and p63. The case group received carbon dioxide laser treatment, had a 3-month follow-up period, and was then divided into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. The relevant data were analyzed using SPSS v. 25.0 software. Results: miR-203 was identified as an independent protective factor against the recurrence of CA, while wart number, survivin and p63 were independent risk factors for CA recurrence. Conclusion: miR-203 could be a specific clinical bioindicator for the prognosis and recurrence of CA.
目的:检测miR-203及其靶基因survivin和p63在尖锐湿疣(CA)中的表达，并探讨其与临床复发的关系。方法:比较病例组和对照组的一般数据及miR-203、survivin、p63的表达水平。病例组接受二氧化碳激光治疗，随访3个月，分为复发组和非复发组。采用SPSS v. 25.0软件对相关数据进行分析。结果:miR-203是CA复发的独立保护因素，疣数、survivin和p63是CA复发的独立危险因素。结论:miR-203可作为CA预后及复发的特异性临床生物指标。
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引用次数: 0
'The end' - or is it? Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 EG.5 and BA.2.86 subvariants. “结束了”——还是结束了？严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型EG.5和BA.2.86亚变体的出现。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0150
Farid Rahimi, Mohammad Darvishi, Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
Having surpassed Alpha
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引用次数: 1
The effects of herpes virus glycoprotein glycosylation on viral infection and pathogenesis 疱疹病毒糖蛋白糖基化对病毒感染和发病的影响
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2022-0209
Yijing Chen, Wen Liu, B. Luo
Herpes virus is an enveloped virus with many glycoproteins essential for viral infection and immune evasion. Several glycosylation sites exist on the glycoproteins of herpes viruses, including N- and O-glycosylation sites. Glycosylation affects herpes virus infection and pathogenesis in different ways, including the attachment and entry of the herpes virus into host cells, virus replication and the host's immune function. This article summarized the current knowledge on the glycosylation of herpes virus envelope glycoproteins and its impact on viral infection and demonstrated several applications of glycosylation inhibitors.
疱疹病毒是一种包膜病毒，有许多糖蛋白是病毒感染和免疫逃避所必需的。疱疹病毒的糖蛋白上存在几个糖基化位点，包括N-和o -糖基化位点。糖基化以不同的方式影响疱疹病毒的感染和发病机制，包括疱疹病毒附着和进入宿主细胞、病毒复制和宿主的免疫功能。本文综述了目前关于疱疹病毒包膜糖蛋白糖基化及其对病毒感染的影响的研究进展，并介绍了糖基化抑制剂的几种应用。
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引用次数: 0
Altered synaptic plasticity: plausible mechanisms associated with viral infections 突触可塑性改变:与病毒感染相关的合理机制
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-22 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0105
Vaishali Saini, Annu Rani, Amarjeet Kumar, K. Jha, S. Karnati, H. Jha
Neurotropic viruses target the central nervous system through various mechanisms: they have the potential to modulate synaptic plasticity, causing cognitive impairments by blocking N-methyl d-aspartate receptors; they alter the Ca2+ ion-signaling pathways modulating long-term potentiation, leading to a severe inflammatory response in brain cells, increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation through mitochondria and peroxisomes. Inflammatory pathways have a key role in modulating the plasticity of neurons, linked to numerous neurological disorders. Advanced neuroimaging techniques facilitate the early diagnosis of impaired synaptic function in viral infections and neurodegenerative disorders. Here we discuss the understanding of the interplay between neurotropic viral infections and their effects on synaptic plasticity and diagnosis through neuroimaging techniques.
嗜神经病毒通过多种机制靶向中枢神经系统:它们具有调节突触可塑性的潜力，通过阻断n -甲基d-天冬氨酸受体导致认知障碍;它们改变调节长期增强的Ca2+离子信号通路，导致脑细胞严重的炎症反应，通过线粒体和过氧化物酶体增加活性氧和脂质过氧化。炎症通路在调节神经元可塑性方面起着关键作用，与许多神经系统疾病有关。先进的神经成像技术有助于在病毒感染和神经退行性疾病中突触功能受损的早期诊断。在此，我们讨论嗜神经病毒感染及其对突触可塑性的影响之间的相互作用，并通过神经影像学技术进行诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnosis of influenza A virus: current molecular tools 甲型流感病毒的诊断：当前的分子工具
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0091
Sanjit Boora, Anishkumar Khan, S. Kaushik
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of CLOCK and CSNK1D function in circadian rhythm signaling pathways in HTLV-1 carriers HTLV-1携带者昼夜节律信号通路中CLOCK和CSNK1D功能的评估
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0050
Mohadeseh Ekhtiari, Fatemeh Bastan, Maryam Rashidian, Mahshid Safavi, Somayeh Yaslianifard, Jafar Ashrafi, F. Kermanian, Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
Aim: Disruption of the internal circadian rhythm pathway could lead to a range of diseases. In this study, we aim to evaluate the circadian rhythm pathway by assessing the interaction between CLOCK and CSNK1D genes in HTLV-1 carriers in comparison with healthy individuals. Materials & methods: CLOCK and CSNK1D gene expression was assessed using the RT-qPCR. Pathogenesis-related signaling networks were designed and analyzed using the obtained results. Results: There was no significant difference in age between the groups. CLOCK and CSNK1D gene expression levels were significantly higher in carriers than in healthy individuals (p = 0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusion: In addition to introducing potential biological markers, obtained results could be a good idea to further investigate this signaling pathway in the future.
目的：内部昼夜节律途径的破坏可能导致一系列疾病。在这项研究中，我们的目的是通过评估HTLV-1携带者中CLOCK和CSNK1D基因与健康个体之间的相互作用来评估昼夜节律途径。材料与方法：采用RT-qPCR技术检测CLOCK和CSNK1D基因的表达。利用获得的结果设计并分析了与发病机制相关的信号网络。结果：两组患者的年龄差异无统计学意义。携带者的CLOCK和CSNK1D基因表达水平显著高于健康个体（分别为p=0.04和p=0.03）。结论：除了引入潜在的生物标志物外，所获得的结果可能是未来进一步研究该信号通路的好主意。
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引用次数: 0
LMP1 encoded by Epstein–Barr virus may activate AHR through the ERK pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells EB病毒编码的LMP1可能通过ERK途径激活鼻咽癌细胞的AHR
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0093
Huifang Jin, Duo Shi, Wen Liu, Yan Zhang, Shuzhen Liu, B. Luo
Aim: To investigate the role of AHR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explore the relationship between Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and the AHR pathway. Methods: The effect of LMP1 on the expression of AHR was analyzed using real-time PCR and western blot. Proliferation and migration of cells were assessed using CCK8 and Transwell analysis. Results: EBV infection downregulated the expression of AHR in NPC cells, possibly through activation of the ERK pathway by LMP1 thereby accelerating AHR proteasomal degradation following translocation to the nucleus. Cell proliferation, migration and autophagy are promoted by activating the AHR pathway. Conclusion: In NPC cells, LMP1 increases the phosphorylation of ERK, which may activate the AHR pathway.
目的：探讨AHR在鼻咽癌中的作用，探讨EB病毒感染与AHR通路的关系。方法：应用实时聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹分析LMP1对AHR表达的影响。使用CCK8和Transwell分析来评估细胞的增殖和迁移。结果：EBV感染下调了NPC细胞中AHR的表达，可能是通过LMP1激活ERK途径，从而加速AHR蛋白酶体移位到细胞核后的降解。细胞增殖、迁移和自噬是通过激活AHR途径来促进的。结论：在NPC细胞中，LMP1增加ERK的磷酸化，可能激活AHR通路。
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引用次数: 0
Screening and identification of dominant B-cell epitopes of human cytomegalovirus UL138 and its clinical applications 人巨细胞病毒UL138显性b细胞表位的筛选鉴定及其临床应用
4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0052
Hua Zhu, Xuanlu Xu, Jing Jiang, Xiangyang Xue, Wenmiao Zhang, Ruanmin Zou
Aim: To predict the dominant B-cell epitope of the human cytomegalovirus UL138 gene and to provide a new assay for its latent infection. Methods: Recombinant plasmids were constructed with the predicted dominant epitopes, induced to be expressed and immunized in mice as a way to identify peptide antigenicity, immunogenicity and human serum. Results: Five potentially dominant B-cell epitopes were obtained. The positive rate of detection was found to be significantly higher in neonatal, adult and mouse serum specimens than in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) (IgG, IgM) and UL138 gene DNA and cDNA assays (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The predicted dominant B-cell epitope is highly sensitive for the detection of human serum HCMV latent infection and can replace the traditional HCMV IgG assay.
目的:预测人巨细胞病毒UL138基因的显性b细胞表位，为其潜伏感染提供新的检测方法。方法:利用预测的优势表位构建重组质粒，诱导其在小鼠体内表达和免疫，鉴定多肽抗原性、免疫原性和人血清。结果:获得5个潜在显性b细胞表位。新生儿、成人和小鼠血清标本的检出率明显高于人巨细胞病毒(HCMV) (IgG、IgM)和UL138基因DNA和cDNA检测(p <0.05)。结论:预测的显性b细胞表位对检测人血清HCMV潜伏感染具有较高的敏感性，可替代传统的HCMV IgG检测方法。
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引用次数: 0
Vertical transmission and maternal passive immunity post-SARS-CoV-2. 严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型后的垂直传播和母体被动免疫。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q3 Immunology and Microbiology
Future Virology
Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2023-0089
Hanie Karimi, Vahid Mansouri, Nima Rezaei

Since 2020, the highly contagious nature and various transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 have rendered the pandemic interminable. Vertical transmission (VT) through the placenta and breast milk, which is frequent for certain virus types, is thought to exist for SARS-CoV-2 and is hypothesized by many researchers. Conversely, antibodies are produced to counteract the effect of viruses. Since newborns' immunologic system cannot produce proper antibodies, maternal antibodies are usually transferred from mother to infant/fetus to meet the need. This theory leads to the hypothesis of transmission of antibodies through the placenta and breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. This paper further discusses these hypotheses, considering consequences of fetus/infant harm versus benefit.

自2020年以来，严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的高度传染性和各种传播途径使疫情无休止。通过胎盘和母乳的垂直传播（VT）在某些病毒类型中很常见，被认为存在严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型，许多研究人员对此进行了假设。相反，产生抗体是为了抵消病毒的影响。由于新生儿的免疫系统不能产生适当的抗体，母体抗体通常会从母亲转移到婴儿/胎儿身上以满足需求。这一理论导致了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染或接种疫苗后抗体通过胎盘和母乳传播的假设。本文进一步讨论了这些假设，考虑到胎儿/婴儿伤害与利益的后果。
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