Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117080
Walter W. Wenzel, Alireza Golestanifard, Olivier Duboc
<div><div>The European Union has recently launched a proposal for a soil monitoring and resilience directive (“soil monitoring law”, SML), defining the SOC: clay ratio as descriptor of the soil organic carbon (SOC) status, with a ratio of 1/13 separating “healthy” from “unhealthy” soils. Using data of the Lower Austrian soil database, this article explores the mechanistic foundation and applicability of the SOC: clay ratio in the ecologically diverse study region. We observe considerable variation of the SOC: clay ratio among agroecological regions because clay content and SOC are driven by different ecological variables, with clay content related to the texture of parent materials. After stratification by land use (cropland versus grassland), we built multiple regression models starting with an initial set of predictor variables including mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature (MAT), clay content, CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalent, amorphous oxyhydroxides of Al (Al<sub>o</sub>) and Fe (Fe<sub>o</sub>), and pH to identify the main drivers of SOC and their relative importance. The final models explain between 23 and 77 % of the overall SOC variation, and reveal that SOC is primarily controlled by Al<sub>o</sub> and the CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalent across the entire study region and within most agroecological and soil units, with smaller contributions of clay content and MAP. The set of relevant SOC drivers and their relative importance vary with spatial scale (entire study region versus agroecological and soil units), the aridity index (defined as MAT: MAP) and the state of soil development, as reflected by soil pH. With some notable exceptions, Al<sub>o</sub> is most important in more humid regions and acidic soils, whereas the relevance of CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalent and clay content increases with pH and aridity.</div><div>The limited importance of clay content indicates that the SOC: clay ratio is a poor descriptor of soil health in the study region. Moreover, we could not confirm a meaningful functional relation between the SOC: clay ratio and the quality of soil structure derived from visual assessment. These findings challenge the universal use of the SOC: clay ratio as descriptor of soil health, and its threshold of 1/13 to distinguish the soil health status across different ecological zones. If SOC is not primarily driven by clay content, also the use of correction factors to the SOC: clay threshold as suggested by the SML is not appropriate.</div><div>To derive meaningful regional benchmarks of SOC, we suggest to employ multiple regression analysis with the main SOC drivers as input variables. The regression equation can be used to predict the SOC levels expected for the average management regime of the region at any given values of the relevant main soil and climate drivers. This approach can be further refined by scaling down to the soil unit level, and by developing relations for different, clearly defined categories of soil manage
{"title":"SOC: clay ratio: A mechanistically-sound, universal soil health indicator across ecological zones and land use categories?","authors":"Walter W. Wenzel, Alireza Golestanifard, Olivier Duboc","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Union has recently launched a proposal for a soil monitoring and resilience directive (“soil monitoring law”, SML), defining the SOC: clay ratio as descriptor of the soil organic carbon (SOC) status, with a ratio of 1/13 separating “healthy” from “unhealthy” soils. Using data of the Lower Austrian soil database, this article explores the mechanistic foundation and applicability of the SOC: clay ratio in the ecologically diverse study region. We observe considerable variation of the SOC: clay ratio among agroecological regions because clay content and SOC are driven by different ecological variables, with clay content related to the texture of parent materials. After stratification by land use (cropland versus grassland), we built multiple regression models starting with an initial set of predictor variables including mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature (MAT), clay content, CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalent, amorphous oxyhydroxides of Al (Al<sub>o</sub>) and Fe (Fe<sub>o</sub>), and pH to identify the main drivers of SOC and their relative importance. The final models explain between 23 and 77 % of the overall SOC variation, and reveal that SOC is primarily controlled by Al<sub>o</sub> and the CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalent across the entire study region and within most agroecological and soil units, with smaller contributions of clay content and MAP. The set of relevant SOC drivers and their relative importance vary with spatial scale (entire study region versus agroecological and soil units), the aridity index (defined as MAT: MAP) and the state of soil development, as reflected by soil pH. With some notable exceptions, Al<sub>o</sub> is most important in more humid regions and acidic soils, whereas the relevance of CaCO<sub>3</sub> equivalent and clay content increases with pH and aridity.</div><div>The limited importance of clay content indicates that the SOC: clay ratio is a poor descriptor of soil health in the study region. Moreover, we could not confirm a meaningful functional relation between the SOC: clay ratio and the quality of soil structure derived from visual assessment. These findings challenge the universal use of the SOC: clay ratio as descriptor of soil health, and its threshold of 1/13 to distinguish the soil health status across different ecological zones. If SOC is not primarily driven by clay content, also the use of correction factors to the SOC: clay threshold as suggested by the SML is not appropriate.</div><div>To derive meaningful regional benchmarks of SOC, we suggest to employ multiple regression analysis with the main SOC drivers as input variables. The regression equation can be used to predict the SOC levels expected for the average management regime of the region at any given values of the relevant main soil and climate drivers. This approach can be further refined by scaling down to the soil unit level, and by developing relations for different, clearly defined categories of soil manage","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117080"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117107
Juan Jia , Guoqing Zhai , Yufu Jia , Xiaojuan Liu , Keping Ma , Xiaojuan Feng
Microbe-mediated carbon (C) transformation plays a crucial role in the accumulation of soil organic C (SOC). However, microbial conversion efficiency of newly-added labile C and native SOC to necromass remain under-investigated. Here we collected the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under broadleaved and coniferous trees of varying nutrient availability, and conducted an 80-day soil incubation with 13C-labelled glucose to evaluate ‘microbial C pump’ (MCP) capacity (new C-derived biomass and necromass), phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs)-based C use efficiency (i.e., new C-derived PLFAs relative to respiration, referred as CUE′ to differentiate from microbial biomass C-based CUE) and amino sugar (reflecting necromass) accumulation efficiency (AAE; new C-derived amino sugars relative to respiration). We found that MCP capacity, microbial AAE and CUE′ had different variation patterns and influencing factors. The amount of added glucose played a decisive role in determining MCP capacity. The key predictors of AAE were the ratio of inorganic nitrogen (N) to added glucose (reflecting N limitation) and bacterial PLFAs, while ratios of fungi to bacteria and C to N were important for predicting CUE′. Furthermore, we found that glucose addition stimulated microbial transformation of native SOC into necromass in C- but not N-limited soils (with a high AAE) without invoking a priming effect, potentially enhancing microbe-mediated SOC sequestration. These findings suggest that the efficiency of microbial necromass accumulation is strongly influenced by N availability and decoupled from biomass synthesis, highlighting nutrient regulations on SOC sequestration via plant–microbe interactions. We argue that AAE is a more reliable indicator to assess the efficiency of MCP fueled by labile C.
微生物介导的碳（C）转化在土壤有机碳（SOC）积累过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，微生物将新增加的可变碳和本地 SOC 转化为坏质的效率仍未得到充分研究。在此，我们采集了不同养分供应情况下阔叶树和针叶树下的根圈和非根圈土壤，并用 13C 标记的葡萄糖进行了为期 80 天的土壤培养，以评估 "微生物碳泵"（MCP）能力（新的 C 衍生生物量和新生物量）、基于磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）的 C 利用效率（即、CUE′，以区别于基于微生物生物量 C 的 CUE）和氨基酸糖（反映坏死物质）积累效率（AAE；相对于呼吸作用的新 C 衍生氨基酸糖）。我们发现 MCP 能力、微生物 AAE 和 CUE′具有不同的变化规律和影响因素。添加的葡萄糖量对 MCP 能力起着决定性作用。预测 AAE 的关键因素是无机氮（N）与添加的葡萄糖之比（反映 N 限制）和细菌 PLFAs，而真菌与细菌之比和 C 与 N 之比则是预测 CUE′ 的重要因素。此外，我们还发现，在碳限制而非氮限制的土壤（AAE 高）中，添加葡萄糖可刺激微生物将原生 SOC 转化为坏死物质，而不会产生引物效应，这可能会增强微生物介导的 SOC 固碳作用。这些研究结果表明，微生物新陈代谢积累的效率受到氮供应量的强烈影响，与生物量合成脱钩，凸显了养分通过植物-微生物相互作用对 SOC 固碳的调节作用。我们认为，AAE 是评估由可溶性 C 推动的 MCP 效率的更可靠指标。
{"title":"Microbial necromass accrual from newly added labile and native soil carbon in the rhizosphere vs. non-rhizosphere of broadleaved and coniferous trees","authors":"Juan Jia , Guoqing Zhai , Yufu Jia , Xiaojuan Liu , Keping Ma , Xiaojuan Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbe-mediated carbon (C) transformation plays a crucial role in the accumulation of soil organic C (SOC). However, microbial conversion efficiency of newly-added labile C and native SOC to necromass remain under-investigated. Here we collected the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under broadleaved and coniferous trees of varying nutrient availability, and conducted an 80-day soil incubation with <sup>13</sup>C-labelled glucose to evaluate ‘microbial C pump’ (MCP) capacity (new C-derived biomass and necromass), phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs)-based C use efficiency (i.e., new C-derived PLFAs relative to respiration, referred as CUE′ to differentiate from microbial biomass C-based CUE) and amino sugar (reflecting necromass) accumulation efficiency (AAE; new C-derived amino sugars relative to respiration). We found that MCP capacity, microbial AAE and CUE′ had different variation patterns and influencing factors. The amount of added glucose played a decisive role in determining MCP capacity. The key predictors of AAE were the ratio of inorganic nitrogen (N) to added glucose (reflecting N limitation) and bacterial PLFAs, while ratios of fungi to bacteria and C to N were important for predicting CUE′. Furthermore, we found that glucose addition stimulated microbial transformation of native SOC into necromass in C- but not N-limited soils (with a high AAE) without invoking a priming effect, potentially enhancing microbe-mediated SOC sequestration. These findings suggest that the efficiency of microbial necromass accumulation is strongly influenced by N availability and decoupled from biomass synthesis, highlighting nutrient regulations on SOC sequestration via plant–microbe interactions. We argue that AAE is a more reliable indicator to assess the efficiency of MCP fueled by labile C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117108
Wenyi Xu , Andreas Westergaard-Nielsen , Anders Michelsen , Per Lennart Ambus
Generally, with increasing elevation, there is a corresponding decrease in annual mean air and soil temperatures, resulting in an overall decrease in ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the variations in CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems. Aiming to quantify CO2 exchange along elevation gradients in tundra ecosystems, we measured ecosystem CO2 exchange in the peak growing season along an elevation gradient (9–387 m above sea level, m.a.s.l) in an arctic heath tundra, West Greenland. We also performed an ex-situ incubation experiment based on soil samples collected along the elevation gradient, to assess the sensitivity of soil respiration to changes in temperature and soil moisture. There was no apparent temperature gradient along the elevation gradient, with the lowest air and soil temperatures at the second lowest elevation site (83 m). The lowest elevation site exhibited the highest net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross ecosystem production (GEP) rates, while the other three sites generally showed intercomparable CO2 exchange rates. Topography aspect-induced soil microclimate differences rather than the elevation were the primary drivers for the soil nutrient status and ecosystem CO2 exchange. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration above 0 °C increased with elevation, while elevation did not regulate the temperature sensitivity below 0 °C or the moisture sensitivity. Soil total nitrogen, carbon, and ammonium contents were the controls of temperature sensitivity below 0 °C. Overall, our results emphasize the significance of considering elevation and microclimate when predicting the response of CO2 balance to climate change or upscaling to regional scales, particularly during the growing season. However, outside the growing season, other factors such as soil nutrient dynamics, play a more influential role in driving ecosystem CO2 fluxes. To accurately upscale or predict annual CO2 fluxes in arctic tundra regions, it is crucial to incorporate elevation-specific microclimate conditions into ecosystem models.
一般来说，随着海拔的升高，年平均气温和土壤温度会相应降低，从而导致生态系统二氧化碳（CO2）交换量总体减少。然而，人们对苔原生态系统二氧化碳交换量随海拔梯度的变化缺乏了解。为了量化苔原生态系统沿海拔梯度的二氧化碳交换量，我们在西格陵兰的北极石楠苔原测量了生长旺季沿海拔梯度（海拔 9-387 米）的生态系统二氧化碳交换量。我们还根据沿海拔梯度采集的土壤样本进行了一次原地培养实验，以评估土壤呼吸作用对温度和土壤湿度变化的敏感性。沿海拔梯度没有明显的温度梯度，海拔第二低的地点（83 米）的空气和土壤温度最低。海拔最低的地点表现出最高的净生态系统交换率（NEE）、生态系统呼吸率（ER）和生态系统总生产率（GEP），而其他三个地点一般表现出可比的二氧化碳交换率。土壤养分状况和生态系统二氧化碳交换量的主要驱动因素是地形方面引起的土壤小气候差异，而不是海拔高度。土壤呼吸作用在 0 °C 以上的温度敏感性随海拔升高而增加，而海拔对 0 °C 以下的温度敏感性和湿度敏感性没有调节作用。土壤全氮、碳和铵含量是 0 °C 以下温度敏感性的控制因子。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在预测二氧化碳平衡对气候变化的响应或上升到区域尺度时，考虑海拔高度和小气候具有重要意义，尤其是在生长季节。然而，在生长季节之外，土壤养分动态等其他因素在驱动生态系统二氧化碳通量方面发挥着更大的影响作用。要准确地放大或预测北极苔原地区的年度二氧化碳通量，将海拔高度特定的小气候条件纳入生态系统模型至关重要。
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Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117098
Meghan Barnard , Ram C. Dalal , Zhe H. Weng , Steffen A. Schweizer , Peter M. Kopittke
Understanding the mechanisms that control soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence is central to soil management and climate change mitigation. In the present study, we utilised a chronosequence of Vertisols which have undergone land use change from native vegetation to cropping for up to 82 y in subtropical Australia. We examined whether the marked changes in SOC concentrations were associated with changes in the physicochemical protection of SOC in aggregate structures (occlusion) and mineral surfaces (adsorption) or with changes in chemical functional composition. Soil samples were fractionated using density and physical fractionation to isolate the free particulate organic matter (fPOM), occluded POM (oPOM) and fine mineral-associated organic matter (fine-MAOM) to assess the impact of land use change on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions with differing degrees of physicochemical protection. The impact of long-term cropping on SOC functional group composition across soil fractions was assessed using synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analyses. We found that although long-term cropping caused a loss of 43 % of bulk SOC after 20 y, this marked loss over time was not associated with a change in C functional group composition. Furthermore, although the SOC retention in the various fractions differed up to 60-fold (fPOM-C decreased by 78 % after cropping for 20 y, whilst fine-MAOM decreased by 25 %), there were only comparatively minor differences in SOC functional group composition between these fractions. Together, these findings suggest that the differences in C retention between fractions were less related to SOC functional group composition and more related to SOM’s physicochemical protection.
{"title":"Physicochemical protection is more important than chemical functional composition in controlling soil organic carbon retention following long-term land-use change","authors":"Meghan Barnard , Ram C. Dalal , Zhe H. Weng , Steffen A. Schweizer , Peter M. Kopittke","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanisms that control soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence is central to soil management and climate change mitigation. In the present study, we utilised a chronosequence of Vertisols which have undergone land use change from native vegetation to cropping for up to 82 y in subtropical Australia. We examined whether the marked changes in SOC concentrations were associated with changes in the physicochemical protection of SOC in aggregate structures (occlusion) and mineral surfaces (adsorption) or with changes in chemical functional composition. Soil samples were fractionated using density and physical fractionation to isolate the free particulate organic matter (fPOM), occluded POM (oPOM) and fine mineral-associated organic matter (fine-MAOM) to assess the impact of land use change on soil organic matter (SOM) fractions with differing degrees of physicochemical protection. The impact of long-term cropping on SOC functional group composition across soil fractions was assessed using synchrotron-based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analyses. We found that although long-term cropping caused a loss of 43 % of bulk SOC after 20 y, this marked loss over time was not associated with a change in C functional group composition. Furthermore, although the SOC retention in the various fractions differed up to 60-fold (fPOM-C decreased by 78 % after cropping for 20<!--> <!-->y, whilst fine-MAOM decreased by 25 %), there were only comparatively minor differences in SOC functional group composition between these fractions. Together, these findings suggest that the differences in C retention between fractions were less related to SOC functional group composition and more related to SOM’s physicochemical protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117102
Lu Chen , Yue Li , Sarah S.A. Alsaif , Abdullah A. Saber , Shubin Lan
Microbial communities within biocrusts fulfill important ecological functions, particularly in dryland environments. Identifying the optimal conditions for transporting and storing biocrusts is essential to preserve and accurately analyze their microbial communities. However, the effectiveness of these preservation methods remains poorly understood. In this study, we collected dry biocrusts at different developmental stages (shifting sand, cyanobacteria-dominated, and moss-dominated) from the Qbuqi Desert in northern China. We examined the effects of different storage conditions, i.e. at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and low temperature (4 °C and −80 °C) over one month on the microbial community characteristics, including species composition, abundance and diversity. Our findings demonstrated that microbial community differences among the biocrust developmental stages were maintained even after one month of storage at room temperature. Compared to the control (analyzed immediately after sampling), storing biocrusts at 25 °C and 4 °C did not significantly alter biocrust assemblages, whereas storage at −80 °C increased the estimated gene copy number of Proteobacteria in cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts. Furthermore, our results suggest that biocrust developmental stage and microbial community composition had minimal impact on the effectiveness of different storage methods, though caution should be kept for the prokaryotic communities. Overall, we recommend storing dry-collected biocrusts at room temperature as an effective and economic method for preserving microbial communities, particularly for DNA-based microbial studies from dryland soils with frequent monitoring of biocrust development at remote areas.
生物簇中的微生物群落具有重要的生态功能，尤其是在干旱地区的环境中。确定运输和储存生物簇的最佳条件对于保存和准确分析其微生物群落至关重要。然而，人们对这些保存方法的有效性仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们从中国北部的库布齐沙漠采集了处于不同发育阶段（流沙、蓝藻为主和苔藓为主）的干燥生物簇。我们研究了不同储存条件（室温（25 ± 2 °C）和低温（4 °C和-80 °C）一个月对微生物群落特征（包括物种组成、丰度和多样性）的影响。我们的研究结果表明，即使在室温下储存一个月后，生物脆皮发育阶段之间的微生物群落差异仍能保持。与对照组（取样后立即分析）相比，在 25 °C 和 4 °C 下储存生物簇并不会显著改变生物簇的组合，而在 -80 °C 下储存则会增加蓝藻为主的生物簇中变形菌的估计基因拷贝数。此外，我们的研究结果表明，生物簇的发育阶段和微生物群落组成对不同储存方法的效果影响甚微，但对原核生物群落应保持谨慎。总之，我们建议将干采集的生物簇储存在室温下，这是一种有效且经济的微生物群落保存方法，尤其适用于在偏远地区经常监测生物簇发育情况的旱地土壤中进行基于 DNA 的微生物研究。
{"title":"Storage at room temperature is a cost-effective and practical preservation method for dry biocrust microbial communities","authors":"Lu Chen , Yue Li , Sarah S.A. Alsaif , Abdullah A. Saber , Shubin Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial communities within biocrusts fulfill important ecological functions, particularly in dryland environments. Identifying the optimal conditions for transporting and storing biocrusts is essential to preserve and accurately analyze their microbial communities. However, the effectiveness of these preservation methods remains poorly understood. In this study, we collected dry biocrusts at different developmental stages (shifting sand, cyanobacteria-dominated, and moss-dominated) from the Qbuqi Desert in northern China. We examined the effects of different storage conditions, i.e. at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and low temperature (4 °C and −80 °C) over one month on the microbial community characteristics, including species composition, abundance and diversity. Our findings demonstrated that microbial community differences among the biocrust developmental stages were maintained even after one month of storage at room temperature. Compared to the control (analyzed immediately after sampling), storing biocrusts at 25 °C and 4 °C did not significantly alter biocrust assemblages, whereas storage at −80 °C increased the estimated gene copy number of <em>Proteobacteria</em> in cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts. Furthermore, our results suggest that biocrust developmental stage and microbial community composition had minimal impact on the effectiveness of different storage methods, though caution should be kept for the prokaryotic communities. Overall, we recommend storing dry-collected biocrusts at room temperature as an effective and economic method for preserving microbial communities, particularly for DNA-based microbial studies from dryland soils with frequent monitoring of biocrust development at remote areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117102"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117101
Daria S. Derbilova , Priscia Oliva , David Sebag , Sergei Loiko , Asap Idimeshev , Eugeniy Barsukov , Liudmila S. Shirokova , Jean-Jacques Braun , Oleg S. Pokrovsky
{"title":"Anthropic dark soils horizons in western Siberian taiga: origin, soil chemistry and sustainability of organic matter","authors":"Daria S. Derbilova , Priscia Oliva , David Sebag , Sergei Loiko , Asap Idimeshev , Eugeniy Barsukov , Liudmila S. Shirokova , Jean-Jacques Braun , Oleg S. Pokrovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117109
Zhouchang Yu , Wei Zhang , Hongqiang He , Yanrong Li , Zhiguo Xie , AHejiang Sailike , Hongjian Hao , Xingfang Tian , Lin Sun , Yujie Liang , Rong Fu , Peizhi Yang
Combatting desertification through vegetation restoration holds significant potential for soil carbon sequestration. However, understanding the effects of different restoration types on soil organic carbon component and the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) remains limited. This study assessed soils from four distinct vegetation types, namely grassland desert (GD), desert steppe (DS), typical steppe (TS), and artificial forest (AF), in the eastern part of the Mu Us Desert, China, examining physicochemical properties, carbon chemical composition, microbial community composition, and CAZyme gene abundance. Our research findings demonstrated that TS restoration significantly increased the content of various soil organic carbon (SOC) components. Compared to other vegetation types, the proportion of recalcitrant carbon (20–22%) was notably higher and exhibited a strong correlation with lignin and peptidoglycan, as determined by the analysis of CAZyme subfamily composition. GD and DS soils showed enrichment in cellulose and hemicellulose-decomposing CAZymes, leading to higher polysaccharide and aliphatic carbon levels. Significant changes were observed in the methyl carbon component amidst the decomposition of varied organic matter types, correlating strongly with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria abundances. Our research elucidates the influence of distinct vegetation types on sandy soil carbon sequestration and stabilization, highlighting the crucial function of microbial communities and their CAZyme activities. These insights can guide enhanced land management strategies for improved carbon dynamics in arid ecosystems.
{"title":"The CAZyme family regulates the changes in soil organic carbon composition during vegetation restoration in the Mu Us desert","authors":"Zhouchang Yu , Wei Zhang , Hongqiang He , Yanrong Li , Zhiguo Xie , AHejiang Sailike , Hongjian Hao , Xingfang Tian , Lin Sun , Yujie Liang , Rong Fu , Peizhi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combatting desertification through vegetation restoration holds significant potential for soil carbon sequestration. However, understanding the effects of different restoration types on soil organic carbon component and the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) remains limited. This study assessed soils from four distinct vegetation types, namely grassland desert (GD), desert steppe (DS), typical steppe (TS), and artificial forest (AF), in the eastern part of the Mu Us Desert, China, examining physicochemical properties, carbon chemical composition, microbial community composition, and CAZyme gene abundance. Our research findings demonstrated that TS restoration significantly increased the content of various soil organic carbon (SOC) components. Compared to other vegetation types, the proportion of recalcitrant carbon (20–22%) was notably higher and exhibited a strong correlation with lignin and peptidoglycan, as determined by the analysis of CAZyme subfamily composition. GD and DS soils showed enrichment in cellulose and hemicellulose-decomposing CAZymes, leading to higher polysaccharide and aliphatic carbon levels. Significant changes were observed in the methyl carbon component amidst the decomposition of varied organic matter types, correlating strongly with <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Acidobacteria</em> abundances. Our research elucidates the influence of distinct vegetation types on sandy soil carbon sequestration and stabilization, highlighting the crucial function of microbial communities and their CAZyme activities. These insights can guide enhanced land management strategies for improved carbon dynamics in arid ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117103
Usama Aldughaishi , Stephen R. Grattan , Floyid Nicolas , Srinivasa Rao Peddinti , Cassandra Bonfil , Felix Ogunmokun , Majdi Abou Najm , Mallika Nocco , Isaya Kisekka
Soil sodicity, salinity, clay dispersion, and clay soil cracking are significant issues for modern agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) has traditionally been used to estimate potential changes in infiltration rates or hydraulic conductivity when sodium cations dominate irrigation water quality. Recent research indicates that the cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSSf and CROSSopt) provides better predictive capabilities for soil structure and threshold electrolyte concentration than SAR, especially when water used for irrigation or aquifer recharge contains both potassium and sodium cations. In this study, soil columns filled with clay loam were used to assess the impact of recycled water reuse on soil structure stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Ten treatments were prepared using chloride solutions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and/or magnesium to create a broad range of synthetic recycled water qualities with varying SAR, CROSSf, and CROSSopt values. After a pre-saturation process, the columns were maintained to have a constant 1 cm head of treatment solutions with a salinity of 1.5 dS/m. The results showed that CROSSf had a stronger correlation with saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil aggregate stability in comparison to CROSSopt and SAR. The R2 for saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil structure were 0.90 and 0.94 for CROSSf, 0.41 and 0.60 for CROSSopt, and 0.75 and 0.78 for SAR, respectively. Notably, the treatments that received solutions with 0-SAR values but contained potassium had significantly more dispersible clay throughout the entire soil column than the treatment that received calcium chloride solution. It was concluded that the CROSSf model could offer enhanced accuracy and insight into predicting the impact of recycled water reuse for irrigation on soil infiltration rate and soil aggregate stability.
土壤钠度、盐度、粘土分散和粘土开裂是现代农业面临的重大问题，尤其是在世界干旱和半干旱地区。钠吸附率（SAR）传统上用于估算钠阳离子主导灌溉水质时渗透率或水力传导性的潜在变化。最近的研究表明，与 SAR 相比，土壤结构稳定性的阳离子比率（CROSSf 和 CROSSopt）能更好地预测土壤结构和阈值电解质浓度，尤其是当灌溉用水或含水层补给水同时含有钾和钠离子时。在这项研究中，使用了填满粘壤土的土柱来评估循环水回用对土壤结构稳定性和饱和导水率的影响。使用钠、钾、钙和/或镁的氯化物溶液制备了十种处理方法，以形成具有不同 SAR 值、CROSSf 值和 CROSSopt 值的多种合成循环水水质。经过预饱和处理后，水柱中的处理溶液保持恒定的 1 厘米水头，盐度为 1.5 dS/m。结果表明，与 CROSSopt 和 SAR 相比，CROSSf 与饱和水力传导性和土壤集料稳定性的相关性更强。CROSSf 的饱和导水率和土壤结构的 R2 分别为 0.90 和 0.94，CROSSopt 为 0.41 和 0.60，SAR 为 0.75 和 0.78。值得注意的是，与接受氯化钙溶液的处理相比，接受 SAR 值为 0 但含有钾的溶液的处理在整个土壤柱中的可分散粘土含量要高得多。结论是，CROSSf 模型可以更准确、更深入地预测再生水回用于灌溉对土壤入渗率和土壤团聚稳定性的影响。
{"title":"Assessing the impact of recycled water reuse on infiltration and soil structure","authors":"Usama Aldughaishi , Stephen R. Grattan , Floyid Nicolas , Srinivasa Rao Peddinti , Cassandra Bonfil , Felix Ogunmokun , Majdi Abou Najm , Mallika Nocco , Isaya Kisekka","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil sodicity, salinity, clay dispersion, and clay soil cracking are significant issues for modern agriculture, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) has traditionally been used to estimate potential changes in infiltration rates or hydraulic conductivity when sodium cations dominate irrigation water quality. Recent research indicates that the cation ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS<sub>f</sub> and CROSS<sub>opt</sub>) provides better predictive capabilities for soil structure and threshold electrolyte concentration than SAR, especially when water used for irrigation or aquifer recharge contains both potassium and sodium cations. In this study, soil columns filled with clay loam were used to assess the impact of recycled water reuse on soil structure stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Ten treatments were prepared using chloride solutions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and/or magnesium to create a broad range of synthetic recycled water qualities with varying SAR, CROSSf, and CROSS<sub>opt</sub> values. After a pre-saturation process, the columns were maintained to have a constant 1 cm head of treatment solutions with a salinity of 1.5 dS/m. The results showed that CROSS<sub>f</sub> had a stronger correlation with saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil aggregate stability in comparison to CROSS<sub>opt</sub> and SAR. The R<sup>2</sup> for saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil structure were 0.90 and 0.94 for CROSS<sub>f</sub>, 0.41 and 0.60 for CROSS<sub>opt</sub>, and 0.75 and 0.78 for SAR, respectively. Notably, the treatments that received solutions with 0-SAR values but contained potassium had significantly more dispersible clay throughout the entire soil column than the treatment that received calcium chloride solution. It was concluded that the CROSS<sub>f</sub> model could offer enhanced accuracy and insight into predicting the impact of recycled water reuse for irrigation on soil infiltration rate and soil aggregate stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089
D. Moret-Fernández , F. Lera , D. Yilmaz , L. Lassabatere , J.J. Jiménez , B. Latorre
The soil sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, are fundamental soil hydraulic properties that can be estimated from the cumulative infiltration curve measured with a disc infiltrometer. The Haverkamp infiltration model is widely used to estimate S and Ks. This model includes as inputs the constants β and γ and the difference between the initial, θi, and final, θs, volumetric water contents, Δθ. Since Δθ would be expressive of the possible measurement errors, and assuming β, γ, and θi as known values, the first objective of this work is to analyze the influence of θs on the optimization of Ks and S. To this end, a sensitivity analysis, which consists of estimating Ks and S for a range of θs was applied on synthetic infiltration curves simulated for homogeneous columns of sand and loam soil. Then, and working on real soils under different tillage management, we evaluated different procedures to measure θs and analyzed its impact on Ks and S estimation. Four different techniques were compared: the gravimetric-core method and two TDR invasive (3 and 5 cm) and a non-invasive (NiP) probes. All TDR probes were connected to a low-cost NanoVNA. The sensitivity analysis showed that θs, Ks and S can be optimized simultaneously from the inverse analysis of an infiltration curve when β and γ are known values and the infiltration curve is near the steady-state zone. However, due to the intrinsic complexities of real soils and the fact that β and γ are unknown variables, we recommended to optimize Ks and S using measured θs. The NiP sensor connected to a NanoVNA provided a fast, inexpensive, clean, accurate and robust alternative to measure θs at the end of the infiltration experiments.
{"title":"Influence of saturated water content on estimating soil hydraulic properties from cumulative disc infiltrometer measurements","authors":"D. Moret-Fernández , F. Lera , D. Yilmaz , L. Lassabatere , J.J. Jiménez , B. Latorre","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil sorptivity, <em>S</em>, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, <em>K<sub>s</sub></em>, are fundamental soil hydraulic properties that can be estimated from the cumulative infiltration curve measured with a disc infiltrometer. The Haverkamp infiltration model is widely used to estimate <em>S</em> and <em>K<sub>s</sub></em>. This model includes as inputs the constants <em>β</em> and <em>γ</em> and the difference between the initial, <em>θ<sub>i</sub></em>, and final, <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em>, volumetric water contents, <em>Δθ</em>. Since <em>Δθ</em> would be expressive of the possible measurement errors, and assuming <em>β</em>, <em>γ</em>, and <em>θ<sub>i</sub></em> as known values, the first objective of this work is to analyze the influence of <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em> on the optimization of <em>K<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>S</em>. To this end, a sensitivity analysis, which consists of estimating <em>K<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>S</em> for a range of <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em> was applied on synthetic infiltration curves simulated for homogeneous columns of sand and loam soil. Then, and working on real soils under different tillage management, we evaluated different procedures to measure <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em> and analyzed its impact on <em>K<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>S</em> estimation. Four different techniques were compared: the gravimetric-core method and two TDR invasive (3 and 5 cm) and a non-invasive (NiP) probes. All TDR probes were connected to a low-cost NanoVNA. The sensitivity analysis showed that <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em>, <em>K<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>S</em> can be optimized simultaneously from the inverse analysis of an infiltration curve when <em>β</em> and <em>γ</em> are known values and the infiltration curve is near the steady-state zone. However, due to the intrinsic complexities of real soils and the fact that <em>β</em> and <em>γ</em> are unknown variables, we recommended to optimize <em>K<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>S</em> using measured <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em>. The NiP sensor connected to a NanoVNA provided a fast, inexpensive, clean, accurate and robust alternative to measure <em>θ<sub>s</sub></em> at the end of the infiltration experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117095
Anne Köhler , Ulrike Werban , Marco Pohle , Johannes Rabiger-Völlmer , Birgit Schneider , Anneli Wanger-O’Neill , Stefanie Berg , Peter Dietrich , Christoph Zielhofer
This study investigates the stratigraphy and carbon storage of the Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valley fills, of the Alpine Foothills in Bavaria, using a combination of electromagnetic induction (EMI), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), direct push electrical conductivity sensing (DP-EC) and drilling cores. We identified three distinct stratigraphic units, with Unit I consisting of gravel deposits, Unit II comprising Holocene peat layers, and Unit III containing redeposited carbonates and overbank deposits.
The integration of EMI data enhanced spatial resolution, while ERT data provided detailed insights into the thickness and distribution of these units. Correlating EMI-based apparent electrical conductivity values with stratigraphical data enabled the creation of a validated 3D model of sediment thickness. This approach revealed an inverted relief process where non-organic Unit III sediments remain elevated as surrounding organic-rich sediments shrink upon oxidation.
Additionally, geochemical analyses estimated the Total Carbon (TC) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content for Unit II, totaling 43 kt of TC and 35 kt of TOC across the entire 15-hectare study area. The high carbon storage in peatlands is attributed to the thickness of peat layers and sustained water saturation, preventing degradation. However, potential reductions in groundwater levels could lead to peat decomposition and carbon release.
This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating EMI, DP-EC and ERT data for stratigraphic analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of spatial sediment stratigraphies and carbon storage in the study area. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to use geophysical prospecting methods not only to characterise surface sediments but also those located deeper in the ground. This allows for the analysis of both intact fen peats in terms of their carbon storage, as well as those that are no longer intact but buried.
{"title":"Determining carbon storage of a complex peat stratigraphy using non– and minimal-invasive geophysical prospection techniques (Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valleys, southern Germany)","authors":"Anne Köhler , Ulrike Werban , Marco Pohle , Johannes Rabiger-Völlmer , Birgit Schneider , Anneli Wanger-O’Neill , Stefanie Berg , Peter Dietrich , Christoph Zielhofer","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the stratigraphy and carbon storage of the Verlorener Bach and Loosbach valley fills, of the Alpine Foothills in Bavaria, using a combination of electromagnetic induction (EMI), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), direct push electrical conductivity sensing (DP-EC) and drilling cores. We identified three distinct stratigraphic units, with Unit I consisting of gravel deposits, Unit II comprising Holocene peat layers, and Unit III containing redeposited carbonates and overbank deposits.</div><div>The integration of EMI data enhanced spatial resolution, while ERT data provided detailed insights into the thickness and distribution of these units. Correlating EMI-based apparent electrical conductivity values with stratigraphical data enabled the creation of a validated 3D model of sediment thickness. This approach revealed an inverted relief process where non-organic Unit III sediments remain elevated as surrounding organic-rich sediments shrink upon oxidation.</div><div>Additionally, geochemical analyses estimated the Total Carbon (TC) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content for Unit II, totaling 43 kt of TC and 35 kt of TOC across the entire 15-hectare study area. The high carbon storage in peatlands is attributed to the thickness of peat layers and sustained water saturation, preventing degradation. However, potential reductions in groundwater levels could lead to peat decomposition and carbon release.</div><div>This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating EMI, DP-EC and ERT data for stratigraphic analysis, providing a comprehensive understanding of spatial sediment stratigraphies and carbon storage in the study area. Our study demonstrates that it is possible to use geophysical prospecting methods not only to characterise surface sediments but also those located deeper in the ground. This allows for the analysis of both intact fen peats in terms of their carbon storage, as well as those that are no longer intact but buried.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12511,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma","volume":"452 ","pages":"Article 117095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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