This study aimed at carrying out a survey of the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in selected primary schools in Nasarawa town. Cross sectional research design was adopted for the study. Stratified sampling technique were adopted where the three selected schools served as the strata. The data for the study were collected using structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The findings of the study revealed among others that malnutrition in the form of wasting and underweight is more prevalent than stunting in the study area. The study revealed further that exposure to diarrhea, mother’s educational level, mother’s occupation, total number of children, family monthly income, water treatment practice, were significant determinants of wasting among under five children. Also, factors like age of mother, source of food, frequency of water treatment, Antenatal Care (ANC) follow up, mothers’ eating habits during pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding practice and meal frequency were significant determinants of underweight among under five children. Furthermore, exposure to infectious disease, mothers’ educational level, source of food and frequency of water treatment were the significant determinants of stunting among under five children in the study area. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that at the community level, instruction and training should be provided to women regarding exclusive breastfeeding, child care, and infectious illness prevention protocol.
{"title":"Prevalence And Determinants Of Malnutrition Among Under-Five Children In Selected Primary Schools In Nasarawa Town","authors":"Musa G K, Mahmud S M, Omaku P E","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i2.13","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000This study aimed at carrying out a survey of the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in selected primary schools in Nasarawa town. Cross sectional research design was adopted for the study. Stratified sampling technique were adopted where the three selected schools served as the strata. The data for the study were collected using structured questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The findings of the study revealed among others that malnutrition in the form of wasting and underweight is more prevalent than stunting in the study area. The study revealed further that exposure to diarrhea, mother’s educational level, mother’s occupation, total number of children, family monthly income, water treatment practice, were significant determinants of wasting among under five children. Also, factors like age of mother, source of food, frequency of water treatment, Antenatal Care (ANC) follow up, mothers’ eating habits during pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding practice and meal frequency were significant determinants of underweight among under five children. Furthermore, exposure to infectious disease, mothers’ educational level, source of food and frequency of water treatment were the significant determinants of stunting among under five children in the study area. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that at the community level, instruction and training should be provided to women regarding exclusive breastfeeding, child care, and infectious illness prevention protocol. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owoh Etete Ukamaka, Ogunbiyi Oluwagbenga J , Umeasiegbu Chioma U, Oni Elizabeth K, Iyare Harrison E
This study evaluated the level of selected heavy metals in the surface water and macrobrachium along Eagle Island, Bonny Estuary. Triplicate samples were collected from four locations for six months (May-October 2021). Samples were processed and analysed for heavy metals according to standards. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals (chromium: Cr, lead: Pb, nickel: Ni and zinc: Zn) in water from the four studied locations had similar mean values of 0.001±0.00. Meanwhile, there was a significant variation in the level of heavy metals in macrobrachium in all the locations. The mean Cr value of 0.15±0.46 mg/kg, 0.001±0.00 mg/kg, 0.01±0.00 mg/kg and 0.03±0.05 mg/kg was observed. For Pb, 0.09±0.00 mg/kg, 2.15±0.03 mg/kg, 0.05±0.00 mg/kg and 0.003±0.00 mg/kg were recorded. For Ni, 0.23±0.01 mg/kg, 0.01±0.00 mg/kg, 0.08±0.00 mg/kg and 0.00±0.00 mg/kg were obtained. For Zn, 2.11±0.01 mg/kg, 2.06±0.00 mg/kg, 0.46±0.30 mg/kg and 0.00±0.00 mg/kg were recorded, respectively, from Eagle Island - UST Bar gate, Mgboshimili, Ogbogolo and Rumueme. The concentration of heavy metals in water fell below WHO and FEPA limits for drinking water. In contrast, some heavy metal levels in macrobrachium from Eagle Island exceeded the regulatory limits set by WHO. The observed increase in these heavy metals may be due to oil bunkering activities within the creeks. Thus, the level of some heavy metals in macrobrachium from water bodies (Station I and II) pose a concern as it may cause some health risks and implications for man, who is the final consumer.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination In Surface Water And Macrobrachium Tissues Along Eagle Island, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Owoh Etete Ukamaka, Ogunbiyi Oluwagbenga J , Umeasiegbu Chioma U, Oni Elizabeth K, Iyare Harrison E","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i2.7","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000This study evaluated the level of selected heavy metals in the surface water and macrobrachium along Eagle Island, Bonny Estuary. Triplicate samples were collected from four locations for six months (May-October 2021). Samples were processed and analysed for heavy metals according to standards. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals (chromium: Cr, lead: Pb, nickel: Ni and zinc: Zn) in water from the four studied locations had similar mean values of 0.001±0.00. Meanwhile, there was a significant variation in the level of heavy metals in macrobrachium in all the locations. The mean Cr value of 0.15±0.46 mg/kg, 0.001±0.00 mg/kg, 0.01±0.00 mg/kg and 0.03±0.05 mg/kg was observed. For Pb, 0.09±0.00 mg/kg, 2.15±0.03 mg/kg, 0.05±0.00 mg/kg and 0.003±0.00 mg/kg were recorded. For Ni, 0.23±0.01 mg/kg, 0.01±0.00 mg/kg, 0.08±0.00 mg/kg and 0.00±0.00 mg/kg were obtained. For Zn, 2.11±0.01 mg/kg, 2.06±0.00 mg/kg, 0.46±0.30 mg/kg and 0.00±0.00 mg/kg were recorded, respectively, from Eagle Island - UST Bar gate, Mgboshimili, Ogbogolo and Rumueme. The concentration of heavy metals in water fell below WHO and FEPA limits for drinking water. In contrast, some heavy metal levels in macrobrachium from Eagle Island exceeded the regulatory limits set by WHO. The observed increase in these heavy metals may be due to oil bunkering activities within the creeks. Thus, the level of some heavy metals in macrobrachium from water bodies (Station I and II) pose a concern as it may cause some health risks and implications for man, who is the final consumer. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Investigating the relationship between plants and soils is important for environmental management. This study looked at how measures of plant biomass correlated with soils under bush mango and lowland rainforest. The study adopted quasi experimental design, and applied stratified random sampling to subdivide the study area into 10 strata. Two sampling sites each was chosen from each strata (being bush mango stand and adjacent rainforest) thus, made up 20 sampling sites. Data collected were tree heights, tree diameters, and soil samples. Abney level was used to determine tree heights, girthing tape for tree diameters, and core sampler for soil samples collected from 0-15cm and 15cm-30cm soil depths. Laboratory analyses of the soil samples maintained standard procedures to obtain the concentrations of soil elements. Data generated were analysed with Pearson’s bivariate correlation statistics. Findings showed that biomass of the standing bush mango and adjacent rainforest trees correlated positively with soil elements under their stands. From the stands of bush mango, tree heights correlated positively with soil bulk density (0.135), porosity (0.151), water holding capacity (0.256) and sand (0.438); while tree diameters correlated positively with total organic matter (0.20), potassium (0.457), bulk density (0.592), water holding capacity (0.473), silt (0.562) and clay (0.072). Within the rainforest, tree heights positively correlated with total organic matter (0.302), potassium (0.613), bulk density (0.064), porosity (0.122), silt (0.755*), and clay (0.183); while tree diameters positively correlated with total nitrogen (0.325), porosity (0.036), water holding capacity (416), sand (0.548) and clay (0.191). Since measures of plant biomass of the stands of bush mangoes positively correlated with soil properties, their conservation as rainforest species is encouraged for proper ecosystem functioning and management.
{"title":"Correlation Analyses Of Measures Of Plant Biomass And Soil Attributes Under Bush Mango And Lowland Rainforest Trees In Nigeria","authors":"Ndakara Ofudjaye Emmanuel","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating the relationship between plants and soils is important for environmental management. This study looked at how measures of plant biomass correlated with soils under bush mango and lowland rainforest. The study adopted quasi experimental design, and applied stratified random sampling to subdivide the study area into 10 strata. Two sampling sites each was chosen from each strata (being bush mango stand and adjacent rainforest) thus, made up 20 sampling sites. Data collected were tree heights, tree diameters, and soil samples. Abney level was used to determine tree heights, girthing tape for tree diameters, and core sampler for soil samples collected from 0-15cm and 15cm-30cm soil depths. Laboratory analyses of the soil samples maintained standard procedures to obtain the concentrations of soil elements. Data generated were analysed with Pearson’s bivariate correlation statistics. Findings showed that biomass of the standing bush mango and adjacent rainforest trees correlated positively with soil elements under their stands. From the stands of bush mango, tree heights correlated positively with soil bulk density (0.135), porosity (0.151), water holding capacity (0.256) and sand (0.438); while tree diameters correlated positively with total organic matter (0.20), potassium (0.457), bulk density (0.592), water holding capacity (0.473), silt (0.562) and clay (0.072). Within the rainforest, tree heights positively correlated with total organic matter (0.302), potassium (0.613), bulk density (0.064), porosity (0.122), silt (0.755*), and clay (0.183); while tree diameters positively correlated with total nitrogen (0.325), porosity (0.036), water holding capacity (416), sand (0.548) and clay (0.191). Since measures of plant biomass of the stands of bush mangoes positively correlated with soil properties, their conservation as rainforest species is encouraged for proper ecosystem functioning and management. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141672210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romuald Bagaragaza, Félicien Majoro, Jian Zhang, Claire Dusabemariya, Ronaldo Muvunyi, P. Nsengiyumva, Concilie Mukamwambali, Eric Mbabazi Buregeya, Assiel Mugabe, Adrien Uwamahoro
Hydraulic transients are accelerated by the wicket gate closing in hydroelectric power plants. When the wicket gate is closed, there is a sudden change in velocity due to the closure. Therefore, a study has been carried out here, wherein water hammers on different hydropower components use optimum closure laws: Fast closure laws, slow closure laws, and instant load rejection. Hammer V10i software was used to investigate the phenomenon of pressure transient. The results show that the maximum transient pressure is strongly influenced by a very short closing time and was increased to 41.24% from the slow to the fast closure. Furthermore, the results from instant load rejections reveal that the transient pressure will be less than the fast and slow closure. So, the closing law selection can positively influence the entire hydropower plant system. Furthermore, the results show that there was a decrease in pressure near the turbine during the different load rejections, Fast closure, slow closure, and instant load rejection, where 57.7%, 15%, and 0.46%, respectively, and the decrease in turbine rotation speed were as 5.1%, 60%, and 24% respectively. Moreover, results reveal that maximum and minimum flow variation reached -29.75% and 41.2% during the fast closure.
{"title":"Investigation Of The Influence Of The Turbine Wicket Gates Closure Law Pattern On The Water Hammer Effect During Turbine Off-Design Operation","authors":"Romuald Bagaragaza, Félicien Majoro, Jian Zhang, Claire Dusabemariya, Ronaldo Muvunyi, P. Nsengiyumva, Concilie Mukamwambali, Eric Mbabazi Buregeya, Assiel Mugabe, Adrien Uwamahoro","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic transients are accelerated by the wicket gate closing in hydroelectric power plants. When the wicket gate is closed, there is a sudden change in velocity due to the closure. Therefore, a study has been carried out here, wherein water hammers on different hydropower components use optimum closure laws: Fast closure laws, slow closure laws, and instant load rejection. Hammer V10i software was used to investigate the phenomenon of pressure transient. The results show that the maximum transient pressure is strongly influenced by a very short closing time and was increased to 41.24% from the slow to the fast closure. \u0000Furthermore, the results from instant load rejections reveal that the transient pressure will be less than the fast and slow closure. So, the closing law selection can positively influence the entire hydropower plant system. Furthermore, the results show that there was a decrease in pressure near the turbine during the different load rejections, Fast closure, slow closure, and instant load rejection, where 57.7%, 15%, and 0.46%, respectively, and the decrease in turbine rotation speed were as 5.1%, 60%, and 24% respectively. Moreover, results reveal that maximum and minimum flow variation reached -29.75% and 41.2% during the fast closure. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"99 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romuald Bagaragaza, Félicien Majoro, Jian Zhang, Claire Dusabemariya, P. Nsengiyumva, Concilie Mukamwambali, Ronaldo Muvunyi, Eric Mbabazi Buregeya
This research article investigates transient hydraulic effects, particularly water hammer phenomena, in a hydropower plant (HEPP) through a comprehensive mathematical model and simulation analysis. Utilizing methods of characteristics and FORTRAN programming, the study develops a model that incorporates water hammer considerations, including friction, in the water conveyance system of the HEPP. The system layout encompasses an upstream reservoir, penstock, turbine unit, and downstream reservoir. The research explores the influence of guide vane closure and pressure regulating valve (PRV) opening and closing laws on pressure variations, mass oscillations, and water level fluctuations within the system. Numerical results indicate that PRV failure may not significantly impact turbine speed, but it results in excessive pressure oscillations in the spiral casing head, exceeding allowable pressure control values. The study identifies a critical PRV diameter of 0.6m, causing a maximum pressure in the spiral case of 370m, surpassing the acceptable limit of 250m, with a speed rise rate exceeding 50%. Conversely, a PRV diameter greater than or equal to 0.9m leads to unnecessary water energy loss. The findings emphasize the importance of carefully selecting PRV parameters to optimize system stability and efficiency. The study's comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the interplay of various parameters, contributing to a scientific basis for optimizing operational parameters and ensuring reliable and efficient hydropower plant performance.
{"title":"Hydrodynamic Analysis Of Water Hammer Phenomena In Hydropower Stations Under Turbine Extreme Operating Conditions","authors":"Romuald Bagaragaza, Félicien Majoro, Jian Zhang, Claire Dusabemariya, P. Nsengiyumva, Concilie Mukamwambali, Ronaldo Muvunyi, Eric Mbabazi Buregeya","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This research article investigates transient hydraulic effects, particularly water hammer phenomena, in a hydropower plant (HEPP) through a comprehensive mathematical model and simulation analysis. Utilizing methods of characteristics and FORTRAN programming, the study develops a model that incorporates water hammer considerations, including friction, in the water conveyance system of the HEPP. The system layout encompasses an upstream reservoir, penstock, turbine unit, and downstream reservoir. The research explores the influence of guide vane closure and pressure regulating valve (PRV) opening and closing laws on pressure variations, mass oscillations, and water level fluctuations within the system. Numerical results indicate that PRV failure may not significantly impact turbine speed, but it results in excessive pressure oscillations in the spiral casing head, exceeding allowable pressure control values. The study identifies a critical PRV diameter of 0.6m, causing a maximum pressure in the spiral case of 370m, surpassing the acceptable limit of 250m, with a speed rise rate exceeding 50%. Conversely, a PRV diameter greater than or equal to 0.9m leads to unnecessary water energy loss. The findings emphasize the importance of carefully selecting PRV parameters to optimize system stability and efficiency. The study's comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the interplay of various parameters, contributing to a scientific basis for optimizing operational parameters and ensuring reliable and efficient hydropower plant performance. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Félicien Majoro, Romuald Bagaragaza, Concilie Mukamwambali, P. Nsengiyumva, Jean De Dieu Mutabaruka, Mathieu Ntakiyemungu, Claire Dusabemariya, Eric Buregeya Mbabazi, Jacqueline Nikuze, Jean D Amour Osiri, Athanase Twagirimana, Fidele Mbaraga
Soil erosion is a pressing environmental concern that poses significant threats to agricultural productivity, watershed health, and ecosystem stability. This research investigates the performance and adoptability of mulching technology as a Soil Erosion Control Measure (SECM) within the Sebeya catchment. This study employed various methods including a review of existing literature, on-site visits, structured interviews, and focus group discussions to evaluate the factors contributing to soil erosion, its impacts, and the variety of SECM within the Sebeya catchment. Among the 96 farmers surveyed in this research, it was evident that the natural reasons for soil erosion in the Sebeya drainage area were often attributed to the intense rainfall (23%) and steep slopes (22%). Also, the influence of lack of SECM and the continuous ploughing is significant with 22% and 22% respectively. The availability of mulching materials can vary significantly based on the geographic location, agricultural practices, and economic factors. In the Sebeya catchment, mulching materials often sourced from crop residues and vegetative residues. To address the risks associated with soil erosion, various site-specific measures were recommended. Using the Universal Soil Erosion Equation (USLE) model, the suggested Soil Erosion Control measures (SECM) were simulated with a significant decrease in soil loss, dropping from 73.05 t/ha/y to 19.62 t/ha/y. By incorporating mulching technology into the recommended SECM to mitigate soil erosion, the soil erosion rates reduced to permissible soil loss from 19.62 t/ha/y to 11.26 t/ha/y. To effectively reduce the high rates of soil erosion to acceptable levels within the Sebeya drainage area, this study advocates for the implementation of the recommended site-specific soil erosion control measures combined with mulching, drainage channels, and the stabilizing grasses on the same farmland. Implementing SECM stands as the optimal choice for enhancing soil productivity while reducing sedimentation in downstream rivers and lakes.
{"title":"Performance And Adoptability Of Mulching Technology To Control Soil Erosion: Case Study Of The Sebeya Catchment In Rwanda","authors":"Félicien Majoro, Romuald Bagaragaza, Concilie Mukamwambali, P. Nsengiyumva, Jean De Dieu Mutabaruka, Mathieu Ntakiyemungu, Claire Dusabemariya, Eric Buregeya Mbabazi, Jacqueline Nikuze, Jean D Amour Osiri, Athanase Twagirimana, Fidele Mbaraga","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is a pressing environmental concern that poses significant threats to agricultural productivity, watershed health, and ecosystem stability. This research investigates the performance and adoptability of mulching technology as a Soil Erosion Control Measure (SECM) within the Sebeya catchment. This study employed various methods including a review of existing literature, on-site visits, structured interviews, and focus group discussions to evaluate the factors contributing to soil erosion, its impacts, and the variety of SECM within the Sebeya catchment. Among the 96 farmers surveyed in this research, it was evident that the natural reasons for soil erosion in the Sebeya drainage area were often attributed to the intense rainfall (23%) and steep slopes (22%). Also, the influence of lack of SECM and the continuous ploughing is significant with 22% and 22% respectively. The availability of mulching materials can vary significantly based on the geographic location, agricultural practices, and economic factors. In the Sebeya catchment, mulching materials often sourced from crop residues and vegetative residues. To address the risks associated with soil erosion, various site-specific measures were recommended. Using the Universal Soil Erosion Equation (USLE) model, the suggested Soil Erosion Control measures (SECM) were simulated with a significant decrease in soil loss, dropping from 73.05 t/ha/y to 19.62 t/ha/y. By incorporating mulching technology into the recommended SECM to mitigate soil erosion, the soil erosion rates reduced to permissible soil loss from 19.62 t/ha/y to 11.26 t/ha/y. To effectively reduce the high rates of soil erosion to acceptable levels within the Sebeya drainage area, this study advocates for the implementation of the recommended site-specific soil erosion control measures combined with mulching, drainage channels, and the stabilizing grasses on the same farmland. Implementing SECM stands as the optimal choice for enhancing soil productivity while reducing sedimentation in downstream rivers and lakes. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadipe O B, O. O. A., Ayetan Y B, Ojo-Adedeji T R, Ekaun A A
The study assessed the vegetation of Ilaro Forest Reserve through remote sensing approach for years, 2015, 2019 and 2022. Satellite images of the corresponding years were downloaded and analyzed to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) and to produce an NDVI map. The result showed that in 2015, there were four land covers which are; Builtup Areas, Shrubs and Grasslands, Sparse vegetation and Dense Vegetation while in 2019 and 2023, five land covers were observed which include Builtup Areas, Shrubs and Grasslands, Sparse vegetation, Dense vegetation and Barren Land. Furthermore, each of the land covers varied from 2015 through 2022. There was increase in barren land (0.01%), dense vegetation (0.72%) and sparse vegetation (5.35%) while builtup areas and shrubs and grasslands decreased by 0.08% and 5.99% respectively between 2015 and 2019. However, from 2019 to 2022, shrubs and grasslands decreased further by 3.66% while barren land, built-up areas, dense vegetation, and sparse vegetation increased by 0.02%, 0.06%, 0.03% and 3.53% respectively. The overall coverage of the land showed that from 2015 to 2022, there was a general increase in barren land (0.03%), dense vegetation (0.75%) and sparse vegetation (9.12%) while a decline in built-up areas (0.02%) and shrubs and grasslands were observed. The study showed that there was vegetation gain in the forest reserve due to reforestation project sponsored by the State government in 2017. The project impacted positively on the forest reserve and more of these projects should be encouraged by government.
{"title":"Spatial Variation Of Vegetation Cover In Ilaro Forest Reserve, Ipake Ogun State","authors":"Fadipe O B, O. O. A., Ayetan Y B, Ojo-Adedeji T R, Ekaun A A","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the vegetation of Ilaro Forest Reserve through remote sensing approach for years, 2015, 2019 and 2022. Satellite images of the corresponding years were downloaded and analyzed to compute the Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) and to produce an NDVI map. The result showed that in 2015, there were four land covers which are; Builtup Areas, Shrubs and Grasslands, Sparse vegetation and Dense Vegetation while in 2019 and 2023, five land covers were observed which include Builtup Areas, Shrubs and Grasslands, Sparse vegetation, Dense vegetation and Barren Land. Furthermore, each of the land covers varied from 2015 through 2022. There was increase in barren land (0.01%), dense vegetation (0.72%) and sparse vegetation (5.35%) while builtup areas and shrubs and grasslands decreased by 0.08% and 5.99% respectively between 2015 and 2019. However, from 2019 to 2022, shrubs and grasslands decreased further by 3.66% while barren land, built-up areas, dense vegetation, and sparse vegetation increased by 0.02%, 0.06%, 0.03% and 3.53% respectively. The overall coverage of the land showed that from 2015 to 2022, there was a general increase in barren land (0.03%), dense vegetation (0.75%) and sparse vegetation (9.12%) while a decline in built-up areas (0.02%) and shrubs and grasslands were observed. The study showed that there was vegetation gain in the forest reserve due to reforestation project sponsored by the State government in 2017. The project impacted positively on the forest reserve and more of these projects should be encouraged by government. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. C Nwuzor, O. Okike, A. E Umahi, C. C Nwaevo, C. I Nworie, A. Ojobeagu, A. Chikwendu, C. Ozibo, P. B Otah
The dependence of Forbush decreases on geomagnetic cutoff rigidity has been studied. The study aimed to investigate the implications of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity on forbush decrease. To achieve this aim, the data of cosmic ray daily count from six neutron stations of Tibet, Esoi, Tsumeb, Oulu, Apatity, and Magadan were used. These data covered a period of six (6) years from the year 2010 to 2015. An advanced manual method developed by Okike and Umahi (2019b) was used to select the FDs through R. statistical software. A sharp depression in the intensity of cosmic ray variation known as Forbush decrease (FD) was detected. A large number of FDs were recorded. The results of our analysis was grouped into stations of high, low and middle rigidity. The stations of low rigidity recorded the highest number of FDs followed by stations of middle rigidity while the stations of high rigidity recorded the least number of FDs. The magnitude of these FDs was determined. It was observed that FD magnitudes vary inversely with the station's rigidity. A correlation between the FD magnitudes of the cosmic ray (CR) stations was also tested. It was observed that stations of low rigidity indicated the best correlation followed by the stations of middle rigidity, while the stations of high rigidity indicated the least correlation. A regression was further tested between the FD magnitudes of the different stations. The result of the regression between FDs of different stations was 99.8% , 98% and 97.5% significant for stations low, high and middle rigidity stations respectively. In summary, this study used a large number of events to test the rigidity dependence of FDs, and it was observed that FDs are inversely related to the cutoff rigidity. Thus, FDs measured at the CR stations can be used to examine the effects of rigidity between the stations.
{"title":"Investigating The Dependence Of Forbush Decrease On Geomagnetic Cutoff Rigidity","authors":"O. C Nwuzor, O. Okike, A. E Umahi, C. C Nwaevo, C. I Nworie, A. Ojobeagu, A. Chikwendu, C. Ozibo, P. B Otah","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The dependence of Forbush decreases on geomagnetic cutoff rigidity has been studied. The study aimed to investigate the implications of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity on forbush decrease. To achieve this aim, the data of cosmic ray daily count from six neutron stations of Tibet, Esoi, Tsumeb, Oulu, Apatity, and Magadan were used. These data covered a period of six (6) years from the year 2010 to 2015. An advanced manual method developed by Okike and Umahi (2019b) was used to select the FDs through R. statistical software. A sharp depression in the intensity of cosmic ray variation known as Forbush decrease (FD) was detected. A large number of FDs were recorded. The results of our analysis was grouped into stations of high, low and middle rigidity. The stations of low rigidity recorded the highest number of FDs followed by stations of middle rigidity while the stations of high rigidity recorded the least number of FDs. The magnitude of these FDs was determined. It was observed that FD magnitudes vary inversely with the station's rigidity. A correlation between the FD magnitudes of the cosmic ray (CR) stations was also tested. It was observed that stations of low rigidity indicated the best correlation followed by the stations of middle rigidity, while the stations of high rigidity indicated the least correlation. A regression was further tested between the FD magnitudes of the different stations. The result of the regression between FDs of different stations was 99.8% , 98% and 97.5% significant for stations low, high and middle rigidity stations respectively. In summary, this study used a large number of events to test the rigidity dependence of FDs, and it was observed that FDs are inversely related to the cutoff rigidity. Thus, FDs measured at the CR stations can be used to examine the effects of rigidity between the stations. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mairam Medugu Yurkusi, Joseph Appah, Karderam B Dikwa, Thankgod Ositadinma Ndibe, Asabe Danjuma, Bintu Babagana
Chamaecrista rotundifolia is one of the few plant species growing on heavy metal-contaminated Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. This microbially unexplored plant species can have microbial association with endophytes. This study was aimed at isolating, identifying and characterizing endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. The identification of the endophytic bacteria was done using standard biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The isolates were then screened for antibiotic resistance, plant growth promoting properties and heavy metal tolerance using standard techniques. Varied concentrations of heavy metal salts (Pb2+, Cr3+, Ni2+ and Mn2+) were used to test the isolates for their heavy metal tolerance. Four endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of C. rotundifolia were Aerococcus viridans, Peribacillus simplex, Staphylococcus simplex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results on antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the four isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics. The isolates possessed plant growth promoting properties by showing positive results for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing. Results also revealed that the isolates showed some degree of tolerance to the heavy metals. The tolerance of both A. viridans and P. simplex to chromium and manganese showed significant difference (p<0.05) across all the concentration levels of the metal salts. It is therefore concluded that Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna, is associated with endophytic bacteria which could be the reason the plant species thrive in heavy metal-contaminated site.
{"title":"Molecular identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria from root of chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the nigerian air force shooting range, kaduna.","authors":"Mairam Medugu Yurkusi, Joseph Appah, Karderam B Dikwa, Thankgod Ositadinma Ndibe, Asabe Danjuma, Bintu Babagana","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Chamaecrista rotundifolia is one of the few plant species growing on heavy metal-contaminated Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. This microbially unexplored plant species can have microbial association with endophytes. This study was aimed at isolating, identifying and characterizing endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. The identification of the endophytic bacteria was done using standard biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The isolates were then screened for antibiotic resistance, plant growth promoting properties and heavy metal tolerance using standard techniques. Varied concentrations of heavy metal salts (Pb2+, Cr3+, Ni2+ and Mn2+) were used to test the isolates for their heavy metal tolerance. Four endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of C. rotundifolia were Aerococcus viridans, Peribacillus simplex, Staphylococcus simplex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results on antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the four isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics. The isolates possessed plant growth promoting properties by showing positive results for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing. Results also revealed that the isolates showed some degree of tolerance to the heavy metals. The tolerance of both A. viridans and P. simplex to chromium and manganese showed significant difference (p<0.05) across all the concentration levels of the metal salts. It is therefore concluded that Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna, is associated with endophytic bacteria which could be the reason the plant species thrive in heavy metal-contaminated site. \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"46 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzed the profitability of palm oil production in Igbo Etiti L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria. Both multi-stage random and purposive sampling procedures were used to select 120 small-scale palm oil producers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants and analysed using frequency, percentage, and gross margin analysis. The results show that more than half (55.0) percent of palm oil producers use the traditional method of palm oil processing to produce their product whereas 17.5 percent used the mechanical method. The producers sourced their palm fruits mainly from self-sourcing (65 percent), friends and relatives (55.8 percent), and the open market (44.2 percent). The profitability analysis indicates that the total cost of N2,503,100 was incurred as the production cost for palm oil in the 2021 production cycle, out of which N429,000 representing 17.1 percent was expended on the total fixed assets while the total variable cost gulped N2,074,100, representing 82.9 percent of the entire cost. The sum of N796,900 was realized as the net profit from palm oil production in the area. This attests to the profitability of palm oil production in the area. The benefit-cost ratio analysis yielded a value above one (1.3), confirming the viability of palm oil production in the area. The study recommends that the government should initiate a policy that will encourage more people to get involved in palm oil production, as well as, facilitate the transition of palm oil production from the traditional method to the mechanical method.
{"title":"Profitability Analysis Of Palm Oil Production In Igbo Etiti Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Patricia N Egwu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v30i1.1","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000This study analyzed the profitability of palm oil production in Igbo Etiti L.G.A of Enugu State, Nigeria. Both multi-stage random and purposive sampling procedures were used to select 120 small-scale palm oil producers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants and analysed using frequency, percentage, and gross margin analysis. The results show that more than half (55.0) percent of palm oil producers use the traditional method of palm oil processing to produce their product whereas 17.5 percent used the mechanical method. The producers sourced their palm fruits mainly from self-sourcing (65 percent), friends and relatives (55.8 percent), and the open market (44.2 percent). The profitability analysis indicates that the total cost of N2,503,100 was incurred as the production cost for palm oil in the 2021 production cycle, out of which N429,000 representing 17.1 percent was expended on the total fixed assets while the total variable cost gulped N2,074,100, representing 82.9 percent of the entire cost. The sum of N796,900 was realized as the net profit from palm oil production in the area. This attests to the profitability of palm oil production in the area. The benefit-cost ratio analysis yielded a value above one (1.3), confirming the viability of palm oil production in the area. The study recommends that the government should initiate a policy that will encourage more people to get involved in palm oil production, as well as, facilitate the transition of palm oil production from the traditional method to the mechanical method. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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